CN102484145A - Uv稳定的光伏组件 - Google Patents
Uv稳定的光伏组件 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102484145A CN102484145A CN201080036848XA CN201080036848A CN102484145A CN 102484145 A CN102484145 A CN 102484145A CN 201080036848X A CN201080036848X A CN 201080036848XA CN 201080036848 A CN201080036848 A CN 201080036848A CN 102484145 A CN102484145 A CN 102484145A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- butyl
- photovoltaic module
- alkyl
- component
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 cyclic olefin Chemical class 0.000 claims description 122
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004713 Cyclic olefin copolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine Chemical class CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 36
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 35
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 24
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical class CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 17
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous diethylene glycol Natural products OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 11
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl pentane Natural products CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 10
- FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrotriazine Chemical compound C1NNNC=C1 FIDRAVVQGKNYQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 0 *c1cc(O*)ccc1-c1nc(-c(ccc(O*)c2)c2O*)nc(-c(ccc(O*)c2)c2O)n1 Chemical compound *c1cc(O*)ccc1-c1nc(-c(ccc(O*)c2)c2O*)nc(-c(ccc(O*)c2)c2O)n1 0.000 description 8
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 5
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 5
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 5
- OKIRBHVFJGXOIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(propan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C OKIRBHVFJGXOIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UUABJBNMBCIBFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCCOCC(O)S(O)(=O)=O UUABJBNMBCIBFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GLDQAMYCGOIJDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(O)=C1O GLDQAMYCGOIJDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HTSVYUUXJSMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine Chemical class ClC1=NC=NC=N1 HTSVYUUXJSMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZPIRWAHWDCHWLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylsulfanylethanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCSCCO ZPIRWAHWDCHWLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BGQNNKZAJXZSPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,6-dimethylheptane-1,6-diol Chemical compound CC(O)(C)C(C)CCCCO BGQNNKZAJXZSPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical class CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 229940051250 hexylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 4
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- UYBZRNZWRIJUEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-ethoxyoxamide Chemical class CCONC(=O)C(N)=O UYBZRNZWRIJUEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N (5e)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound C1C2C(=C/C)/CC1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000000182 1,3,5-triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GXURZKWLMYOCDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;dihydroxyphosphanyl dihydrogen phosphite Chemical class OP(O)OP(O)O.OCC(CO)(CO)CO GXURZKWLMYOCDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 240000002329 Inga feuillei Species 0.000 description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000002429 hydrazines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- ODGYWRBCQWKSSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-ethylpropane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCNCCCN ODGYWRBCQWKSSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000008301 phosphite esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- GPOGLVDBOFRHDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-nonylphenyl) dihydrogen phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(O)O GPOGLVDBOFRHDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydrobenzimidazole-2-thione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(S)=NC2=C1 YHMYGUUIMTVXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000005208 1,4-dihydroxybenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SQZCAOHYQSOZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-(2-methylphenyl)guanidine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1N=C(N)N=C(N)N SQZCAOHYQSOZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MQQKTNDBASEZSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(octadecyldisulfanyl)octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCSSCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC MQQKTNDBASEZSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006176 2-ethylbutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3h-1-benzofuran-2-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2OC(=O)CC2=C1 ACZGCWSMSTYWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MKTOIPPVFPJEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-carboxypropanoylperoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCC(O)=O MKTOIPPVFPJEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940090248 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCO BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKJADYKTJJGKDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCC OKJADYKTJJGKDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MSGFMKMFGGXSTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(C)(C)C=1C=C(C(=CC1O)CN)CCCC Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)C=1C=C(C(=CC1O)CN)CCCC MSGFMKMFGGXSTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910004612 CdTe—CdS Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Malonate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC([O-])=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10678—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising UV absorbers or stabilizers, e.g. antioxidants
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Abstract
一种光伏组件,其包含如下部件:(1)光伏半导体,和(2)一个或多个层,其包含:(A)彼此独立地为合成聚合物,和(B)包含选自式(B-I)和(B-II)化合物的两种或更多种不同化合物的混合物;其中E1为氢,C1-C18烷基,被1、2或3个选自-OH、C2-C18链烯氧基、-C(O)OX1和-OC(O)X2的基团取代的C1-C18烷基,其中X1和X2独立地为C1-C18烷基,间隔有氧的C3-C50烷基或间隔有氧的C3-C50羟基烷基;E2,E3,E4和E5独立地为氢、C1-C18烷基、苯基或被1、2或3个C1-C4烷基取代的苯基;其中A0为氢或-OH;A1,A2,A3和A4独立地为氢,C1-C18烷基,被1、2或3个选自-OH、C2-C18链烯氧基、-C(O)OY1和-OC(O)Y2的基团取代的C1-C18烷基,其中Y1和Y2独立地为C1-C18烷基;间隔有氧的C3-C50烷基或间隔有氧的C3-C50羟基烷基;和任选的(C)至少一种2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶衍生物。
Description
本发明涉及一种包含光伏半导体和至少一个含有两种或更多种不同羟基苯基三嗪类和任选的2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的合成聚合物层的光伏组件。
WO-A-2006/093,936描述了具有保护性添加剂的太阳能电池封装物。JP-A-2005-298,748公开了光伏元件。
EP-A-1,308,084描述协同增效的UV吸收剂组合。用于聚合物的稳定剂组合物公开于WO-A-2007/088,114和GB-A-2,317,893中。
EP-A-1,990,840描述了太阳能电池密封材料。
UV稳定的太阳能电池XL-EVA封装物描述于2006年8月15日公开的IPCOM000139102D中。
本发明尤其涉及一种光伏组件,其包含如下部件:
(1)光伏半导体,和
(2)一个或多个层,其包含:
(A)彼此独立地为任选交联的合成聚合物,和
(B)包含选自式(B-I)和(B-II)化合物的两种或更多种不同化合物的混合物:
其中
E1为氢;C1-C18烷基;被1、2或3个选自-OH、C2-C18链烯氧基、-C(O)OX1和-OC(O)X2的基团取代的C1-C18烷基,其中X1和X2独立地为C1-C18烷基;间隔有氧的C3-C50烷基或间隔有氧的C3-C50羟基烷基;
E2,E3,E4和E5独立地为氢、C1-C18烷基、苯基或被1、2或3个C1-C4烷基取代的苯基;
其中
A0为氢或-OH;
A1,A2,A3和A4独立地为氢;C1-C18烷基;被1、2或3个选自-OH、C2-C18链烯氧基、-C(O)OY1和-OC(O)Y2的基团取代的C1-C18烷基,其中Y1和Y2独立地为C1-C18烷基;间隔有氧的C3-C50烷基或间隔有氧的C3-C50羟基烷基;
和任选的(C)至少一种2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶衍生物。
特别优选其中组分(A)为交联乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物且组分(B)为含有式(B-I)化合物和式(B-II)化合物的混合物的光伏组件。
C1-C18烷基的实例为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、2-乙基丁基、正戊基、异戊基、1-甲基戊基、1,3-二甲基丁基、正己基、1-甲基己基、正庚基、异庚基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、1-甲基庚基、3-甲基庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基、1,1,3-三甲基己基、1,1,3,3-四甲基庚基、壬基、癸基、十一烷基、1-甲基十一烷基、十二烷基、1,1,3,3,5,5-六甲基己基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基和十八烷基。特别优选C1-C8烷基,例如甲基、正丁基、2-乙基己基或辛基的异构体混合物。
间隔有一个或多个氧的C3-C50烷基的实例为-(CH2CH2-O-)3-CH3。
被1、2或3个C1-C4烷基取代的苯基的优选实例为2,4-二甲基苯基。
合成聚合物的实例为:
1.单烯烃和二烯烃的聚合物,例如聚丙烯、聚异丁烯、聚丁-1-烯、聚-4-甲基戊-1-烯、聚乙烯基环己烷、聚异戊二烯或聚丁二烯,以及环烯烃如环戊烯或降冰片烯的聚合物,聚乙烯(其任选可交联)如高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、高密度高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-HMW)、高密度超高分子量聚乙烯(HDPE-UHMW)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、(VLDPE)和(ULDPE)。
2.1)中提及的聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯与聚异丁烯的混合物、聚丙烯与聚乙烯的混合物(例如PP/HDPE、PP/LDPE)以及不同类型聚乙烯的混合物(例如LDPE/HDPE)。
3.单烯烃和二烯烃彼此之间或与其他乙烯基单体的共聚物,例如乙烯/丙烯共聚物、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)及其与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)的混合物、丙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物、丙烯/异丁烯共聚物、乙烯/丁-1-烯共聚物、乙烯/己烯共聚物、乙烯/甲基戊烯共聚物、乙烯/庚烯共聚物、乙烯/辛烯共聚物、乙烯/乙烯基环己烷共聚物、乙烯/环烯烃共聚物(例如乙烯/降冰片烯,例如COC)、乙烯/1-烯烃共聚物(可任选交联),其中1-烯烃原位产生;丙烯/丁二烯共聚物、异丁烯/异戊二烯共聚物、乙烯/乙烯基环己烯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、乙烯/甲基丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物或乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物及其盐(离聚物),以及乙烯与丙烯和二烯如己二烯、二环戊二烯或亚乙基降冰片烯的三元共聚物;以及这类共聚物彼此之间以及与上文1)中提及的聚合物的混合物,例如聚丙烯/乙烯-丙烯共聚物、LDPE/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、LDPE/乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)、LLDPE/EVA、LLDPE/EAA和交替或无规聚亚烷基(polyalkylene)/一氧化碳共聚物及其与其他聚合物如聚酰胺的混合物。
4.衍生自α,β-不饱和酸及其衍生物的聚合物,例如聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯;聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酰胺和聚丙烯腈,其用丙烯酸丁酯进行抗冲击改性。
5.衍生自不饱和醇和胺的聚合物或其酰基衍生物或缩醛,例如聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚硬脂酸乙烯酯、聚苯甲酸乙烯酯、聚马来酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、聚邻苯二甲酸烯丙基酯或聚烯丙基三聚氰胺;及其与以上1.)中所提及的烯烃的共聚物。
6.聚苯醚和聚苯硫醚,以及聚苯醚与苯乙烯聚合物或聚酰胺的混合物。
7.聚酯,其衍生自二羧酸和二醇和/或衍生自羟基羧酸或相应的内酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚-1,4-二羟甲基环己烷对苯二甲酸酯、聚萘二甲酸亚烷基酯(PAN)和聚羟基苯甲酸酯以及衍生自羟基封端聚醚的共聚醚酯;以及用聚碳酸酯或MBS改性的聚酯。
8.聚碳酸酯和聚酯碳酸酯。
9.聚氨酯及其前体,其一方面衍生自羟基封端的聚酯、聚酯或聚丁二烯,另一方面衍生自脂族或芳族多异氰酸酯。
10.聚酰胺和共聚酰胺,其衍生自二胺和二羧酸和/或衍生自氨基羧酸或相应内酰胺,例如聚酰胺4、聚酰胺6、聚酰胺6/6、6/10、6/9、6/12、4/6、12/12、聚酰胺11、聚酰胺12、起始于间二甲苯二胺和己二酸的芳族聚酰胺;具有或不具有弹性体作为改性剂且由六亚甲基二胺和间苯二甲酸或/和对苯二甲酸制备的聚酰胺,例如聚-2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基对苯二甲酰胺或聚间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺;以及上述聚酰胺与聚烯烃、烯烃共聚物、离聚物或化学键合或接枝的弹性体的嵌段共聚物;或与聚醚,例如与聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇或聚四亚甲基二醇的嵌段共聚物;以及用EPDM或ABS改性的聚酰胺或共聚酰胺;以及在加工期间缩合的聚酰胺(RIM聚酰胺体系)。
11.上述聚合物的共混物(聚合物共混物),例如PP/EPDM、聚酰胺/EPDM或ABS、PVC/EVA、PVC/ABS、PVC/MBS、PC/ABS、PBTP/ABS、PC/ASA、PC/PBT、PVC/CPE、PVC/丙烯酸酯、POM/热塑性PUR、PC/热塑性PUR、POM/丙烯酸酯、POM/MBS、PPO/HIPS、PPO/PA 6,6和共聚物、PA/HDPE、PA/PP、PA/PPO、PBT/PC/ABS或PBT/PET/PC。
