CN102499001A - Method for fruit cracking control for Lingwu long jujube - Google Patents
Method for fruit cracking control for Lingwu long jujube Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for fruit cracking control for Lingwu long jujube, which includes: selecting a yard, cultivating Lingwu long jujube, regulating greenhouse covering time, regulating tree crowns and fruits and flowers, regulating temperature and humidity, regulating nutrition, controlling pests and diseases and the like. The base of a trunk of a Lingwu long jujube tree in a full bearing period is girdled at a position 10-15cm away from the soil, girdling width is no larger than one tenth of the diameter of the trunk, and gibberellin 15-20mg/L is sprayed once to twice during the full-blossom period at an interval of 7-10 days. Nutrients are sprayed to enhance thickness and hardness of fruit peel before flowering of the Lingwu long jujube tree and in the medium and late stage of fruit development. By means of the method, application of advancing maturity to controlling fruit cracking in protected cultivation of Lingwu long jujube is successfully and technically broken through in Jinghai county of Tianjin, the technical problem of fruit cracking which bothers jujube growers for long is solved effectively, yield and quality of fresh jujube are improved, insecticide spraying frequency is reduced, insecticide residue is decreased, the safe and nutritious health food is provided for consumers, a new way of increasing income for jujube farmers is exploited, and remarkable economic benefit and social benefit are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture trees technical field, relate to a kind of method of preventing and treating the smoked red date dehiscent fruit.
Background technology
Development and growth in the living standard along with society; The nutrition and health care of eating jujube raw is worth the approval that more and more obtains people, but the commercially available jujube kind overwhelming majority of eating raw is the winter jujube at present, and its maturing stage is later; In Efficiency in Buildings in Tianjin Area generally in late September-early October; The ripe jujube kind of eating raw in lacking early on the market, therefore in order to compensate its defect, Jinghai County is in Eleventh Five-Year Plan fruit variety structural adjustment and planning; Selected strong stress resistance, in colory morning ripe eat raw smoked red date as the development main breed, plant on a fairly large scale.The smoked red date fruit appearance is beautiful, big or small uniformity, and skin is thin, and is crisp sweet; Succulence, bright jujube sugar content 35.3%, 332.8 milligrams of every hectogram vitamin c content, integrated quality can match in excellence or beauty with the winter jujube; Maturing stage is mid or late August in Jinghai County, is that the kind that jujube goes on the market is at first eaten in present outdoor cropping raw, and the per kilogram average price is 16 yuan now, exceeds 4 yuan for 12 yuan than winter jujube per kilogram average price; And its result early, be prone to the result, output is high, its tree body is less, convenient management is through the scale plantation of more than ten years; The jujube farming has obtained high economic benefit, is that the smoked red date dehiscent fruit is heavier but there are distinct issues in the actual production, and normal time dehiscent fruit rate is about 13%, and serious time dehiscent fruit reaches more than 50%; Especially 2007 because 6, July the weather arid, but to overcast and rainy nearly 20 days continuously mid-August, white ripe phase of smoked red date at a time when this; Sugar content increases gradually, and because of its pericarp is thinner, elasticity reduces, and toughness is relatively poor; The result causes a large amount of dehiscent fruits of smoked red date, and according to smoked red date garden, Jinghai County is investigated, serious plot dehiscent fruit rate reaches 54%, and lost units reaches more than 65%; 1.5 ten thousand mu of the smoked red dates of whole county plantation then, estimated loss gross yield have had a strong impact on output, commodity rate and the jujube farming economic benefit of smoked red date, therefore about 3,900,000 kilograms; In the beginning inventor in 2009 smoked red date dehiscent fruit problem is carried out case study, in the wide Cheng Yuan of Zhang Jia village, the Wang Kou of Jinghai County town horse, set up 1.8 mu of cold canopies of plastics, implement cold canopy cultivation demonstration; And implement simultaneously to spray plant cooperated calcium and Qi Bao-technology such as shrinkage crack agent, through the experiment and demonstration result in 3 years of 2009-2011, make booth smoked red date dehiscent fruit rate all be controlled at below 3%; And per mu yield on average improves 17.5%, and commodity fruit rate reaches more than 98%, and jujube fruit per kilogram price on average improves 6 yuan; Reduce laxative number of times 3 times, 3 years every mu on average increase income and economize on spending 10033 yuan, the effect highly significant; We have grasped the technical method of the control smoked red date dehiscent fruit of system at present, and have driven come study and using of peripheral smoked red date grower, obtain good economic benefit and social benefit.
