CN102409138A - Process for manufacturing alloy steel for rail frog - Google Patents
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- CN102409138A CN102409138A CN2011103367907A CN201110336790A CN102409138A CN 102409138 A CN102409138 A CN 102409138A CN 2011103367907 A CN2011103367907 A CN 2011103367907A CN 201110336790 A CN201110336790 A CN 201110336790A CN 102409138 A CN102409138 A CN 102409138A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for manufacturing alloy steel for a rail frog. The process comprises the following steps of: smelting, pouring, forging, and performing heat treatment. The rail frog manufactured by the alloy steel which is manufactured by the manufacturing process has properties such as tensile strength, low-temperature impact properties and the like which are much higher than those of high manganese steel, the service life of the rail frog can be greatly prolonged, and the rail frog is not required to be frequently replaced, so that the operating cost of a rail can be greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the railroad track technical field, be specifically related to the manufacture craft of a kind of rail frog with steel alloy.
Background technology
The railway frog of railway switch; Be made up of central body of frog, the left wing's rail that is positioned at the central body of frog both sides and right flank rail etc., bigger space is arranged between central body of frog and two wing rails, actual point of frog and two wing rail working edges form an idle space near the place like this; When train passes through; Inevitably can cause impact shock, railway frog damages easily, and railway frog damages will influence train driving safety; And because mostly the current track railway frog is that high mangaenese steel is made, the hardness of high manganese steel initial is lower, and abrasion are very fast; To later stage constantly rolling owing to train; Can cause the hardness of railway frog end face to improve constantly, and then can occur railway frog again and peel off piece, further accelerate the hurt of railway frog; The railway frog of hurt will jeopardize the traffic safety of train, must in time change; The railway frog that high mangaenese steel is made not only work-ing life lower, and need often to change, greatly increased the orbital motion cost.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art, a kind of long service life is provided, can effectively reduce the manufacture craft of the rail frog of orbital motion cost with steel alloy.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme of the present invention's employing is:
Said rail frog comprises following technology with the manufacture craft of steel alloy: smelting-casting-forging-thermal treatment; Be specially:
(1) smelts
Smelting is divided into thick refining, refining and three operations of vacuum outgas;
Thick refining: adopt electric arc furnace, in electric arc furnace, add the pig iron, steel scrap, carburelant, silit; Adopt spectrum analyzer that molten steel composition is controlled, C＞0.50% when the electric arc furnace molten steel is molten clear does not meet this composition requirement like C content; In electric arc furnace, add C, until C＞0.50%, the control liquid steel temperature is more than 1560 ℃; Oxygen blast dephosphorization decarburization when slag fluidity is good; C content was 0.1-0.13% when oxidation finished, and P≤0.012% is skimmed to molten steel when reaching this composition requirement;
Oxidation sludge is removed the back and in molten steel, is added the pre-deoxidant deoxidation, adds the thin slag charge of 1-1.5% times of molten steel weight, carries out reduction reaction; Alloying constituent in the adjustment molten steel is controlled each alloying constituent to its scope lower limit, and promptly Si is 1.60%; Mn is 1.60%, and Cr is 1.40%, and Ni is 0.50%; Mo is 0.33%, and liquid steel temperature is 1680-1700 ℃ of tapping;
