CN102406059B - Nonreactive cultivation method combining fungi for padding material, feed and disinfection and biological isolation - Google Patents
Nonreactive cultivation method combining fungi for padding material, feed and disinfection and biological isolation Download PDFInfo
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- CN102406059B CN102406059B CN 201110293413 CN201110293413A CN102406059B CN 102406059 B CN102406059 B CN 102406059B CN 201110293413 CN201110293413 CN 201110293413 CN 201110293413 A CN201110293413 A CN 201110293413A CN 102406059 B CN102406059 B CN 102406059B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of animal husbandry, and in particular relates to a nonreactive cultivation method combining fungi for padding material, feed and disinfection and biological isolation. The method is characterized by comprising the following four steps: (1) adding a strain for the padding material in the pad material so as to prepare a fermentation bed; (2) adding a strain for the feed in the feed; (3) spraying a bacteria suspension for disinfection in a feed environment; and (4) planting afforesting trees and Chinese herbal medicine with a disinfection effect to replace insulation belts among adjacent colony houses. According to the invention, the cultivation environment is improved obviously; the cultivation income is improved; the cultivation cost and risk are lowered; and an effective guarantee is provided for acquiring high-quality nonreactive products.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the animal husbandry field, be specifically related to the nonreactive cultivation method of a kind of bedding and padding, feed, disinfecting bacterium and biological isolation associating.
Background technology
Along with the continuous expansion of breeding scale level and the raising of world agriculture economic globalization degree.China's animal husbandry faces unprecedented development space and huge challenge for existence.At present, there are many problems in China's animal husbandry, and for example: (1) human major product and requirement of byproduct to animal husbandry is more and more higher; (2) epidemic disease is more and more serious to the threat of the health of animal population and breeding environment; (3) the crop products price is constantly soaring, causes animal husbandry pressure increasing; (4) the international trade barrier affects the fast development of China's animal husbandry; (5) the breeding pollution problem is more and more outstanding, becomes the bottleneck of Animal husbandry development, and has caused the great attention of society and government; (6) abuse of antibiotic etc not only to animal, even causes larger hidden danger to health.
The existence of these problems has produced tremendous influence to animal husbandry, so Animal husbandry all begins actively to seek and a kind ofly can improve animal welfare, reduce environmental pollution, can improve again the cultural method of consumption safety.
At present, in the animal husbandry cultivation, add useful microorganism species and become a scientific and reasonable technology, but these bacterial classifications of how arranging in pairs or groups have become the project that each enterprise falls over each other to study.
The EM bacterium is that a kind of Mixed Microbes generally comprises Bacillus, saccharomycete, actinomyces, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, cellulose-decomposing bacterium, lactic acid bacteria etc., cultivates the effectively compound microbial flora that forms through specific process.Can be used for food and add, the farming disease harms control, waste water control etc.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, thalline is shaft-like, oval or sphere, without endogenous spore, Gram-negative.Strict aerobic, organic nutrition type, the nitrogen in the energy fixed air.
Photosynthetic bacteria be occur on the earth the earliest, occurring in nature ubiquity, prokaryotes with original luminous energy synthetic system, it is the general name of under anaerobic not putting the photosynthetic bacterium of oxygen, be the Gram-negative bacteria that a class does not form the gemma ability, being a class carries out the microorganism of photosynthesis synthetic carbohydrate, amino acid, cellulose family, bioactivator as the energy, the organic matter that can utilize occurring in nature under anaerobism illumination or aerobic dark condition, sulfide, ammonia etc. as the hydrogen donor carbon source of holding concurrently with light.
Bacillus licheniformis cellular morphology and arrangement are shaft-like, Dan Sheng, capable of regulating flora (Bifidobacterium Bifidum, Bacillus acidi lactici, bacteroid, peptostreptococcus are had the promotion growth) imbalance reaches therapeutic purposes, can impel body to produce antibacterial substance, kill pathogenic bacteria (pathogenic bacteria such as staphylococcus, yeast-like fungus are had antagonism).Can produce the resistant activity material, and have unique biology and take the oxygen mechanism of action by force, can suppress the growth and breeding of pathogenic bacteria.