At present, the technology of tradition control smoked red date dehiscent fruit jujube farming does not aborning cause enough attention to the smoked red date dehiscent fruit, does not understand the reason of smoked red date dehiscent fruit yet; So in control, do not have specific aim, lack the Prevention Technique management of system, therefore can not effectively go to prevent and treat; The method of traditional control smoked red date dehiscent fruit; Mainly be to water, increase orchard humidity, reduce fruit day and burn in the full bearing period and fruit growth later stage; Improve orchard ventilation and penetrating light condition in conjunction with rational pruning; Spray calcium chloride solution 2-3 time of 0.2-0.3% in the fruit growth later stage; Each 10-15 days blanking time, but the smoked red date dehiscent fruit effectively do not prevented and treated all the time, is exactly that normal yield dehiscent fruit rate is about 13% by inquiry; Have a strong impact on yield and quality; Influencing jujube farming economic benefit, is the production difficulty that jujube farming expectation solves, and also is the technical problem that we fruit tree technical staff needs to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
Cultivation method of the present invention; Successfully realized the technological break-through of smoked red date facility cultivation premature ripening control dehiscent fruit in Jinghai County, Tianjin; Effectively overcome the dehiscent fruit technical barrier of long-term puzzlement jujube farming, improved the yield and quality of eating jujube raw, reduced the laxative number of times; Reduce residue of pesticide, the healthy food of safety, nutrition is provided for the consumer.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the invention discloses a kind of method of preventing and treating the smoked red date dehiscent fruit, it is to be undertaken by following step:
(1) selection in field: select clay loam or the sandy loam of PH7.0-7.5, establish water and water condition, the good simple plastic greenhouse of irrigation condition, carry out the cold canopy cultivation of facility; Need 0-7 ℃ low temperature amount 1000-1600 hours;
(2) method of smoked red date cultivation: the cultivation row to be the north and south row to, planting density is 1.0-1.5 * 2.0-2.5 rice, the 178-333 strains are set in 667 square metres of strains of planting;
(3) the button canopy time: at the beginning of button is late Febuary to 3 month the film heating-up time;
(4) tree crown and flowers and fruits regulation and control: smoked red date is selected spindle for use in the canopy, and happy shape is selected at the facility edge for use, and tree height degree is controlled at 2.0-2.5 rice; On trunk according to orientation angles even give birth to 7-9 major branch, to getting into the jujube tree in the full bearing period, be the raising fruit-setting rate; Carry out band girdle in butt 10-15 centimeters; The band girdle width is no more than 1/10 of trunk diameter, sprays gibberellin 1-2 time of 15-20 mg/litre at full-bloom stage, and be 7-8 days blanking time that sprays 2 times;
(5) regulation and control of temperature and humidity: after the button film heats up, regulate and control the temperature and humidity in 5 periods: the 1st, resting stage, 0-7.2 ℃; The 2nd, budding period day temperature 15-18 ℃, nocturnal temperature 7-8 ℃, relative moisture 70-80%; The 3rd, after the rudiment day temperature 17-22 ℃, nocturnal temperature 10-13 ℃, relative moisture 50-60%; The 4th, florescence day temperature 22-30 ℃, nocturnal temperature 15-18 ℃, relative moisture 70-85%, the 5th, 25-30 ℃ of fruit development period day temperature, nocturnal temperature 15-19 ℃, relative moisture is less than 60%; To water 4 water in 1 year by specification requirement simultaneously; Bloom in jujube tree and to spray thickness and the hardness that plant cooperated calcium and Qi Bao-shrinkage crack agent strengthen pericarp in preceding, fruit development mid-term, middle and later periods;
(6) nutrition regulation: at the disposable organic manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed that uses sufficient of mid-October-early November, per 667 square metres of consumption 4000-5000 kilograms; Respectively impose the fruit tree compound fertilizer special 1 time at florescence and fruit expanding period, each every strain topdressing amount 100-150 gram;
(7) diseases and pests controlling: be diluted to 2500-3000 times 10% Imidacloprid liquid for 1 time germinateing respectively to spray with bud stage; Spray again and be diluted to 1500-2000 15% pyridaben missible oil doubly for 2 times; Jujube tree bloom bear fruit the back to gathering preceding 20 days; Spray and be diluted to 1000-1500 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder doubly for 2-3 time, be 15-20 days each blanking time.
Smoked red date dehiscent fruit of the present invention is prevented and treated method, and described 4 water of step (5) wherein refer to: the 1st, freeze water, and refer to pouring water before the frozen soil, the time is in mid or late December, strain irrigation quantity 50-60 kilogram; The 2nd, rudiment water refers to watering before the smoked red date rudiment, watering time at the beginning of 4 months, strain irrigation quantity 40-50 kilogram; The 3rd, the water of blooming refers to the florescence of when the jujube tree amount of blooming reaches 30-40%, carrying out to pour water, and watering time is in late May, strain irrigation quantity 40-50 kilogram; The 4th, swollen fruit water is meant watering of jujube fruit volume expanding stage, and watering time is in late June, strain irrigation quantity 40-50 kilogram.
Smoked red date dehiscent fruit of the present invention is prevented and treated method, sprays plant cooperated calcium and Qi Bao-shrinkage crack agent described in its step (5); Be meant before jujube tree blooms, to spray plant cooperated calcium 1-2 time that the time, be 10-15 days blanking time that sprays 2 times in the first tenday period of a month-May 20 May; Spray plant cooperated calcium after bearing fruit again 1-2 time, the time, be 10-15 days blanking time that sprays 2 times at the early and middle ten days in June; The diluted concentration of plant cooperated calcium is a 400-600 times of liquid.Beginning to spray diluted concentration from late June is doubly Qi Bao of 1000-1500-shrinkage crack agent 2-3 time, and be 10-15 days blanking time at every turn.
The method of smoked red date dehiscent fruit control of the present invention, the wherein said fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed refers to: cow dung, chicken manure or pig manure.The fruit tree compound fertilizer special refers to--and the agricultural fertilizer of Nong Site board, this fertilizer is produced by the Tianjin happy composting of farming Co., Ltd.
