CN102411111A - 电动机的电力电缆断路的检测方法 - Google Patents

电动机的电力电缆断路的检测方法 Download PDF

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CN102411111A
CN102411111A CN2010105652107A CN201010565210A CN102411111A CN 102411111 A CN102411111 A CN 102411111A CN 2010105652107 A CN2010105652107 A CN 2010105652107A CN 201010565210 A CN201010565210 A CN 201010565210A CN 102411111 A CN102411111 A CN 102411111A
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motor
cable
opens circuit
power cable
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文湘贤
李永国
郑镇焕
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Abstract

用于车辆的电力电缆断路的检测方法，包括检测从逆变器通过至少一条电力电缆供应到三相电动机的各相的电流和电动机的驱动速度，确定电动机的各相电流和驱动速度是否满足电力电缆断路的检测条件，确定是否满足关于执行电缆断路计时器计数的电流指令的电缆断路感测参考值的各种条件，当满足条件时，确定是否已经经过预定的时间，从而当经过预定的时间时，则认为电缆断路。

Description

电动机的电力电缆断路的检测方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请请求以于2010年9月17日在韩国知识产权局提交的韩国专利申请第10-2010-0092053号为优先权基础，其全部内容通过引用结合在本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于电动车辆、混合动力车辆、燃料电池车辆等的电力电缆断路的检测方法。
背景技术
电动车、混合动力车、燃料电池车等可以使用具有永磁体的电动机。
电动机由从逆变器通过电力电缆供应的相电流驱动，这里相电流根据控制器的PWM(脉宽调制)信号从DC电压转换为3-相AC电压。
如果连接逆变器和电动机的电力电缆断路或短路，则电动机不能有效运转，同时高电压和高电流可能被供应到逆变器，因此整个***不能正常完成功能。
同样，在电力电缆中的断路/短路可以产生过度的脉冲转矩(pulsation torque)致使与电动机机械连接的元件断开。
在常规的电力电缆断路检测技术中，对逆变器提供连续切换顺序且检测每个电流相(U、V和W)，分析每个电流相(U、V和W)，且在驱动电动机前检测断路电缆。这里所使用的术语“电流相”和“相电流”可以互换使用。
然而，常规的电力电缆断路的检测方法可能不能检测驱动条件下的电力电缆的断路。
在另一个常规电力电缆断路的检测方法中，由于无论逆变器的切换，流过断路电缆的一个相的电流总是零，则其他2个电流相与电流指令相比可能具有较大误差，则可以检测误差以便检测电力电缆的断路。
然而，通过使用常规的电流控制误差的方法，这种方法可以显示出逆变器的电流控制的故障或者过流的故障，但不能显示出哪一个相的故障，使得其不能适当地诊断且解决故障。
本背景技术部分中公开的上述信息仅用于增强对本发明的背景技术的理解，因此其可以包含不形成已为本国本领域普通技术人员所知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，对电动车辆、混合动力车辆、燃料电池车辆等提供电力电缆的断路的检测方法，其可以检测电力电缆的断路以提高耐用性和可靠性。
根据本发明的典型实施方式的电力电缆断路的检测方法可以至少包括：检测从逆变器通过至少一条电力电缆供应到三相电动机的各相的电流和电动机的驱动速度；确定各相电流和电动机的驱动速度是否满足电力电缆断路的检测条件；确定每一个相电流是否小于电流指令的电力电缆断路感测参考值(a cable breaking sensing reference value ofa current command)、三相电流的和是否大于电流指令的电力电缆感测参考值、和当各电流和电动机的驱动速度满足电力电缆断路的检测条件时，除电缆断路的相电流以外的三相电流中的两相是否大于电流指令的电缆断路感测参考值，当上述条件满足时执行电缆断路计时器计数；和确定是否已经经过预定的时间，且如果已经经过预定的时间，则确定电缆断路。
