CN102524698B - Method for preparing pumpkin dietary fiber - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing pumpkin dietary fiber. Pumpkin powder and water are mixed according to mass ratio of 1:20-60 and then extracted at the temperature of 40 DEG C for 90-180 minutes, and an ultra-filtration membrane of 10 kD is utilized to perform membrane filtration to supernatant to collect concentrated solution which is not filtered by the membrane. Filter residues are autoclaved for 10-40 minutes at the temperature of 40 DEG C and at 15-25 atmospheric pressure to obtain autoclaved filter residues, high pressure homogenization treatment is further performed to the autoclaved filter residues for 5-15 times at the high pressure of 6-12 MPa and at room temperature, each time requires 3-5 minutes, obtained homogeneous substance is mixed with the concentrated solution, and mixture is dried to obtain the pumpkin dietary fiber. A pumpkin dietary fiber product manufactured by the method contains more than 80% of total dietary fiber and more than15% of soluble dietary fiber (SDF), and has excellent water-holding capacity, expansibility, sodium nitrite adsorption performance and the like.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber.
(2) background technology
Pumpkin, formal name used at school Cucurbita moschata Duch, another name pumpkin, food melon etc. are the annual climing property herbaceous plant that Curcurbitaceae, Cucurbita Leaf have hickie, carpopodium five prismatics.Often be divided into three major types according to different its cultivation kinds of proterties kind: musky gourd (C.moschata Duch), giant pumpkin (C.maxima Duch) and american pumpkin (C.pepo L.).Pumpkin has plantation all over the world at present, and its cultivated area is maximum with the Asia, secondly is Europe and South America (Harry S.1989).China is self-evident just to introduce, and plantation is all arranged from south to north, especially distributes the widest with areas such as North China, northeast, northwest, Central China, southwest, Taiwan.
The pumpkin well developed root system, power of regeneration is strong, has than the strong drought resistant ability, cultivate rough, growth rapidly, disease and pest is few, soil is required not tight, suits very much to plant in the mountain area.Simultaneously pumpkin is again a kind of nutritious, vegetables that the food medicine has both.And unique, Ancient Times in China just has pair record of pumpkin food therapy health effect to the nutritional labeling of pumpkin comprehensively.Record in the traditional Chinese medical science history records " the southern regions of the Yunnan Province book on Chinese herbal medicine ": " pumpkin is warm in nature, flavor is sweet nontoxic, enters spleen, stomach two warps, can moistening lung qi-benefitting, the apocenosis of reducing phlegm, expelling parasite detoxifcation, control the diseases such as cough, asthma, lung carbuncle, constipation ", and think that pumpkin can " walk crosswise channels and collaterals, diuresis ".In Compendium of Material Medica, Li Mingzhen puts pumpkin and glossy ganoderma together, says that it has the effect of " bowl spares, tonifying liver gas, the beneficial motive, beneficial lung qi, beneficial vital essence ".All prolonged illness deficiency of vital energys, weakness of the spleen and the stomach, disease see that shortness of breath and lassitude, the few abdominal distension of food, oedema oliguria person should use.Result of study in recent years also shows, the nutritional labeling of pumpkin is comprehensive and unique, take musky gourd as example, its nutritional labeling is moisture 90.24%, protein 0.65%, fat 0.13%, carbohydrate 8.23% (wherein crude fibre 2.15%), ash content 0.73%, also contains simultaneously abundant carrotene, V
B, V
C, V
E, the mineral matter such as arginine, asparatate, adenine, pectin, sweet mellow wine, phylloerythrin, lutein and calcium, potassium, zinc, chromium.Total carbohydrates accounts for more than 82% of fructification dry weight in the pumpkin, and wherein pectin content accounts for the 7%-17% of dried pumpkin material, is a kind of dietary fiber source of high-quality.
Dietary fiber refer in the human small intestine, can not digest and assimilate and in large intestine the general name of the vegetalitas edible part of fermentation or similar carbohydrate wholly or in part; Dietary fiber comprises polysaccharide, oligosaccharides, lignin and corresponding plants composition; Dietary fiber is to defaecation, (or) reducing blood lipid, (or) hypoglycemicly have a useful physiological function.Dietary fiber can be divided into water insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and water-soluble dietary fiber (SDF) two parts.The dietary fiber 99% that nature exists is IDF, SDF different with the effect of IDF in diet (following tables 1).The IDF Main Function produces the mechanical creeping effect in enteron aisle, and SDF then more brings into play metabolic function, as affects carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.The proportion of composing of dietary fiber has a significant impact its function, the scholars such as U.S. Leitz suggestion, and SDF content reached and is only high-quality dietary fiber more than 10% during dietary fiber formed, otherwise can only be known as inserts type dietary fiber.The physiologically active of dietary fiber and functional character are by the structures shape of dietary fiber after all, with distinct methods dietary fiber are carried out modification, change its network structure, can make it have better physiological action.
