CN102437152A - Side-view surface mount white LED - Google Patents
Side-view surface mount white LED Download PDFInfo
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- CN102437152A CN102437152A CN2011103799648A CN201110379964A CN102437152A CN 102437152 A CN102437152 A CN 102437152A CN 2011103799648 A CN2011103799648 A CN 2011103799648A CN 201110379964 A CN201110379964 A CN 201110379964A CN 102437152 A CN102437152 A CN 102437152A
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- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
- H01L33/501—Wavelength conversion elements characterised by the materials, e.g. binder
- H01L33/502—Wavelength conversion materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7728—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing europium
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- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/0073—Light emitting diode [LED]
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- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/0068—Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
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- H01L2224/48245—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic
- H01L2224/48247—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic connecting the wire to a bond pad of the item
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/483—Containers
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- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/52—Encapsulations
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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Abstract
A light emitting diode is disclosed. The diode includes a package support and a semiconductor chip on the package support, with the chip including an active region that emits light in the visible portion of the spectrum. Metal contacts are in electrical communication with the chip on the package. A substantially transparent encapsulant covers the chip in the package. A phosphor in the encapsulant emits a frequency in the visible spectrum different from the frequency emitted by the chip and in response to the wavelength emitted by the chip. A display element is also disclosed that combines the light emitting diode and a planar display element. The combination includes a substantially planar display element with the light emitting diode positioned on the perimeter of the display element and with the package support directing the output of the diode substantially parallel to the plane of the display element.
Description
The application divides an application, and the application number of its original bill application is 200780014958.4, and the applying date is on April 4th, 2007, and denomination of invention is " side-view surface mount white LED ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to light-emitting diode (LED) and be specifically related to be used in the side-looking mounted on surface occasion and produce the packaged LED of white light.
Background technology
The basic physics character of light-emitting diode be in the art be widely known by the people and in some data, be able to explanation; These data include, but are not limited to; Sze; Physics of Semiconductor Devices, second edition (1981) and Sze, Modern Semiconductor Device Physics (1998).The practical application of light-emitting diode also be widely known by the people and in many data, be able to explanation with useful mode; These data comprise LED Lighting Systems; NLPIP Lighting Answers, the 3rd phase the 7th of May in 2003 rolls up, and Schubert; Light Emitting Diodes (Cambridge University Press, 2003).
The surface-mounted light-emitting diode of side-looking (also be called as " viewed device (side-looker) " or " side viewer " (sidelooker)) is packed in the following manner LED; That is their radiation beam is sent on the plane that, is parallel to circuit board or similar fastener.Like this, the side viewer diode that can produce white light can be used for being attached in the less relatively device, such as color screen display, PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), portable game device and the similarly application of portable phone.
These are used and often use LCD (LCD), polarization material and colour filter to produce panchromatic effect.Because typical liquid crystal does not produce light, so they are exported with the visible light that light source and other display elements come together to produce hope usually.Owing to many reasons (low cost, long-life, reliability), light-emitting diode is used as light source in this display of being everlasting.Therefore, the LED of generation white light is particularly useful to these purposes.
In the less or lower powered display unit such as the mobile phone equal-volume, a kind of design is along the edge of other display elements or periphery is placed white light LED diode.When LED was placed on this position, their output was arranged essentially parallel to rather than perpendicular to display.Therefore, be called as the surface-mounted diode of side-looking or " side viewer " by the diode that encapsulates with the mode of laterally launching output with respect to the plane (being generally circuit board or display element) of regulation.
Usually, light-emitting diode utilizes two kinds of diverse ways to produce white light.In a kind of therein method, a plurality of complementary colours (complimentary hue) (for example, red, green and blue) LED combines to produce white light.In another approach, the light-emitting diode that sends the part of higher-energy in the visible spectrum (that is, blue light, purple light or ultraviolet light) sends with what for example when by the photon excitation of higher-energy, send gold-tinted that the fluorophor than low energy area uses in the visible spectrum.Through suitably selecting, the radiation of sending by the diode generation white light that combines with the yellow radiation of sending by fluorophor.
The R-G-B diode method can provide in some cases color more real advantage, but requires each LED look active feedback usually and each LED look is controlled.Optional is, the method for single diode and fluorophor is slightly simple at aspects such as physique and circuit, because it only needs single (being generally blue) LED and one or more fluorophor, this fluorophor is carried by the sealant that is adjacent to diode chip for backlight unit usually.