Bacillus subtilis is a kind of of bacillus.The subtilin that produces in the bacillus subtilis thalli growth process, polymyxins, nystatin, gramicidins isoreactivity material, these active materials have obvious inhibitory action to the conditioned pathogen of pathogenic bacteria or autogenous infection.Bacillus subtilis consumes rapidly the free oxygen in the environment, causes the enteron aisle hypoxemia, promotes the growth of useful anaerobic bacteria, and produces the organic acid such as lactic acid, reduces the enteron aisle pH value, indirectly suppresses other pathogenic bacteria growth.Thalline self synthesizes the enzymes such as AMS, protease, lipase, cellulase, in alimentary canal with animal body in digestive enzymes together play a role; The multiple B family vitamins such as energy synthetic vitamin B1, B2, B6, nicotinic acid, the activity of interferon and macrophage in the raising animal body.
Summary of the invention
The nonreactive cultivation method that the purpose of this invention is to provide bedding and padding, feed, disinfecting bacterium and biological isolation associating, can carry out each bacterial classification reasonably combined and then be applied in the links of cultivation, and take biological isolation so that whole cultivation is more scientific and reasonable, avoid the epidemic disease and the problem of environmental pollution that occur in the breeding process, improve the quality of animal husbandry major product and byproduct.
The nonreactive cultivation method of a kind of bedding and padding of the present invention, feed, disinfecting bacterium and biological isolation associating comprises following four aspects:
(1) in bedding and padding, adds bedding and padding and make fermentation bed with bacterial classification with this, bedding and padding and bedding and padding are 1000: 1 with the mass ratio of bacterial classification, wherein, bedding and padding are 50~10,000,000,000 viable bacterias/g with the bacterial classification content of bacterial classification, according to the parts by weight meter, bedding and padding are formulated by 4~5 parts of EM bacterium, 2~3 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and 3~4 parts of photosynthetic bacterias with bacterial classification;
(2) according to the standard that adds 2~4kg feed spawn in the feed per ton, in feed, add feed spawn, wherein, the bacterial content of feed spawn is 50~10,000,000,000 viable bacterias/g, according to the parts by weight meter, feed spawn is formulated by 2~3 parts of bacillus licheniformis and 1 part of bacillus subtilis;
(3) the disinfecting bacterium kind is made the disinfecting bacterium suspension that concentration is 50~10,000,000,000 viable bacterias/mL, then the disinfecting bacterium suspension according to 1: 50~100 quality than thin up, last spray disinfectant in feeding environment, wherein, the disinfecting bacterium kind adopts the EM bacterium;
(4) plantation landscape tree and Chinese herbal medicine with disinfective action replace the isolation strip of adjacent turn my humble abode.
Wherein, the bedding and padding in aspect (1) are preferably in rice husk, sawdust or the peanut shell combination of one or more.When the adding bedding and padding are used bacterial classification in bedding and padding, preferably carry out according to following steps: the bedding and padding with whole bacterial classifications and 5% stir first, adding 5% bedding and padding stirs again, last remaining 90% the bedding and padding of adding again stir, and in whipping process, add entry, make in the bedding and padding biodiversity content 40%.
The process that bedding and padding are made is the process of bedding and padding self fermentation in fact, its objective is and in bedding and padding, add on the one hand a considerable amount of bedding and padding bacterial classifications, for letting animals feed enters to give up ready, the heat that produces by sweat on the other hand kills harmful bacteria, for letting animals feed provides certain heat, reduce the production cost of artificial heat insulation simultaneously.
