CN102482969B - 内燃机的排气净化装置 - Google Patents

内燃机的排气净化装置 Download PDF

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CN102482969B
CN102482969B CN200980159602.9A CN200980159602A CN102482969B CN 102482969 B CN102482969 B CN 102482969B CN 200980159602 A CN200980159602 A CN 200980159602A CN 102482969 B CN102482969 B CN 102482969B
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浅沼孝充
梅本寿丈
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Abstract

本发明提供一种内燃机的排气净化装置,其具备氨氧化催化装置3和紧邻地配置在氨氧化催化装置的上游侧的氨保持装置4,氨保持装置具有固体酸,氨氧化催化装置的温度在N2O生成温度范围内时,保持氨,抑制其流入氨氧化催化装置,氨氧化催化装置的温度在N2O生成温度范围外时,将保持的氨脱离,使其流入氨氧化催化装置。

Description

内燃机的排气净化装置
技术领域
本发明涉及内燃机的排气净化装置。 
背景技术
在柴油发动机这样实施稀燃的内燃机的排气***中配置有用于净化废气中的NOX的NOX催化装置。作为这样的NOX催化装置,公知的是将与废气一起供给的尿素水解而产生氨,将该氨NH3作为还原剂使用来选择性地还原净化废气中的NOX的选择还原型NOX催化装置。 
在这样的选择还原型NOX催化装置中,为了抑制向大气中放出未被用于NOX还原的氨,提出了在选择还原型NOX催化装置的下游侧配置氨氧化催化装置。 
但是,在这样的氨氧化催化装置中,在比较低的温度下对氨进行氧化时,生成一氧化二氮(或氧化亚氮)N2O。由于不希望向大气放出N2O,因此提出了将氨氧化催化装置升温,抑制在比较低的温度下的氨的氧化(参照专利文献1)。 
专利文献1:日本特开2008-255899 
发明内容
的确,如果将氨氧化催化装置升温,使氨氧化,则可以减少N2O的生成量。但是,为了将氨氧化催化装置升温,需要燃料或电能等,无论如何都会恶化燃料消耗。 
因此,本发明的目的是提供抑制燃料消耗的恶化且能够充分地减少N2O的生成量的具备氨氧化催化装置的内燃机的排气净化装置。 
根据本发明权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,特征在于,具备氨氧化催化装置和紧邻地配置在所述氨氧化催化装置的上游侧的氨保持装置,所述氨保持装置具有沸石,所述氨氧化催化装置的温度在 N2O生成温度范围内时,保持氨而抑制其流入所述氨氧化催化装置,所述氨氧化催化装置的温度在N2O生成温度范围外时,将保持的氨脱离而使其流入所述氨氧化催化装置。 
根据本发明权利要求2所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,特征在于,在权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置中,所述氨氧化催化装置具有颗粒捕集功能。 
根据本发明权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,具备氨氧化催化装置和紧邻地配置在氨氧化催化装置的上游侧的氨保持装置,氨保持装置具有沸石,因为氨氧化催化装置的温度在N2O生成温度范围内时,氨保持装置保持氨而抑制其流入氨氧化催化装置,所以氨氧化催化装置的温度低至N2O生成温度范围内时,即使不消耗燃料来将氨氧化催化装置升温,也不发生大量的氨被氧化而生成大量的N2O,另外,因为氨氧化催化装置的温度在N2O生成温度范围外时,氨保持装置将保持的氨脱离而使其流入氨氧化催化装置,所以如果氨氧化催化装置的温度升高至N2O生成温度范围外,则可以使从氨保持装置脱离的氨在不生成大量的N2O的情况下良好地被氧化,可以抑制燃料消耗的恶化,充分地减少N2O的生成量。 
根据本发明权利要求2所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,在权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置中,氨氧化催化装置具有颗粒捕集功能,不需要另外配置颗粒过滤器并为了烧掉捕集颗粒而将颗粒过滤器升温,在氨氧化催化装置中捕集的颗粒可以通过使氨氧化时的反应热而自动地烧掉。 
附图说明
图1是表示根据本发明的内燃机的排气净化装置的实施方式的示意图。 
图2是具有颗粒捕集功能的氨氧化催化装置的放大部分纵剖面图。 
图3是图2的A-A剖面图。 