For many these display unit, visibility is exactly a main purpose.Therefore, obtain light output as much as possible from any given source and remain set objective.Yet in side viewer LED, the intermediate manufacturer in the time of end user and some can experience visible light output and be lower than the performance that basic diode indicates.In this, the output of semiconductor diode (being herein referred to as " chip ") itself representes with the form of power usually, for example milliwatt (mW).Yet, because the final use of diode is to be used for display, so its output when encapsulation is used measured and expression with the form of luminous intensity usually.Luminous intensity is measured with the form of candela (candela) (lumen/surface of sphere).Because candela is defined as, the monochromatic source of 555 nanometers (nm) is the size of electromagnetic field on the direction of 1.46 milliwatts/surface of sphere in a certain intensity, and diode desirable brightness output in theory can calculate according to its power output.
Yet in actual conditions, many factors (some of them are inevitable) make efficient be reduced to less effectively actual output from theoretical value.As one of them factor, the p-n junction that in most of LED, produces light does not have intrinsic orientation output.But, from p-n junction along all direction ballistic phonons.Therefore, photon can be absorbed or internal reflection at some photons when these different directions move.
Other factors that can reduce output comprise the quantity and the composition of fluorophor, its placement location, the composition of sealant and geometry, and the geometry of encapsulation.
Therefore, produce the delivery efficiency that brighter display requires to improve the side-view surface mount white light-emitting diode.
Summary of the invention
One aspect of the present invention is a light-emitting diode.This diode comprises package support, is positioned at the semiconductor chip on the package support, and chip comprises the active area of the light in the visible light part of sending spectrum.Metal Contact portion and the chip telecommunication that encapsulates.The sealant of substantial transparent covers the chip in the reflective package (reflective package).Fluorophor in the sealant sends the different radiation of radiation of sending with chip in the visible spectrum, and the radiation of sending of the rdaiation response chip that sends of fluorophor.
Another aspect of the invention is display element, its display element with light-emitting diode and plane is combined.This combination comprises the display element that is roughly the plane, and light-emitting diode is positioned on the periphery of display element, and the output of package support steering diode is arranged essentially parallel to the plane of display element.
Based on below in conjunction with the specifying of accompanying drawing, above-mentioned and other purposes of the present invention and advantage and their implementation will become clearer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the perspective diagram that illustrates by the chip of part encapsulation.
Fig. 2 is the sketch map that the conventional encapsulated LED chip that includes fluorophor is shown.
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are the photos that is used in according to the phosphor particle in the device of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is chromatic diagram and the output that shows various basic devices.
Fig. 7 to Figure 13 is the cross-sectional schematic that illustrates according to the diode of encapsulation of the present invention.
Figure 14 to Figure 16 is the end view according to diode of the present invention.
Figure 17 is the perspective schematic view according to display element of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show the overview of LED structure, form suitable background so that the present invention is further explained.The present invention is a light-emitting diode the most in the broadest sense with regard to of the present invention, and it comprises package support and the semiconductor chip on package support.In exemplary embodiment, package support is reflexive (or bag reflecting element), thereby strengthens light output.Chip comprises: send the visible light part of spectrum or the active area (layer, p-n junction) of the light in the UV part; Metal Contact portion with chip telecommunication on the reflective package; Cover the sealant of the substantial transparent of the chip on the reflective package; With the fluorophor in the sealant, this fluorophor sends the radiation of the wavelength long (energy is lower than the energy of the radiation that chip sends) of the radiation that the wavelength ratio chip in the visible spectrum sends, and the wavelength of this rdaiation response chip radiation of sending.Chip is along side-looking side orientation, and the wavelength that sends of the wavelength that sends of chip and fluorophor combine to produce the interior white light of suitable boundary on the chromatic diagram.
Thus, Fig. 1 shows the diode chip for backlight unit of local encapsulation, and its integral body is designated as 20.The semiconductor portions of " chip " expression device because term " light-emitting diode " or " LED " through being usually used in whole packaging, therefore use a technical term here.Fig. 1 shows reflective package support 21, and the figure after will reaching with reference to Fig. 7 describes the characteristic and the structure of this support in more detail.Fig. 1 should be understood that it is schematically, and the shape and size that therefore illustrate have been merely purpose clearly and can not be understood that the definite expression of concrete device.