The physiological function of table 1 IDF and SDF
| Physiological function | Soluble dietary fiber | Insoluble diedairy fiber |
| Chew the time | Shorten | Prolong |
| Gastric transit time | Prolong | Slightly prolong |
| Variation to pH value in the intestines | Reduce | Nothing |
| Combination with bile acid | Not combination | In conjunction with |
| Fermentability | Higher | Extremely |
| Emplastic in the intestines | Increase | Slightly increase |
| The stool amount | Relation is little | Increase |
| Serum cholesterol | Descend | Constant |
| Cholesterol after the food | Suppress to rise | Constant |
| Colorectal cancer | Not obvious | Prevention effect is arranged |
Contain many hydrophilic radicals in the chemical constitution of dietary fiber, have good retentiveness, make it have absorbent function and the effect of prevention of intestinal tract disease, reduced the holdup time of harmful components in enteron aisle.Dietary fiber can close organic compound (organic molecules such as courage such as juice acid, cholesterol, mutagen) by huge legendary turtle, makes it have adsorb organic compound function and angiocardiopathy preventing effect.Comprise hydroxyl and the hydroxyl side-chain radical of some uronic acids in the dietary fiber structure, can carry out reversible exchange with cation, this physicochemical characteristic makes it have ion exchanging function and hypotensive activity.Great many of experiments confirms, dietary fiber can with Ca, Zn, Cu, the cations such as Pb exchange.But this type of is exchanged for reversible, and preferentially exchanges the harmful ion such as Pb, and the harmful ion that is adsorbed on the dietary fiber can be discharged with ight soil, thereby produces detoxication.
Dietary fiber has drainage and the detoxication that improves the intestinal flora function and accelerate noxious material.After the dietary fiber that SNSP forms in the dietary fiber arrives small intestine through esophagus, because it is not absorbed by the decomposition of human body digestive ferment and directly enters large intestine, 100～200 kinds of total amounts are arranged about 100 * 10 in the large intestine breeding
6Individual bacterium.Wherein quite a few is beneficial bacterium, and these bacteriums can carry out take the part dietary fiber as nutrition metabolism, not only breed required energy for flora provides, and produce a large amount of SCFAs, are bringing into play important physiological action.In addition, after can not also can being absorbed water by the dietary fiber that flora ferments, expand, increase weight, excrete in company with the residue of the fermentable fibres form with ight soil, make that ight soil is moistening, soft, amount is many, smooth surface time of staying shortening in large intestine.
The intake of the total dietary fiber that U.S. FDA is recommended is adult 20-35g/d, and it is 22-24g/d that the intake of everyone dietary fiber is recommended by Canada.Chinese Soclety of Nutrition proposed in 2000, the suitable 30.2g/d that takes in of adult's dietary fiber.At European ﹠ American Market, the food that is rich in water-soluble dietary fiber is very welcome, and dietary fiber based food in 2002 is sold the America and Europe and surpassed 35,000,000,000 dollars, and Japan is with the America and Europe, also dietary fiber food very in vogue, the year of dietary fiber based food is sold nearly 10,000,000,000 dollars.In China; show according to residents ' health investigation in 2002; the daily intaking amount of adult's dietary fiber only is 18.7g; 30.2g well below Chinese Soclety of Nutrition's suggestion; investigation in 2004 shows again, and China's overweight rate of being grown up has reached 22.8% (approximately 200,000,000 people), and the dyslipidemia illness rate reaches 18.6% (approximately 1.6 hundred million people); overweight and dyslipidemia crowd is in rapid rising, and the deficiency that dietary fiber is taken in is one of major reason that causes modern disease.
Western developed country is just set about research and development to dietary fiber as far back as the seventies, and American and Britain, moral, method have formed certain industry size, and occupy a tiny space at food products market.The U.S. has set up dietary fiber association (USDA).Make things convenient in the cereal foods selling 6,000,000,000 dollars year, approximately 20% is to be rich in the dietary fiber functional food.The scientists of U.S. Modern High-Tech's means, the golden car Qiangu of palm fibre of the highest excellence has been succeeded in developing " golden paddy fiber king " as raw material take the whole America.The fiber that it contains up to 80% is 5 to 8 times of the known oat that contains high fiber of people.This fiber diet is the very fast fashionable developed regions such as American-European after the U.S. comes out.It is reported, the America and Europe, the year of edible cellulose sells and has reached 10,000,000,000 dollars.