The more detailed cultivation method of the present invention is following:
(1) selection in field: select clay loam or sandy loam, PH7.0-7.5 has water to water condition, and irrigation condition is good; Carrying out the cold canopy cultivation of facility needs 0-7.2 ℃ low temperature amount 1000-1600 hours, year sunshine duration 2204-2690 hour, and illumination condition is sufficient, and soil is more fertile; The content of organic matter is more than 1.2%, and this facility is the simple plastic greenhouse that adopts, and makes pillar with concrete, bamboo wood arch canopy; The long 80-100 rice of booth, wide 12-15 rice, area 960-1500 square metre, ceiling height 2.8-3.2 rice;
(2) method of smoked red date cultivation: the cultivation row to be the north and south row to, planting density is a 1.0-1.5X2.0-2.5 rice, the 178-333 strains are set in 667 square metres of strains of planting;
(3) the button canopy time: at the beginning of the button film heating-up time that Efficiency in Buildings in Tianjin Area is suitable is late Febuary to 3 month;
(4) tree crown and flowers and fruits regulation and control: smoked red date is selected spindle for use in the canopy; Happy shape is selected at the facility edge for use; Tree height degree is controlled at 2.0-2.5 rice, on trunk according to orientation angles even give birth to 7-9 major branch and be advisable, to major branch too upright draw the make progress state of 70-80 ° of inclination of an one-tenth level; For improving fruit-setting rate; To getting into the jujube tree in the full bearing period, can carry out band girdle in butt 10-15 centimeters, the band girdle width is no more than 1/10 of trunk diameter; Whenever sprayed the gibberellin of a 15-20 mg/litre at a distance from 7 days at full-bloom stage; Spray 1-2 time, gibberellin is produced by Qingdao hundred standing grain source biotechnology Co., Ltds, buys Jinghai County Agricultural Technology Spreading Centre's plant protection unit in Tianjin.Because of air humidity in the canopy is bigger, lack pollination medium in addition, strengthen pollination, in cold canopy, place 1 hive bee and get final product so the florescence need put honeybee.
(5) regulation and control of temperature and humidity: after the button film heats up, be in strict accordance with smoked red date different growing demand through control such as the measure that hides, ventilates, waters temperature and humidity.Mainly be the temperature and humidity regulation and control in 5 periods: the 1st, resting stage, 0-7.2 ℃; The 2nd, budding period day temperature 15-18 ℃, nocturnal temperature 7-8 ℃, relative moisture 70-80%; The 3rd, after the rudiment day temperature 17-22 ℃, nocturnal temperature 10-13 ℃, relative moisture 50-60%; The 4th, florescence day temperature 22-30 ℃, nocturnal temperature 15-18 ℃, relative moisture 70-85%, the 5th, 25-30 ℃ of fruit development period day temperature, nocturnal temperature 15-19 ℃, relative moisture is less than 60%.Just passable to water tree dish of the smoked red date in the facility, not broad irrigation, the number of times that waters is too much unsuitable, waters at every turn that it is permeable to water, and in time ploughs deeply the tree dish after watering root system is breathed freely.
(6) nutrition regulation: at the disposable fertilizer (like cow dung, chicken manure, pig manure etc.) that becomes thoroughly decomposed, the per 667 square metres of consumption 4000-5000 kilograms of using sufficient of mid-October-early November; At the florescence is that late May and fruit expanding period are late June respectively to impose the fruit tree compound fertilizer special--agricultural fertile 1 time of Nong Site board; This fertilizer is produced by the Tianjin happy composting of farming Co., Ltd; Fertilizer is bought from manufacturer; Each every strain topdressing amount 100-150 gram digs vesicle and applies and get final product in tree dish periphery, the combination of fertilising back is watered.
(7) diseases and pests controlling: because the covering of plastic greenhouse is arranged, make in the canopy cross-infection that does not have insect pest and disease with extraneous open country jujube garden, so as long as behind the button canopy, in time thoughtfully targetedly sick, worm are gone and buy Chinese medicine, damage by disease and insect just can be effectively controlled.In the demonstration canopy that we carry out, each has beaten Imidacloprid 1 time with bud stage germinateing, and has has just effectively prevented and treated Lygus eucorum Meyer-Dur and the harm of eating bud silk worm first, but open country gone and buy Chinese medicine 4-5 time, 10% imidacloprid wettable powder working concentration is a 2500-3000 times of liquid.Medicine is generally sprayed in the harm of attention control two spotted spider mite in canopy in addition 2 times, and effective agent is 15% pyridaben missible oil 1500-2000 times.Disease also will be prevented in the canopy, blooms in jujube tree and bears fruit the back to gathering preceding 20 days, whenever at a distance from 15-20 days, sprays high-efficiency low-toxicity broad spectrum activity systemic fungicide 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 1 time, and suitable concentration is 1000-1500 times.
(8) spray plant cooperated calcium and Qi Bao-shrinkage crack agent control dehiscent fruit:
Plant cooperated calcium period of spraying is before jujube tree blooms, to spray 1-2 time, and the time is in the first tenday period of a month-May 20 May; After bearing fruit, spray 1-2 time, the time is at the early and middle ten days in June; As spray 2 times, be 10-15 days its blanking time, spraying concentration is 400-600 times; The time of spraying of Qi Bao-shrinkage crack agent is from late June, sprays 2-3 time altogether, and be 10-15 days each blanking time, and spraying concentration is 1000-1500 times.
