CN101748331A - High-speed railway frog manufactured from nano-bainitic steel with high aluminum content and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
High-speed railway frog manufactured from nano-bainitic steel with high aluminum content and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101748331A CN101748331A CN200910227861A CN200910227861A CN101748331A CN 101748331 A CN101748331 A CN 101748331A CN 200910227861 A CN200910227861 A CN 200910227861A CN 200910227861 A CN200910227861 A CN 200910227861A CN 101748331 A CN101748331 A CN 101748331A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-speed railway frog manufactured from nano-bainitic steel with high aluminum content and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the steel comprises the following chemical components: 0.42-0.55wt% of C, 0.5-0.9wt% of Mn, 1.0-1.5wt% of Al, 0.2-0.5wt% of Cr, 0.6-1.0wt% of Mo, 0.1-0.4wt% of W, 0.5-0.8wt% of Si, less than 0.02wt% of S, less than 0.02wt% of P and the balance Fe. The manufacturing method of the steel of the invention mainly comprises the following steps: smelting and then forging the steel, and carrying out dehydrogenation heat treatment and isothermal quenching and tempering treatment after forging to obtain a composite nano-organization structure of which the bainite plate thickness is dozens of nanometers and the residual austenite film thickness is tens of nanometers. The steel of the invention has the following properties: sigma b is greater than or equal to 1500MPa, sigma s is greater than or equal to 1200MPa, delta 5 is greater than or equal to 8%, aKU is greater than or equal to 80J/cm<2>, aKU (-40 DEG C) is greater than or equal to 35J/cm<2>, and HRC is 45-50. Compared with the ZGMn13 steel frog which is widely used currently, the service life of the railway frog manufactured from the steel is improved by more than 1.5 times; compared with the common carbide-free bainitic steel frog, the service life is improved by more than 1 time; and the overload quantity can reach 400 million tons.
Description
Technical field the present invention relates to a kind of ferrous materials and manufacture method thereof, particularly the bainitic steel of high-speed railway crossing special use and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology is in order to produce the railroad frog of use properties excellence, and at first risen the non-carbide bainitic steel assembled frog in Britain the eighties in 20th century.Afterwards the U.S. also to develop MnSiCrNiMoB be the railway frog bainitic steel.Bainitic steel is because of it has high intensity, suitable toughness and hardness makes it show good anti-contact fatigue and wear resisting property, and especially it has excellent welding processing properties, makes it become one of ideal material of making the novel railway railway frog.
With the research of bainitic steel, most countries mainly is to be the requirement that improves railway frog work-ing life and satisfy heavy duty about railway frog, and therefore, the target of research is to obtain the bainitic steel that obdurability and wear resistance are higher than solid manganese steel frog.Require bainite railway frog steel that high shock resistance deformability and good abrasion resistance are arranged.The researchist of various countries mainly realizes this goal by dual mode: the one, and alloying is a basal component with Mo-B, adds Cr, alloying elements such as Ni, with the obdurability of raising material, and hope obtains the tissue based on bainite under the air cooling condition; The 2nd, after heat treatment obtain high performance bainite structure.And Japan and France mainly go out to send research and use bainite steel frog from improving anti-contact fatigue property, and try hard to obtain bainite structure by thermal treatment, and obtain best performance and cost binding site.Obviously, their thinking is more rational.