As shown in Figure 1, reflective package 21 comprises the wall 22 and base plate 23 of four downward-sloping (or vertical in some cases) qualification reflective recess.Thereby semiconductor chip 24 is placed on the base plate 23 on reflective package 21.Though chip 24 is shown schematically as rectangle 24, it should be understood that chip 24 includes the source region, this active area generally includes a plurality of epitaxial loayers and sends the visible light part of spectrum or the p-n junction of the light in the UV part.Chip 24 telecommunications on pair of metal contact site 25,26 and the reflective package 21.To describe its definite relation in detail with reference to Fig. 7 and figure afterwards, but generally speaking, one (being 25 among Fig. 1) in the current-carrying part of chip 24 and the Metal Contact portion electrically contacts, and lead 27 is connected chip 24 with another contact site 26.Though contact site 25,26 is shown schematically as the rectangle stereo structure, it should be understood that the purpose of contact site 25,26 is to be assembled in the suitable circuit board complementary device (complementary device), so they can be shaped as required.
Fig. 2 be whole by 30 indicate, illustrate another layout of the light-emitting diode that is used to encapsulate sketch map.In Fig. 2, semiconductor chip 31 directly is placed on the metal lead frame element 32.Complementary Metal Contact portion 33 forms the part of whole encapsulation 30 and passes through lead 34 and chip 31 telecommunications.
Fig. 2 also shows the sealant of substantial transparent, and it covers the chip 31 on lead frame 32 in the encapsulation 30.Though sealant is not shown among Fig. 1, if schematically describe, sealant can the part or the recess that in reflective package 21, limits of complete filling inclined wall 22 and base plate 23 in.
Fig. 2 show be included in the sealant 35 on the whole by 36 fluorophor that indicate.Fluorophor 36 sends the radiation in the visible spectrum, and the energy of this radiation is lower to respond the wavelength that chip 31 sends than the energy of the radiation that chip 31 sends.
Utilize Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 as a setting, can understand other characteristics of the present invention with reference to remaining figure.
Have been found that according to the present invention the characteristic of fluorophor can improve the delivery efficiency of the surface-mounted diode of side-looking of type that this paper describes.Most fluorophor is the solid material through comprising that chemical reactions such as deposition and calcining are made.Fluorophor treated with the storage after, each physical particles of fluorophor can become piece.Usually, do not become the fluorophor of piece to be tending towards putting up a good show than the fluorophor that becomes piece.In addition, because do not become the better performances of piece particle, so can reduce particle size through grinding (milling) fluorophor.Yet milled processed can produce the non-radiation path of the optic response that reduces fluorophor owing to introduce blemish, thereby the optical property of fluorophor is descended.
In order to explain, Fig. 3 of the application is the photo that the piece fluorophor is shown into, and Fig. 4 is the photo into the piece fluorophor, and Fig. 5 is the photo of the fluorophor that ground.The suitable fluorophor of compensation blue radiation (that is) from chip comprise YAG:Ce (ccx=0.44, ccy=0/54) and derivative, (Sr, Ba)
2SiO
4: Eu (0.43,0.53), CaGa
2S
4: Eu, the SrGa of green light
2S
4: Eu (ccx=0.27, ccy=0.68), and glow (Sr, Ca) S:Eu (ccx=0.65, ccy=0.33), and scheme with reference to colourity (CIE) by relevant launch coordinate.
Preferably, based on the maximum sized diameter through given particle, the phosphor particle size should and be preferably more than about 2 μ m greater than about 1 micron (1 μ m), so that efficient is maximum.Littler particle is tending towards the deposition of avoiding suitable in sealant or distributes therefore being tending towards introducing irregular colour one.Certainly, particle is too big, no matter any fluorescence benefit all can cause physics to hinder to light, the result will make decreased performance.Therefore, though the upper limit needs not to be accurately, the size range of phosphor particle is preferably between about 2 microns to 25 microns.