12.含氟聚合物,例如聚氟乙烯、氟化乙烯-丙烯共聚物树脂、全氟烷氧基共聚物树脂、聚四氟乙烯或乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物。
13.聚硅氧烷,例如硅酮如烷基取代的硅酮(如甲基硅酮),乙烯基部分取代的硅酮(VMQ,如乙烯基甲基硅酮),苯基部分取代的硅酮(PMQ,如苯基甲基硅酮)、乙烯基和苯基部分取代的硅酮(PVMQ,如苯基乙烯基甲基硅酮)、氟代烷基部分取代的硅酮(FMQ,如3,3,3-三氟丙基甲基硅酮)、氟代烷基乙烯基部分取代的硅酮(FVMQ,如3,3,3-三氟丙基乙烯基甲基硅酮)、氨基烷基部分取代的硅酮(如3-氨基丙基甲基硅酮)、羧基烷基部分取代的硅酮(例如3-羧基丙基甲基硅酮)、烷氧基部分取代的硅酮(例如乙氧基甲基硅酮)、烯丙基部分取代的硅酮(例如烯丙基甲基硅酮)或硅树脂(高度交联的硅酮)。
优选合成聚合物为在上述1、3、4、7、8、9、12和13项下所列的那些。
所述合成聚合物尤其选自线性或交联聚烯烃均聚物、线性或交联聚烯烃共聚物、环状烯烃均聚物、环状烯烃共聚物、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、交联乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、氟化聚合物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚硅氧烷。
典型的光伏组件例如包含如下层:
实例I:
(a)正面支撑层
(b)封装物层
晶体硅层
(b)封装物层
(c)背面衬底层
实例II:
(a)正面支撑层
透明导体层
无定形硅层
背面接触层
(b)封装物层
(c)背面衬底层
实例III:
(a)正面支撑层
(b)封装物层
透明导体层
光伏半导体(含有例如至多4层)
背面接触层
(c)背面衬底层
实例IV:
(a)正面支撑层
透明导体层
光伏半导体(含有例如2层)
透明导体层
(b)封装物层
(c)背面衬底层
根据本发明的优选实施方案,所述光伏组件包含一个或多个选自如下的层作为部件(2):
(2-a)正面支撑层,
(2-b)封装物层,和
(2-c)背面衬底层。
层(2-a)、(2-b)和(2-c)有利地由合成聚合物制成。如果需要的话,层(2-a)和/或(2-c)还可由玻璃制成。
本发明优选实施方案的其他实例如下所列:
1.一种光伏组件,其中正面支撑层(2-a)含有选自聚酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚碳酸酯和氟化聚合物的合成聚合物(A)。
2.一种光伏组件,其中封装层(2-b)含有选自线性或交联聚烯烃均聚物、线性或交联聚烯烃共聚物、环状烯烃均聚物、环状烯烃共聚物、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、交联乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚氨酯和聚硅氧烷的合成聚合物(A)。
3.一种光伏组件,其中背面衬底层(2-c)含有选自聚酯、聚酰胺和氟化聚合物的合成聚合物(A)。
所述背面衬底层(2-c)自身又可为多层体系,例如两层或三层体系。三层体系的实例为:
(2-c-1)氟化聚合物层
(2-c-2)聚酯层
(2-c-3)氟化聚合物层
所述氟化聚合物优选为聚氟乙烯或聚(乙烯-四氟乙烯)。
一种光伏组件,其中光伏半导体(1)含有晶体硅或无定形硅。
进一步优选其中部件(2)的两个层(封装物层)含有交联乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物作为组分(A)和如上所定义的组分(B)的光伏组件。
进一步优选其中部件(2)的两个层(封装物层)含有乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物作为组分(A)和如上所定义的组分(B)的光伏组件的前体。
合适的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物具有10-40%相对重量含量的乙酸乙烯酯。
本发明另一实施方案为一种含有如上所定义的组分(A)和(B)的光伏组件的封装层。根据优选实施方案,所述封装层含有交联乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物作为组分(A)。
本发明另一优选实施方案为含有线性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物作为组分(A)和如上所定义的组分(B)的光伏组件的封装层前体。为了制备该前体,将线性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物与具有过氧官能团的有机化合物、本发明组分(B)和其他成分复合,随后在不由所述具有过氧官能团的有机化合物引发交联下加工成薄片。为了避免交联,所述薄片的加工温度低于120℃,优选低于75℃。
交联方法可通过加入具有过氧官能团的有机化合物并将该聚合物暴露于较高温度下而引发,因为所述过氧官能团在较高温度下产生反应性基团。这些基团引发在所述合成聚合物的不同分子链之间形成所述共价键的反应。特定合成聚合物的最终交联度以及交联动力学尤其取决于所用有机过氧化合物的类型和量、加工条件如温度以及在特定温度下的暴露时间。此外,存在于该合成聚合物中的添加剂可能影响交联过程。
具有过氧官能团的有机化合物实例为:
1.氢过氧化物,例如氢过氧化叔丁基或氢过氧化枯基。
2.烷基/芳基过氧化物,例如过氧化二叔丁基、过氧化二叔戊基、2,2-双(过氧化叔丁基)丁烷、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(过氧化叔丁基)己烷、2,5-二甲基-3-己炔-2,5-二叔丁基过氧化物、过氧化二枯基、双(1-叔丁基过氧-1-甲基乙基)苯、α,α’-双(过氧化叔丁基)二异丙苯、1,4-双(叔丁基过氧化二异丙基)苯或过氧化叔丁基枯基。
3.过氧酯,例如苯甲酸过氧化叔丁酯、2-乙基己酸过氧化叔丁酯、3,5,5-三甲基己酸过氧叔丁、过氧化二癸酰、过氧化二月桂酰或过氧化琥珀酸。
4.过氧化碳酸酯,例如过氧化碳酸O-O-叔丁酯O-异丙酯或过氧化碳酸O-O-叔丁酯O-(2-乙基己基)酯。
5.过氧化二芳酰,例如过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化二(4-氯苯甲酰)、过氧化二(2,4-二氯苯甲酰)或过氧化二(4-甲基苯甲酰)。
6.过氧化缩酮,例如1,1-过氧化二叔丁基-3,5,5-三甲基环己烷、1,1-二(过氧化叔戊基)环己烷、3,3-二(过氧化叔戊基)丁酸乙酯或4,4-二(过氧化叔丁基)戊酸正丁酯。
7.环状过氧化物,例如3,6,9-三乙基-3,6,9-三甲基-[1,2,4,5,7,8]己氧酮烷或3,3,6,6,9,9-六甲基-1,2,4,5-四氧代环己烷。
若干有机过氧化合物可商购获得,例如Luperox 101(RTM ArkemaInc.)中所含的2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(过氧化叔丁基)己烷或LuperoxTBEC(RTM Arkema Inc.)中所含的过氧化碳酸O-O-叔丁基酯O-异丙基酯。
具有过氧官能团的有机化合物可在交联之前,以相对于合成聚合物(A)的重量为0.001-10%,优选0.01-5%,特别是0.01-2%的量存在于所述合成聚合物(A)中。
优选其中具有过氧官能团的有机化合物在交联之前以相对于组分(A)的重量为0.001-10%的量存在于该组分(A)中的光伏组件。
优选可加入交联助剂以改善所述合成聚合物的交联结构或交联水平。此外,所述交联助剂可改善交联合成聚合物的凝胶含量、光稳定性和热稳定性。
交联助剂的实例为氰脲酸三烯丙基酯、异氰脲酸三烯丙基酯和异氰脲酸三甲基烯丙基酯。
所述交联助剂可以以基于待交联的合成聚合物(A)的重量为0.1-10重量%,优选0.1-5重量%加入。
优选其中一个或多个部件(2)的层选自正面支撑层、封装物层和背面衬底层的光伏组件。
所述正面支撑层、封装物层和背面衬底层有利地由合成聚合物制成。或者,如果需要的话,所述正面支撑层和/或背面衬底层可例如由玻璃或金属制成。
所述光伏组件可含有光伏半导体。光伏半导体通常含有例如晶体硅、无定形硅或-在复合半导体的情况下-CuInSe2(CIS)、Cu(InGa)Se2(CIGS)、Cu(InGa)(SSe)2或CdTe-CdS。
优选其中光伏半导体(1)含有晶体硅、无定形硅、CuInSe2、Cu(InGa)Se2或CdTe-CdS的光伏组件。
所述一个或多个本发明部件(2)层通常在生产过程中通过转化薄片而产生,所述薄片由包含如上所定义的组分(B)和任选其他添加剂的合成聚合物(A)制成。所述薄片可通过本领域技术人员熟知的常规塑料加工方法制备,例如溶液流延法、熔融模塑法如熔融挤出模塑、压缩模塑或注射模塑等。这些方法可任选含有其他加工步骤如取向、层压、共挤出等。
本发明组分(B)、任选的其他添加剂和任选的过氧化物可在转变成一个或多个薄片之前或之中掺入所述合成聚合物中。随后将该薄片或这些薄片在光伏组件的生产过程中转化成一个或多个本发明部件(2)层。这些掺入方法没有特别的限制且为本领域技术人员所熟知。例如可提及将式(B-I)和/或(B-II)化合物掺入合成聚合物(A)中或使用包含式(B-I)和/或(B-II)化合物的母料以掺入合成聚合物中。例如可在熔融挤出模塑过程中提供式(B-I)和/或(B-II)化合物,并且可使用这些方法中任一种。
如果需要的话,可将所述一个或多个薄片作为本发明一个或多个部件(2)层的前体进行处理。处理对于改善薄片与其他层的之间的粘合性是有利的。特别地,表面处理如通过粘合剂将特定涂层施加至薄片表面可改进转化成层的薄片与在光伏组件生产工艺期间仍保持机械刚性的层之间的层压工艺。此处,机械刚性指对光伏组件的生产工艺期间所施加的热不敏感的层,例如由玻璃、金属或聚合物如特定聚酯构成的层。
作为选择或者除薄片的表面处理之外,在所述合成聚合物中掺入增粘剂以改善在光伏组件生产过程中由该薄片所形成的层的粘合性。所述增粘剂可类似于对任选的其他添加剂和任选的过氧化物所提及的方法掺入所述合成聚合物中。增粘剂的掺入可与任选的其他添加剂和任选的过氧化物同时,例如在由聚(乙烯-共聚-乙酸乙烯酯)形成薄片过程中进行。
增粘剂的实例为具有偶联官能团的硅烷。
1.乙烯基硅烷,例如乙烯基氯硅烷、乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷或乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷。
2.丙烯酰氧基硅烷,例如(3-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基)三甲氧基硅烷。
3.环氧基硅烷,例如(2-(7-氧杂双环[4.1.0]庚-3-基)乙基)三甲氧基硅烷、(3-环氧乙烷基甲氧基丙基)三甲氧基硅烷或(3-环氧乙烷基甲氧基丙基)二乙氧基甲基硅烷。
4.氨基硅烷,例如(N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基)三甲氧基硅烷、(N-(2-氨基乙基)-3-氨基丙基)二甲氧基甲基硅烷、(3-氨基丙基)三乙氧基硅烷或(N-苯基-3-氨基丙基)三甲氧基硅烷。
5.其他类型的硅烷,例如(3-巯基丙基)三甲氧基硅烷或(3-氯丙基)三甲氧基硅烷。
优选作为增粘剂的为(3-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)丙基)三甲氧基硅烷。
优选合成聚合物(A)中增粘剂的量相对于所述合成聚合物(A)的重量为0.01-5%,特别是1-4%。
光伏组件的标准生产程序以含有晶体硅、两层交联聚(乙烯-共聚-乙酸乙烯酯)层、由玻璃制成的正面支撑层和由聚酯制成的背面支撑层的组件例示。
包含自身又含有由晶体硅制成的光伏半导体的电池的光伏组件标准结构称为覆盖层(superstrate)结构。这类覆盖层结构的元件通过将数个电池二维排列而生产,所述电池含有光伏半导体且以串联和并联方式连接。