Discover that the carbon content of common bainitic steel relatively is applicable to the manufacturing railroad frog between 0.2% ~ 0.4%.Table 1 has been listed the chemical ingredients of the commercial bainite steel frog of several countries.As can be seen, having selected Mo system or Mo-B for use abroad in the composition design of bainite steel frog is alloy, serves as to add other alloying elements with Mo or Mo-B, and the advantage of this composition design is to be convenient to obtain bainite structure under the air cooling condition, and technology is simple.Because when containing the Mo element of q.s in the steel, can obviously postpone perlitic transformation and ferritic transformation.After adding the B element, act on more obviously, make bainite transformation " C " curve protrude left, thereby in the cooling rate scope of broad, can obtain bainite structure.This by alloying, and the thinking of acquisition bainite structure becomes the main flow that present bainite steel frog is studied under the air cooling condition.From test-results, the test that various countries are studied has all obtained satisfied tissue and performance with steel behind air cooling.The bainite structure that external test steel air cooling is obtained mostly is mixed structure or carbide-free Bainite tissue.Table 2 has been listed the mechanical property of the commercial bainite steel frog steel in various countries, and the bainite steel frog of various countries' employing all has higher intensity, toughness and hardness as can be seen.
Table 1 is primary commercial bainite steel frog chemical ingredients (wt%) both at home and abroad
The mechanical property of the commercial bainite steel frog of the several countries of table 2
In recent years, railway frog is attracting wide variety of materials scientific research person constantly to study and explore with bainitic steel, has produced many new achievements in research, and involved alloy element comprises: Mn, Cr, Mo, Ni, Si, Al, W, Ti and B.They can make railroad frog performance in a certain respect increase, but all can not well adapt to present high speed, the abominable service condition of heavy haul railway.
Summary of the invention the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high-speed railway frog manufactured from nano-bainitic steel with high aluminum content and manufacture method thereof in long service life at a high speed and under the heavy service condition.The present invention adopts aluminium that medium carbon low alloy steel is carried out Alloying Treatment again, obtains the railway frog special-purpose steel of nanometer bainite structure by isothermal quenching technique.
The special-purpose high alumina nanometer of railroad frog of the present invention bainitic steel, its chemical ingredients (wt%) is: C 0.42～0.55, Mn 0.5～0.9, Al 1.0～1.5, Cr 0.2～0.5, Mo 0.6～1.0, W 0.1～0.4, Si 0.5～0.8, S＜0.02, P＜0.02, all the other are Fe.
The manufacture method of the special-purpose high alumina nanometer of above-mentioned railroad frog bainitic steel:
1, reinforced: as in electric furnace, to add technically pure iron, ferrotungsten, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, ferromanganese, technical pure aluminum and raw metal, preferably be: technically pure iron, ferrotungsten, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, ferromanganese, commercial-purity aluminium by the addition sequence after arriving first;
2, electrosmelting: heating raw makes its whole fusings, and material temperature is kept 10～20min tapping, 1620～1660 ℃ of this tapping temperatures at 1650～1700 ℃ in the control stove;
3, cast: above-mentioned molten steel is poured into steel ingot for 1530～1580 ℃ in temperature, and steel ingot will be in ingot mould slowly cool to room temperature can depanning;
4, forge: the rate of heating of steel ingot≤120 ℃/h, 1250～1300 ℃ of Heating temperatures, 1220～1250 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, final forging temperature 〉=850 ℃;
5, dehydrogenation is handled: forge the back and also be not cooled to before 300 ℃ at forging, directly forging is heated to 640～670 ℃ of insulation 4～6h, be heated to 900～950 ℃ of insulations 2～3h, air coolings afterwards then;
6, final thermal treatment: earlier forging is heated to 900 ℃～950 ℃ and carries out austenitizing and handle, will be immersed in through the steel of austenitizing then and be incubated 2～5h in 200～300 ℃ the salt bath and carry out means of isothermal quenching, air cooling arrives room temperature then; Be heated 330～380 ℃ of insulation 1～3h again and carry out temper.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
1, the special-purpose high alumina nanometer bainite Heat Treatment Of Steel technology of railroad frog of the present invention is very special, low-temperaturetempering after the employing isothermal quenching, obtain a kind of very special complex phase nano-structure structure, to be high silicon steel carry out long isothermal transformation at the low temperature of T=0.25Tm (fusing point that the Tm representative is represented with absolute temperature) can obtain superfine little bainite structure, its tissue only is that the retained austenite film of rich carbon between the bainite ferrite lath as thin as a wafer of 20～80nm and lath is formed by thickness, be called nanometer bainite (Nano bainite) or low temperature bainite (Low temperature bainite), the tensile strength limit of this bainitic steel surpasses 2.3GPa, and fracture toughness value can reach 30MPam
1/2, having good comprehensive mechanical properties, it makes nanometer bainitic steel of the present invention have high strength and high tenacity concurrently, shows very excellent comprehensive mechanical properties: σ
b〉=1500MPa, σ
s〉=1200MPa, δ 5 〉=8%, a
KU〉=80J/cm
2, a
KU (40 ℃)〉=35J/cm
2, HRC45～50.As seen, when this nanometer bainite structure has superstrength, have very excellent toughness, its over-all properties reaches the level of maraging steel, yet its cost only is 1/90th of a maraging steel, and this is very surprising! Improve 1.5 times or more than present widely used ZGMn13 steel railway frog the work-ing life of the railroad frog made from this steel, improves 1 times than common non-carbide bainitic steel railway frog, and overload quantity can reach more than 400,000,000 tons.