China is the major country of planting in the world pumpkin, and constantly releases per mu yield up to the improved seeds of ten thousand kilograms of 1.5-2.But pumpkin planting pumpkin major part only has the pumpkin fruit less than 30% to be used for food processing and edible in order to obtain pumpkin at present, and nearly 70% pulp have to be let alone to rot because transporting outward to sell with processing, causes the significant wastage of food resource, and is very unfortunate.Therefore, utilize the pumpkin resource of China's abundant, carry out modification with containing a large amount of dietary fibers in the pulp that produces in fresh pumpkin and the pumpkin production process, nutritive value and the medical value of further excavation pumpkin dietary fiber had practical significance.
At present, the method for dietary fiber modification has a variety of, and dietary fiber modification commonly used is processed biological technique method (enzyme process, fermentation method), chemical treatment (mainly containing acid system, alkaline process) and Physical (mechanical degradation facture).Various method of modifying respectively have characteristics for the separate sources dietary fiber, the present invention adopts two high pressure (autoclaving is in conjunction with high-pressure homogeneous) to process simultaneously insoluble diedairy fiber in conjunction with the vacuum microwave method, and with the water-soluble dietary fiber merging of adopting the super technology of filter to obtain, to obtain high level and high-quality pumpkin dietary fiber, the realization pumpkin is adopted the new utilization of rear processing.
(3) summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of take pumpkin as raw material, utilize ultrafiltration, autoclaving in conjunction with high-pressure homogeneous and vacuum microwave treatment process, pumpkin dietary fiber is carried out physical modification, increasing its soluble dietary fibre content, and further improve the method for the physicochemical properties such as its hydratability, adsorptivity.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber, described method is: (1) removes the dry pumpkin fruit of skin through mechanical crushing, crosses 100 mesh sieves, gets pumpkin powder; (2) pumpkin powder is mixed according to mass ratio 1: 20～60 with water, at 40 ℃ of lower lixiviate 90～180min, leaching liquor is centrifugal, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant and the lixiviate, filter residue after the lixiviate is again lixiviate 1 time under similarity condition, the filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant and the secondary lixiviate, merge supernatant twice, supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the milipore filter of 10kD, collect the concentrate of filtration membrane not (when referring to ultrafiltration not the macromolecular substances by milipore filter), for subsequent use; (3) filter residue after the secondary lixiviate that step (2) is obtained is at 115～135 ℃, autoclaving 10～40min under 15～25 atmospheric pressure, filter residue after the acquisition autoclaving, then with the filter residue after the autoclaving further under pressure 6～12MPa condition, the lower high-pressure homogeneous processing of room temperature (20 ± 2 ℃) 5～15 times, each 3～5min that processes, obtain the equal pledge after homogeneous is processed, the concentrate of the not filtration membrane that equal pledge and step (2) are collected mixes, mixture is dry, obtain described pumpkin dietary fiber powder.
Further, the described pumpkin powder of preferred steps (2) mixes according to mass ratio 1: 40～50 with water.
The described extraction time of described step (2) is preferably 150min.
Preferably, the filter residue after the described secondary lixiviate of step (3) is at 120～125 ℃, autoclaving 20～30min under 20 atmospheric pressure.
Further, under pressure 8～10MPa condition, high-pressure homogeneous processing is 6～8 times under the room temperature, processes 3～5min at every turn with the filter residue after the autoclaving for step (3), obtains the equal pledge after homogeneous is processed.
The described microwave vacuum of step (3) is processed and is referred at microwave frequency 2450MHz, microwave power 1kW, and vacuum is under 35～45mmHg, dry 5～10 minutes, obtains described pumpkin dietary fiber powder.
Further, the preparation method of described pumpkin dietary fiber recommends to carry out according to the following steps: (1) removes the dry pumpkin fruit of skin through mechanical crushing, crosses 100 mesh sieves, gets pumpkin powder; (2) pumpkin powder is mixed according to mass ratio with water at 1: 50, at 40 ℃ of lower lixiviate 150min, leaching liquor is centrifugal, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant and the lixiviate, filter residue after the lixiviate is again lixiviate 1 time under similarity condition, gets the filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant and the secondary lixiviate, merges supernatant twice, supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane; (3) filter residue after the secondary lixiviate that step (2) is obtained is at 125 ℃, autoclaving 20min under 20 atmospheric pressure, filter residue after the acquisition autoclaving, then with the filter residue after the autoclaving further under pressure 8MPa condition, high-pressure homogeneous processing is 10 times under the room temperature, each 4min that processes, obtain the equal pledge after homogeneous is processed, the concentrate of the not filtration membrane that equal pledge and step (2) are collected mixes, with mixture at microwave frequency 2450MHz, microwave power 1kW, vacuum is to carry out micro-wave vacuum under 35～45mmHg condition to process 5～10min, obtains described pumpkin dietary fiber powder.