将由含有作为组分(B)的两种不同式(B-I)和/或(B-II)化合物、具有过氧官能团的有机化合物和任选其他添加剂的作为组分(A)的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(聚(乙烯-共聚-乙酸乙烯酯))制成的薄片置于由玻璃制成的薄片上。该玻璃片随后作为成品光伏组件的正面支撑层。在所述由聚(乙烯-共聚-乙酸乙烯酯)制成的薄片上放置上述电池装置,随后为由含有作为组分(B)的两种不同式(B-I)和/或(B-II)化合物、具有过氧官能团的有机化合物和任选其他添加剂的聚(乙烯-共聚-乙酸乙烯酯)制成的另一薄片。最后,将含有作为组分(B)的两种不同式(B-I)和/或(B-II)化合物和任选其他添加剂的聚酯制成的薄片置于其上。所述由聚酯制成的薄片稍后作为成品光伏组件的背面支撑层。
现在在层压机中加工整个叠层,其中作为第一步骤,在真空下加热至最高为180℃,例如150℃,并在保持该温度达0.5-30分钟,例如10分钟。在此期间,通过加热使所述两个由聚(乙烯-共聚-乙酸乙烯酯)制成的薄片熔融(而非作为背面支撑层的聚酯薄片)并由此封装电池装置并使玻璃与聚酯片胶合。在第二步骤中,在层压机中将整个叠层进一步加热至最高为180℃,例如150℃,并在该温度下保持5-60分钟,例如20分钟,以引发并完成聚(乙烯-共聚-乙酸乙烯酯)的交联反应。所述交联导致此时由聚(乙烯-共聚-乙酸乙烯酯)初始薄片形成的层的机械性能改善。在所述叠层冷却之后,通过密封其边缘、构建并安装电缆和接线盒而完成光伏组件。
通过采用使用其他光伏半导体的其他光伏组件,例如含有无定形硅的光伏组件或含有复合半导体的光伏组件,所述电池可以以不同方式,例如通过溅射或化学气相沉积而产生。然而,封装方法总是类似的,这意味着在层压机中加工由薄片建造的叠层,从而使用作封装物的合成聚合物熔融并随后引发-如果选择的话-交联反应。
本发明另一实施方案为一种使存在于具有光伏半导体的光伏组件的一层或多层中的合成聚合物稳定的方法,其包括将两种不同式(B-I)和/或(B-II)化合物加入所述合成聚合物中。
本发明另一实施方案为一种光伏组件,其中组分(B)为式(B-I)化合物与式(B-II)化合物的混合物。
所述式(B-I)化合物优选为式(B-I-a)、(B-I-b)、(B-I-c)、(B-I-d)、(B-I-e)或(B-I-f)化合物:
所述式(B-II)化合物优选为式(B-II-a)、(B-II-b)或(B-II-c)化合物:
本发明的特别优选实施方案涉及一种光伏组件,其中组分(B)为:
化合物(B-I-a)与(B-II-a)的混合物,
化合物(B-I-a)与(B-II-b)的混合物,或者
化合物(B-I-c)与(B-II-c)的混合物。
式(B-I)和(B-II)化合物基本上是已知的且可类似于已知方法制备,例如US-A-6,060,543所公开的方法。一些化合物可商购获得。
组分(C)的实例双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸酯、1-(2-羟乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶与琥珀酸的缩合物、N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线性或环状缩合物、三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)次氮基三乙酸酯、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷四甲酸酯、1,1′-(1,2-亚乙基)双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)、4-苯甲酰基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-硬脂氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)丙二酸酯、3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸-2,4-二酮、N,N′-双-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与4-吗啉基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线性或环状缩合物、2-氯-4,6-双(4-正丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁基氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪与1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、8-乙酰基-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4-5]癸烷-2,4-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、4-十六烷氧基-和4-硬脂氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的混合物、N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺与4-环己基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合物、1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷与2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪以及4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的缩合物(CAS登记号[136504-96-6]);1,6-己二胺与2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪以及N,N-二丁胺与4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的缩合物(CAS登记号[192268-64-7]);N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺、N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺、2-十一烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代螺[4,5]癸烷、7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-环十一烷基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代螺[4,5]癸烷与表氯醇的反应产物、1,1-双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基氧基羰基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯、N,N′-双甲酰基-N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺、4-甲氧基亚甲基丙二酸与1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-羟基哌啶的二酯、聚[甲基丙基-3-氧基-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)]硅氧烷、马来酸酐-α-烯烃共聚物与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶或1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物、1-(2-羟基-2-甲基丙氧基)-4-十八烷酰氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、5-(2-乙基己酰基)氧基甲基-3,3,5-三甲基-2-吗啉酮、Sanduvor(RTM,Clariant;CAS登记号[106917-31-1])、5-(2-乙基己酰基)氧基甲基-3,3,5-三甲基-2-吗啉酮、1,3,5-三(N-环己基-N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌嗪-3-酮-4-基)氨基)-s-三嗪、1,3,5-三(N-环己基-N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌嗪-3-酮-4-基)氨基)-s-三嗪。
组分(C)优选为式(C-I-a)、(C-I-b)、(C-I-c)、(C-I-d)、(C-II)、(C-III)或(C-IV)化合物:
其中b1为2-20的数,优选2-20,且基团R1独立地为氢、C1-C8烷基、O、-OH、-CH2CN、C3-C6链烯基、未被取代或在苯基上被1、2或3个C1-C4烷基取代的C7-C9苯基烷基,或C1-C8酰基;
其中基团R2独立地具有R1的含义之一;
其中b2为2-20且基团R3独立地具有R1的含义之一;
其中
R4为氢或C1-C4烷基,
R5为直接键或C1-C10亚烷基,且
b3为2-20的数。
具有至多8个碳原子的烷基实例为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、2-乙基丁基、正戊基、异戊基、1-甲基戊基、1,3-二甲基丁基、正己基、1-甲基己基、正庚基、异庚基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、1-甲基庚基、3-甲基庚基、正辛基、2-乙基己基。优选C1-C4烷基,尤其是甲基。
C3-C6链烯基的实例为烯丙基、2-甲基烯丙基、丁烯基、戊烯基和己烯基。优选烯丙基。1位上的碳原子优选为饱和的。
未被取代或在苯基上被1、2或3个C1-C4烷基取代的C7-C9苯基烷基的实例为苄基、苯乙基、甲基苄基、二甲基苄基、三甲基苄基和叔丁基苄基。
C1-C8酰基的实例为甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基、丁酰基、戊酰基、己酰基、庚酰基、辛酰基、丙烯酰基、甲基丙烯酰基和苯甲酰基。优选C1-C8烷酰基、C3-C8链烯基和苯甲酰基。尤其优选乙酰基和丙烯酰基。
C1-C10亚烷基的实例为亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基、三亚甲基、四亚甲基、五亚甲基、2,2-二甲基三亚甲基、六亚甲基、三甲基六亚甲基、八亚甲基和是亚甲基。
R1优选为氢或甲基。
R2优选为甲基。
R3和R4优选为氢。
R5优选为亚乙基。
组分(C)的化合物基本上是已知的且可类似于已知方法制备,例如如下文献所公开的方法:US-A-4,086,204、US-A-6,046,304、US-A-4,331,586、US-A-4,108,829、US-A-4,477,615和US-A-4,233,412。
使式(C-I-a)、(C-I-b)、(C-I-c)、(C-I-d)、(C-II)、(C-III)和(C-IV)化合物中自由价态饱和的端基的含义取决于用于制备它们的方法。在制备所述化合物之后也可对端基进行改性。
如果式(C-I-a)、(C-I-b)、(C-I-c)或(C-I-d)化合物通过使相应取代的2,5-二氯三嗪与下式二胺化合物反应而制备:
则键合至二氨基上的端基为氢或相应取代的三嗪基,例如式(C-1-a)情况下的基团:
且与三嗪基团键合的端基为Cl或如下基团:
当反应完全时,可能有利的是例如用-OH或氨基代替-Cl。可提及的氨基实例为吡咯烷-1-基、吗啉代、-NH2、-N(C1-C8烷基)2和-NR(C1-C8烷基),其中R为氢或2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基。
如果例如通过使式化合物与式Y0-OOC-R5-COO-Y0的二羧酸酯反应制备式(C-IV)化合物,其中Y0例如为甲基、乙基或丙基,则键合至2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氧基哌啶-1-基的端基为氢或-CO-R5-COO-Y0,且键合至二酰基的端基为-O-Y0或
