CN102534113A - Electromagnetic induction furnace iron ore one-step steel smelting method - Google Patents
Electromagnetic induction furnace iron ore one-step steel smelting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102534113A CN102534113A CN2012100389307A CN201210038930A CN102534113A CN 102534113 A CN102534113 A CN 102534113A CN 2012100389307 A CN2012100389307 A CN 2012100389307A CN 201210038930 A CN201210038930 A CN 201210038930A CN 102534113 A CN102534113 A CN 102534113A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing standard steel ingots or steel billets by directly smelting iron ore in an electromagnetic induction furnace, namely a one-step steel smelting method. The method comprises the following process steps: uniformly mixing iron ore powder and coal powder; pressing the mixture into balls; and applying a gland guide melting technique in the electromagnetic induction furnace, namely adding 30 to 40 percent of waste steel into the first furnace during the furnace campaign, smelting the steel, adding iron ore balls, closing gland, melting the iron ore balls, raising temperature, discharging steel, and keeping steel, and modifying steel slag in a steel barrel, wherein waste steel is not needed to be added in the following furnaces, and the metal yield may reach over 90 percent.
Description
One, technical field
The invention belongs to field of metallurgy; Relate to the smelting iron and steel technology in the ferrous metal smelting; Realize that particularly common iron ore is without blast-furnace smelting; And directly in electromagnetic induction furnace, smelt straight carbon steel and the low alloy steel that becomes to meet relevant national standard, casting ingot-forming or base are realized by the single step production of ore deposit to ingot or base then.
Two, background technology
Iron ore one step steel-smelting technology is the problem always inquired into of whole world metallurgist for hundreds of years.For this problem is described, must review the developing history of human smelting iron technology.According to archaeological materials, found iron in the Pyramids, this explanation mankind had learned ironmaking in the past in 6000; Also there is the iron prop in ancient times the India Delhi, and it has had the history in more than 3000 year; China is in the Zhou Dynasty The Spring and Autumn Period, the legend of existing refining " capable person ", " evil " double-edged sword, and " the Bradley special steel " in its image and India, Persian ancient times is extremely similar.The method of ironmaking in ancient times and steel-making mostly adopts refining pig-iron method, promptly is in space for collecting ashes in a stove, to add charcoal and iron ore, combustion back blast roasting from level to level.The charcoal of red heat contacts with ore, and iron wherein is reduced out, forms granulated iron; Unreduced iron ore dissolves and becomes the red stone slag; Many granulated iron gather the pig-iron piece that just forms pasty state, and this pig-iron piece is owing to contacting with the charcoal of red heat, so certain carbon content is arranged.The pig-iron piece taken out from stove forge, just processed steel.This primary method for making steel will consume a large amount of fuel, refines the minimum charcoal of wanting 3.15 units of pig-iron of a unit, and the loss of iron is at least more than 30%, so this method for making steel is very uneconomic.In addition, adopt this method steel-making, output is very little, can not satisfy demands of social development.
, society smelts iron Here it is blast furnace because with the increase of iron amount, having to build some big higher straight tube stoves.The used fuel of blast furnace has not been charcoal, but coke.Stove is high more, and temperature is just high more in the burner hearth, and the carburetting phenomenon of iron is development (can reach 3～4.5%) just.The metal of producing no longer becomes pasty state, but flowability liquid preferably, Here it is the pig iron.The smelting cost of the pig iron descends than the refining pig-iron greatly, but the fragility of the pig iron increases greatly, is inappropriate for the manufacturing utensil.In order to address this problem, people are placed on the pig iron in the special stove and add oxygenant (ore, oxidation scum) heating, and the carbon in the pig iron just oxidizes away with other impurity, obtains wrought metal---steel at last, the forming process of Here it is two one-step steelmaking process.
The pig iron and the steel capital are called iron-carbon on steelmaking theory, and their dividing point is a carbon content 1.7%, and promptly carbon content is called the pig iron between 1.7～4.5%, and carbon content is at the steel that is called below 1.7%.In any case it is irrational that two one-step steelmaking process are said technically.Because the reduction reaction of red stone has not only taken place in the blast-furnace smelting, the carburetting reaction of iron has meanwhile also taken place, and carbon increasing amount has reached more than 3%; Steelmaking process is then on the contrary, is that the molten iron that carbon content is too high is oxidized to the steel of carbon containing below 1.7%, and carbon content all must be oxidized to below 0.5% in the pig iron in most cases, so as to be smelt broad-spectrum in, soft steel.Hence one can see that, and this part function of blast furnace carburetting is irrational waste.