Remove the dry pumpkin fruit of skin in the inventive method through mechanical crushing, cross 60～100 mesh sieves all can, the pumpkin powder that preferred mistake 100 mesh sieves obtain.
Poly (ether sulfone) film with 10kD of the present invention carries out membrane filtration, the preferred tangential flow filtration technology that adopts, be liquid flow direction and filtering direction filtered version in vertical direction, filtering with respect to the vertical current of routine has the rate of filtration that can keep stable, the characteristics that the energy continuous circulation filtered and do not form on the film surface gel layer.
The present invention utilizes ultrafiltration, autoclaving in conjunction with high-pressure homogeneous and vacuum microwave treatment process take pumpkin as raw material, and pumpkin dietary fiber is carried out physical modification.But the technical essential of invention is the hyperfiltration treatment maximum possible and obtains pumpkin water-soluble dietary fiber (SDF), autoclaving is processed pumpkin water insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) in conjunction with high-pressure homogeneous and vacuum microwave treatment process, increase SDF content, and pumpkin IDF active group is fully exposed, the characteristics such as its hydratability of Effective Raise and adsorptivity.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly reflected in:
(1) products made thereby is high dietary-fiber, low fat, (removing the small molecular sugar class) low in calories, and wherein total dietary fiber content can be up to more than 80%, and SDF content reaches more than 15%, the excellent performances such as retention ability, expansive force, absorption natrium nitrosum;
(2) for pumpkin IDF characteristics, at first make pumpkin IDF tissue looseness by the autoclaving technology, the physicochemical properties such as retention ability, expansive force and dissolubility have certain change, and then the cavitation, turbulent flow, collision effect and the shear action that produce by high pressure homogenization technique moment change the granularity of pumpkin IDF particle, thereby make its physicochemical property generation basic change, part IDF is converted into SDF, and the SDF/IDF value increases, and has improved the functional characteristic of pumpkin IDF; The present invention adopts autoclaving in conjunction with high-pressure homogeneous modification technology, and the modification material processed by vacuum microwave again, further improve SDF content, whole technical process is that simple physical method changes the molecular composition ratio of pumpkin IDF and physics and chemistry structure thereof and then affects its functional characteristic, the pumpkin dietary fiber nutrition of acquisition, safe, pollution-free fully;
(3) adopt hyperfiltration treatment to obtain pumpkin SDF, adopt autoclaving in conjunction with high-pressure homogeneous and vacuum microwave treatment process pumpkin IDF to be carried out physics and change life, make final products free from extraneous odour, sensory properties good; SDF content is high, and the SDF/IDF value can increase by 5.12 times; Retention ability by the physical modification pumpkin dietary fiber reaches 8.86g/g, expansive force 10.91mL/g, natrium nitrosum adhesion 172.34 μ g/g, the dietary fiber that obtains than traditional direct employing hot water treatment has improved respectively 3.11 times, 2.20 times, 1.07 times, these process conditions are gentle, environmental protection meets the production requirement of health food.
(4) description of drawings
Fig. 1 nitrite ion calibration curve and linear equation
(5) specific embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in this:
1 material and reagent
Pumpkin (being provided by the Zhejiang Province next gloomy pollution-free industry of richness group company).Before the use, remove the peel, remove flesh, naturally dry after the chopping, mechanical crushing, screening order number is 100 purpose samples, and is for subsequent use.
Total dietary fiber is measured kit (TDF 100A-1KT is available from Sigma-Aldrich), and it is pure that natrium nitrosum, benzinum, NaOH, sodium carbonate, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phenolphthalein, citric acid etc. are analysis.
2 laboratory apparatus
Pulverizer, AL04 type electronic balance, DELTA-320 type pH meter, HH-2 type water-bath, the double-deck constant-temperature table of ZHENGFCHEN, DHG-9240A type air dry oven, DL-5M centrifuge (join and change rotary head), 85-Z magnetic stirring apparatus, T6 new century spectrophotometer, muffle furnace, digestion furnace, dietary fiber are measured system's (comprising CSF6, MULTISTIRRER6 and GDE enzymic digestion assembly, available from Italian VELP SCIENTIFICACo.).