It is generally acknowledged, will improve their handling property and dispersive property the coating of the particle of fluorophor.It is generally acknowledged, quantitatively by weight less than the for example silicon dioxide (SiO of one of about percentage (1%)
2) wait the inorganic coating of nano-scale (that is, less than about 15 nanometers) particle to adhere to the fluorophor surface will to play good action.Embodiment comprises the SNOWTEX line from the silica gel of the daily output chemistry u s company (Nissan Chemical America Corporation) of Houston, Texas, United States.Certainly, this coating is for being transparent from the driving frequency of chip with from the tranmitting frequency of fluorophor.
In a preferred embodiment, semiconductor chip according to the present invention is by processing such as wide bandgap semiconductor materials such as carborundum (SiC) or III group-III nitrides.Embodiment comprises the Cree from the Durham, North Carolina, Inc., i.e. assignee's of the present invention chip.Referring to, Cree Product, [online] http://www.cree.corn/products/index.htm (in April, 2006).Because the broad-band gap performance of these chips, these chips are tending towards sending the blue portion of visible spectrum.Therefore, the fluorophor that sends the yl moiety of spectrum is desirable compensation for the diode chip for backlight unit of blue light-emitting.Typical chip can send wavelength and be as short as the light of 380nm (that is, in UV) and can comprise with 3 volts (V) or littler forward voltage (with 20 milliamperes of (mA) electric currents) working chip.Chip can comprise that shaggy or lentiform surface or substrate are to strengthen light extraction.
The combination of fluorophor can make with blueness or UV luminescence chip and be used for producing white light; For example, blue and yellow, blue, green and red, and blue, green, yellow and red.Use three kinds or more colors to provide to select the chance of specific white point (white point) and better color rendering.Think that also the LED with more than emission peak is useful encouraging one or more fluorophor to produce white light.
As used herein the same, and in the art, term " white " is used for describing two or more emissions of generation, and this is transmitted in the output that combines the back that human eye is presented the device of shade of white (shade of white).Particularly, lighting device (CCT) is classified according to their " correlated colour temperature " sometimes, and the color that this correlated colour temperature will specifically be installed compares with a reference source that is heated to specified temp.CCT according to device of the present invention is at least 4500K to 8000K, and is 2700K to 10000K in some cases.
As the another kind of method of describing " in vain " light, Fig. 6 shows understandable colourity (or " CIE ") figure.But the people who is familiar with chromatic diagram and color characteristics will understand that when two kinds of look source times spent the unique issuable color in these two kinds of look sources combines and will drop on along the single line between these colors on the CIE figure.Through increasing the third or the 4th kind of color, effectively color dot (color point) drops in the polygon that the point each selected color limited.Therefore, when two kinds of fluorophor with two kinds of different emissions were used in combination with chip and the third color emission thereof, the color that diode sends can be designed to drop on the specific location in the chromatic diagram,, comprised the particular color of white that is.The position of expression white light is normally known in this area in the CIE figure.
Fig. 7 to Figure 13 shows chip, reflective package, sealant, fluorophor, possible diffuser, and in the middle of the contact site and various possible relation each other.
Fig. 7 shows integral body and is designated as 40 LED; Wherein semiconductor chip 41 is positioned on the base plate of reflective package 42; This reflective package 42 is usually by such as polyphthalamide (for example, from the Solvay Advanced Polymers of the Alpha Li Ta of Georgia State, USA, the AMODEL of L.L.C.) white resin or heat-resistant polyamide resin (for example; From the KurarayCO. of Tokyo, Japan, the GENESTAR of Ltd) form.Recess (Fig. 1) in the sealant 43 partially filled resin-encapsulated 42 and with respect to the formation meniscus 44 of other geometries of diode 40.
In Fig. 7, fluorophor 45 deposition (be defined herein to greater than 50% fluorophor be deposited in sealant 43 following 25% in).Can comprise in the sealant that diffuser 46 improves light output.When being used for here, diffuser is to help light in sealant, more effectively to disperse therefore to improve any solid particle of total output.Diffuser is generally pottery, and can be selected or revise with respect to chip, package geometry and fluorophor.
For example, as the refractive index that more approaches typical sealant on silica dioxide granule value of being provided at of diffuser, therefore as " more weak " diffuser.This makes that loss is lower.And, SiO
2Easily and can extensively obtain.
Carborundum (SiC) can be used as diffuser, also has low relatively loss, but the high index of refraction of carborundum is strong diffuser, and this is favourable in some cases.But carborundum more is difficult to processing than silicon dioxide usually under low particle size.