如果电动机的驱动速度大于预定的标准速度且供应到电动机的电流指令大于检测电流指令，则满足上述电力电缆断路的检测条件。
如果上述条件中的任意一个不满足，则可以确定连接电动机和逆变器的至少一条电缆没有断路。
根据本发明的典型实施方式的电力电缆断路的检测方法可以检测电力电缆的断路以在早期防止严重的损坏。
根据本发明的典型实施方式的电力电缆断路的检测方法可以检测哪一相有故障，使得可以实现处理故障的有效计划。
附图说明
图1是根据第一切换配置，如果U相的电缆断路，逆变器***的电流路径的示意图。
图2是根据第二切换配置，如果U相的电缆断路，逆变器***的电流路径的示意图。
图3是根据本发明的典型实施方式的电力电缆断路的检测方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下参照附图，详细说明本发明的典型实施方式。
本领域中的技术人员应该认识到，所述实施方式可以以多种不同方式更改，所有这些方式均不偏离本发明的精神和范围。省略对于说明本发明不是必须的组件的说明，且由本说明书中相同的附图标记指示相同的组成元件。
应该理解，术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或这里使用的其他类似术语通常包括电动车辆(诸如包括多功能运动车辆(SUV)、公共汽车、卡车、多种商业车辆的载客汽车)、包括多种船只和小船的水运工具、航天器等，且包括混合动力车辆、电动车辆、插电混合电动车辆、氢能源车辆和其他可替换燃料车(例如除了石油的能源获得的燃料)。如这里所述，混合动力车辆是具有两种或多种能源的车辆，例如汽油能源和电能源车辆。
图1是根据第一切换配置(switching arrangement)，如果U相的电缆断路，逆变器***的电流路径的示意图。
如图1所示，例如，如果连接电动机和逆变器的U相的电力电缆断路，且形成逆变器的IGBT切换元件的V相上臂Q3和W相下臂Q2打开，则形成DC链路的电压Vdc-＞V相上臂Q3-＞电动机V相ev-＞电动机W相ew-＞W相下臂Q2-＞DC链路Vdc的封闭电流环。
图2是在根据第二切换配置，如果U相的电缆断路，逆变器***的电流路径的示意图。
如图2所示，例如，如果连接电动机和逆变器的U相的电力电缆断路，且形成逆变器的IGBT切换元件的V相上臂Q3和W相下臂Q5打开，则形成电动机W相ew-＞W相上臂Q5-＞V相上臂Q3-＞电动机V相ev的封闭的电流环。
如图1和2所示，如果连接逆变器和电动机的U相的电缆断路，则3-相Y-连接电路电动机满足以下公式。
公式
iu+iv+iw＝0
iu＝0
iv＝-iw
如上述公式所示，三相电流的和是零，断路相电流是零，这样，没有断路的两相电流中的每一相具有相同的值，但符号相反。因此，本发明的电力电缆断路的检测方法可以根据上述公式检测电力电缆的断路。
图3是根据本发明的典型实施方式的电力电缆断路的检测方法的流程图。
控制器100向逆变器的每一相电流输出电流指令作为PWM信号，且随后IGBT切换元件根据电流指令切换以向电动机供应相电流中的每一个用以驱动。
同时控制器100根据逆变器的切换检测供应到电动机的每一相电流(S101)。
由于电动机的旋转速度取决于频率，如果电动机的频率是零或低频，则根据转子的位置，一相电流可以保持为零或者接近零。因此，可以确定预定的标准速度用于防止电缆断路的误检。
控制器100检测电动机的驱动速度(S102)，随后，确定电动机的驱动速度是否大于预定的标准速度(S103)。电动机的驱动速度按电动机的频率乘以60/磁极(pole)计算。
如果在步骤S103中确定电动机的驱动速度不大于预定的标准速度，则返回步骤S101。
然而，如果在步骤S103中电动机的驱动速度大于预定的标准速度，则确定供应到电动机的电流指令大于检测电流指令(S104)。考虑到电动机的整流控制、噪声效果等可以确定检测电流指令，例如最大电流的A％(10％)，这里最大电流指可以能在每一个电动机中流动的最大电流。
如果在步骤S104中确定供应到电动机的电流指令大于检测电流指令(例如最大电流的A％(10％))，则执行检测连接电动机和逆变器的电缆的电缆断路步骤(S105)。