3 experimental techniques
3.1 pumpkin dietary fiber syntheti c route
(1) get fresh pumpkin and remove the peel, remove flesh, naturally dry after the chopping, mechanical crushing is crossed 100 mesh sieves, obtains pumpkin powder; (2) get step (1) pumpkin powder 40g, adding 2000mL water mixes, at 40 ℃ of lower lixiviate 150min, centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant 720mL and the lixiviate, filter residue after the lixiviate extracts under similarity condition 1 time again, the filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant 690mL and the secondary lixiviate, merge supernatant twice, supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane (mainly being the macromolecular substances that did not have film), obtain the 170mL concentrate, for subsequent use; (3) filter residue after the secondary lixiviate of step (2) acquisition is at 125 ℃, autoclaving 20min under 20 atmospheric pressure, filter residue after the acquisition autoclaving, then the filter residue after the autoclaving is put into high pressure homogenizer (NS1001L, Italy) in, under pressure 8MPa condition, the lower high-pressure homogeneous processing of room temperature (20 ℃) 10 times, each 4min that processes, equal pledge after obtaining homogeneous and processing, the concentrate of the not filtration membrane that equal pledge and step (2) are collected mixes, and mixture is carried out the microwave vacuum processing, namely at microwave frequency 2450MHz, microwave power 1kW, vacuum is 45mmHg, dry 8min, make pumpkin dietary fiber 28.36g, the main component of pumpkin dietary fiber sees the following form shown in 2.
3.2 constituent analysis
Moisture: with reference to GB/T5009.3-2010; Dietary fiber content: with reference to AOAC Official Method 985.29/991.42, SDF (%)=TDF (%)-IDF (%) wherein.
3.3 performance evaluation
Expansive force: get 1.000g (M
0) sample (pumpkin dietary fiber of above-mentioned preparation) puts into the 10ml graduated cylinder, surveys dry powder volume V
0Get again M
1(approximately 0.1g) sample adds water to the 10ml place in graduated cylinder, with glass bar it is stirred evenly, and it is fully contacted with water, and 37 ℃ leave standstill 24h (natural subsidence), the volume V after reading it and expanding
1, expansive force is: (M
0V
1-M
1V
0)/M
0M
1Unit: ml/g the results are shown in Table shown in 5.
Retention ability: get 1.000g (M
1) sample places the 100ml beaker, adding distil water 50ml leaves standstill 2h under 37 ℃, and mesh 0.75mm nylon net filter is to anhydrous dripping, and residue moved to claim to get sample weight in wet base M on the balance
2, retention ability is (M
2-M
1)/M
1, unit: g/g the results are shown in Table shown in 5.
In conjunction with nitrite ion (NO
2 -) ability: get the 0.50g sample in the 100ml beaker, add 25ml 100 μ mol/L NaNO
2Solution, adjust pH to 2.0 places the shaking table of 200r/min, 37 ℃ of jolting 2h, the centrifugal 20min of 4000r/min gets supernatant 2ml, presses GB/T5009.33-2010 and measures NO in the solution
2 -Content, calibration curve is seen Fig. 1.According to NO before and after the reaction
2 -Concentration difference (state's calibration method, known in this field) calculate adsorbance, under similarity condition, do blank assay (sample replenishes with deionized water) not add sample simultaneously, the results are shown in Table shown in 3.
Comparative example 1
Get the 40g pumpkin powder (crossing 100 mesh sieves) of above-described embodiment 1 method preparation, adding 2000g water mixes, at 40 ℃ of lower lixiviate 150min, centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min, obtain the filter residue after the lixiviate, filter residue after the lixiviate is extracted under similarity condition 1 time again, centrifugal 30min under the 3000r/min, filter residue after the lixiviate of acquisition secondary, with the filter residue after the secondary lixiviate at 125 ℃, autoclaving 20min under 20 atmospheric pressure, filter residue after the acquisition autoclaving, then the filter residue after the autoclaving is put into high pressure homogenizer, under pressure 8MPa condition, the lower high-pressure homogeneous processing of room temperature (20 ℃) 10 times, each 4min that processes, obtain the equal pledge after homogeneous is processed, equal pledge is carried out microwave vacuum process, namely at microwave frequency 2450MHz, microwave power 1kW, vacuum is 45mmHg, dry 5min makes pumpkin dietary fiber 21.17g, and follow-up product composition and performance evaluation testing procedure and operation are all with embodiment 1, the main component of pumpkin dietary fiber sees the following form shown in 2, and the performance indications of pumpkin dietary fiber see the following form shown in 3.