2, the present invention adopts aluminium substitution silicon bainitic steel to make railroad frog, and because of the aluminum-containing bainite steel has low hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility than siliceous bainitic steel, and the high-aluminium alloy structure iron can easier acquisition nanometer bainite structure.Therefore, consider, adopt aluminium substitution silicon bainitic steel to make railroad frog and can make transportation by railroad safer from the safety of railway traffic angle.
3, nanometer bainitic steel hardness height of the present invention, good toughness, have very excellent wear-resisting, fatigue performance, has very low hydrogen embrittlement sensitive property simultaneously, this bainite steel frog is high life not only, but also the security of railroad frog is improved, also other bainite steel frog institutes are inaccessiable just for this.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Earlier technically pure iron, ferrotungsten, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, ferromanganese and commercial-purity aluminium are joined in the electric furnace according to sequencing, heating raw makes its whole fusings, and material temperature is kept the 10min tapping, 1620 ℃ of this tapping temperatures at 1680 ℃ in the control stove; Above-mentioned molten steel is poured into steel ingot for 1535 ℃ in temperature, and steel ingot will slowly cool to room temperature can depanning in ingot mould.110 ℃/the h of rate of heating of steel ingot during forging, 1290 ℃ of Heating temperatures, 1250 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, 850 ℃ of final forging temperatures.Forge the back and also be not cooled to before 300 ℃ at forging, directly forging is heated to 670 ℃ of insulation 4h, be heated to 910 ℃ of insulation 3h then, back air cooling carries out dehydrogenation and handles.Carry out final thermal treatment then: promptly earlier forging is heated to 910 ℃ and carries out the austenitizing processing, will directly be immersed in temperature then through the steel of austenitizing is that insulation 3h carries out means of isothermal quenching in 260 ℃ of salt baths, and air cooling is to room temperature afterwards.Reheat to 340 a ℃ insulation 2h carries out temper.The chemical ingredients (wt%) of the special-purpose high alumina nanometer of above-mentioned railroad frog bainite forged steel is: C 0.48, Mn 0.86, Al 1.04, W 0.32, Cr 0.45, Mo 0.69, Si 0.64, S 0.012, P 0.018, all the other are Fe.Forging ' s block dimension is 120 * 200 * 1000mm.30mm place sampling under the forging surface, mechanical property is: σ
b=1610MPa, σ
0.2=1238MPa, δ
5=10%, a
KU=105J/cm
2, HRC47.