In order to change the irrationality on the two-step approach production technology, last century, global metallurgist proposed scheme miscellaneous one after another, and produced as a trial; Here it is direct reduction iron making; Product is granulated iron, sponge iron, and purpose is exactly a reducing iron ore, not carburetting.Still belong to two-step approach with granulated iron, sponge iron steel-making, and these methods can not be competed all mutually with modern big blast furnace.Through looking into; Domestic Liu's grace is deeper than the patented claim that on January 15th, 1998 proposed " one-step steel-making process from iron ore "; Application number 98100242.0; This application is five devices with each tool mission---perpendicular tower, tunnel, shaft furnace, hot metal mixer and two molten baths steel melting furnace combine, and carry out the task of blast furnace ironmaking and oxygen converter steelmaking respectively, the unreasonable function of carburetting in the blast furnace are not removed; In fact this application still belongs to two-step steelmaking process, and on July 21st, 1999, this application was rejected by Patent Office.
According to reports, AISI and Mexico HYLSA company cooperate, and at present, are developing the Direct Steel Process that is intended to cancel pit kiln-blast furnace-bof technology.Its principle is directly to reduce with coal gas and oxygen to be added to the pre-reduced iron ore through preheating in the iron bath.Iron ore and coal are added to the cast iron melting pond from the top of smelting furnace; And oxygen is blown into from the top and the bottom of stove, carries out desulfurization and carbonization treatment in the smelting furnace continuously, when carbon content is reduced to less than 1% the time; Molten steel imported carry out refining in the ladle, finally obtain qualified steel ingot or continuously cast bloom.
Three, summary of the invention
(1) inventive principle
1, the heating principle of electromagnetic induction furnace is when induction coil is connected AC power; Produce alternating magnetic field at induction coil; When cutting the metal charge in the crucible, alternating magnetic field produces induced potential; Because metal charge itself forms a loop line, thereby in furnace charge, produces inductive current, inductive current has a resistance heat with furnace charge intensification, fusing through furnace charge.Yet iron ore is nonmetal, is not conductor, and it is athermic being added in the crucible, and heat iron ore must will have metal pool earlier, lean on the induction stirring of metal pool to come constantly to wash away iron ore, could heat iron ore, melt and reduce.
2, this law adopts super sea coal that iron ore is reduced, and according to thermodynamics knowledge, the carbon reducing agent iron ore is via Fe
2O
3-Fe
3O
4The approach of-FeO-Fe; Minimum temperature is 570 ℃, but the reduction rate of red stone is very slow at this moment, and the time that electromagnetic induction furnace is smelted one heat steel was generally about 2 hours; Will in two hours, accomplish furnace charge and heat, melt, reduce and be warmed up to tapping temperature, the time is nowhere near.Must quicken reduction reaction, and the most important condition of acceleration reduction reaction improves reaction zone temperature exactly for this reason.
3, being distributed as of the interior hot-zone of the crucible of induction furnace: leaning on sidewall of crucible one deck all around is the high-temperature zone; Crucible bottom and middle part are higher warm area; To disperse be cold zone (accompanying drawing one) owing to heat radiation and magneticline of force on the top of crucible, yet crucible top just in time is again charging zone and reaction zone.Therefore,, be pressed onto higher warm area and high-temperature zone, reaction zone moved down, thereby help the reduction of iron ore for fast reaction speed just must add behind every batch of material immediately with the furnace charge pressed downward.
4, the instrument that furnace charge is pressed down is a gland, and material is a high-carbon graphite, and under the effect of alternating magnetic field, gland also can generate heat.Have gland to conduct heat last, have under the dual function of molten bath transmission of heat by convection down, furnace charge will be rapidly heated, melt.On the other hand, after gland pressed down, the slag liquid level rose, and furnace charge is wrapped up, and avoided that oxygen helps the reduction of red stone more to the direct oxidation effect of furnace charge in the air.Behind the last consignment of furnace charge smelting reduction, the next batch furnace charge is depressed again at once, moves in circles in the induction furnace like this, constantly carries out the reduction reaction of red stone, and the molten bath face also rises immediately gradually, forms a kind of dynamic inferior equilibrium state.In this case, the carbon content of metal pool is can the image height stove such not high in the induction furnace, generally all below 0.5%, meets in the smelting fully, the requirement of soft steel.
Must in steel teeming ladle, carry out upgrading to slag when 5, melting finishes tapping handles; The upgrading task for processing is fully, reasonably to utilize iron ore deposit; ∑ FeO in the slag is dropped to below 10% from 20～30%; The metallic iron that upgrading is reduced in handling sinks to a part that becomes Finished Steel in the following molten steel, and recovery rate of iron reaches more than 90%, and remaining slag then just in time is the raw material that grinds cement.