图4是表示相对于氨氧化催化装置的温度的N2O生成量的变化以及NO生成量的变化的曲线图。 
图5是表示相对于沸石的温度的氨脱离量的变化的曲线图。 
具体实施方式
图1是表示根据本发明的内燃机的排气净化装置的示意图。在该图中,1是柴油发动机或直接喷射式火花点火内燃机之类的实施稀燃的内燃机的排气通路。在这样的内燃机的废气中,含有比较多的NOX,因此在排气通路1上配置有用于净化NOX的NOX催化装置2。 
NOX催化装置2是将与废气一起供给的尿素水解而产生氨,将该氨NH3作为还原剂使用而选择性地还原净化废气中的NOX的选择还原型NOX催化装置。 
这样的选择还原型NOX催化装置2配置于排气通路1时,为了抑制向大气中放出未被用于NOX还原的氨,在选择还原型NOX催化装置2的下游侧配置有用于使氨氧化的氨氧化催化装置3。氨氧化催化装置3例如在整体式载体上利用氧化铝担载有铂Pt。 
图4是表示利用这样的氨氧化催化装置使氨氧化时的N2O(一氧化二氮或氧化亚氮)生成量和NO生成量的曲线图。如图4所示,在氨氧化催化装置3的温度为350℃以下这样比较低的温度时,氨被氧化的情况下,NO的生成量显著减少,N2O的生成量显著增加。不希望向大气中放出N2O。 
在本实施方式中,将氨保持装置4紧邻地配置在氨氧化催化装置3的上游侧。如图1所示,氨保持装置4与氨氧化催化装置3配置在同一罩壳内。 
氨保持装置4在整体式载体上设有用于保持氨的固体酸,例如,在整体式载体上作为固体酸形成有沸石层。另外,也可以是将沸石形成整块状的氨保持装置。 
图5是表示相对于沸石的温度的氨脱离量的变化的曲线图,沸石之类的固体酸在温度为350℃以下时良好地保持氨,温度超过350℃时,将保持的氨脱离。 
由此,设有沸石层的氨保持装置4紧邻地配置在氨氧化催化装置3的上游侧时,氨保持装置4的温度与氨氧化催化装置3的温度几乎相同,氨氧化催化装置3的温度在N2O生成温度范围内(例如350℃以下时) 时,氨保持装置4可以良好地保持从选择还原型NOX催化装置2流出的氨,并充分地抑制氨流入氨氧化催化装置3。 
另外,氨氧化催化装置3的温度在N2O生成温度范围外(例如超过350℃时)时,氨保持装置4将保持的氨脱离而使其流入氨氧化催化装置3,氨在氨氧化催化装置3中被氧化时,容易生成NO或N2,而不是N2O。这样,不需要特别地将氨氧化催化装置3升温,就可以充分地减少使氨氧化时的N2O的生成量。 
氨保持装置4不限于沸石,只要具有任意的固体酸,就可以在N2O生成温度范围内保持氨,在N2O生成温度范围外使氨脱离,也可以利用氧化铝使例如二氧化钛、氧化锆或二氧化硅之类固体酸担载于整体式载体。 
然而,柴油发动机的废气中含有颗粒,在排气通路1上可以设置用于抑制向大气中放出颗粒的颗粒过滤器。由此,也可以使氨氧化催化装置3作为颗粒过滤器发挥功能。图2是具有颗粒捕集功能的氨氧化催化装置3的放大部分纵剖面图,图3是图2的A-A剖面图。 
如图2和图3所示,氨氧化催化装置3的载体由堇青石之类的多孔材料形成,具有被多个在轴线方向延伸存在的隔壁31细分的多个轴线方向空间。相邻的二个轴线方向空间,一个在排气下游侧被栓33封闭,另一个在排气上游侧被栓33封闭。这样,相邻的二个轴线方向空间中的一个成为废气的流入通路33,另一个成为流出通路34,废气如图2的箭头所示,必定会通过隔壁31。废气中的颗粒与隔壁31的细孔的大小相比非常小,冲撞到隔壁31的排气上游侧表面和隔壁54内的细孔表面上而被捕集。这样,各隔壁31可以作为捕集颗粒的捕集壁而发挥功能。各隔壁31的两侧表面上使用氧化铝等担载作为氧化催化剂的铂Pt。 
如果像这样使氨氧化催化装置3还作为颗粒过滤器发挥功能,则捕集在隔壁31上的颗粒可以通过使氨氧化时的反应热而自动地烧掉。由此,与将颗粒过滤器另外配置于排气通路的情况相比,不仅可以降低排气净化装置的成本,也不需要为了将捕集颗粒烧掉而例如在颗粒过滤器上配置氧化催化剂并供给燃料。 
符号说明 
1排气通路 
2NOX催化装置 
3氨氧化催化装置 
4氨保持装置 

Claims (2)

1.一种内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,具备氨氧化催化装置和紧邻地配置在所述氨氧化催化装置的上游侧的氨保持装置,所述氨保持装置具有沸石,所述氨氧化催化装置的温度在N2O生成温度范围内时,保持氨,抑制氨流入所述氨氧化催化装置,所述氨氧化催化装置的温度在N2O生成温度范围外时,将保持的氨脱离,使氨流入所述氨氧化催化装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,所述氨氧化催化装置具有颗粒捕集功能。 
CN200980159602.9A 2009-06-16 2009-06-16 内燃机的排气净化装置 Expired - Fee Related CN102482969B (zh)

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