4 water according to the invention refer to: the 1st, freeze water, and refer to pouring water before the frozen soil, must water big flood specifically, to irritate foot and irritate and pass through, the time is in mid or late December, strain irrigation quantity 50-60 kilogram; The 2nd, rudiment water refers to watering before the smoked red date rudiment, and this moment, root system came into play, and resin begins to flow, and acrial part is about to rudiment, is the critical period that jujube tree needs water, helps improving the regularity of smoked red date rudiment, promotes the ramp of organ in early spring.Watering time at the beginning of 4 months, strain irrigation quantity 40-50 kilogram; The 3rd, the water of blooming refers to when the jujube tree amount of blooming reaches 30-40%, and the florescence of carrying out pours water, and the air humidity that the jujube tree florescence requires is more than 80%; But at we weather of high temperature, arid just, regular meeting makes jujube flower form " burnt flower " at Efficiency in Buildings in Tianjin Area jujube tree florescence, and influence is beared fruit; Florescence waters, and can increase air humidity, helps jujube tree pollination fertilization; Improve fruit-setting rate, watering time is in late May, strain irrigation quantity 40-50 kilogram; The 4th, swollen fruit water is meant watering of jujube fruit volume expanding stage, and the time should be watered before the phase at physiological fallen fruit and executed; Water and not only can expand fruit rapidly this moment; And can also play important effect to reducing physiological fallen fruit and anti-sunscald, watering time is in late June, strain irrigation quantity 40-50 kilogram.
What explain especially is:
(1) reason of smoked red date dehiscent fruit: the smoked red date dehiscent fruit is that the fluctuation of jujube fruit change of soil water content is too big and a kind of physiological dehiscent fruit that causes mostly occurred at smoked red date before and after the white ripe phase, and dehiscent fruit mainly is because of the undue arid of smoked red date fruit growth soil in early stage; And temperature was higher at that time, and fruit is rising to be strengthened, and the moisture that fruit loses can not get in time replenishing; Make pericarp that a day burning take place; Form the small breach that much can not heal on pericarp surface, these breaches run into continuous rainfall or night condensation weather, the rain and dew that remained in for a long time on the face will infiltrate in the pulp through the sunscald mouth; Cause flesh cell to expand; Pericarp will be that swollen splitting taken place at the center with the sunscald mouth when increasing to a certain degree, and breach has lobe, transverse fissure, staggered splitting, and these split jujube and rot to lose commodity value.To the dehiscent fruit reason, create relatively gentleer mild environment such as a moisture content, temperature, illumination to smoked red date, be the requirement that alleviates and overcome the smoked red date dehiscent fruit.
(2) smoked red date establishment planting technology method: the smoked red date natural dormancy period, is shorter, and the chilling requirement of jujube tree needs 0-7.2 ℃ low temperature amount 1000-1600 hours.The smoked red date pollen amount is big, the self-flowering fruiting rate is high, the result is stable, the tree body is controlled easily, and these characteristics have confirmed that smoked red date is the kind of relatively more suitable facility cultivation, it is implemented cold canopy cultivation have scientific basis.Smoked red date is carried out facility cultivation; Water and fertilizer management is than standard, and each item technical management measures is more timely, and the jujube fruit always is under the metastable growing environment condition; A day burning phenomenon can not take place; Because of in booth, growing, can avoid the influence of rainy season and condensation weather, can not make jujube fruit surface form rain and dew infiltration pulp and cause the jujube dehiscent fruit that really expands.But facility smoked red date ripen in advance 20-25 days, before its white ripe phase can advance to by the end of July, the maturing stage advanceed to early August, just in time filled up by the end of July the blank that market at the beginning of-8 months does not have the jujube fruit, and the jujube farming can obtain higher income.
The plant cooperated calcium that the present invention selected for use is a plant nutrient liquor, and be before jujube tree blooms, to spray 1-2 time the period of spraying, and the time is in the first tenday period of a month-May 20 May; After bearing fruit, spray 1-2 time, the time is at the early and middle ten days in June, as sprays 2 times; Be 10-15 days its blanking time, and spraying concentration is 400-600 times, and this product is studied by agrochemistry research institute of Northwest University; Development Co., Ltd produces by the rich common people's biochemical technology in Shaanxi, purchases the plant protection unit in Jinghai County Agricultural Technology Spreading Centre.
The plant cooperated calcium plant nutrition liquid of rich common people's board; Can give full play to the synergistic effect of active peptides organic calcium and other element after the use; Make the fabulous conspiracy relation of formation between calcium and nitrogen phosphorus potassium and other trace element; Effectively enhancement of plant absorbs, utilizes, makes the efficient and the photosynthetic efficiency of nutrition, obviously improves the resistance of plant, can effectively prevent and prevent and treat the dehiscent fruit of smoked red date.Spray this agent and can regulate jujube fruit nutrient component, make the balanced growth of juice and cortical tissue in the fruit, increase cortical tissue's elasticity; Do not influence the fructus corni quality, effectively alleviate dehiscent fruit, promote the jujube fruit bright and clean gorgeous increase sweet; Improve jujube fruit matter, strengthen jujube fruit tree immunity, increasing both production and income is extremely remarkable.