Can easily obtain and can combine other potteries as required such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) etc.Except pottery, perhaps except they are dispersed in the sealant, in fact diffuser can be pre-formed as the position that separate piece is positioned in hope then.As shown in Figure 7, diffuser 46 can be placed on chip 41 and the fluorophor 45 and be suspended in the sealant layer usually.
Fig. 7 also shows the contact site 47 with (in vain) resin-encapsulated 42.
Fig. 8 be chip 41 with some around the zoomed-in view of element.In Fig. 8, fluorophor 45 directly concentrates on the chip 41 with the orientation that is called as " drops " sometimes.Diffuser 46 is positioned in the sealant 43 between meniscus 44 and the fluorophor 45.The some parts of encapsulation 42 forms the background of Fig. 8.Lead 50 is connected at least one electrode of chip 41 with one of them contact site (not shown among Fig. 8).
Fig. 9 show integral body be designated as 52 execution mode (and with Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 in components identical represent by same numeral), wherein fluorophor 45 is placed on the chip 41 by means of the deposition process of for example electrophoretic deposition.This deposit with mode very uniformly with respect to chip 41, sealant 43 with encapsulate 42 location fluorophor.
Figure 10 shows following execution mode with the mode of amplifying: wherein fluorophor is included in directly being positioned in the prefabricated component 54 on the chip 41 as the parts of another part.In addition, other elements of Figure 10 are the same with other elements among Fig. 7 to Fig. 9.
Figure 11 shows the similar arrangements with Figure 10, but between chip 41 and fluorophor, has specified gap 56 or physical spacer element (or transparent spacer).The existence in gap makes light have an opportunity to flee from chip 41 before 54 at bump fluorophor prefabricated component (or other), the fluorophor that therefore prevents to be close to block light physically before light has an opportunity to convert into lower frequency.
In going back an execution mode (not shown), diffuser 46 can be placed more near chip 41 than fluorophor, therefore before light bump fluorophor, makes the light diffusion.
In exemplary embodiment, sealant is formed by one or more synthetics, selects according to physical property, optical property and the chemical property of synthetic.The typical synthetic that is used for sealant comprises silicon, epoxy resin, synthetic rubber, some gel, thermoplastic resin and acrylic resin.Usually, sealant should be transparent in the corresponding frequencies scope, and can not be with material, encapsulation, fluorophor or diffuser generation chemical reaction or inertia in the chip.If possible, sealant should resist photochemical reaction, and the environmental protection and the necessary physical strength of hope should be provided.In these material elementses each possibly be particularly important for particular case, therefore should carry out best selection according to concrete application and change.
The scope of the refractive index of sealant (IR) is usually between about 1.4 to about 16.Sealant is further characterized in that the refractive index that has in this scope at slightly higher (1.5-1.6) or low (1.4-1.5).The sealant of high index of refraction has advantage but the possibility permeability is good unlike the low-index material that kind.In addition, the material of refractive index in the 1.4-1.5 scope is tending towards in wider scope, can obtaining.
The transparency of sealant should be able to transmission surpass 95% in about 460 nanometers to the wavelength between 550 nanometers, and loss is less than 1 decibel/centimetre.
From physical viewpoint; Encapsulant resins should have the Shao Shi D hardness (Shore D hardness) between about 20 to 100; Synthetic rubber should be between about 10 to 95 on Shore A hardness meter (Shore A scale), and gel should be between about 10 to 50 on Shao Shi 00 hardometer (Shore 00scale).
According to desirable or required processing characteristics, can be for the favourable curing temperature (curing temperature) of considering sealant material.
In the many execution modes such as execution mode shown in Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, Figure 10, Figure 11 and Figure 13, sealant has negative meniscus 44.Be defined as the distance between enclosure wall and the meniscus meniscus the degree of depth can according to different purpose select and usually scope at 0 (plane liquid level) to 500 microns.Meniscus depth between about 320 microns and 280 microns provides narrower visual angle (90-110 °) and higher color homogeneity (color uniformity).(110-120 °) provides the color homogeneity to about 260 microns degree of depth at wideer visual angle.