尤其优选的组分(C)化合物为:
其中式(C-I-a-1)、(C-I-b-1)、(C-I-c-1)、(C-I-d-1)和(C-I-d-2)中的b1为2-20,
其中b2为2-20;
其中b3为2-20的数。
一种特别优选的式(C-I-b)化合物为:
该化合物的制备描述于US-A-6,046,304的实施例10中。
本发明特别优选的实施方案涉及一种光伏组件,其中一个或多个部件(2)层含有组分(A)、(B)和(C)。
本发明另一优选实施方案涉及一种光伏组件,其中:
组分(A)为选自环状烯烃聚合物、聚碳酸酯、交联乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的合成聚合物;
组分(B)为:
化合物(B-I-a)与(B-II-a)的混合物,
化合物(B-I-a)与(B-II-b)的混合物,或者
化合物(B-I-c)与(B-II-c)的混合物;且
组分(C)为式(C-II-a)化合物。
如上所述,如果需要的话,一个或多个部件(2)层可进一步含有一种或多种常规添加剂。合适的实例如下文所列。
1.抗氧化剂
1.1.烷基化单酚,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚、2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基苯酚、2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二(十八烷基)-4-甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三环己基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚,侧链为线性或支化的壬基酚,例如2,6-二壬基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十一烷-1′-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十七烷-1′-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十三烷-1′-基)苯酚及其混合物。
1.2.烷硫基甲基苯酚,例如2,4-二辛硫基甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、2,4-二辛硫基甲基-6-甲基苯酚、2,4-二辛硫基甲基-6-乙基苯酚、2,6-二(十二烷硫基)甲基-4-壬基酚。
1.3.氢醌类和烷基化氢醌类,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚、2,5-二叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二叔戊基氢醌、2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基茴香醚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基茴香醚、硬脂酸3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯酯、己二酸双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)酯。
1.4.生育酚类,例如α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚及其混合物(维生素E)。
1.5.羟基化硫代二苯醚,例如2,2′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-硫代双(4-辛基苯酚)、4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚)、4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、4,4′-硫代双(3,6-二仲戊基苯酚)、4,4′-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟基苯基)二硫化物。
1.6.亚烷基双酚,例如2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)苯酚]、2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基酚]、2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基酚]、4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、4,4′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚、1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-正十二烷基巯基丁烷、乙二醇双[3,3-双(3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基苯基)丁酸酯]、双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)二环戊二烯、双[2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基]对苯二甲酸酯、1,1-双(3,5-二甲基-2-羟基苯基)丁烷、2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷基巯基丁烷、1,1,5,5-四(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
1.7.O-、N-和S-苄基化合物,例如3,5,3′,5′-四叔丁基-4,4′-二羟基二苄基醚、4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸十八烷基酯、4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基巯基乙酸十三烷基酯、三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)胺、双(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)二硫代对苯二甲酸酯、双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫化物、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸异辛基酯。
1.8.羟基苄基化丙二酸酯,例如2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟基苄基)丙二酸二(十八烷基)酯、2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)丙二酸二(十八烷基)酯、2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸二-十二烷基巯基乙基酯、双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]-2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯。
1.9.芳族羟基苄基化合物,例如1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯、1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)苯酚。
1.10.三嗪类化合物,例如2,4-双(辛基巯基)-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)-六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯。
1.11.苄基膦酸酯,例如2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二甲酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二乙酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸二(十八烷基)酯、5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基膦酸二(十八烷基)酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸单乙酯的钙盐。
1.12.酰氨基苯酚类,例如4-羟基月桂酰替苯胺、4-羟基硬脂酰替苯胺、N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)氨基甲酸辛酯。
1.13.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与如下一元醇或多元醇的酯:例如与甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.14.β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与如下一元醇或多元醇的酯:例如与甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷;3,9-双[2-{3-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)丙酰氧基}-1,1-二甲基乙基]-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺[5.5]十一烷的酯。
1.15.β-(3,5-二环己基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与如下一元醇或多元醇的酯:例如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.16.3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基乙酸与如下一元醇或多元醇的酯:例如与甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫代二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫杂十一烷醇、3-硫杂十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷的酯。
1.17.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸的酰胺,例如N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)六亚甲基二胺、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)三亚甲基二胺、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)肼、N,N′-双[2-(3-[3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基]丙酰氧基)乙基]草酰胺(XL-1,supplied by Uniroyal)。
1.18.抗坏血酸(维生素C)。