Qi Bao-shrinkage crack agent is a plant growth regulators; Begin to spray 2-3 Qi Bao-shrinkage crack agent from late June; Be 10-15 days each blanking time; Spraying concentration is 1000-1500 times, and this product is formed through grinding examination for many years by the fruit tree expert of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, is produced by Cangzhou, Hebei province Qi Baonongization Co., Ltd.Mainly be that conditioning jujube fruit development growth before ripe is balanced, the novel technical method control dehiscent fruit of boron, zinc supplementation, benefit potassium is replenished the calcium, is mended in utilization simultaneously.
3 years demonstration results: 2009,2010,2011 hundred jujubes hang the dehiscent fruit rate and are respectively 2.9%, 2.8%, 2.3%; In whole booth, almost can't see the dehiscent fruit phenomenon, fruit surface smooth is painted vivid; Do sth. in advance 20-25 days maturations than outdoor cropping smoked red date, the maturing stage is early August in Mare Tranquillitatis.
This The Application of Technology has successfully realized the technological break-through of smoked red date facility cultivation premature ripening control dehiscent fruit in Jinghai County, Tianjin, instruct and drive shaping up of county's jujube tree facility cultivation; The demonstration of jujube tree establishment planting technology and lead the effect effect outstanding has further improved the scientific and technological content that county jujube tree produces, and has effectively overcome the dehiscent fruit technical barrier of long-term puzzlement jujube farming; Improved the yield and quality of eating jujube raw; Reduce the laxative number of times, keep the ecological balance, reduce residue of pesticide; The healthy food of safety, nutrition is provided for the consumer; For producing green fruit from now on and organic fruit provides scientific basis, opened up a new way for jujube farming increase wealth, obtain remarkable economic efficiency, social benefit and ecological benefits.Analyze according to Chinese jujube industry specialists, the bright jujube industry of China will realize the great-leap-forward great development with better mouthfeel, higher nutrition, stronger domestic and international market compatibility from now on.Bright jujube industrial prospect is brilliant, and we will put forth effort to make technological knowledge popular from now on.
Adopt the technical indicator of booth smoked red date of method of the present invention cultivation following:
| Title | Characteristics |
| Strong stress resistance | Prevent dehiscent fruit, the shedding of anti-fallen leaves, alleviate damage by disease and insect, drought resisting, cold-resistant |
| Sugar content | Sugar content improves 0.6% |
| Toughness | The pulp consolidation, toughness increases, and pericarp thickens |
| The dehiscent fruit rate | Below 3% |
| Food bud silk worm first | Do not have |
| Lygus eucorum Meyer-Dur | On a small quantity |
| The fruit face | Smooth, clean, color and luster is vivid, painted big |
| Ripe | Ripen in advance 20-25 days |
The good effect that control smoked red date dehiscent fruit method disclosed by the invention is compared with prior art had is:
(1) effect of anti-cracking is remarkable.Prior art control dehiscent fruit, and is implemented and should continuous 3 years dehiscent fruit rates of technology all be controlled at below 3% also about 13% in normal time dehiscent fruit rate, and jujube fruit commodity rate reaches more than 98%, and effect is remarkable.
(2) jujube fruit ripen in advance.This technology is through implementing facility cultivation; Changed jujube fruit growing environment, impelled jujube fruit ripen in advance 20-25 days, filled up and eaten jujube deficiency of less types 7-8 month raw; Prolonged the supply phase of eating jujube market raw, alleviated and eaten the market pressure that jujube late variety is concentrated listing raw.
(3) improve output, improve quality.Through demonstration in 3 years, on average improve 17.5% than outdoor cropping per mu yield, 175 kilograms of the average raising the output of mu.And jujube fruit smooth in appearance in the canopy, color and luster is vivid, and epidermis does not have dust and adheres to, and bright jujube sugar content is 35.9%, and mouthfeel is crisp sweet, and obvious fragrant is arranged, and jujube fruit matter obviously is better than the open country fruit in the canopy.
(4) economic benefit, social benefit, ecological benefits are remarkable.The smoked red date ripen in advance is 20-25 days in the canopy, and 22 yuan of the average prices of market per kilogram improve 6 yuan than open country fruit per kilogram price, presses 175 kilograms of calculating of every mu of average raising the output of jujube in the canopy, every mu of average 9850 yuan of economic benefit that increase;
The every mu of calculating 1175*22-1000*16=25850-16000=9850 unit that increases benefit.
And every mu of decreased average laxative of jujube number of times 3 times in the canopy, average every mu is reduced by 183 yuan of manual work and laxative costs, therefore increases income and economizes on spending 10033 yuan, remarkable in economical benefits for every mu; The cultivation demonstration of facility smoked red date has realized that jujube carries out the history breakthrough of facility cultivation in Jinghai County, and Jinghai County's fruit tree industry restructuring and optimization have been played demonstration and led effect; Simultaneously because the premature ripening of facility smoked red date; Enrich the market supply in dull season of jujube fruit, enriched consumer's non-staple food structure, improved the commodity value of jujube fruit; Make growth of agricultural efficiency, farmer richness.Because this technology reduces the laxative number of times, has protected natural enemy, has kept the ecological balance; Reduce jujube and really pollute, reduced the residue of pesticide of jujube fruit, scientific basis is provided for producing green fruit and organic fruit; Therefore; The invention of this technology uses, and realized the common development of economic benefit, social benefit, ecological benefits, meets modern agricultural development trend and requirement.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with preferred embodiment, the present invention is done further description, what explain especially is that the gingival cyst of mucous gland in the newborn jujube tree that the present invention adopted is bought in Shijiazhuang Fruit Trees Inst., Agriculture and Forestry Inst., HeBei Prov.; Fruit tree compound fertilizer special-agricultural fertilizer of Nong Site board is bought the happy composting of the farming Co., Ltd in-Tianjin.The plant protection unit in Jinghai County Agricultural Technology Spreading Centre is bought in plant cooperated calcium and Qi Bao-shrinkage crack agent, and used reality all has commercially available.
