CN102403888A - Photovoltaic grid connected inverter with reverse connection prevention function and control method therefor - Google Patents
Photovoltaic grid connected inverter with reverse connection prevention function and control method therefor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102403888A CN102403888A CN2011103801474A CN201110380147A CN102403888A CN 102403888 A CN102403888 A CN 102403888A CN 2011103801474 A CN2011103801474 A CN 2011103801474A CN 201110380147 A CN201110380147 A CN 201110380147A CN 102403888 A CN102403888 A CN 102403888A
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic grid connected inverter with a reverse connection prevention function. The photovoltaic grid connected inverter comprises an inverter unit, a control unit, a filter capacitor and a reverse connection prevention unit; the reverse connection prevention unit is connected with an input end of the inverter unit; and the filter capacitor is bridged between two input ends of the inverter unit. The photovoltaic grid connected inverter also comprises a voltage sampling circuit which is connected with the control unit by signal and is used for sampling voltages at the two ends of the filter capacitor and transmitting the sampling results to the control unit; the reverse connection prevention circuit comprises a current limiting resistor, a reversion prevention diode and a bypass controllable switch; the current limiting resistor is connected in series with the reversion prevention diode; the bypass controllable switch is connected in parallel with a series circuit formed by the current limiting resistor and the reversion prevention diode; and the control end of the bypass controllable switch is connected with the control unit by a signal. The invention also discloses a control method for the photovoltaic grid connected inverter. Compared with the prior art, the photovoltaic grid connected inverter has the advantages of simple structure, safety, high reliability, low requirement on components, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of photovoltaic combining inverter, relate in particular to a kind of photovoltaic combining inverter and control method thereof with anti-reverse function.
Background technology
Along with the continuous minimizing of resources such as oil, coal, and the severe situation of global warming, renewable natural energy resources such as the solar energy that environmental protection and reserves are extremely abundant, wind energy more and more receive people's favor.Along with development of technology, utilize solar energy to carry out photovoltaic generation also more and more widely in the recent period.In the photovoltaic application of solar energy, parallel network power generation is the important development trend that photovoltaic is used, and oneself becomes the principal mode of photovoltaic application.Along with the extensive use of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter on the market, its fail safe also becomes one of focus of concern.Photovoltaic combining inverter mainly be the direct current with photovoltaic module output be converted into and electrical network with frequently with the alternating current of identical amplitude; If direct current input reversal connection meeting causes the inverter internal damage, in design, need take certain measure to prevent the generation of this situation.Generally we can be employed in DC side adding counnter attack diode, utilize the unilateral conduction of diode to prevent the damage that reversal connection brings.Its structure is as shown in Figure 1.It can utilize unilateral conduction protection system in direct current input reversal connection of diode, but after the normal operation of inverter, the counnter attack diode has certain tube voltage drop; Below the low power 1V, powerful possibly reaching about 2V, it not only causes the reduction of the busbar voltage of inverter; Control to inverter exerts an influence; After electric current flows through this diode, also can produce a large amount of power losses, cause entire system efficient to reduce; Also can generate heat at the diode place, must consider its heat dissipation problem during design.Also having a kind of improvement design is to utilize contactor or relay bypass counnter attack diode when the inverter operate as normal, as shown in Figure 2.This kind mode has been eliminated influences such as power loss that the tube voltage drop of counnter attack diode brings, heating, but still there is very big drawback in it, and first: when the photovoltaic input powers on; Because the existence of back level filter capacitor can produce very big charging current, especially for powerful inverter; The appearance value of filter capacitor is very big; It can produce in the electric capacity charging process in a large amount of thermal lossess, causes that the temperature of electric capacity raises, and reduces the life-span of electric capacity.Second: inverter can not guarantee whether contactor or relay are in normal operating conditions; In case it breaks down and normally adhesive; Operating current still flows through diode; The diode problem with capacity of must considering to dispel the heat, its type selecting must meet the rated current requirement of inverter, has caused the rising of cost.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome existing has the deficiency of anti-reverse function photovoltaic combining inverter, provide a kind of simple in structure, security reliability is high, photovoltaic combining inverter with anti-reverse function and the control method thereof lower to the components and parts requirement.
Photovoltaic combining inverter with anti-reverse function of the present invention; Comprise inversion unit, control unit, filter capacitor, anti-reverse unit; Said anti-reverse unit is connected with an input of inversion unit; Said filter capacitor cross-over connection is between two inputs of inversion unit, and said photovoltaic combining inverter also comprises the voltage sampling circuit that is connected with the control unit signal, is used for the voltage at filter capacitor two ends is sampled and sampled result is transferred to control unit; Said reverse-connection preventing circuit comprises current-limiting resistance, counnter attack diode, bypass gate-controlled switch; Current-limiting resistance is connected with the counnter attack diode; The bypass gate-controlled switch is parallelly connected with the series circuit that current-limiting resistance and counnter attack diode are constituted, and the control end of bypass gate-controlled switch is connected with the control unit signal.