If necessary, shown in figure 12, sealant 43 can form circular top part (lens section) 60.In exemplary embodiment, circular top part at the height of encapsulation 42 over top between about 60 microns to 400 microns.According to the size and dimension of liquid level 44 or circular top part 60, can produce nearly lambert far field (near-Lambertian far-field) figure.Some shape can help to make the light extraction maximization, but the cost of so doing (that is exchange) is some color homogeneity of loss.But if necessary, the position that can adjust fluorophor and diffuser obtains desirable result.
As previously mentioned, chip (being 41 in major part figure) preferably sends the frequency of relative higher-energy, and this frequency plays two effects.The first, fluorophor is the photon of more low-yield (longer wavelength) of second kind of color with the photon conversion of higher-energy (shorter wavelength).The second, do not have conversion upper frequency photon with from the photon of the lower frequency of fluorophor combine can produce white light.Therefore, chip is preferably formed by wide bandgap material, and this material is a kind of in the III group-III nitride in exemplary embodiment.Utilize these in vertical conduction substrate (for example, carborundum) or removed the chip of substrate, make whole encapsulation can have favourable geometry.When together using with conductive substrates, chip can be limited to single end face contact site, thereby makes that a plurality of end face contact sites are optional rather than necessary.
Chip can also be bump bond (bump bond), and does not have the end face contact site.
Preferably, the aspect ratio of chip is complementary with the size of effective and efficient manner with hoped encapsulation.Therefore, chip outline can for square or for aspect ratio be 1.2,1.5,2.0 or even the rectangle of bigger (and between them).
Though in some cases, for some occasion, the chip that radiant flux is lower also is an acceptable, and preferably, chip has the radiant flux greater than 30 milliwatts.
As stated, in order to obtain desirable color, the dominant wavelength of chip should be in about 430 nanometers between 470 nanometers, and peak wavelength in about 380 nanometers between 470 nanometers.As is known to the person skilled in the art, term dominant wavelength seldom representes to be lower than about 430 nanometers.
As further mentioned in the background technology, encapsulation can combine three chips to form three color pixels that produce white light.Three color pixels provide neither needs filter also not need fluorophor to produce the advantage of white light.Yet this pixel needs extra lead-in wire and circuit.
Chip thickness is important design parameter.Yet, should understand that thickness is relative, for some occasions, thicker chip is preferred relatively, and for other occasions, relatively thin chip is preferred.If transparent, then thicker chip will help to realize white homogeneity and be tending towards increasing brightness than thin chip.
Usually, the epitaxial film of chip part is less relatively, and general size is about the order of magnitude of 2 μ m.Yet, the scope of entire chip size generally on about 25 μ m between the 250 μ m.The chip of 25 μ m has brightness advantages, is difficult to it is handled but its small size is feasible.Thicker chip is easy to handle, and can improve the homogeneity of light extraction as stated.Yet when substrate is under the opaque situation, extra thickness does not bring optical advantage.
Sketch map is intended to represent the chip with respect to the geometry alignment of encapsulation, the for example orientation shown in Fig. 1.Yet chip also may be oriented difference (being generally planar rotation) more effectively to extract light.The major axis coupling of major axis and the rectangle encapsulation of this orientation through avoiding rectangular dies clearly and can improve the color homogeneity.
Though do not come to illustrate particularly as element independently among the figure, the technical staff who is familiar with this diode knows that chip (for example, 41 among Fig. 7 to Figure 13) is fixed in certain mode and encapsulates on 42.In some cases, chip with such as the material conductive attachment of elargol (silver epoxy) or eutectic metal etc.Other conductive attachment bodies comprise conductive strips and conductive thermoplastic plastics (that is, wherein being dispersed with the plastics that second kind of one-tenth assigns to produce conductive path).This electrically conducting adhesive is necessary or favourable in some embodiments, but can cause the extra possibility of light loss.For example, elargol is tending towards opaque in use.Therefore, its conductive advantages in use will with potential light loss balance.
For the design that between chip and encapsulation, does not need direct conductive attachment, non electrically conductive material capable of using carries out this connection.That these materials can comprise is identical with sealant (or relevant) material; Perhaps adhesive tape (many mobile phone parts usually by this way by connect) or front are mentioned, comprise a kind of in the resin of thermoplastics, epoxy resin, silicones and acrylic resin.