Embodiment 1
(1) selection in field: the field is chosen in justice ferry, Mare Tranquillitatis town, Jinghai County, Tianjin village, and this plot P in soil H7.3-7.5 is clay loam; Establish water and water condition, the good simple plastic greenhouse of irrigation condition, booth is made pillar with concrete, bamboo wood arch canopy; Long 100 meters of booth, 12 meters of spans, the ceiling height is 3 meters; 1200 square metres of areas carry out the cold canopy cultivation of facility; Local 7 ℃ low temperature amount remained on 1200 hours;
(2) method of smoked red date cultivation: the age of tree 5 years, the cultivation row to be the north and south row to, planting density is a 1.5X2.0 rice, 222 strains are set in 667 square metres of strains of planting;
(3) the button canopy time: the button film heating-up time is March 2;
(4) tree crown and flowers and fruits regulation and control: smoked red date is selected spindle for use in the canopy, and happy shape is selected at the facility edge for use, and tree height degree is controlled at 2.5 meters; On trunk according to orientation angles even give birth to 7 major branches; For improving fruit-setting rate, carry out band girdle in butt 10 centimeters the full bearing period, 0.8 centimetre of band girdle width; Sprayed the gibberellin of 1 time 15 mg/litre on the 2nd day behind the band girdle, at a distance from the gibberellin of the 2nd 15 mg/litre of spray in 7 days;
(5) regulation and control of temperature and humidity: after the button film heats up, regulate and control the temperature and humidity in 5 periods: the 1st, resting stage, 7 ℃; The 2nd, 15 ℃ of budding period day temperatures, 8 ℃ of nocturnal temperatures, relative moisture 70%; The 3rd, day temperature is 17 ℃ after the rudiment, 10 ℃ of nocturnal temperatures, relative moisture 50%; The 4th, 22 ℃ of florescence day temperatures, 15 ℃ of nocturnal temperatures, relative moisture 70%, 5th, 27 ℃ of fruit development period day temperatures, 16 ℃ of nocturnal temperatures, relative moisture is less than 60%; To water 4 water in 1 year by specification requirement simultaneously; The 1st, freeze water, before frozen soil, to pour water, the time is December 14,50 kilograms of strain irrigation quantities; The 2nd, rudiment water waters before the smoked red date rudiment, and watering time is April 4,40 kilograms of strain irrigation quantities; The 3rd, the water of blooming reaches pouring water of carrying out at 30% o'clock in the jujube tree amount of blooming, and watering time is May 23,40 kilograms of strain irrigation quantities; The 4th, swollen fruit water, watering of jujube fruit volume expanding stage, watering time is June 23,40 kilograms of strain irrigation quantities.Be May before fruit is bloomed with bear fruit after be respectively to spray plant cooperated calcium June 1 time, spraying concentration is 400 times of liquid; And then June and July spray 2 Qi Bao-shrinkage crack agent, spraying concentration is 1000 times of liquid, to strengthen the thickness and the hardness of pericarp;
(6) nutrition regulation: at the disposable fertilizer (cow dung, chicken manure or pig manure) that becomes thoroughly decomposed, 4000 kilograms of the per 667 square metres of consumptions of using sufficient mid-October; Respectively impose fruit tree compound fertilizer special-Nong Site board agricultural fertile 1 time at florescence and fruit expanding period, each every strain topdressing amount 150 grams;
(7) diseases and pests controlling: germinate and bud stage each make a call to and be diluted to 2500 times 10% Imidacloprid liquid for 1 time; Make a call to again and be diluted to 1500 times 15% pyridaben missible oil for 2 times; Jujube tree bloom bear fruit the back to gathering preceding 20 days; Every interval 20 days sprays and is diluted to 1500 times 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder for 1 time, sprays altogether 2 times.
Spray plant cooperated calcium and Qi Bao-shrinkage crack agent described in the step (5); Be meant before jujube tree blooms He after bearing fruit respectively to spray plant cooperated calcium 1 time, diluted concentration is 400 times of liquid, and the time sprays after bearing fruit 1 time in the first tenday period of a month-May 20 May again, and the time is at the early and middle ten days in June; Beginning to spray diluted concentration from late June is 1000 times Qi Bao-shrinkage crack agent 2 times, the time be early June to late July, be 10-15 days each blanking time.