The main component (accounting for dry weight) of table 2 different disposal technique pumpkin dietary fiber
As shown in Table 2, the treatment process of pumpkin is very large on the impact of pumpkin soluble dietary fiber, and the two high pressure of combining ultrafiltration and vacuum microwave are processed the pumpkin soluble dietary fiber is increased greatly, and insoluble diedairy fiber changes little.Increase hyperfiltration treatment, soluble dietary fiber can increase by 1.55 times.
The performance indications of table 3 different disposal technique pumpkin dietary fiber
As shown in Table 3, the treatment process of pumpkin is larger to the performance impact of dietary fiber, the two high pressure of combining ultrafiltration and vacuum microwave are processed the expansive force that can make pumpkin dietary fiber, retention ability and are obviously improved in conjunction with the nitrite ion ability, increase hyperfiltration treatment, the expansive force of pumpkin dietary fiber, retention ability and improved respectively 1.29 times, 1.21 times, 1.05 times in conjunction with the nitrite ion ability.And no matter the treatment process of pumpkin how, its retention ability is far above grain dietary fiber (2～5g/g).
Comparative example 2
Get the 40g pumpkin powder (crossing 100 mesh sieves) of above-described embodiment 1 method preparation, adding 2000g water mixes, at 40 ℃ of lower lixiviate 150min, centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min, obtain the filter residue after the lixiviate, filter residue after the lixiviate is extracted under similarity condition 1 time again, filter residue after the lixiviate of acquisition secondary, filter residue after the secondary lixiviate is adopted heated-air drying, namely heating 3.5h makes pumpkin dietary fiber 22.84g under 85 ℃ of conditions, the composition of pumpkin dietary fiber and performance evaluation testing procedure and operation are with embodiment 1, and the main component of pumpkin dietary fiber sees the following form shown in 4, and the performance indications of pumpkin dietary fiber see the following form shown in 5.
The main component (accounting for dry weight) of table 4 different disposal technique pumpkin dietary fiber
As shown in Table 4, the treatment process of pumpkin is very large on the impact of pumpkin dietary fiber, compare with traditional hot water treatment, the two high pressure of combining ultrafiltration and vacuum microwave are processed pumpkin total dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber are increased greatly, and insoluble diedairy fiber reduces.Wherein soluble dietary fiber can increase by 4.66 times, and the SDF/IDF value can increase by 5.12 times.
The performance indications of table 5 different disposal technique pumpkin dietary fiber
As shown in Table 5, the treatment process of pumpkin is larger to the performance impact of dietary fiber, the two high pressure of combining ultrafiltration and vacuum microwave are processed the expansive force that can make pumpkin dietary fiber, retention ability and are obviously improved in conjunction with the nitrite ion ability, compare the expansive force of pumpkin dietary fiber, retention ability and improved respectively 3.11 times, 2.20 times, 1.07 times in conjunction with the nitrite ion ability with traditional hot water treatment.
Comparative example 3
Get the 40g pumpkin powder (crossing 100 mesh sieves) of above-described embodiment 1 method preparation, adding 2000g water mixes, at 40 ℃ of lower 150min that extract, centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant 710mL and the lixiviate, filter residue after the lixiviate is extracted under similarity condition 1 time again, the filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant 690mL and the secondary lixiviate, merge supernatant twice, supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane (mainly being the macromolecular substances of not crossing film), get the 162mL concentrate, for subsequent use.Filter residue after the secondary lixiviate is at 125 ℃, autoclaving 20min under 20 atmospheric pressure, filter residue after the acquisition autoclaving, then the filter residue after the autoclaving is put into high pressure homogenizer, under pressure 8MPa condition, high-pressure homogeneous processing is 10 times under the room temperature, each 4min that processes, obtain the equal pledge after homogeneous is processed, equal pledge is mixed with the concentrate (162mL) of the not filtration membrane of above-mentioned collection, mixture is carried out heated-air drying, namely 95 ℃ of dry 4h make pumpkin dietary fiber 28.06g, and follow-up product composition and performance evaluation testing procedure and operation are all with embodiment 1, the main component of pumpkin dietary fiber sees the following form shown in 6, and the performance indications of pumpkin dietary fiber see the following form shown in 7.
The main component (accounting for dry weight) of table 6 different disposal technique pumpkin dietary fiber
As shown in Table 6, the treatment process of pumpkin is larger on the impact of pumpkin soluble dietary fiber, increases the vacuum microwave processing pumpkin soluble dietary fiber is increased greatly, and total dietary fiber changes little.Increase vacuum microwave and process, soluble dietary fiber can increase by 1.38 times.