(2) concrete operations
1, ingredient requirement: 1. iron ore, adopt fine ore, ferrous grade is more than 60%, and grade is high more good more; 2. coal dust requires calorific value 5500 kilocalories/more than the kg, fixed carbon content >=80%; 3. sticker, spent pulping liquor; 4. clean steel scrap.
2, batching: powdered iron ore 75～90%, coal dust 10～25%, spent pulping liquor adds 2～3% in addition by total material weight.
3, balling-up: join carbon dust by institute's steelmaking kind requirement, stir after preparing, suppress balling-up with briquetting press then, use after the seasoning.
4, gland is led molten art
1. the high-carbon graphite gland is made (seeing accompanying drawing two), and the gland diameter is than the little 2～3cm of induction furnace burner hearth internal diameter, and body thickness 5～10cm, stove are big more, and lid is thick more.Following (towards the furnace charge) of gland is uniformly distributed with 6 radioactivity ribs, compiles the garden heart, rib is that identical material fuses with cover plate, rib high wide be 3～5cm; The section square; There is the hanger of a protuberance at heart place in garden above the gland, and a non-magnetic rustproof Steel Link Chain is put on hanger, and the upper end connects the induction furnace movable gas hood; Link to each other with winch, gland can upper and lowerly fast move;
2. lead moltenly, before the first stove blow-on of labour phase of every stove, press 30～40% adding steel scraps of calibration furnace capacity, wherein can be with addition of a small amount of pig iron.After the molten complete molten bath of steel scrap forms, press the first batch of pellet of 40% adding of amount of metal in the stove, put down gland energising fusing then; Must be full of slag around the gland, can add counterweight, rise gland about 10 minutes like insufficient pressure; Check the molten bath,, can add the second batch of material ball as melting 90%;
3. from first batch of pellet to the end the add-on of a collection of pellet constitute a geometric ratio ordered series of numbers, common ratio is 1.20, till filling it up with stove and holding gland;
4. stay the steel operation: tapping when furnace charge fine melt temperature is suitable; Can only pour out 60～70% molten steel; Stay 30～40% molten steel in stove; Use as the molten steel scrap of leading of second stove, that is to say that one stove all stays the steel operation to first stove of using as a servant from every stove to a last stokehold, last stove then no longer stays steel.
5, upgrading is handled: the mechanical stirring that this law steel slag modification is handled is with patent of invention ZL02122578.8, and the prescription of steel slag modification agent is handled by the prescription of producing the slag Portland cement, promptly rejects silica sand, prepares with all the other 5 components.Be that with the ZL02122578.8 difference container that upgrading is handled is not slag ladle but steel teeming ladle, certainly, stirring-head needn't stretch into molten steel, only in slag blanket, stirs to get final product.The add-on of modification agent is 5～15% of the total add-on of pellet, churning time 5～8 minutes.
6, dephosphorization and desulfurization: this law has certain dephosphorization effect in stove, but in ladle, carries out upgrading when handling, and rephosphorization might take place; So when smelting phosphorous higher iron ore, can in the steel slag modification agent, mix a certain amount of barium is dephosphorizing agent, in case phosphorus is offscale.The steel slag modification agent of this law itself just has sweetening effectiveness preferably concerning desulfurization, so it is high offscale to worry sulphur.
7, carbon component fine setting: this law mainly is in batching, to control to carbon component, when charge composition is stable, during stable technical process, can control and join the carbon ratio example according to smelting steel grade.Available oxygen blast is finely tuned in steel teeming ladle, stirs earlier the back oxygen blast, and downward modulation only can not carburetting, and the fine setting amplitude should be controlled in 0.1%.
8, add alloy: the preceding steel teeming ladle of tapping must be baked red, and the alloy lumpiness will be crushed to below the 6cm, and roasting red back adds in the steel teeming ladle.
(3) specific embodiment
In the electromagnetic induction furnace of 1 ton of a nominal capacity, test to carbon content in the steel, add earlier and lead molten steel scrap system material 300kg, molten first pellet of back of finishing adds 120kg; Gland is fluxed; Second batch adds pellet 144kg, and gland is fluxed, and the pellet proportioning is: powdered iron ore 82%; Coal powder 18%, iron ore grade 63%.First pellet fusing back sampling analysis, carbon containing 0.32%, the second batch of material ball fusing back sampling analysis, carbon containing 0.17%, power input 300kw.
Four, description of drawings
Figure one is a temperature distribution in the electromagnetic induction furnace crucible
I, high-temperature zone; II, III, higher warm area; IV, cold zone.
Figure two is electromagnetic induction furnace high-carbon graphite gland side-view and bottom surface structure iron.