Other aspects of the present invention have been shown among Figure 13 to Figure 16.Figure 13 shows integral body and is designated as 62 packaged chip, thereby wherein sloped sidewall 63 is provided with to form size with the chip 41 near-earth coupling that connects angledly and reduces the base plate of contact area.Generally speaking, if encapsulating material 42 is stronger than the reflectivity of contacting metal 47, contact area is minimized to produce bigger light extraction.
In turn, Figure 14, Figure 15 and Figure 16 show and how according to the optical characteristics of contact area contact area to be made amendment.Figure 14 to Figure 16 is the end view according to side viewer diode of the present invention, and wherein desirable generation direction of light is outwards towards the reader from the page.
These figure include chip 41 and resin-encapsulated 42.Consistent with the mode of Fig. 1, resin-encapsulated 42 comprises a plurality of inclined walls 64, and these inclined walls 64 are at Figure 14. form irregular hexagon among Figure 16, this defines the base plate 65 with similar (but littler) shape again.
Figure 14 shows encapsulating material 42 than the strong execution mode of reflectivity that is designated as 66 and 67 Metal Contact portion.Therefore, in Figure 14, contact area is minimized with respect to the base plate 65 of encapsulation 42.
Figure 15 shows the reflectivity strong more execution mode of contact site material 70,71 than encapsulating material 42.In this case, the zone with respect to package floor 65 increase contact sites 70,71 can increase the brightness of the device that obtains at last.
Figure 16 shows encapsulation 42 so they each relative size not too important execution modes comparatively similar with the reflection characteristic of contact site 72,73.
Figure 17 is the sketch map according to diode of the present invention in the background of display element.Display element integral body is designated as 74 and be the plane basically.As previously mentioned, display 74 finally can be used in many occasions, and common kind has at present: portable phone, personal digital assistant and portable game device.In these devices each all comprises many Design and Features elements, for the sake of clarity, does not reappear these elements among Figure 17.Yet those skilled in the art know these displays, therefore need not carry out too much experiment and just can the present invention combined to be applied in these occasions.
Figure 17 correspondingly shows two diodes 75,76 on the periphery 77 that is positioned at display element 74, and arrow 80 shows the diode direct light on the principal direction on the plane that is parallel to display element 74.Display element 74 also comprises other elements that are schematically shown, such as LCDs 81, one or more colour filter 82 and possible light polarizing film 83.
In drawing and description; Preferred implementation of the present invention has been described,, has only been used the general and illustrative implication of these terms though adopted concrete technical term; Therefore do not play restriction, scope of the present invention is defined by the claims.
Claims (28)
1. a side-looking light-emitting diode (LED) encapsulation comprises:
Side positioning encapsulation recess, a plurality of LED are installed in the said recess, the light of each said LED emission different wave length, the combination that said LED encapsulation can be launched the light of said different wave length.
2. side-looking LED package according to claim 1, the white light combination of launching said different wave length.
3. side-looking LED package according to claim 1, wherein, said a plurality of LED comprise three LED.
4. side-looking LED package according to claim 2 forms three color pixels.
5. side-looking LED package according to claim 1, wherein, said a plurality of LED comprise red, green and blue light-emitting diode.
6. side-looking LED package according to claim 1, wherein, said different wave length comprises red, green and blue wavelength.
7. side-looking LED package according to claim 1, wherein, the light of said different wave length comprises the light of blue and yellow wavelength.
8. side-looking LED package according to claim 1, wherein, the light of said different wave length comprises the light of indigo plant, green, yellow and red wavelength.
9. side-looking LED package according to claim 1, wherein, the light of said different wave length comprises the light of indigo plant, Huang and red wavelength.
10. side-looking LED package according to claim 1, the light of emission correlated colour temperature (CCT) in 2700 to 10000K scopes.
11. side-looking LED package according to claim 1, emission correlated colour temperature is at least 4500 to 8000K light.
12. side-looking LED package according to claim 1 is set to be used for mounted on surface.
13. side-looking LED package according to claim 1 also comprises light diffusion body.
14. side-looking LED package according to claim 1 also comprises the sealant that has light diffusion body, said light diffusion body physically scattering passes the light of said sealant.
15. a side-looking light-emitting diode (LED) encapsulation comprises:
The side positioning encapsulation, a plurality of LED are installed in the said encapsulation, the light of each said LED emission different wave length, the combination that said LED encapsulation can be launched the light of said different wave length.