随后，确定供应到电动机的相电流是否小于电流指令的电缆断路感测参考值(S106)。在这阶段中，考虑到噪声效果、控制故障等可以确定电流指令的电缆断路感测参考值，例如电流指令的B％(50％)。
在步骤S106中，如果确定供应到电动机的相电流不小于电流指令的电缆断路感测参考值(例如电流指令的B％(50％))，则确定连接逆变器和电动机的电缆正常(S113)。
然而，在步骤S106中，如果确定供应到电动机的相电流小于电流指令的电缆断路感测参考值(例如电流指令的B％(50％))，则确定三相电流的和是否大于电流命令的电缆断路感测参考值(S107)。
如果在步骤S107中确定三相电流的和不大于电流指令的电缆断路感测参考值，随后确定连接逆变器和电动机的电缆正常(S113)。
如果在步骤S107中确定三相电流的和大于电流指令的电缆断路感测参考值，则确定三相电流中的除电缆断路的相电流以外的两相电流是否大于电流指令的电缆断路感测参考值(例如电流指令的B％(50％)(S108)。
如果在步骤S108中确定除电缆断路的相电流以外的两相电流不大于电流指令的电缆断路感测参考值(例如电流指令的B％(50％)，随后确定连接逆变器和电动机的电缆正常(S113)。
如果确定除电缆断路的相电流以外的两相电流大于电流指令的电缆断路感测参考值，则执行电缆断路计时器计数(S109)。
如果在步骤S110中确定已经经过预定的时间，则确定连接逆变器和电动机的电缆断路(S111)。随后，控制电动机停止以防止由于电力电缆断路产生的逆变器***的断开(S112)。
例如，如果只检测到从逆变器供应到电动机的三相电流中的两相，且该两相电流中的一相流过的电力电缆断路，则可以如下所示执行电力电缆断路的检测方法。
由于检测到流过断路电缆的电流是零，且可以使用三相的和是零的关系确定正常电流，使检测到的电流和没有检测到的其他电流被确定为具有相同的值而符号相反。
因此，如果根据断路计时器计数，电流的上述关系连续3或4次，则检测到的电流是零的电力电缆被确定为断开。
例如，如果仅检测到从逆变器供应到电动机的两相电流，且没有检测到的电力电缆断路，则可以如下地执行电力电缆断路的检测方法。
检测到的电流具有相同的量值但是符号相反，且使用三相电流的和是零的关系确定未检测到电流。因此，根据断路计时器的计数，如果电流的上述关系连续3或4次，则确定未检测到的电流流过的电力电缆断路。
例如，如果从逆变器供应到电动机的所有三相电流都被检测，且三相电流中的一相流过的电力电缆断路，则可以如下执行电力电缆断路的检测方法。
流过断路电缆的电流被检测为零，而其他正常电流被检测为具有相同的量值而符号相反。因此，如果根据断路计时器的计数，电流的上述关系连续3或4次，则检测到的电流为零的电力电缆被确定为断路。
使用上述关系，如果U相电流被检测为零，且其他V相和W相被检测为具有相同的值而符号相反，则确定连接逆变器和电动机电力电缆断路，且断路电缆是U相。
尽管已经结合目前被认为是实际的典型实施方式说明了本发明，但可以理解本发明不限于公开的实施方式，而是意在覆盖包括在所附权利要求的精神和范围中的多个变更形式和等同配置。

Claims (3)

1.一种电力电缆断路的检测方法，包括：
(a)检测从逆变器通过至少一个电力电缆供应到三相电动机的各相的电流，和所述电动机的驱动速度；
(b)确定所述电动机的所述各相电流和所述驱动速度是否满足电力电缆断路的检测条件；
(c)当所述电动机的所述各相电流和所述驱动速度满足所述电力电缆断路的检测条件时，确定所述相电流中的每一相电流是否小于电流指令的电缆断路感测参考值、所述三相电流的和是否大于所述电流指令的电缆断路感测参考值、和所述三相电流中的除电缆断路的相电流以外的两相电流是否大于所述电流指令的电缆断路感测参考值；
(d)当满足所述步骤(c)的条件时，执行电缆断路计时器的计数，且确定是否已经过预定的时间；和
(e)当已经过所述预定的时间时，确定电缆断路。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中如果所述电动机的所述驱动速度大于预定的标准速度、且供应到所述电动机的所述电流指令大于检测电流指令，则满足所述步骤(c)的所述电力电缆断路的检测条件。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中如果不满足所述步骤(c)的任一个条件，则确定连接所述电动机和所述逆变器的所述电缆没有断路。
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