Embodiment 2
In embodiment 2, at first technically pure iron, ferrotungsten, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, ferromanganese and commercial-purity aluminium are joined in the electric furnace according to sequencing, heating raw makes its whole fusings, and material temperature is at 1650 ℃ in the control stove, keep the 18min tapping, 1650 ℃ of this tapping temperatures; Above-mentioned molten steel is poured into steel ingot for 1570 ℃ in temperature, and steel ingot will slowly cool to room temperature can depanning in ingot mould.100 ℃/the h of rate of heating of steel ingot during forging, 1260 ℃ of Heating temperatures, 1240 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, 880 ℃ of final forging temperatures.Forge the back and also be not cooled to before 300 ℃, directly forging is heated to 640 ℃ of insulation 6h, be heated to 920 ℃ of insulation 3h then, back air cooling at forging.Carry out final thermal treatment then: promptly earlier forging is heated to 940 ℃ and carries out the austenitizing processing, will directly be immersed in temperature then through the steel of austenitizing is that insulation 3h carries out means of isothermal quenching in 250 ℃ of salt baths, and air cooling is to room temperature afterwards.Reheat to 350 a ℃ insulation 3h carries out temper.The chemical ingredients (wt%) of steel is after above-mentioned technology melting: C 0.53, Mn 0.78, Al 1.41, W 0.31, Cr 0.47, Mo 0.65, Si 0.62, S 0.008, P 0.017, all the other are Fe.Forging ' s block dimension is 100 * 200 * 800mm.50mm place sampling under the forging surface, mechanical property is: σ
b=1787MPa, σ
0.2=1256MPa, δ
5=8%, a
KU=90J/cm
2, HRC50.
Embodiment 3
In embodiment 3, at first technically pure iron, ferrotungsten, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, ferromanganese and commercial-purity aluminium are joined in the electric furnace according to sequencing, heating raw makes its whole fusings, and material temperature is at 1690 ℃ in the control stove, keep the 11min tapping, 1630 ℃ of this tapping temperatures; Above-mentioned molten steel is poured into steel ingot for 1540 ℃ in temperature, and steel ingot will slowly cool to room temperature can depanning in ingot mould.120 ℃/the h of rate of heating of steel ingot during forging, 1280 ℃ of Heating temperatures, 1250 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, 870 ℃ of final forging temperatures.Forge the back and also be not cooled to before 300 ℃, directly forging is heated to 660 ℃ of insulation 5h, be heated to 940 ℃ of insulation 2h then, back air cooling at forging.Carry out final thermal treatment then: promptly earlier forging is heated to 920 ℃ and carries out the austenitizing processing, will directly be immersed in temperature then through the steel of austenitizing is that insulation 4h carries out means of isothermal quenching in 220 ℃ of salt baths, and air cooling is to room temperature afterwards.Reheat to 360 a ℃ insulation 2h carries out temper.The chemical ingredients of steel (wt%) is after the melting: C 0.44, Mn 0.78, Al 1.22, W 0.38, Cr 0.42, Mo 0.65, Si 0.76, S 0.006, P 0.016, all the other are Fe.Forging ' s block dimension is 160 * 200 * 2000mm, and forging is processed into central body of frog, and carries out the test of upper track actual motion, and overload quantity reaches 4.2 hundred million tons.
Claims (4)
1. high-speed railway frog manufactured from nano-bainitic steel with high aluminum content, it is characterized in that: its chemical ingredients (wt%) is: C 0.42～0.55, Mn 0.5～0.9, Al 1.0～1.5, Cr 0.2～0.5, Mo 0.6～1.0, W 0.1～0.4, Si 0.5～0.8, S＜0.02, P＜0.02, all the other are Fe.