Claims (5)
- One kind in electromagnetic induction furnace directly the melting iron ore obtain to meet the method for the steel ingot or the steel billet of relevant criterion, promptly Direct Steel Process is characterized in that suppressing balling-up with powdered iron ore with addition of coal powder and sticker; Use as a servant the first furnace charge ball at stove and go into the steel scrap and the pig iron that the adding in stove of stokehold elder generation accounts for furnace capacity 30～40%; Treat to add pellet behind the scrap melting in batches, with special gland charge is pressed into the molten bath fusing of switching on again then, stove is filled; Molten clear and when reaching tapping temperature; Slag is handled with going out in steel teeming ladle, to carry out upgrading, casting ingot-forming or base then, and recovery rate of iron reaches more than 90%.
- 2. according to the said method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the preparation of pellet requires to confirm to join the charcoal amount according to the requirement of institute's steelmaking kind, ratio is a powdered iron ore 75%～90%; Coal powder 10%～25%, steel grade carbon height are then joined charcoal than big, otherwise then little; Powdered iron ore requires grade more than 60%, coal dust requirement calorific value 5500 kilocalories/and more than the kg, fixed carbon >=80%; Sticker is a spent pulping liquor, weighs 2～3% by total material and allocates into, suppresses balling-up behind the mixing.
- 3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that special gland material is high charcoal graphite, and diameter is than the little 2～3cm of burner hearth internal diameter; Body thickness 5～10cm, the gland bottom surface is uniformly distributed with 6 radioactivity ribs, compiles the garden heart; The high wide 3～5cm of rib; The section square has covered hanger and has linked to each other with stainless steel chain, but fast lifting.
- 4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the method that in batches adds pellet is: first batch of add-on is in the stove 40% of the deposite metal material, and first batch of add-on and last batch of add-on constitute a geometric ratio ordered series of numbers, and common ratio is 1.20; Carry out to the stove second from the bottom of stove labour from first stove of stove labour and to stay the steel operation, only pour out 60～70% molten steel when promptly tapping and stay 30～40% molten steel in stove, to do down leading of stove to melt steel scrap usefulness.
- 5. method according to claim 1; The mechanical stirring that it is characterized in that the upgrading processing is with patent of invention ZL02122578.8; The prescription of steel slag modification agent is identical with the prescription that same patent is produced the slag Portland cement, promptly rejects silica sand, prepares with all the other 5 components; The modification agent add-on is 5～15% of the total add-on of pellet, churning time 5～8 minutes.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2012100389307A CN102534113A (en) | 2012-02-13 | 2012-02-13 | Electromagnetic induction furnace iron ore one-step steel smelting method |
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| CN2012100389307A CN102534113A (en) | 2012-02-13 | 2012-02-13 | Electromagnetic induction furnace iron ore one-step steel smelting method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104988267A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-10-21 | 安徽工业大学 | Electromagnetic heating carbon-bearing pellet continuous direct steelmaking method |
| CN107723411A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-02-23 | 成都市鑫冶高科技有限公司 | A kind of method that melting iron ore direct in electromagnetic induction furnace obtains steel ingot or steel billet |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0964066A1 (en) * | 1998-06-10 | 1999-12-15 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Process and apparatus for eaf steelmaking using liquid pig iron from a mini blast furnace and less scrap |
| CN1284569A (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2001-02-21 | 安阳钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Modified iron for electric furnace steel smelting and its usage in smelting steel |
| CN1465538A (en) * | 2002-06-08 | 2004-01-07 | 叶德敏 | Steel slag modification and steel slag cement |
| CN102373313A (en) * | 2011-10-30 | 2012-03-14 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Electric furnace smelting stainless steel slagging method |
-
2012
- 2012-02-13 CN CN2012100389307A patent/CN102534113A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0964066A1 (en) * | 1998-06-10 | 1999-12-15 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Process and apparatus for eaf steelmaking using liquid pig iron from a mini blast furnace and less scrap |
| CN1284569A (en) * | 2000-09-05 | 2001-02-21 | 安阳钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Modified iron for electric furnace steel smelting and its usage in smelting steel |
| CN1465538A (en) * | 2002-06-08 | 2004-01-07 | 叶德敏 | Steel slag modification and steel slag cement |
| CN102373313A (en) * | 2011-10-30 | 2012-03-14 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Electric furnace smelting stainless steel slagging method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王新华: "《钢铁冶金》", 30 June 2007, article "炼钢", pages: 49 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104988267A (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2015-10-21 | 安徽工业大学 | Electromagnetic heating carbon-bearing pellet continuous direct steelmaking method |
| CN107723411A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-02-23 | 成都市鑫冶高科技有限公司 | A kind of method that melting iron ore direct in electromagnetic induction furnace obtains steel ingot or steel billet |
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Application publication date: 20120704 |