The performance indications of table 7 different disposal technique pumpkin dietary fiber
As shown in Table 7, the treatment process of pumpkin is larger to the performance impact of dietary fiber, increase vacuum microwave and process the expansive force that can make pumpkin dietary fiber, retention ability and improve in conjunction with the nitrite ion ability, expansive force, retention ability and improved respectively 1.22 times, 1.13 times, 1.03 times in conjunction with the nitrite ion ability.
Get the pumpkin powder 40g of mistake 100 mesh sieves of embodiment 1 method preparation, adding 800g water mixes, at 40 ℃ of lower lixiviate 90min, centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant 230mL and the lixiviate, filter residue after the lixiviate is extracted under similarity condition 1 time again, the filter residue after secondary supernatant 210mL and the secondary lixiviate, merge supernatant twice, supernatant 440mL is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane, get the 85mL concentrate, for subsequent use.Other operations and condition obtain pumpkin dietary fiber 25.67g, total dietary fiber content 84.26%, soluble dietary fibre content 14.16%, expansive force 8.87mL/g with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Get the pumpkin powder 40g of mistake 100 mesh sieves of embodiment 1 method preparation, adding 2400g water mixes, at 40 ℃ of lower lixiviate 180min, centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant 840mL and the lixiviate, filter residue after the lixiviate is extracted under similarity condition 1 time again, the filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant 780mL and the secondary lixiviate, merge supernatant 1620mL twice, supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane, get the 180mL concentrate, for subsequent use.Other operations and condition obtain pumpkin dietary fiber 27.87g, total dietary fiber content 88.19%, soluble dietary fibre content 16.12%, expansive force 9.78mL/g with embodiment 1.
Get the pumpkin powder 40g of mistake 100 mesh sieves of embodiment 1 method preparation, adding 2000mL water mixes, at 40 ℃ of lower lixiviate 150min, centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant 730mL and the lixiviate, filter residue after the lixiviate is extracted under similarity condition 1 time again, the filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant 680mL and the secondary lixiviate, merge supernatant 1410mL twice, supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane, get the 150mL concentrate, for subsequent use.Filter residue after the secondary lixiviate is at 115 ℃, and autoclaving 30min under 25 atmospheric pressure obtains the filter residue after the autoclaving, then the filter residue after the autoclaving is put into high pressure homogenizer, under pressure 6MPa condition, high-pressure homogeneous processing is 15 times under the room temperature, processes 4min at every turn.Other operations and condition obtain pumpkin dietary fiber 27.15g, total dietary fiber content 87.05%, soluble dietary fibre content 15.24%, expansive force 9.18mL/g with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
Get the pumpkin powder 40g of mistake 100 mesh sieves of embodiment 1 method preparation, adding 2000mL water mixes, at 40 ℃ of lower lixiviate 150min, centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant 730mL and the lixiviate, filter residue after the lixiviate is extracted under similarity condition 1 time again, the filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant 680mL and the secondary lixiviate, merge supernatant 1410mL twice, supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane, get the 150mL concentrate, for subsequent use.Filter residue after the secondary lixiviate is at 135 ℃, and autoclaving 40min under 15 atmospheric pressure obtains the filter residue after the autoclaving, then the filter residue after the autoclaving is put into high pressure homogenizer, under pressure 10MPa condition, high-pressure homogeneous processing is 8 times under the room temperature, processes 4min at every turn.Other operations and condition obtain pumpkin dietary fiber 28.07g, total dietary fiber content 87.82%, soluble dietary fibre content 16.75%, expansive force 9.94mL/g with embodiment 1.
Get the pumpkin powder 40g of mistake 100 mesh sieves of embodiment 1 method preparation, adding 1600mL water mixes, at 40 ℃ of lower lixiviate 120min, centrifugal 30min under 3000r/min, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant 630mL and the lixiviate, filter residue after the lixiviate is extracted under similarity condition 1 time again, the filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant 590mL and the secondary lixiviate, merge supernatant 1220mL twice, supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane, get the 110mL concentrate, for subsequent use.Filter residue after the secondary lixiviate is at 130 ℃, and autoclaving 10min under 25 atmospheric pressure obtains the filter residue after the autoclaving, then the filter residue after the autoclaving is put into high pressure homogenizer, under pressure 12MPa condition, high-pressure homogeneous processing is 5 times under the room temperature, processes 4min at every turn.Other operations and condition obtain pumpkin dietary fiber 27.07g, total dietary fiber content 87.22%, soluble dietary fibre content 15.85%, expansive force 9.37mL/g with embodiment 1.