Refining: adopt electric arc furnace, in molten steel, add refining slag, adopt spectrum analyzer that molten steel composition is controlled; Control each alloying constituent and to its scope, limit, promptly Si is 1.90%, and Mn is 1.90%; Cr is 1.65%; Ni is 0.55%, and Mo is 0.38%, and liquid steel temperature stops refining in the time of 1700-1710 ℃; The tapping back adds the pig iron, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, mid-carbon fe-mn, high carbon ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and electrolytic nickel in molten steel, molten steel gets into vacuum outgas in the vacuum oven then;
Vacuum outgas: adopt vacuum oven, vacuum outgas was handled 18～20 minutes, and the timing time opening was controlled at 5-6 minute, and the treating processes Argon adds aluminium in molten steel after the vacuum outgas, added rare earth alloy Ce; According to the spectroscopic analysis result, when carbon content is not enough, feed carbon, control the molten steel alloy ingredient in scope, i.e. C:0.23～0.28%; Si:1.60～2.20%, Mn:1.60～2.00%, Cr:1.40～1.90%, Ni:0.50～0.60%; Mo:0.33～0.43%, Al:0.15～0.20%, Ce:0.01～0.02%, P≤0.02%; S≤0.02%, all the other are Fe, N content is≤80.0PPm; H content is≤1.2ppm; O content is≤20.0ppm; Tapping temperature is at 1575-1585 ℃;
(2) casting
Liquid steel temperature began cast after molten steel came out from vacuum oven in the time of 1560-1565 ℃, did not reach like liquid steel temperature, molten steel is put into refining furnace heat up; Add covering slag 4.5kg/ ingot during casting in the ingot mould, add heat-generating agent 0.5kg/ ingot when molten steel rises to the cap mouth, heat preserving agent 4.5kg/ ingot is gone into burial pit after cast finished 2.5 hours;
(3) forge
Stock volume after the forging is 95～97% of stock volume before forging, and forging pressure is 3～4 tons;
(4) thermal treatment
Thermal treatment was divided into for three steps, was divided into annealing-quenching-tempering, and thermal treatment process adopts electric furnace, and employing PLC automatic temperature-control gas mode heats and is incubated;
Annealing; Blank after at first (3) being handled is warming up to 680～700 ℃, is incubated 2～2.5 hours; Be warming up to 880～900 ℃ again, be incubated 4.5～5 hours; Be cooled to 280～300 ℃, be incubated 5.5～6 hours;
Quench; Blank after the anneal is warming up to 900～920 ℃, takes out blank then, the suspension naturally cooling;
Tempering; Blank after the quench treatment is warming up to 330～350 ℃, is incubated after 5.5～6 hours, take out the blank naturally cooling.
Use the content of objectionable constituent N in the steel alloy that the manufacture craft of steel alloy makes to be≤80.0PPm by said rail frog, content≤1.2ppm of H, the content of O is≤20.0ppm.
In said smelting (1) operation, slightly C content is 4.20～4.50% in the refining and the pig iron that adds during refining, and other is an iron.
In said smelting (1) operation, slightly chromium content is 59～60% in refining and the ferrochrome that adds during refining, and C content is 0.20～0.25%, and other is an iron.
In said smelting (1) operation, molybdenum content 58～60% in refining and the molybdenum-iron that adds during refining slightly, other is an iron.
In said smelting (1) operation, slightly manganese content is 79～80 % in refining and the medium carbon manganese steel that adds during refining, and C content is 1.40～1.50%, and P content is 0.16～0.18%, and other is an iron.
In said smelting (1) operation, slightly manganese content is 75～76% in refining and the high carbon ferromanganese that adds during refining, and C content is 6.60～6.80%, and P content is 0.12～0.14%, and other is an iron.
Said steel alloy track railway frog comprises with the chemical constitution of steel alloy, by weight percentage: C:0.23～0.28%, Si:1.60～2.20%; Mn:1.60～2.00%, Cr:1.40～1.90%, Ni:0.50～0.60%; Mo:0.33～0.43%, Al:0.15～0.20%, Ce:0.01～0.02%; P≤0.02%, S≤0.02%, all the other are Fe;
In said smelting (1) operation, slightly silicone content is 75～76% in refining and the ferrosilicon that adds during refining, and other is an iron; Nickel content is 100% in the electrolytic nickel.
