CN102459851B - 用于使由燃气运行的内燃机起动的方法 - Google Patents

用于使由燃气运行的内燃机起动的方法 Download PDF

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CN102459851B
CN102459851B CN201080026172.6A CN201080026172A CN102459851B CN 102459851 B CN102459851 B CN 102459851B CN 201080026172 A CN201080026172 A CN 201080026172A CN 102459851 B CN102459851 B CN 102459851B
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M·伯格
T·鲍菲尔德
H·莫尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于使由燃气运行的、具有内燃***的内燃机(ICE)，特别是大型气体发动机起动的方法，其中，可燃烧的气体/空气-混合物在进气***(I)中、特别在位于增压器(7)上游的气体混合器(9)中形成，所述内燃机具有第一组(A)和第二组(B)气缸(1，2，3，4，5，6)，其中，在起动阶段，第一组(A)气缸(2，3，6)至少短暂地点火运行，而压缩空气至少短暂地吹入第二组(B)气缸(1，4，5)的气缸室内。为了能够使内燃机可靠地冷起动，执行下述步骤：-分别用每个气缸至少一个起动火花塞(22)来点燃第一组(A)气缸(2，3，6)的气缸室内的气体/空气-混合气；-当该内燃机的转速超过定义的起步转速(n2)时，停止向第二组(B)气缸(1，4，5)输送压缩空气，并且分别用每个气缸至少一个起动火花塞(22)来点燃吹入第二组(B)气缸(1，4，5)的所述气缸室内的气体/空气-混合气；-当在气缸(1，2，3，4，5，6)的气缸室内达到定义的运行温度时，将待自燃的引燃燃料送入第一组和第二组(A，B)气缸(1，2，3，4，6)的气缸室内；并且借助于待自燃的引燃燃料点燃气体/空气-混合气，此时，起动火花塞不工作。