Said bypass gate-controlled switch can be relay or contactor.
A kind of control method that has the photovoltaic combining inverter of anti-reverse function as stated may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, photovoltaic combining inverter power on, and control unit detects the filter capacitor voltage through voltage sampling circuit, and when the filter capacitor voltage reached stable state, control unit was controlled the conducting of said bypass gate-controlled switch;
Step 2, control unit detect the voltage at filter capacitor two ends after the conducting of bypass gate-controlled switch through voltage sampling circuit; And whether the change in voltage of judging filter capacitor two ends before and after the conducting of bypass gate-controlled switch is between (Δ U-ε) ~ (Δ U+ ε); In this way; Then control said inversion unit and start, otherwise, inversion unit and warning do not started; Wherein, ε is preset error correction values, and Δ U obtains according to following formula:
ΔU=
+VD ，
In the formula,
PBe the power loss under the said photovoltaic combining inverter Light Condition,
U1Be the voltage at filter capacitor two ends before the conducting of bypass gate-controlled switch,
RBe the resistance of current-limiting resistance, VD is the conduction voltage drop of counnter attack diode.
Said filter capacitor voltage reaches stable state, can adopt following two kinds of methods to judge:
First method: whether the variation of judging the filter capacitor voltage that the voltage sampling circuit sampling obtains in this way, then judges filter capacitor voltage reach stable state less than a preset threshold value; As not, then do not reach stable state.
Second method: power on through one preset period from photovoltaic combining inverter, the filter capacitor voltage reaches stable state.
Compare prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, because inverter has bigger charging current that electric capacity is charged when direct current powers on; Cause the temperature rise of electric capacity; Reduced the life-span of electric capacity, adopted the power resistor current-limiting charge, not only reduced the impact of charging current electric capacity; Can also select counnter attack diode, reduce cost than low capacity.
2, inverter is when direct current powers on back control bypass gate-controlled switch closure; If because of certain reason or gate-controlled switch fault cause gate-controlled switch not have normally closed, after inverter work, can produce power consumption at counnter attack diode place; The counnter attack diode radiating is bad will to cause its damage; Cause the unreliable work of system, utilize to measure the variation of filter capacitor terminal voltage before and after the closed bypass gate-controlled switch, judge whether operate as normal of contactor or relay; Thereby judge that can inverter normally start, improved the reliability of system.
3, circuit structure is simple, and control realizes easily.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of existing structural representation with photovoltaic combining inverter of anti-reverse function;
Fig. 2 is another kind of existing structural representation with photovoltaic combining inverter of anti-reverse function;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation with photovoltaic combining inverter of anti-reverse function of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic flow sheet of control method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated:
Photovoltaic combining inverter with anti-reverse function of the present invention; Its structure is as shown in Figure 3; Comprise inversion unit, control unit, filter capacitor C1, anti-reverse unit; Anti-reverse unit is connected (situation for being connected with positive input terminal shown in the figure) with an input of inversion unit; Said filter capacitor C1 cross-over connection is between two inputs of inversion unit, and said photovoltaic combining inverter also comprises the voltage sampling circuit that is connected with the control unit signal, is used for the voltage at filter capacitor C1 two ends is sampled and sampled result is transferred to control unit; Said reverse-connection preventing circuit comprises current-limiting resistance R, counnter attack diode D, bypass controllable switch S; Current-limiting resistance R connects with counnter attack diode D; The bypass controllable switch S is parallelly connected with the series circuit that current-limiting resistance R and counnter attack diode D are constituted, and the control end of bypass controllable switch S is connected with the control unit signal.
Control unit is monitored the voltage at filter capacitor C1 two ends through voltage sampling circuit, and according to monitoring result the bypass gate-controlled switch in inversion unit and the anti-reverse unit is controlled, and control procedure is as shown in Figure 4, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, photovoltaic combining inverter power on, and control unit detects filter capacitor C1 voltage through voltage sampling circuit, and when filter capacitor C1 voltage reached stable state, control unit was controlled the conducting of said bypass controllable switch S;
Step 2, control unit detect the voltage at filter capacitor C1 two ends after the conducting of bypass controllable switch S through voltage sampling circuit; And whether the change in voltage of judging filter capacitor C1 two ends before and after the conducting of bypass controllable switch S is between (Δ U-ε) ~ (Δ U+ ε); In this way; Then control said inversion unit and start, otherwise, inversion unit and warning do not started; Wherein, ε is preset error correction values, and Δ U obtains according to following formula:
ΔU=
+VD ，
In the formula,
PBe the power loss under the said photovoltaic combining inverter Light Condition,
U1 voltage for filter capacitor two ends before the conducting of bypass gate-controlled switch,
RBe the resistance of current-limiting resistance, VD is the conduction voltage drop of counnter attack diode.