Pad material fermentation is to pile trapezoidally in breeding house, cover with gunnysack or straw, summer 5-7d, winter, 10-15d got final product.Also can according to need of production, shorten or prolong fermentation time by increase and decrease bacterial classification quantity and accomplish the end in view.The bedding and padding that ferment are spread out pave, the thickness after paving reaches 40~50cm, can use after placing 24h.Pad material fermentation is one of key object of managing in the standardization aquaculture model, the quality of bedding and padding whether with can reduce management intensity, reduce that epidemic disease occurs and to increase culture benefit of close concern to each other, regular maintenance and the management of bedding and padding just seemed most important.
Observe bedding and padding biodiversity content according to animal drainage situation, make it remain at 40%.As when airborne dust occurring, available clear water carries out surface sprinkling.When the biodiversity too high levels, can suppress the normal growth breeding of microorganism, thereby affect fermentation efficiency.When finding that moisture is too high, can suitably spread a little dry material dilution excessive moistures.
Because the catabolism of microorganism sometimes has ammonia and produces in the colony house, can add the bedding and padding bacterial classifications more by in bedding and padding, and be aided with and strengthen the reduction ammonia concentration or eliminate of ventilating.
Bedding and padding will determine the stirring number of times according to the ight soil situation, do not lump, pile up and be advisable with the surface.
The bedding and padding temperature is the main index of determining.The fermentation bed surface temperature remains at 20~30 ℃, fermentation bed down 30 centimeters be core fermentation layer, its temperature does not change with seasonal variations, can remain at about 40 ℃.According to this rule, the temperature of results of regular determination core fermentation layer can determine whether to need to add bacterial classification.If drop in temperature, and be not that moisture is crossed low or too high factor and caused, can suitably add bedding and padding and solve with bacterial classification.
Landscape tree in the aspect (4) is preferably one or more in Chinese wax, method paulownia or the Chinese scholar tree, and Chinese herbal medicine is preferably honeysuckle.Isolation forms the transfer barrier that daily pathogen is spread as biology for the landscape tree of planting and Chinese herbal medicine, guarantee that after epidemic disease occurs infectious disease popular take air as main route of transmission even do not occur for few generation between letting animals feed, avoid as far as possible even stop cross-infection between the letting animals feed epidemic disease.
The present invention does not add any antibiotic in whole breeding process, reduce aquaculture cost, and avoided the healthy hidden danger of antibiotic to animal and human's body.
The invention has the advantages that: in breeding process, more than four aspect use in conjunction, add scientific and reasonable feeding and management, guaranteeing that letting animals feed obtains under the condition of suitable growth temperature, suppress growing of harmful bacteria in the feeding environment by feed and environment disinfected with the advantageous effect of microorganism, reduce ill probability.Because ight soil need not processed, when reducing workload, can protect surrounding enviroment and underground water not contaminated.The air borne approach of the plantation pathogenic microorganism capable of blocking by landscape tree and Chinese herbal medicine is being avoided importing into and reducing and reduce the cultivation risk aspect the cross-infection of epidemic disease.The bedding and padding of processing through the regular period microbial fermentation finally can form the high-quality organic fertilizer, increase income.The present invention has obviously improved feeding environment, has improved the cultivation income, has reduced feeding cost and cultivation risk, provides powerful guarantee for obtaining high-quality nonreactive product.
The specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with example.