Description

用于使由燃气运行的内燃机起动的方法
本发明涉及一种用于使由燃气运行的、具有内燃***的内燃机，特别是大型气体发动机起动的方法，其中，可燃烧的气体/空气-混合物在进气***中、特别是在位于增压器上游的气体混合器中形成，该内燃机包括第一组和第二组气缸，其中在起动过程中第一组气缸至少短暂地点火运行，而压缩空气至少短暂地吹入第二组气缸的气缸室内。
由JP 06 200 57 539 A已知一种具有两个V形布置的气缸座的大型气体发动机，其中，在起动阶段，第一气缸座点火运行，而第二气缸座不点火运行。在此，第二气缸座与燃料供给装置分开并与压缩空气供给装置连接。
在大型气体发动机中，通常直接在进气***中或在废气涡轮增压机上游的中央气体混合器中形成混合气。混合气在废气涡轮增压机中被压缩，并且在经过增压空气冷却器之后经由充入混合气管路(Ladegemischleitung)输送到各个气缸。在用压缩空气来起动时，气体/空气-混合气通过压缩空气如此变稀，以使内燃机不点火且由此也不起动。
本发明任务是避免这些缺点并且对于用燃气来运行的内燃机，即使在低温时也能可靠地起动。
根据本发明，这通过执行如下步骤来实现：
分别用每个气缸至少一个起动火花塞来点燃第一组气缸的气缸室内的气体/空气-混合气；
当内燃机的转速超过定义的起步转速时，停止对第二组气缸输送压缩空气，并且分别用每个气缸至少一个起动火花塞来点燃第二组气缸的气缸室内被吹入的气体/空气-混合气；
当在气缸的气缸室内达到定义的运行温度时，将待自燃的引燃燃料送入第一组和第二组气缸的气缸室内，并且借助于待自燃的引燃燃料点燃气体/空气-混合气，此时起动火花塞不工作；
此时特别有利的是，在起动过程开始时，只要内燃机的转速低于定义的起动转速，就将压缩空气吹入第一组和第二组气缸的所有气缸内，并且在超过起动转速时不将压缩空气输送到第一组气缸，其中较佳地，起动转速(Losbrechdrehzahl)等于约50％的起步转速。
较佳地设置，在由曲轴预先给定的点火顺序中，气缸交替地属于一组和另一组。
因此，起初所有气缸都加载有压缩空气，以克服起动力矩并实现先前确定的起动转速。在达到起动转速时，在由曲轴预先给定的点火顺序中，在一半气缸中，即在每隔一个气缸中，借助于至这些气缸的压缩空气供给管路中的压缩空气阀来中断起动空气的输送。在与起动气体供给装置分开的气缸中，吸入的气体/空气-混合气可借助于火花塞点燃并由此使发动机起动。在达到发动机特定的起步转速时，也停止向其余气缸输送起动空气，因而，也在这些气缸内可开始燃烧。在暖机和内燃机开始承受负载之后，具有微引燃喷射装置的共轨***使混合气分别在每个气缸一个预燃室内点燃，因而，可切断起动火花塞。在此，引燃燃料通过喷嘴孔从预燃室送入由气缸室构成的主燃烧室中。
下面根据附图进一步阐述本发明。
附图示出具有成排布置的气缸1至6的内燃机，其中，气缸2、3和6属于第一组A，而气缸2、4和6属于第二组B。内燃机ICE具有进气***I和排气***E。可燃烧的气体/空气-混合气在废气涡轮增压机8的增压器7上游、在气体混合器9中形成，其中，输入的空气用附图标记10、送入的燃气用附图标记11并且气体/空气-混合气用附图标记12来表示。气体/空气-混合气12经由增压器7和增压空气冷却器13输送到各气缸1至6。为了在运行过程中点燃气体/空气-混合气12，设置用于喷入待自燃的引燃燃料的共轨***14，其中，分别对于每个气缸1至6，引燃燃料被喷入通入气缸室的预燃室15，这些预燃室15经由喷射孔与由气缸室构成的主燃室流动连接。例如由柴油构成的引燃燃料经由喷嘴孔到达主燃室并在那里点燃气体/空气-混合气。
为了使内燃机ICE起动，压缩空气***16设置有压缩空气源17，该压缩空气源经由压缩空气供给管路18和压缩空气馈送管路19与各个气缸1至6流动连接。此时在压缩空气馈送管路19中分别设置例如由磁阀构成的压缩空气阀20和止回阀21，其中，压缩空气馈送管路19分别通入每个气缸1至6的各气缸室内。此外，每个气缸1至6分别设有通入气缸室的起动火花塞22。
为了使内燃机ICE可靠地起动，在起动过程开始时，对于静止的曲轴，所有气缸1至6都加载有压缩空气，以克服起动力矩并达到先前确定的起动转速n1，该起动转速是典型的起步转速n2的例如50％。在达到起动转速n1时，第一组A的气缸2、3和6借助于压缩空气阀20与压缩空气供给装置分离，由此在气缸室内，被送入的气体/空气-混合气通过压缩空气停止稀薄化，并由此产生可点燃的气体/空气-混合气。通过使起动火花塞22工作，吸入的气体/空气-混合气在第一组A的气缸2、3和6中被点燃并由此使内燃机ICE起动。从超过发动机特定的起步转速n2开始，停止将压缩空气输送到其余的第二组B气缸1、4、5，以使在这些气缸内也可开始燃烧。在暖机和内燃机ICE开始承受负载之后，用于微引燃喷射的共轨***使混合气在预燃室15内点燃，因而，可切断起动火花塞22。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于使由燃气运行的、具有内燃***的内燃机（ICE）起动的方法，其中，可燃烧的气体/空气-混合物在进气***（I）中中形成，所述内燃机具有第一组（A）和第二组（B）气缸（1，2，3，4，5，6），在起动阶段，第一组（A）气缸（2，3，6）至少短暂地点火运行，而压缩空气至少短暂地吹入第二组（B）气缸（1，4，5）的气缸室内，其特征在于，执行如下步骤；
-在起动过程开始时，只要所述内燃机的转速低于定义的起动转速（n1），压缩空气就被吹入所述第一组和第二组（A，B）气缸（1，2，3，4，5，6）的所有气缸（1，2，3，4，5，6）内，而在所述内燃机的转速超过所述起动转速（n1）时，压缩空气不输送到所述第一组（A）气缸（2，3，6）；
-分别用每个气缸至少一个起动火花塞（22）来点燃所述第一组（A）气缸（2，3，6）的气缸室内的气体/空气-混合气；
-当所述内燃机的转速超过定义的起步转速（n2）时，停止向所述第二组（B）气缸（1，4，5）输送压缩空气，并分别用每个气缸至少一个起动火花塞（22）来点燃吹入所述第二组（B）气缸（1，4，5）的所述气缸室内的气体/空气-混合气；
-当在所述气缸（1，2，3，4，5，6）的所述气缸室内达到定义的运行温度时，将待自燃的引燃燃料送入所述第一组和第二组（A，B）气缸（1，2，3，4，6）的所述气缸室内，并且借助于所述待自燃的引燃燃料点燃所述气体/空气-混合气，其中，所述起动火花塞不工作。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述起动转速（n1）等于所述起步转速（n2）的约50％。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在由曲轴预先给定的点火顺序中，所述气缸交替地属于一组（A；B）和另一组（B；A）。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述内燃机是大型气体发动机。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述可燃烧的气体/空气-混合物在位于增压器（7）上游的气体混合器（9）中形成。
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