1.19.胺类抗氧化剂,例如N,N′-二异丙基对苯二胺、N,N′-二仲丁基对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1,4-二甲基戊基)对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1-乙基-3-甲基戊基)对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1-甲基庚基)对苯二胺、N,N′-二环己基对苯二胺、N,N′-二苯基对苯二胺、N,N′-双-(2-萘基)对苯二胺、N-异丙基-N′-苯基对苯二胺、N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N′-苯基对苯二胺、N-(1-甲基庚基)-N′-苯基对苯二胺、N-环己基-N′-苯基对苯二胺、4-(对甲苯胺磺酰基)二苯胺、N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二仲丁基对苯二胺、二苯胺、N-烯丙基二苯胺、4-异丙氧基二苯胺、N-苯基-1-萘胺、N-(4-叔辛基苯基)-1-萘胺、N-苯基-2-萘胺、辛基化二苯胺如p,p′-二叔辛基二苯胺、4-正丁基氨基苯酚、4-丁酰基氨基苯酚、4-壬酰基氨基苯酚、4-十二烷酰基氨基苯酚、4-十八烷酰基氨基苯酚、双(4-甲氧基苯基)胺、2,6-二叔丁基-4-二甲氨基甲基苯酚、2,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷、1,2-双[(2-甲基苯基)氨基]乙烷、1,2-双(苯基氨基)丙烷、邻甲苯基双胍、双[4-(1′,3′-二甲基丁基)苯基]胺、叔辛基化N-苯基-1-萘胺、单-和二-烷基化叔丁基/叔辛基二苯胺的混合物、单-和二-烷基化壬基二苯胺的混合物、单-和二-烷基化十二烷基二苯胺的混合物、单-和二-烷基化异丙基/异己基二苯胺的混合物、单-和二-烷基化叔丁基二苯胺的混合物、2,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪、吩噻嗪、单-和二-烷基化叔丁基/叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物、单-和二-烷基化叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物、N-烯丙基吩噻嗪、N,N,N′,N′-四苯基-1,4-二氨基丁-2-烯。
2.UV吸收剂和光稳定剂
2.1.2-(2′-羟基苯基)苯并***类,例如2-(2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并***、2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并***、2-(5′-叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并***、2-(2′-羟基-5′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基)苯并***、2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)-5-氯苯并***、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)-5-氯苯并***、2-(3′-仲丁基-5′-叔丁基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并***、2-(2′-羟基-4′-辛氧基苯基)苯并***、2-(3′,5′-二叔戊基-2′-羟基苯基)苯并***、2-(3′,5′-双(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2′-羟基苯基)苯并***、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯苯并***、2-(3′-叔丁基-5′-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基]-2′-羟基苯基)-5-氯苯并***、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯苯并***、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并***、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并***、2-(3′-叔丁基-5′-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基]-2′-羟基苯基)苯并***、2-(3′-十二烷基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并***、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-异辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基苯并***、2,2′-亚甲基双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-苯并***-2-基苯酚];2-[3′-叔丁基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)-2′-羟基苯基]-2H-苯并***与聚乙二醇300的酯交换产物;其中R=3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基-5′-2H-苯并***-2-基苯基、2-[2′-羟基-3′-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-5′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]苯并***;2-[2′-羟基-3′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-5′-(α,α-二甲基苄基)苯基]苯并***。
2.2.取代和来取代苯甲酸的酯,例如水杨酸4-叔丁基苯酯、水杨酸苯酯、水杨酸辛基苯酯、二苯甲酰间苯二酚、双(4-叔丁基苯甲酰)间苯二酚、苯甲酰间苯二酚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二叔丁基苯酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十六烷基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十八烷基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2-甲基-4,6-二叔丁基苯酯。
2.3.丙烯酸酯类,例如α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯、α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸异辛酯、α-甲酯基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基对甲氧基肉桂酸丁酯、α-甲酯基对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯、N-(β-甲酯基-β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基二氢吲哚、四(α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸新戊基酯。
2.4.镍化合物,例如2,2′-硫代双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚]的镍配合物,例如1∶1或1∶2配合物,其具有或不具有其他配体如正丁胺、三乙醇胺或N-环己基二乙醇胺,二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍,4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基膦酸单烷基酯如甲酯或乙酯的镍盐,酮肟如2-羟基-4-甲基苯基十一烷基酮肟的镍配合物,1-苯基-4-月桂酰基-5-羟基吡唑的镍配合物,其具有或不具有其他配体。
2.5.草酰胺类,例如4,4′-二辛氧基草酰替苯胺、2,2′-二乙氧基草酰替苯胺、2,2′-二辛氧基-5,5′-二叔丁基草酰替苯胺、2,2′-二(十二烷氧基)-5,5′-二叔丁基草酰替苯胺、2-乙氧基-2′-乙基草酰替苯胺、N,N′-双(3-二甲氨基丙基)草酰胺、2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2′-乙基草酰替苯胺及其与2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-5,4′-二叔丁基草酰替苯胺的混合物、邻-和对-甲氧基二取代草酰替苯胺的混合物以及邻-和对-乙氧基二取代草酰替苯胺的混合物。
2.6.2-(2-羟基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪类,例如2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-双(2-羟基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-十二烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-十三烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-丁氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-辛氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[4-(十二烷氧基/十三烷氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-2-羟基苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-十二烷氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-己氧基)苯基-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三[2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-{2-羟基-4-[3-(2-乙基己基-1-氧基)-2-羟基丙氧基]苯基}-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-双(4-[2-乙基己氧基]-2-羟基苯基)-6-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪。
3.金属减活剂,例如N,N′-二苯基草酰胺、N-水杨醛-N′-水杨酰肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰)肼、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰)肼、3-水杨酰氨基-1,2,4-***、双(亚苄基)草酰二肼、草酰替苯胺、间苯二甲酰二肼、癸二酰双苯基肼、N,N′-二乙酰己二酰二肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰)草酰二肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰)硫代丙酰二肼。