Embodiment 1:
Present embodiment comprises following 4 aspects take feeding of broiler as example:
(1) bedding and padding adopt rice husk and sawdust to mix, in bedding and padding, add the bedding and padding bacterial classification, bedding and padding and bedding and padding are 1000: 1 with the mass ratio of bacterial classification, carry out according to following steps: the bedding and padding with whole bacterial classifications and 5% stir first, adding 5% bedding and padding stirs again, last remaining 90% the bedding and padding of adding again stir, and add entry in whipping process, make in the bedding and padding biodiversity content 40%.Wherein, bedding and padding are 8,000,000,000 viable bacterias/g with the bacterial classification content of bacterial classification, and according to the parts by weight meter, bedding and padding are formulated by 5 parts of EM bacterium, 2 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and 3 parts of photosynthetic bacterias with bacterial classification;
(2) according to the standard that adds the 4kg feed spawn in the feed per ton, add feed spawn in feed, wherein, the bacterial classification content of feed spawn is 7,500,000,000 viable bacterias/g, according to the parts by weight meter, feed spawn is formulated by 3 parts of bacillus licheniformis and 1 part of bacillus subtilis;
(3) the disinfecting bacterium kind is mixed with the disinfecting bacterium suspension that concentration is 9,000,000,000 viable bacterias/mL, then the disinfecting bacterium suspension according to 1: 100 quality than thin up, last spray disinfectant in feeding environment, wherein, the disinfecting bacterium kind adopts the EM bacterium;
(4) alternately plant the isolation strip that Chinese wax, method paulownia, Chinese scholar tree, honeysuckle replace the adjacent turn my humble abode.
The indices data that present embodiment obtains are as follows:
(1) general index:
Project | Breeding cycle | Feedstuff-meat ratio | Deliver average weight for sale | Survival rate | Case fatality rate | Antibiotic uses |
Numerical value | 42d | 1.61∶1 | 2.85Kg | 95% | 0 | Nothing |
(2) the residual detection of medicine: (detecting index take the weight of animals as standard)
Sequence number | Project | Result (μ g/Kg) | Sequence number | Project | Result (μ g/Kg) |
1 | Nitroimidazole | Do not detect | 9 | Clenbuterol | 0 |
2 | Sulfanilamide (SN) (15) | 0 | 10 | Quinolone (13) | 0 |
3 | Tetracycline (4) | Do not detect | 11 | Salbutamol | 0 |
4 | Chloramphenicol | 0 | 12 | Ractopamine | 0 |
5 | Nitrofurazone | 0 | 13 | ROX | 0 |
6 | Furaltadone | 0 | 14 | Tylosin | 0 |
7 | Furantoin | 0 | 15 | Lincomycin | 0 |
8 | Furazolidone | 0 | 16 | Erythromycin | 0 |
Embodiment 2:
Present embodiment is raised as example take the meat duck, comprises following 4 aspects:
(1) bedding and padding adopt rice husk and sawdust to mix, in bedding and padding, add the bedding and padding bacterial classification, bedding and padding and bedding and padding are 1000: 1 with the mass ratio of bacterial classification, carry out according to following steps: the bedding and padding with whole bacterial classifications and 5% stir first, adding 5% bedding and padding stirs again, last remaining 90% the bedding and padding of adding again stir, and add entry in whipping process, make in the bedding and padding biodiversity content 40%.Wherein, bedding and padding are 4,500,000,000 viable bacterias/g with the bacterial classification content of bacterial classification, and according to the parts by weight meter, bedding and padding are formulated by 4 parts of EM bacterium, 3 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and 3 parts of photosynthetic bacterias with bacterial classification;
(2) according to the standard that adds the 4kg feed spawn in the feed per ton, add feed spawn in feed, wherein, the bacterial classification content of feed spawn is 8,000,000,000 viable bacterias/g, according to the parts by weight meter, feed spawn is formulated by 3 parts of bacillus licheniformis and 1 part of bacillus subtilis;
(3) the disinfecting bacterium kind is mixed with the disinfecting bacterium suspension that concentration is 6,000,000,000 viable bacterias/mL, then the disinfecting bacterium suspension according to 1: 50 quality than thin up, last spray disinfectant in feeding environment, wherein, the disinfecting bacterium kind adopts the EM bacterium;
(4) alternately plant the isolation strip that Chinese wax, method paulownia, Chinese scholar tree, honeysuckle replace the adjacent turn my humble abode.