The invention has the advantages that: said rail frog is with the manufacture craft of steel alloy, through each alloying constituent proportioning in the control steel alloy; Simultaneously through smelt, in the casting process to the control of objectionable constituent ratios such as P, S; Adopt the specific interpolation step of alloying element, and carry out the control of molten steel composition with direct-reading capacitance meter and realize with the alloying element preparation program; Adopt LF refining, vacuum degassing process to reduce content of harmful gas such as inclusion and N in the molten steel, H, O greatly, the generation of the phenomenon of performance inconsistency lattice such as the tensile strength of the steel of avoiding causing thus and low-temperature impact; Thermal treatment adopts PLC automatic temperature-control gas mode to heat, and rate of heating is fast; The steel alloy product performance of using the manufacture craft of steel alloy to make by said rail frog are: tensile strength sigma b >=1250MPa; Ys σ 0.2 >=1100MPa; Unit elongation δ 5 (‰) >=10; Relative reduction in area ψ (‰) >=25; Room temperature impelling strength α ku (42 ℃) >=75J/cm2; Low-temperature impact toughness σ ku (40 ℃) >=35J/cm2; Hardness HRC37-42; Performances such as the tensile strength of the rail frog of steel alloy making and low-temperature impact are much better than high mangaenese steel thus, can improve greatly the work-ing life of rail frog, need not frequent change, can reduce the orbital motion cost greatly.
Embodiment
Through the description to optimum embodiment, specific embodiments of the invention is done further detailed explanation below.
Said rail frog comprises following technology with the manufacture craft of steel alloy: smelting-casting-forging-thermal treatment; Be specially;
(1) smelts
In smelting process, need objectionable constituent ratios such as P, S are controlled; Need simultaneously obnoxious flavoures such as N, H, O are controlled; Prevent because of inclusion removal unclean, the situation appearance of performance inconsistency lattice such as the tensile strength that obnoxious flavour is residual too much to cause steel and low-temperature impact; Smelting is divided into thick refining, refining and three operations of vacuum outgas, is specially:
Thick refining: adopt electric arc furnace, in electric arc furnace, add the pig iron, steel scrap, carburelant, silit; Adopt spectrum analyzer that molten steel composition is controlled, C＞0.50% when the electric arc furnace molten steel is molten clear does not meet this composition requirement like C content; In electric arc furnace, add C, until C＞0.50%, the control liquid steel temperature is more than 1560 ℃; Oxygen blast dephosphorization decarburization when slag fluidity is good; C content was 0.1-0.13% when oxidation finished, and P≤0.012% is skimmed to molten steel when reaching this composition requirement;
Add the pre-deoxidant deoxidation rapidly after removing whole oxidation sludges, pre-deoxidant is a silit; Add the heavy thin slag charge of 1-1.5% times of molten steel, thin slag charge is fluorite (lump ore), and chemical ingredients is: CaF2, SiO2, S, P; Carry out reduction reaction, alloying constituent in the adjustment molten steel is controlled each alloying constituent to its scope lower limit, and promptly Si is 1.60%, and Mn is 1.60%, and Cr is 1.40%, and Ni is 0.50%, and Mo is 0.33%, and liquid steel temperature is 1680-1700 ℃ of tapping; Pre-deoxidant and thin slag charge can directly be bought on market;
Refining: adopt electric arc furnace, in molten steel, add refining slag, the chemical ingredients of refining slag is: CaF2, Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, Fe2O3, MgO, H2O, and refining slag can directly be bought on market; Keep the slag condition good, adopt spectrum analyzer that molten steel composition is controlled, control each alloying constituent and to its scope, limit; Be that Si is 1.90%, Mn is 1.90%, and Cr is 1.65%; Ni is 0.55%, and Mo is 0.38%, and liquid steel temperature stops refining in the time of 1700-1710 ℃; The tapping back adds the pig iron, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, mid-carbon fe-mn, high carbon ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and electrolytic nickel once more in molten steel, molten steel gets into vacuum outgas in the vacuum oven then;