Investigation in 2009, this facility smoked red date maturation time is August 4, the dehiscent fruit rate is 2.8%; Every per mu yield is 1186 kilograms, and the market price is 22 yuan of per kilograms, and every per mu yield value is 26092 yuan; Investigating outdoor cropping smoked red date maturation time then is August 26, and the dehiscent fruit rate is 11%, and every per mu yield is 1028 kilograms; The market price is 16 yuan of per kilograms, and every per mu yield value is 16448 yuan; The facility cultivation smoked red date improves 158 kilograms than the every per mu yield of open country, improves 15.3%, and the per mu yield value improves 9644 yuan, and the dehiscent fruit rate reduces by 8.2 percentage points; This facility smoked red date was gone and buy Chinese medicine 7 times in 1 year, and the open country smoked red date is gone and buy Chinese medicine 11 times, and the facility smoked red date is saved 552 yuan of laxative costs.Therefore the facility cultivation smoked red date is increased income and economized on spending 10196 yuan for every mu.Therefore the anti-dehiscent fruit effect of facility cultivation smoked red date is fairly obvious, the jujube highly significant that really rises in value.
Embodiment 2
(1) selection in field: the field is chosen in Xu Bao village, Beichen District twoport town, Tianjin, and PH7.0-7.5 is a sandy loam, and the content of organic matter is more than 1.2%; Establish water and water condition, the good simple plastic greenhouse of irrigation condition, North and South direction, concrete pillar; Bamboo wood arch canopy, span 12-15 rice, length 80-100 rice; 3 meters of ceiling height are selected for use and are not had the PE film of dripping, and carry out the cold canopy cultivation of facility; 5 ℃ low temperature amount 1600 hours;
(2) method of smoked red date cultivation: the cultivation row to be the north and south row to, planting density is a 1.0X2.0 rice, 333 strains are set in 667 square metres of strains of planting;
(3) the button canopy time: the button film heating-up time is at the beginning of 3 months;
(4) tree crown and flowers and fruits regulation and control: smoked red date is selected spindle for use in the canopy; Happy shape is selected at the facility edge for use; Tree height degree is controlled at 2.5 meters, on trunk according to orientation angles even give birth to 9 major branches, carry out band girdle at the smoked red date full-bloom stage; 1.0 centimetres of width, the gibberellin that 1 concentration of spray in the 3rd day is 20 mg/litre behind the band girdle;
(5) regulation and control of temperature and humidity:
After the button film heats up, regulate and control the temperature and humidity in 5 periods: the 1st, resting stage, 5 ℃; The 2nd, 18 ℃ of budding period day temperatures, 8 ℃ of nocturnal temperatures, relative moisture 80%; The 3rd, day temperature is 22 ℃ after the rudiment, 13 ℃ of nocturnal temperatures, relative moisture 60%; The 4th, 28 ℃ of florescence day temperatures, 17 ℃ of nocturnal temperatures, relative moisture 70%, 5th, 30 ℃ of fruit development period day temperatures, 19 ℃ of nocturnal temperatures, relative moisture is less than 60%; To water 4 water in 1 year by specification requirement simultaneously; Described 4 water refer to: the 1st, freeze water, and refer to pouring water before the frozen soil, the time is in mid or late December, 60 kilograms of strain irrigation quantities; The 2nd, rudiment water is watering before the smoked red date rudiment, watering time at the beginning of 4 months, 50 kilograms of strain irrigation quantities; The 3rd, the water of blooming is to reach the florescence of carrying out at 40% o'clock in the jujube tree amount of blooming to pour water, and watering time is in late May, 50 kilograms of strain irrigation quantities; The 4th, swollen fruit water is watering of jujube fruit volume expanding stage, and watering time is in late June, 50 kilograms of strain irrigation quantities.Fruit bloom preceding, grow and to spray thickness and the hardness that plant cooperated calcium and Qi Bao-shrinkage crack agent strengthen pericarp in mid-term, middle and later periods.
(6) nutrition regulation: at the disposable fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed that uses sufficient mid-October, 5000 kilograms of per 667 square metres of consumptions; Respectively impose the agricultural fertilizer of 1 time-Nong Site of fruit tree compound fertilizer special board at florescence and fruit expanding period, each every strain topdressing amount 150 grams;
(7) diseases and pests controlling: germinate and bud stage each make a call to and be diluted to 3000 times 10% Imidacloprid liquid for 1 time; Make a call to again and be diluted to 2000 times 15% pyridaben missible oil for 2 times; Jujube tree bloom bear fruit the back to gathering preceding 20 days; Every at a distance from 20 days, spray and be diluted to 1500 times 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder for 1 time, spray altogether 2 times.
Spray plant cooperated calcium and Qi Bao-shrinkage crack agent described in the step (5); Be meant before jujube tree blooms, to spray 2 times, diluted concentration is 500 times of plant cooperated calcium, and the time sprays after bearing fruit 2 times in the first tenday period of a month in May again, and the time, be 10 days its blanking time when spraying 2 times at the early and middle ten days in June; Beginning to spray diluted concentration from late June is 1500 times Qi Bao-shrinkage crack agent 3 times, and be 10-15 days each blanking time.
Investigation in 2010, this facility smoked red date maturation time is August 4, the dehiscent fruit rate is 2.9%; Every per mu yield is 1257 kilograms, and the market price is 22 yuan of per kilograms, and every per mu yield value is 27654 yuan; Investigating outdoor cropping smoked red date maturation time then is August 26, and the dehiscent fruit rate is 11.3%, and every per mu yield is 1047 kilograms; The market price is 16 yuan of per kilograms, and every per mu yield value is 16752 yuan; The facility cultivation smoked red date improves 210 kilograms than the every per mu yield of open country, improves 19.1%, and the per mu yield value improves 11102 yuan, and the dehiscent fruit rate reduces by 8.4 percentage points; This facility smoked red date was gone and buy Chinese medicine 6 times in 1 year, and the open country smoked red date is gone and buy Chinese medicine 11 times, and the facility smoked red date is saved 690 yuan of laxative costs.Therefore the facility cultivation smoked red date is increased income and economized on spending 11792 yuan for every mu.But fairly obvious by the anti-dehiscent fruit effect of last tooth jujube, jujube fruit fruit face is bright and clean, and color and luster is vivid, and pulp is crisp sweet, and integrated quality is good, and economic benefit obviously improves.