The indices data that present embodiment obtains are as follows:
(1) general index:
Project | Breeding cycle | Feedstuff-meat ratio | Deliver average weight for sale | Survival rate | Case fatality rate | Antibiotic uses |
Numerical value | 42d | 1.82∶1 | 3.3Kg | 95% | 0 | Nothing |
(2) the residual detection of medicine: (detecting index take the weight of animals as standard)
Sequence number | Project | Result (μ g/Kg) | Sequence number | Project | Result (μ g/Kg) |
1 | Nitroimidazole | Do not detect | 9 | Clenbuterol | 0 |
2 | Sulfanilamide (SN) (15) | 0 | 10 | Quinolone (13) | 0 |
3 | Tetracycline (4) | Do not detect | 11 | Salbutamol | 0 |
4 | Chloramphenicol | 0 | 12 | Ractopamine | 0 |
5 | Nitrofurazone | 0 | 13 | ROX | 0 |
6 | Furaltadone | 0 | 14 | Tylosin | 0 |
7 | Furantoin | 0 | 15 | Lincomycin | 0 |
8 | Furazolidone | 0 | 16 | Erythromycin | 0 |
Claims (5)
1. bedding and padding, feed, disinfecting bacterium and biology are isolated the nonreactive cultivation method of uniting, and it is characterized in that comprising following four aspects:
(1) in bedding and padding, adds bedding and padding and make fermentation bed with bacterial classification with this, bedding and padding and bedding and padding are 1000:1 with the mass ratio of bacterial classification, wherein, bedding and padding are 50~10,000,000,000 viable bacterias/g with the bacterial classification content of bacterial classification, according to the parts by weight meter, bedding and padding are formulated by 4~5 parts of EM bacterium, 2~3 parts of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and 3~4 parts of photosynthetic bacterias with bacterial classification;
(2) according to the standard that adds 2~4kg feed spawn in the feed per ton, in feed, add feed spawn, wherein, the bacterial content of feed spawn is 50~10,000,000,000 viable bacterias/g, according to the parts by weight meter, feed spawn is formulated by 2~3 parts of bacillus licheniformis and 1 part of bacillus subtilis;
(3) the disinfecting bacterium kind is made the disinfecting bacterium suspension that concentration is 50~10,000,000,000 viable bacterias/mL, then the disinfecting bacterium suspension according to the quality of 1:50~100 than thin up, last spray disinfectant in feeding environment, wherein, the disinfecting bacterium kind adopts the EM bacterium;
(4) plantation landscape tree and Chinese herbal medicine with disinfective action replace the isolation strip of adjacent turn my humble abode.
2. the nonreactive cultivation method of bedding and padding according to claim 1, feed, disinfecting bacterium and biological isolation associating is characterized in that bedding and padding in the aspect (1) are one or more combination in rice husk, sawdust or the peanut shell.
3. bedding and padding according to claim 1, feed, disinfecting bacterium and biology are isolated the nonreactive cultivation method of uniting, when it is characterized in that the adding bedding and padding are used bacterial classification in bedding and padding in the aspect (1), bedding and padding with whole bacterial classifications and 5% stir first, adding 5% bedding and padding stirs again, last remaining 90% the bedding and padding of adding again stir, and in whipping process, add entry, make in the bedding and padding biodiversity content 40%.
4. the nonreactive cultivation method of bedding and padding according to claim 1, feed, disinfecting bacterium and biological isolation associating is characterized in that landscape tree in the aspect (4) is more than one in Chinese wax, method paulownia or the Chinese scholar tree.
5. the nonreactive cultivation method of bedding and padding according to claim 1, feed, disinfecting bacterium and biological isolation associating is characterized in that the Chinese herbal medicine in the aspect (4) is honeysuckle.
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CN101760431A (en) * | 2010-01-05 | 2010-06-30 | 北京市农林科学院 | Compound microbial culture starter and application thereof |
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圈舍周围绿化的作用;张金平;《河南科技报》;20081216;全文 * |
张金平.圈舍周围绿化的作用.《河南科技报》.2008,全文. |
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