Vacuum outgas: adopt vacuum oven, vacuum outgas was handled 18～20 minutes, and the timing time opening was controlled at 5-6 minute; Treating processes Argon, argon pressure are not excessive, keep liquid steel level suitably to seethe with excitement and get final product; In molten steel, add aluminium after the vacuum outgas, add rare earth alloy Ce; According to the spectroscopic analysis result, when carbon content is not enough, feed carbon, but carbon hello the amount of mending is less than 0.01%, control molten steel composition scope exists; C:0.23～0.28%, Si:1.60～2.20%, Mn:1.60～2.00%, Cr:1.40～1.90%; Ni:0.50～0.60%, Mo:0.33～0.43%, Al:0.15～0.20%, Ce:0.01～0.02%; P≤0.02%, S≤0.02%, all the other are Fe, the control inclusion content does; N content is≤80.0PPm; H content is≤1.2ppm; O content is≤20.0ppm; Tapping temperature is at 1575-1585 ℃,
(2) casting
Liquid steel temperature began cast after molten steel came out from vacuum oven in the time of 1560-1565 ℃, did not reach like liquid steel temperature, molten steel is put into refining furnace heat up; Add covering slag during casting in the ingot mould, the chemical ingredients of covering slag is: C, Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, Fe2O3, MgO; Add heat-generating agent when molten steel rises to the cap mouth, the chemical ingredients of heat-generating agent is: Al and H2O; Add heat preserving agent, the chemical ingredients of heat preserving agent: C, Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, H2O go into burial pit after cast finished 2.5 hours; Covering slag, heat-generating agent and heat preserving agent are directly bought on market;
(3) forge
Forge equipment such as adopting mechanical press, horizontal forging machine, air hammer, the forging pressure of employing is 3～4 tons; Stock volume after the forging is 95～97% of stock volume before forging;
(4) thermal treatment
Thermal treatment was divided into for three steps, was divided into annealing-quenching-tempering, and thermal treatment process adopts electric furnace, and employing PLC automatic temperature-control gas mode heats and is incubated;
Annealing; Blank after at first (3) being handled is warming up to 680～700 ℃, is incubated 2～2.5 hours; Be warming up to 880～900 ℃ again, be incubated 4.5～5 hours; Be cooled to 280～300 ℃, be incubated 5.5～6 hours;
Quench; Blank after the anneal is warming up to 900～920 ℃, takes out blank then, the suspension naturally cooling;
Tempering; Blank after the quench treatment is warming up to 330～350 ℃, is incubated after 5.5～6 hours, take out the blank naturally cooling.
In said smelting (1) operation, slightly refining and during refining, C content is 4.20～4.50% in the pig iron; Chromium content is 59～60% in the ferrochrome, and C content is 0.20～0.25%; Molybdenum content 58～60% in the molybdenum-iron, manganese content is 79～80% in the medium carbon manganese steel, and C content is 1.40～1.50%, and P content is 0.16～0.18%; Manganese content is 75～76% in the high carbon ferromanganese, and C content is 6.60～6.80%, and P content is 0.12～0.14%; Silicone content is 75～76% in the ferrosilicon; Nickel content is 100% in the electrolytic nickel.
Said rail frog is with the manufacture craft of steel alloy; Ingot mold; Each alloy material, cast should be toasted more than 100 ℃ with anti-material, drainage agent, covering slag and be incubated more than 2 hours, and other materials such as heat preserving agent, heat-generating agent do not toast, but must keep dry; The gating system of putting will blow off dust and other impurities in the system with high-pressure blast, and absorbs remaining dust in the clean ingot mould with aspiration channel; Cast ingot body 5-7 minute, cap mouth feeding 4-6 minute is controlled well and is watered speed, guarantees that molten steel steadily rises in ingot mould.
The content of objectionable constituent N is≤80.0PPm that the content of H is≤1.2ppm that the content of O is≤80.0PPm in the steel alloy that the manufacture craft of said rail frog use steel alloy is made.