16. a light-emitting diode (LED) encapsulation comprises:
Encapsulation has package geometry; And
LED is installed in the said encapsulation, and wherein, said LED and said package geometry are unjustified.
17. LED package according to claim 16, wherein, said LED planar rotates with respect to said package geometry.
18. LED package according to claim 16, wherein, said package geometry is a rectangle, and said LED is a rectangle.
19. LED package according to claim 16, wherein, said package geometry comprises a major axis, and said LED comprises a major axis, and wherein, the major axis of said encapsulation and the major axis of led chip do not match.
20. LED package according to claim 16 comprises the side-looking encapsulation.
21. LED package according to claim 16 is set to be used for mounted on surface.
22. a light-emitting diode (LED) encapsulation comprises:
Package geometry comprises the encapsulation major axis; And
LED is installed in the said encapsulation, and said LED comprises the LED major axis, and wherein, said encapsulation major axis and said LED major axis do not match.
23. a light-emitting diode (LED) encapsulation comprises:
The rectangle encapsulation; And
Rectangle LED is installed in the said rectangle encapsulation, and the directed and said rectangle encapsulation of said rectangle LED is different.
24. LED encapsulation according to claim 21, wherein, said LED rotates with respect to said being encapsulated in the plane.
25. a light-emitting diode (LED) encapsulation comprises:
Encapsulation; And LED, be installed in the said encapsulation, wherein, said LED rotates with respect to said being encapsulated in the plane.
26. a display comprises:
Photoconduction; And
At least one side-looking light-emitting diode (LED) encapsulation is set to light is transmitted in the said photoconduction, and said LED encapsulation comprises:
Side positioning encapsulation recess, a plurality of LED are installed in the said recess, the light of each said LED emission different wave length, the combination that said LED encapsulation can be launched the light of said different wave length.
27. a display comprises:
Photoconduction; And
At least one side-looking light-emitting diode (LED) encapsulation is set to light is transmitted in the said photoconduction, and said LED encapsulation comprises:
Encapsulation; And LED, be installed in the said encapsulation, wherein, said LED rotates with respect to said being encapsulated in the plane.
28. a display comprises:
Photoconduction; And
At least one side-looking light-emitting diode (LED) encapsulation is set to light is transmitted in the said photoconduction, and said LED encapsulation comprises:
Encapsulation has package geometry; And
LED is installed in the said encapsulation, and wherein, said LED and said package geometry are unjustified.
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| US74547806P | 2006-04-24 | 2006-04-24 | |
| US60/745,478 | 2006-04-24 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007800149584A Division CN101432895B (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2007-04-04 | Side-view surface mount white LED |
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| CN102437152A true CN102437152A (en) | 2012-05-02 |
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| CN2007800149584A Active CN101432895B (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2007-04-04 | Side-view surface mount white LED |
| CN201210252142.8A Active CN102800786B (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2007-04-04 | Light-emitting diode and display element |
| CN2011103799648A Pending CN102437152A (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2007-04-04 | Side-view surface mount white LED |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2007800149584A Active CN101432895B (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2007-04-04 | Side-view surface mount white LED |
| CN201210252142.8A Active CN102800786B (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2007-04-04 | Light-emitting diode and display element |
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| EP (2) | EP2011164B1 (en) |
| JP (2) | JP2009534866A (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101432895B (en) | 2012-09-05 |
| EP2011164B1 (en) | 2018-08-29 |
| EP3422425A1 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
| CN102800786B (en) | 2015-09-16 |
| JP2012044206A (en) | 2012-03-01 |
| US7649209B2 (en) | 2010-01-19 |
| TW200807758A (en) | 2008-02-01 |
| EP3422425B1 (en) | 2022-02-23 |
| US20120104428A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
| EP2011164A2 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
| CN102800786A (en) | 2012-11-28 |
| TWI351118B (en) | 2011-10-21 |
| JP2009534866A (en) | 2009-09-24 |
| WO2007127029A3 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
| US8487337B2 (en) | 2013-07-16 |
| WO2007127029A2 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
| US8362512B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 |
| US20110164435A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
| CN101432895A (en) | 2009-05-13 |
| JP5936327B2 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
| US20070262339A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
| US8390022B2 (en) | 2013-03-05 |
| US20100090233A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
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