2. aforesaid right requires the manufacture method of 1 described high-speed railway frog manufactured from nano-bainitic steel with high aluminum content, it is characterized in that:
(1) in electric furnace, adds technically pure iron, ferrotungsten, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, ferromanganese, commercial-purity aluminium;
(2) heating raw makes its whole fusings, and material temperature is kept 10～20min tapping, 1620～1660 ℃ of this tapping temperatures at 1650～1700 ℃ in the control stove;
(3) above-mentioned molten steel is poured into steel ingot for 1530～1580 ℃ in temperature, and steel ingot will be in ingot mould slowly cool to room temperature can depanning;
Rate of heating≤120 of steel ingot ℃ when (4) forging/h, 1250～1300 ℃ of Heating temperatures, 1220～1250 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, final forging temperature 〉=850 ℃;
(5) forge the back and also be not cooled to before 300 ℃, directly forging is heated to 640～670 ℃ of insulation 4～6h, be heated to 900～950 ℃ of insulations 2～3h, air coolings afterwards then at forging;
(6) forging is heated to 900 ℃～950 ℃ and carries out austenitizing and handle, will be immersed in through the steel of austenitizing then and be incubated 2～5h in the salt bath of 200～300 ℃ of temperature and carry out means of isothermal quenching; Again steel is heated to 330～380 ℃ of insulation 2～3h and carries out temper.
3. according to right 1 and 2 described high-speed railway frog manufactured from nano-bainitic steel with high aluminum content material and manufacture method thereof, it is characterized in that: the bainite ferrite lath thickness that is organized as of the steel of acquisition is that tens nanometers and residual austenite film thickness are the complex phase nano-structure structure of tens nanometers.
4. the manufacture method of high-speed railway frog manufactured from nano-bainitic steel with high aluminum content according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: alloy and raw metal by the addition sequence after arriving first are: technically pure iron, ferrotungsten, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, ferromanganese, commercial-purity aluminium.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102409138A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-04-11 | 芜湖山桥铁路器材有限公司 | Process for manufacturing alloy steel for rail frog |
| CN102936700A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-02-20 | 燕山大学 | Full bainitic steel frog and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102953006A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-03-06 | 燕山大学 | Integral hard bainite bearing steel and manufacture method thereof |
| CN104294014A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-01-21 | 首都航天机械公司 | Bainite isothermal heat treatment method of medium-carbon silicomanganese nickel-chromium-series low-alloy steel |
| CN104593664A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-05-06 | 东北大学 | Hot-rolled nanometer bainite steel, production method of hot-rolled nanometer bainite steel and manufacturing method of automotive frame |
| CN106521350A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-03-22 | 河北工业大学 | Preparation method of high-tenacity medium-and-high-carbon superfine bainite steel |
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| CN108165890A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-06-15 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of low-cost high-strength nanometer bainite abrasion-proof steel ball |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102409138A (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-04-11 | 芜湖山桥铁路器材有限公司 | Process for manufacturing alloy steel for rail frog |
| CN102953006A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-03-06 | 燕山大学 | Integral hard bainite bearing steel and manufacture method thereof |
| CN102953006B (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2014-08-06 | 燕山大学 | Integral hard bainite bearing steel and manufacture method thereof |
| CN102936700A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-02-20 | 燕山大学 | Full bainitic steel frog and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN102936700B (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-07-23 | 燕山大学 | Full bainitic steel frog and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN104294014A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2015-01-21 | 首都航天机械公司 | Bainite isothermal heat treatment method of medium-carbon silicomanganese nickel-chromium-series low-alloy steel |
| CN104294014B (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2016-12-28 | 首都航天机械公司 | The bainite isothermal heat treatment method of middle carbon silicomanganese chromium nickel series low-alloy steel |
| CN104593664A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-05-06 | 东北大学 | Hot-rolled nanometer bainite steel, production method of hot-rolled nanometer bainite steel and manufacturing method of automotive frame |
| CN106521350A (en) * | 2016-11-21 | 2017-03-22 | 河北工业大学 | Preparation method of high-tenacity medium-and-high-carbon superfine bainite steel |
| CN107675077A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-02-09 | 燕山大学 | A kind of middle carbon nanometer bainite unimach, rod iron and preparation method thereof |
| CN107675077B (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2019-01-29 | 燕山大学 | A kind of middle carbon nanometer bainite unimach, rod iron and preparation method thereof |
| CN108165890A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-06-15 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of preparation method of low-cost high-strength nanometer bainite abrasion-proof steel ball |
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