Said rail frog is with the manufacture craft of steel alloy, and the rail frog of making comprises with the chemical constitution of steel alloy, by weight percentage: C:0.23～0.28%, Si:1.60～2.20%; Mn:1.60～2.00%, Cr:1.40～1.90%, Ni:0.50～0.60%; Mo:0.33～0.43%, Al:0.15～0.20%, Ce:0.01～0.02%; P≤0.02%, S≤0.02%, all the other are Fe;
Wherein:
Carbon: improve Yield Of Steel and tensile strength, but plasticity and impact reduce;
Silicon: silicon is reductive agent and reductor, and silicon can improve the elasticity polarity of steel, and combinations such as silicon and molybdenum, tungsten, chromium have the erosion resistance of raising and oxidation resistant effect;
Manganese: manganese is good reductor and sweetening agent, more generally lets general steel that enough toughness is arranged, and higher intensity and hardness are arranged, and improves the quenching property of steel, improves the hot workability of steel;
Chromium: chromium can significantly improve firm intensity, hardness and wear resistance, improves the oxidation-resistance and the erosion resistance of steel;
Nickel: can improve the plasticity and the toughness of steel, antirust and temperature capacity is at high temperature arranged;
Molybdenum: make the grain refining of steel, improve hardening capacity and heat resistance can, when high temperature, make steel keep enough intensity and do the creep ability;
Aluminium: the reductor in the steel, but crystal grain thinning, improve impelling strength, aluminium and chromium, silicon share, and can significantly improve the high temperature non-scale performance of steel and the ability of high-temperature corrosion resistance;
Cerium: improve ductility, reduce and eliminate oxygen, sulphur performance hazards to steel.
Said rail frog is with the manufacture craft of steel alloy, through smelt, in the casting process to the control of objectionable constituent ratios such as P, S; Adopt the alloy raw material of specific proportioning, and adopt specific interpolation step, and carry out the control of molten steel composition with direct-reading capacitance meter and realize with the alloying element preparation program; Adopt LF refining, vacuum degassing process can reduce content of harmful gas such as inclusion and N in the molten steel, H, O greatly, the generation of the phenomenon of performance inconsistency lattice such as the tensile strength of the steel of avoiding causing thus and low-temperature impact; Thermal treatment is adopted specific stable, enhances product performance, and adopts PLC automatic temperature-control gas mode to heat, and temperature control is accurately rapid; Thereby improve greatly product weight and work-ing life; The rail frog of being made by this manufacture craft uses the product performance of steel alloy to be: tensile strength sigma b >=1250MPa; Ys σ 0.2 >=1100MPa; Unit elongation δ 5 (‰) >=10; Relative reduction in area ψ (‰) >=25; Room temperature impelling strength α ku (42 ℃) >=75J/cm2; Low-temperature impact toughness σ ku (40 ℃) >=35J/cm2; Hardness HRC37-42; Performances such as the tensile strength of the rail frog of steel alloy making and low-temperature impact are much better than high mangaenese steel thus, can improve greatly the work-ing life of rail frog, need not frequent change, can reduce the orbital motion cost greatly.
Above the present invention has been carried out exemplary description; Obviously the concrete realization of the present invention does not receive the restriction of aforesaid way; As long as adopted the improvement of the various unsubstantialities that method of the present invention design and technical scheme carry out; Or design of the present invention and technical scheme are directly applied to other occasion without improving, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a rail frog is characterized in that: comprising: smelting-casting-forging-thermal treatment with the manufacture craft of steel alloy; Be specially:
(1) smelts
Smelting is divided into thick refining, refining and three operations of vacuum outgas;
Thick refining: adopt electric arc furnace, in electric arc furnace, add the pig iron, steel scrap, carburelant, silit; Adopt spectrum analyzer that molten steel composition is controlled, C＞0.50% when the electric arc furnace molten steel is molten clear does not meet this composition requirement like C content; In electric arc furnace, add C, until C＞0.50%, the control liquid steel temperature is more than 1560 ℃; Oxygen blast dephosphorization decarburization when slag fluidity is good; C content was 0.1-0.13% when oxidation finished, and P≤0.012% is skimmed to molten steel when reaching this composition requirement;