4.亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯,例如亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸二苯基烷基酯、亚磷酸苯基二烷基酯、亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯、亚磷酸三月桂基酯、亚磷酸三(十八烷基)酯、二硬脂基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、二异癸基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二枯基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、二异癸氧基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4,6-三(叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、三硬脂基山梨糖醇三亚磷酸酯、4,4′-亚联苯基二亚膦酸四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯、6-异辛氧基-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12H-二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂八环、亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲酯、亚磷酸双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙酯、6-氟-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12-甲基二苯并[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂八环、2,2′,2″-次氮基[三乙基三(3,3′,5,5′-四叔丁基-1,1′-联苯-2,2′-二基)亚磷酸酯]、(3,3′,5,5′-四叔丁基-1,1′-联苯-2,2′-二基)亚磷酸2-乙基己酯、5-丁基-5-乙基-2-(2,4,6-三叔丁基苯氧基)-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环丙烷(dioxaphosphirane)。
尤其优选如下亚磷酸酯:
亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯(Irgafos 168(RTM Ciba Inc.))、亚磷酸三(壬基苯基)酯,
5.羟胺,例如N,N-二苄基羟胺、N,N-二乙基羟胺、N,N-二辛基羟胺、N,N-二月桂基羟胺、N,N-二(十四烷基)羟胺、N,N-二(十六烷基)羟胺、N,N-二(十八烷基)羟胺、N-十六烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺、N-十七烷基-N-十八烷基羟胺、衍生自氢化牛油脂肪胺的N,N-二烷基羟胺。
6.硝酮,例如N-苄基-α-苯基硝酮、N-乙基-α-甲基硝酮、N-辛基-α-庚基硝酮、N-月桂基-α-十一烷基硝酮、N-十四烷基-α-十三烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十六烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮、N-十七烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮、N-十八烷基-α-十六烷基硝酮、衍生自N,N-二烷基羟胺(衍生自氢化牛油脂肪胺)的硝酮。
7.硫代协合剂,例如硫代二丙酸二月桂基酯、硫代二丙酸二肉豆蔻基酯、硫代二丙酸二硬脂基酯或二硬脂基二硫化物。
8.过氧化物清除剂,例如β-硫代二丙酸的酯,例如月桂基酯、硬脂基酯、肉豆蔻基酯或十三烷基酯、巯基苯并咪唑或2-巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、二(十八烷基)二硫化物、季戊四醇四(β-十二烷基巯基)丙酸酯。
9.过氧化物,例如过氧化癸酰、过氧化月桂酰、过氧化琥珀酸、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化二枯基、2,5-二(过氧化叔丁基)-2,5-二甲基己烷、过氧化叔丁基枯基、α,α’-双(过氧化叔丁基)二异丙苯、过氧化二叔戊基、过氧化二叔丁基、2,5-二(过氧化叔丁基)-2,5-二甲基-3-己炔、1,1-二(过氧化叔丁基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、1,1-二(过氧化叔丁基)环己烷、1,1-二(过氧化叔戊基)环己烷、4,4-二(过氧化叔丁基)戊酸正丁酯、3,3-二(过氧化叔戊基)丁酸乙酯、3,3-二(过氧化叔丁基)丁酸乙酯和碳酸过氧化叔丁基2-乙基己酯。
10.聚酰胺稳定剂,例如与碘和/或磷化合物组合的铜盐和二价锰盐。
11.碱性助稳定剂,例如三聚氰胺、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、双氰胺、氧脲酸三烯丙基酯、脲衍生物、肼衍生物、胺、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、高级脂肪酸的碱金属盐和碱土金属盐,例如硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、山酸镁、硬脂酸镁、蓖麻醇酸钠和棕榈酸钾、焦儿茶酸锑或焦儿茶酸锌。
12.中和剂,例如MgO、CaO、ZnO、Mg(OH)2、Ca(OH)2、Ba(OH)2、Al(OH)3、MgCO3、CaCO3、水滑石。
13.成核剂,例如无机物质如滑石,金属氧化物如二氧化钛或氧化镁,优选碱土金属的磷酸盐、碳酸盐或硫酸盐;有机化合物如单-或多羧酸及其盐,例如4-叔丁基苯甲酸、己二酸、二苯基乙酸、琥珀酸钠或苯甲酸钠;聚合化合物如离子共聚物(离聚物)或Irgaclear XT 386(RTM Ciba)。尤其优选1,3:2,4-双(3′,4′-二甲基亚苄基)山梨糖醇、1,3:2,4-二(对甲基二亚苄基)山梨糖醇和1,3:2,4-二(亚苄基)山梨糖醇。
14.填料和增强剂,例如碳酸钙、硅酸盐、玻璃纤维、玻璃珠、石棉、滑石、高岭土、云母、硫酸钡、金属氧化物和氢氧化物、炭黑、石墨、木粉和其他天然产物的粉或纤维、合成纤维。
15.其他添加剂,例如增塑剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、颜料、流变添加剂、催化剂、流动调节剂、阻燃剂、抗静电剂和发泡剂。
16.苯并呋喃酮类和吲哚满酮类,例如US 4,325,863;US 4,338,244;US5,175,312;US 5,216,052;US 5,252,643;DE-A-4316611;DE-A-4316622;DE-A-4316876;EP-A-0589839,EP-A-0591102;EP-A-1291384中所公开的那些,或3-[4-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、5,7-二叔丁基-3-[4-(2-硬脂酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]苯并呋喃-2-酮、3,3’-双[5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-[2-羟基乙氧基]苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮]、5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-乙氧基苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(4-乙酰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,5-二甲基-4-新戊酰氧基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(2-乙酰基-5-异辛基苯基)-5-异辛基苯并呋喃-2-酮。
所述常规添加剂通常可以以相对于组分(A)的重量为例如0.001-20%或0.01-20%,优选0.001-5%或0.01-5%的量存在于一个或多个部件(2)层中。
有利地为其中一个或多个部件(2)层含有一种或多种选自如下组的其他组分的光伏组件:
(D)苯并***类UV吸收剂,优选项2.1下所列那些之一;
(E)酚类抗氧化剂,优选项1下所列那些之一;
(F)碱性共添加剂,例如上述项11下所列那些之一;和
(G)中和剂,例如上述项12所列那些之一。
特别优选的苯并***类UV吸收剂具有如下结构:
下列优选方案涉及一个或多个本发明部件(2)的层:
组分(B)以相对于组分(A)的重量为例如0.01-10%,优选0.05-2%的量存在;
组分(C)任选以相对于组分(A)的重量优选为0.01-5%,尤其是0.05-1%的量存在;
组分(D)任选以相对于组分(A)的重量优选为0.01-10%,尤其是0.05-2%的量存在;
组分(E)任选以相对于组分(A)的重量优选为0.01-1%,尤其是0.01-0.5%的量存在;
组分(F)任选以相对于组分(A)的重量优选为0.01-10%的量存在;
组分(G)任选以相对于组分(A)的重量优选为0.01-10%,尤其是0.05-2%的量存在。
选自式(B-I)和(B-II)化合物的两种不同化合物的重量比例如为1∶100-100∶1,优选1∶10-10∶1或1∶5-5∶1,尤其是1∶3-3∶1或1∶2-2∶1或1∶1。
所述一个或多个本发明部件(2)层的厚度例如为10-2000μm,尤其是50-1000μm。
所述一个或多个本发明部件(2)层具有优异的光学性能如光学透明度、足以例如防止具有高收缩率的起偏振器收缩的机械强度,以及可经受加工过程中所施加的高温的耐热性等。
所述一个或多个本发明部件(2)层优选具有根据ASTM D 1003例如为小于1(在20μm膜下测定)的低雾度值。
如果需要的话,可对所述一个或多个本发明部件(2)层进行表面电晕处理。对于改善相互之间的粘合性而言,这是有利的;尤其是当为膜表面提供表面处理如涂覆操作时,或者当通过使用粘合剂层压其他膜时。
本发明的另一实施方案为如上所定义的组分(B)在稳定存在于光伏组件中的一种或多种合成聚合物中的用途。
本发明的另一实施方案为一种光伏组件,其包含如下部件:
(1)光伏半导体,和
(2)一个或多个层,其包含:
(A)交联的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,和
(B)式(B-I-a)的化合物:
上文所述的优选方案以合适的方式同样适用于本发明的该实施方案。
下述实施例更详细地阐述本发明。所有百分数和份数均基于重量,除非另有说明。
所测试的添加剂:
添加剂(B-I-a):
添加剂(B-I-b):
添加剂(B-I-c):
添加剂(B-II-a):
添加剂(B-II-b):
添加剂(B-II-c):
添加剂(C-II-a):
协同增效作用的确定:
两种共添加剂((α)和(β))的协同增效作用通过将计算的YI(黄度指数)与实测YI比较而确定。YI值基于叠加定律(B.Ranby和J.F.Rabek;Photodegradation,Photo-oxidation and Photostabilization of Polymers,Principles and Applications,John Wiley & Sons,London,New York,Sydney,Toronto,1975,第418-419页)根据如下方程计算:
当YI实测值<YI计算值时,所述两种共添加剂存在协同增效作用。
实施例1:环状烯烃聚合物膜的稳定化
在室温下,在使用表1所述添加剂下,将10g商品环状烯烃聚合物(480R,由Nippon Zeon Co.,Ltd.生产)溶于氯仿(70%)、环己烷(20%)和(10%)的40g混合物中。然后,在室温下将5g溶液倾于晶片上借助并流延机将所述溶液在晶片上均匀涂展。在蒸发溶剂10分钟后,获得20微米溶液流延膜。
加速老化使用Atlas Ci65A Weather-O计进行,以干模式运行(ASTM G26C)。
表1:20微米环状烯烃聚合物膜老化后的YI
*)希望该值较低。