Claims (4)
1. a method of preventing and treating the smoked red date dehiscent fruit is characterized in that, is undertaken by following step:
(1) selection in field: select clay loam or the sandy loam of PH7.0-7.5, establish water and water condition, the good simple plastic greenhouse of irrigation condition, carry out the cold canopy cultivation of facility; Need 0-7 ℃ low temperature amount 1000-1600 hours;
(2) method of smoked red date cultivation: the cultivation row to be the north and south row to, planting density is 1.0-1.5 * 2.0-2.5 rice, the 178-333 strains are set in 667 square metres of strains of planting;
(3) the button canopy time: at the beginning of button is late Febuary to 3 month the film heating-up time;
(4) tree crown and flowers and fruits regulation and control: smoked red date is selected spindle for use in the canopy, and happy shape is selected at the facility edge for use, and tree height degree is controlled at 2.0-2.5 rice; On trunk according to orientation angles even give birth to 7-9 major branch, to getting into the jujube tree in the full bearing period, be the raising fruit-setting rate; Carry out band girdle in butt 10-15 centimeters; The band girdle width is no more than 1/10 of trunk diameter, sprays gibberellin 1-2 time of 15-20 mg/litre at full-bloom stage, and be 7-8 days blanking time that sprays 2 times;
(5) regulation and control of temperature and humidity: after the button film heats up, regulate and control the temperature and humidity in 5 periods: the 1st, resting stage, 0-7.2 ℃; The 2nd, budding period day temperature 15-18 ℃, nocturnal temperature 7-8 ℃, relative moisture 70-80%; The 3rd, after the rudiment day temperature 17-22 ℃, nocturnal temperature 10-13 ℃, relative moisture 50-60%; The 4th, florescence day temperature 22-30 ℃, nocturnal temperature 15-18 ℃, relative moisture 70-85%, the 5th, 25-30 ℃ of fruit development period day temperature, nocturnal temperature 15-19 ℃, relative moisture is less than 60%; To water 4 water in 1 year by specification requirement simultaneously; Bloom in jujube tree and to spray thickness and the hardness that plant cooperated calcium and Qi Bao-shrinkage crack agent strengthen pericarp in preceding, fruit development mid-term, middle and later periods;
(6) nutrition regulation: at the disposable organic manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed that uses sufficient of mid-October-early November, per 667 square metres of consumption 4000-5000 kilograms; Respectively impose the fruit tree compound fertilizer special 1 time at florescence and fruit expanding period, each every strain topdressing amount 100-150 gram;
(7) diseases and pests controlling: be diluted to 2500-3000 times 10% Imidacloprid liquid for 1 time germinateing respectively to spray with bud stage; Spray again and be diluted to 1500-2000 15% pyridaben missible oil doubly for 2 times; Jujube tree bloom bear fruit the back to gathering preceding 20 days; Spray and be diluted to 1000-1500 70% thiophanate methyl wetting powder doubly for 2-3 time, be 15-20 days each blanking time.
2. the described smoked red date dehiscent fruit of claim 1 is prevented and treated method, and described 4 water of step (5) wherein refer to: the 1st, freeze water, and refer to pouring water before the frozen soil, the time is in mid or late December, strain irrigation quantity 50-60 kilogram; The 2nd, rudiment water refers to watering before the smoked red date rudiment, watering time at the beginning of 4 months, strain irrigation quantity 40-50 kilogram; The 3rd, the water of blooming refers to the florescence of when the jujube tree amount of blooming reaches 30-40%, carrying out to pour water, and watering time is in late May, strain irrigation quantity 40-50 kilogram; The 4th, swollen fruit water is meant watering of jujube fruit volume expanding stage, and watering time is in late June, strain irrigation quantity 40-50 kilogram.
3. the described smoked red date dehiscent fruit of claim 1 is prevented and treated method, sprays plant cooperated calcium and Qi Bao-shrinkage crack agent described in its step (5); Be meant before jujube tree blooms, to spray plant cooperated calcium 1-2 time that the time, to the middle ten days, be 10-15 days blanking time that sprays 2 times on May; Spray plant cooperated calcium after bearing fruit again 1-2 time, the time, be 10-15 days blanking time that sprays 2 times at the early and middle ten days in June; The diluted concentration of plant cooperated calcium is a 400-600 times of liquid, and beginning to spray diluted concentration from late June is doubly Qi Bao of 1000-1500-shrinkage crack agent 2-3 time, and be 10-15 days blanking time at every turn.
4. require the method for 1 described smoked red date dehiscent fruit control, the wherein said fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed refers to: cow dung, chicken manure or pig manure.
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| CN105850475A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-08-17 | 梁友盛 | Method for cultivating winter jujubes in greenhouse |
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| CN107853060A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-03-30 | 明光现代农业科技合作推广服务中心 | A kind of method for controlling jujube tree field dehiscent fruit |
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