Claims (7)
1. the preparation method of a pumpkin dietary fiber is characterized in that described method is: (1) removes the dry pumpkin fruit of skin through mechanical crushing, crosses 100 mesh sieves, gets pumpkin powder; (2) pumpkin powder is mixed according to mass ratio 1: 20～60 with water, at 40 ℃ of lower lixiviate 90～180min, leaching liquor is centrifugal, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant and the lixiviate, filter residue is again lixiviate 1 time under similarity condition, gets the filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant and the secondary lixiviate, merges supernatant twice, supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the milipore filter of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane; (3) filter residue after the secondary lixiviate that step (2) is obtained is at 115～135 ℃, autoclaving 10～40min under 15～25 atmospheric pressure, filter residue after the acquisition autoclaving, then with the filter residue after the autoclaving under pressure 6～12MPa condition, high-pressure homogeneous processing is 5～15 times under the room temperature, each 3～5min that processes, obtain the equal pledge after homogeneous is processed, the concentrate of the not filtration membrane that equal pledge and step (2) are collected mixes, mixture is dry, obtain described pumpkin dietary fiber powder.
2. the preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the described pumpkin powder of described step (2) mixes according to mass ratio 1: 40～50 with water.
3. the preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the described extraction time of described step (2) is 150min.
4. the preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that filter residue after the described secondary lixiviate of described step (3) at 120～125 ℃, autoclaving 20～30min under 20 atmospheric pressure.
5. the preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described step (3) with the filter residue after the autoclaving under pressure 8～10MPa condition, under the room temperature, high-pressure homogeneous processing 6～8 times, each 3～5min that processes obtains the equal pledge after homogeneous is processed.
6. the preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the described drying of described step (3) is micro-wave vacuum, described microwave frequency 2450MHz, microwave power 1kW, vacuum is 35～45mmHg, dry 5～10 minutes, obtains described pumpkin dietary fiber powder.
7. the preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described method carries out according to the following steps: (1) removes the dry pumpkin fruit of skin through mechanical crushing, crosses 100 mesh sieves, gets pumpkin powder; (2) the pumpkin meal is mixed according to mass ratio with water at 1: 50, at 40 ℃ of lower lixiviate 150min, leaching liquor is centrifugal, the filter residue after a lixiviate supernatant and the lixiviate, filter residue after the lixiviate is again lixiviate 1 time under similarity condition, gets the filter residue after secondary lixiviate supernatant and the secondary lixiviate, merges supernatant twice, supernatant is carried out membrane filtration with the poly (ether sulfone) film of 10kD, collect the not concentrate of filtration membrane; (3) filter residue after the secondary lixiviate that step (2) is obtained is at 125 ℃, autoclaving 20min under 20 atmospheric pressure, filter residue after the acquisition autoclaving, then with the filter residue after the autoclaving under pressure 8MPa condition, under the room temperature, high-pressure homogeneous processing 10 times, each 4min that processes, obtain the equal pledge after homogeneous is processed, the concentrate of the not filtration membrane that equal pledge and step (2) are collected mixes, with mixture at microwave frequency 2450MHz, microwave power 1kW, vacuum is to carry out micro-wave vacuum under 35～45mmHg condition to process 5～10min, obtains described pumpkin dietary fiber powder.
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| CN102875641B (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-12-04 | 东北农业大学 | Method for continuously preparing pumpkin protein, ethanol fuel and dietary fiber |
| CN102960644B (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2014-02-19 | 华南农业大学 | Preparation method of pumpkin dietary fiber and pumpkin dietary fiber |
| CN104207180B (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2017-08-25 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | A kind of preparation method of low fat high dietary-fiber coarse cereals sausage |
| CN104872530B (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2018-05-01 | 武汉轻工大学 | A kind of lotus pod dietary fiber vermicelli and preparation method thereof |
| CN104757060B (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2017-12-19 | 武汉轻工大学 | A kind of seedpod of the lotus dietary fiber cookies and preparation method thereof |
| CN104757061B (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2017-12-19 | 武汉轻工大学 | A kind of seedpod of the lotus dietary fibre cake and preparation method thereof |
| CN106852504A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-06-16 | 重庆都好生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of inoxidizability dietary fiber |
| CN106562217B (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2020-04-10 | 中国计量大学 | Preparation method of sargassum horneri nutritional delicious sauce |
| CN111001395A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-14 | 山东农业大学 | Adsorbent for cholesterol in beef tallow and preparation method thereof |
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