实施例2:聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的稳定化
在室温下,在使用表2所述的添加剂下,将10g聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(7N,Evonik生产)溶于40g二氯甲烷中。然后,在室温下将5g溶液倾于晶片上借助并流延机将所述溶液在晶片上均匀涂展。在蒸发溶剂10分钟后,获得20微米溶液流延膜。
加速老化使用Atlas Ci65A Weather-O计进行,以干模式运行(ASTM G26C)。
表2:20微米聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯膜老化后的YI
*)希望该值较低。
实施例3:聚碳酸酯挤出膜试样的稳定化
将粉碎的市售聚碳酸酯(3108FBL,由Bayer MaterialScience生产)在120℃下,在真空干燥器(Vacutherm 1400)中干燥6小时,并在80℃下,在内混合机(MTI/M20FU)中与表3所述化合物混合。将该混合物用双螺杆挤出机(Berstorff ZE 25×32D)在280℃下复合。在120℃下干燥6小时后,将该组合物在280℃下再次用双螺杆挤出机(Berstorff ZE 25×32D)加工。在将该组合物进一步在120℃下干燥6小时后,在280℃下借助挤出机(Collin CR-136/350)获得0.1mm膜。
加速老化使用Atlas Ci65A Weather-O计进行,以湿模式运行(ASTM G26A)。
在初始和257小时后,使用Spectrafiash SF 600Plus,根据DIN 6167测定黄度指数(YI)。
结果列于表3中。
表3:0.1mm聚碳酸酯膜老化后的YI
*)希望该值较低。
实施例4:交联乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物的稳定化
在室温下,将市售交联乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA;PV1400,由DuPont生产)用过氧化物(101,由Arkema生产)浸泡。在70℃的温度下,使用压延混合机将该浸泡的EVA粒料与表4所列添加剂复合,借助压缩模塑机在150℃下经10分钟制备0.5mm压缩的交联EVA薄片。
加速老化使用以100mW/cm2辐照度,63℃黑色面板温度,50%湿度且不喷水而操作的Eye Super UV试验机SUV-W151(Iwasaki Electric Co.,Inc.)进行。
初始和规则间隔后,使用分光光度计(Konika-Minolta CM-3700d)测定黄度指数(YI)。
结果列于表4中。
表4:0.5mm EVA薄片老化后的YI
*)希望该值较低。
实施例5:UV吸收剂在聚(乙烯-共聚-乙酸乙烯酯)中的分散
将100份PV 1400(DuPont Ltd;具有32%相对重量含量的乙酸乙烯酯的聚(乙烯-共聚-乙酸乙烯酯))的粒料与表5中相应相对重量的添加剂借助混合机(Plast-Corder,Brabender)在70℃和150℃下复合5分钟。所制备的复合材料借助压缩模塑机(Suter Inc.)在70℃下经3分钟转化成0.5mm厚的压缩薄片。在该薄片的制备过程中,不施加真空,即低于大气压的压力。
在制备的薄片中,对大于0.25mm的可见粒子进行计数。结果列于表5中。
表5:
实施例6:晶体硅光伏组件中的交联聚(乙烯-共聚-乙酸乙烯酯)的稳定化薄片生产:
在旋转玻璃烧瓶中在室温下,在无其他溶剂下,将100份ELVAX PV1400(RTM DuPont Ltd,具有32%相对重量含量的乙酸乙烯酯的聚(乙烯-共聚-乙酸乙烯酯))粒料用1份液体Luperox 101(RTM Arkema Inc.,其含有2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(过氧化叔丁基)己烷[CAS-No.78-63-7])浸泡1-2小时。
将该浸泡的粒料和表6中相应相对重量的添加剂在低于70℃下借助压延混合机(Schwabenthan Inc.)复合10分钟。将制备的复合材料借助压缩模塑机(Suter Inc.)在70℃下经3分钟转变成0.5mm厚的压缩薄片。在该薄片的制备过程中不施加真空,即低于大气压的压力。
组件生产:
在层压机(Meier Group)中,在玻璃(Glas Mayer)上层压上述EVA薄片、晶体硅电池(Qcells的Q6LTT3)、上述EVA薄片和背板(Isovolta的型号2442,厚度0.17mm)。在程序控制的层压工艺(层压温度:140℃,在真空下1小时)后,得到组件。
老化试验:
将该制备的组件暴露于加速老化试验下,所述老化使用以100mW/cm2辐照度,63℃黑色面板温度,50%湿度且不喷水而操作的Eye Super UV试验机SUV-W151(Iwasaki Electric Co.,Inc.)进行。
初始和规则间隔以后,根据日本工业标准JIS C 8914用太阳模拟器PEC-L11(Peccell Technologies Inc.)和源表KEITHLEY 2400DigitalSourceMeter(Keithley Instruments Inc.)测量组件的开路电压(Voc)。希望仍保持各值。
表6:
薄片 | 在复合前添加的添加剂混合物,相对于100份浸泡的粒料 |
1号 | 0.2份添加剂(B-I-a)+0.2份添加剂(B-II-a) |
2号 | 0.2份添加剂(B-I-a)+0.2份添加剂(B-II-b) |
所得结果显示,上表所述添加剂混合物具有良好的稳定作用。
Claims (15)
1.一种光伏组件,其包含如下部件:
(1)光伏半导体,和
(2)一个或多个层,其包含:
(A)彼此独立地为合成聚合物,和
(B)包含选自式(B-I)和(B-II)化合物的两种或更多种不同化合物的混合物:
其中
E1为氢;C1-C18烷基;被1、2或3个选自-OH、C2-C18链烯氧基、-C(O)OX1和-OC(O)X2的基团取代的C1-C18烷基,其中X1和X2独立地为C1-C18烷基;间隔有氧的C3-C50烷基或间隔有氧的C3-C50羟基烷基;
E2,E3,E4和E5独立地为氢、C1-C18烷基、苯基或被1、2或3个C1-C4烷基取代的苯基;
其中
A0为氢或-OH;
A1,A2,A3和A4独立地为氢;C1-C18烷基;被1、2或3个选自-OH、C2-C18链烯氧基、-C(O)OY1和-OC(O)Y2的基团取代的C1-C18烷基,其中Y1和Y2独立地为C1-C18烷基;间隔有氧的C3-C50烷基或间隔有氧的C3-C50羟基烷基;
和任选的(C)至少一种2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶衍生物。
2.根据权利要求1的光伏组件,其中所述合成聚合物(A)选自:线性或交联聚烯烃均聚物、环状烯烃均聚物、环状烯烃共聚物、线性或交联聚烯烃共聚物、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、交联乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚氨酯、氟化聚合物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚硅氧烷。
3.根据权利要求1的光伏组件,其中一个或多个部件(2)层选自:
(2-a)正面支撑层,
(2-b)封装层,和
(2-c)背面衬底层。
4.根据权利要求3的光伏组件,其中所述封装层(2-b)含有选自线性或交联聚烯烃均聚物、线性或交联聚烯烃共聚物、环状烯烃均聚物、环状烯烃共聚物、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、交联乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚氨酯和聚硅氧烷的合成聚合物(A)。
5.根据权利要求3的光伏组件,其中所述背面衬底层(2-c)含有选自聚酯、聚酰胺和氟化聚合物的合成聚合物(A)。
6.根据权利要求1的光伏组件,其中所述光伏半导体(1)含有晶体硅或无定形硅。
8.根据权利要求1的光伏组件,其中组分(B)为:
化合物(B-I-a)与(B-II-a)的混合物,
化合物(B-I-a)与(B-II-b)的混合物,或者
化合物(B-I-c)与(B-II-c)的混合物。
10.根据权利要求1的光伏组件,其中所述一个或多个部件(2)层含有组分(A)、(B)和(C)。
11.根据权利要求1的光伏组件,其中所述一个或多个部件(2)层含有一种或多种选自如下组的其他组分:
(D)苯并***类UV吸收剂,
(E)酚类抗氧化剂,
(F)碱性助稳定剂,和
(G)中和剂。
13.根据权利要求1的光伏组件,其中组分(A)为交联乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物且组分(B)为含有式(B-I)化合物和式(B-II)化合物的混合物。
14.如权利要求1所定义的组分(B)在稳定存在于光伏组件中的一个或多个合成聚合物层中的用途。
15.一种光伏组件,其包含如下部件:
(1)光伏半导体,和
(2)一个或多个层,其包含:
(A)交联乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,和
(B)式(B-I-a)化合物:
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- 2010-08-12 JP JP2012525137A patent/JP5808326B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-08-12 EP EP10741971A patent/EP2467878A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-08-12 CN CN201080036848.XA patent/CN102484145B/zh active Active
- 2010-08-12 WO PCT/EP2010/061725 patent/WO2011020762A1/en active Application Filing
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TWI785037B (zh) * | 2017-05-31 | 2022-12-01 | 美商陶氏全球科技有限責任公司 | 用於密封劑膜的非極性基於乙烯之聚合物組合物 |
CN112334530A (zh) * | 2018-06-21 | 2021-02-05 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 保护膜和片材 |
CN112334530B (zh) * | 2018-06-21 | 2023-12-12 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 保护膜和片材 |
CN115448891A (zh) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-12-09 | 烟台新特路新材料科技有限公司 | 一种三嗪类耐紫外蓝光吸收剂及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2467878A1 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
CN102484145B (zh) | 2015-08-19 |
JP5808326B2 (ja) | 2015-11-10 |
US20120145236A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 |
WO2011020762A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
KR20120104164A (ko) | 2012-09-20 |
JP2013502712A (ja) | 2013-01-24 |
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