Oxidation sludge is removed the back and in molten steel, is added the pre-deoxidant deoxidation, adds the thin slag charge of 1-1.5% times of molten steel weight, carries out reduction reaction, and alloying constituent in the adjustment molten steel is controlled each alloying constituent to its scope lower limit, and liquid steel temperature is 1680-1700 ℃ of tapping;
Refining: adopt electric arc furnace, in molten steel, add refining slag, adopt spectrum analyzer that molten steel composition is controlled, control each alloying constituent and to its scope, limit, liquid steel temperature stops refining in the time of 1700-1710 ℃; The tapping back adds the pig iron, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, mid-carbon fe-mn, high carbon ferromanganese, ferrosilicon and electrolytic nickel in molten steel, molten steel gets into vacuum outgas in the vacuum oven then;
Vacuum outgas: adopt vacuum oven, vacuum outgas was handled 18～20 minutes, and the timing time opening was controlled at 5-6 minute, and the treating processes Argon adds aluminium in molten steel after the vacuum outgas, added rare earth alloy Ce; According to the spectroscopic analysis result, when carbon content is not enough, feed carbon, control molten steel C and each alloy ingredient are in scope, and tapping temperature is at 1575-1585 ℃;
(2) casting
Liquid steel temperature begins cast in the time of 1560-1565 ℃;
(3) forge
Stock volume after the forging is 95～97% of stock volume before forging;
(4) thermal treatment
Thermal treatment was divided into for three steps, was divided into annealing-quenching-tempering, and thermal treatment process adopts electric furnace, and employing PLC automatic temperature-control gas mode heats and is incubated;
Annealing; Blank after at first (3) being handled is warming up to 680～700 ℃, is incubated 2～2.5 hours; Be warming up to 880～900 ℃ again, be incubated 4.5～5 hours; Be cooled to 280～300 ℃, be incubated 5.5～6 hours;
Quench; Blank after the anneal is warming up to 900～920 ℃, takes out blank then, the suspension naturally cooling;
Tempering; Blank after the quench treatment is warming up to 330～350 ℃, is incubated after 5.5～6 hours, take out the blank naturally cooling.
2. according to the manufacture craft of the described rail frog of claim 1 with steel alloy, it is characterized in that: the content by objectionable constituent N in the steel alloy of this manufacture craft making is≤80.0PPm that the content of H is≤1.2ppm that the content of O is≤20.0ppm.
According to claim 1 or 2 described rail frogs with the manufacture craft of steel alloy, it is characterized in that: in the said forging process, forging pressure is 3～4 tons.
4. according to the manufacture craft of the described rail frog of claim 3 with steel alloy, it is characterized in that: in said smelting (1) operation, slightly C content is 4.20～4.50% in the refining and the pig iron that adds during refining, and other is an iron.
5. according to the manufacture craft of the described rail frog of claim 4 with steel alloy, it is characterized in that: in said smelting (1) operation, slightly chromium content is 59～60% in refining and the ferrochrome that adds during refining, and C content is 0.20～0.25%, and other is an iron.
6. according to the manufacture craft of the described rail frog of claim 5, it is characterized in that with steel alloy: in said smelting (1) operation, molybdenum content 58～60% in refining and the molybdenum-iron that adds during refining slightly, other is an iron.
7. according to the manufacture craft of the described rail frog of claim 6 with steel alloy; It is characterized in that: in said smelting (1) operation, slightly manganese content is 79～80% in refining and the medium carbon manganese steel that adds during refining, and C content is 1.40～1.50%; P content is 0.16～0.18%, and other is an iron.
8. according to the manufacture craft of the described rail frog of claim 7 with steel alloy; It is characterized in that: in said smelting (1) operation, slightly manganese content is 75～76% in refining and the high carbon ferromanganese that adds during refining, and C content is 6.60～6.80%; P content is 0.12～0.14%, and other is an iron.
9. according to the manufacture craft of the described rail frog of claim 8 with steel alloy, it is characterized in that: in said smelting (1) operation, slightly silicone content is 75～76% in refining and the ferrosilicon that adds during refining, and other is an iron; Nickel content is 100% in the electrolytic nickel.
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