The principle of this control method is following:
Photovoltaic combining inverter powers on, through current-limiting resistance R and counnter attack diode D, and to filter capacitor C1 charging, if photovoltaic panel input error-polarity connection, because the existence of counnter attack diode D could prevent that inverter from causing damage because of dc reverse connection to it.Current-limiting resistance R can limit charging current in the filter capacitor C1 charging stage; There is not current-limiting resistance R else if; Because the existence of the equiva lent impedance ESR of filter capacitor C1; (wherein C is a filter capacitor C1 capacity to the energy loss that on ESR between charge period, can produce
; U is an input voltage); Cause the temperature rise of filter capacitor C1; And very big peak current
is arranged; After adding current-limiting resistance (resistance is R); Energy loss during charging
is most of just to consume on current-limiting resistance R; Peak value is limited in
; One of which: can protect filter capacitor C1; Its two: counnter attack diode D just can select the less model of rated current, cutting down cost.
When filter capacitor C1 charging reaches inverter built-in system starting resistor; The inverter built-in system starts the generation operating current; When filter capacitor C1 voltage reaches stable state; This moment, photovoltaic combining inverter produced stable power loss P (being the power loss under its Light Condition); If this moment, control unit was U1 through the terminal voltage that voltage sampling circuit records filter capacitor C1, be easy to obtain pressure drop Δ U=
+VD that on the series circuit that current-limiting resistance (resistance is R) and counnter attack diode (conduction voltage drop is VD) are constituted, produces.This moment is by the closed conducting of control unit control bypass controllable switch S.It is U2 that control unit records filter capacitor C1 terminal voltage once more; Filter capacitor C1 terminal voltage is changed to Δ U '=U2-U1 before and after the controllable switch S closure, considers that internal electric source under the condition of different consumes the error of difference and measurement aspect to some extent, and Δ U ' should be between (Δ U-ε) ~ (Δ U+ ε) (ε is an error correction values); If in this scope; Think that then the bypass controllable switch S is reliably closed, but the operation of inverter normal power generation, otherwise inverter is not worked.Thereby prevent because the unreliable closure of bypass controllable switch S causes the unreliable operation of inverter.Wherein, whether filter capacitor C1 voltage reaches stable state, can judge through following two kinds of methods:
First method: whether the variation of judging the filter capacitor voltage that the voltage sampling circuit sampling obtains in this way, then judges filter capacitor voltage reach stable state less than a preset threshold value; As not, then do not reach stable state.
Second method: power on through one preset period from photovoltaic combining inverter, the filter capacitor voltage reaches stable state.Time that should be preset can be confirmed through experiment in advance.
Claims (5)
1. photovoltaic combining inverter with anti-reverse function; Comprise inversion unit, control unit, filter capacitor, anti-reverse unit; Said anti-reverse unit is connected with an input of inversion unit, and said filter capacitor cross-over connection is characterized in that between two inputs of inversion unit; Said photovoltaic combining inverter also comprises the voltage sampling circuit that is connected with the control unit signal, is used for the voltage at filter capacitor two ends is sampled and sampled result is transferred to control unit; Said reverse-connection preventing circuit comprises current-limiting resistance, counnter attack diode, bypass gate-controlled switch; Current-limiting resistance is connected with the counnter attack diode; The bypass gate-controlled switch is parallelly connected with the series circuit that current-limiting resistance and counnter attack diode are constituted, and the control end of bypass gate-controlled switch is connected with the control unit signal.
2. have the photovoltaic combining inverter of anti-reverse function according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, said bypass gate-controlled switch is relay or contactor.
3. the control method of photovoltaic combining inverter according to claim 1 or claim 2 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, photovoltaic combining inverter power on, and control unit detects the filter capacitor voltage through voltage sampling circuit, and when the filter capacitor voltage reached stable state, control unit was controlled the conducting of said bypass gate-controlled switch;
Step 2, control unit detect the voltage at filter capacitor two ends after the conducting of bypass gate-controlled switch through voltage sampling circuit; And whether the change in voltage of judging filter capacitor two ends before and after the conducting of bypass gate-controlled switch is between (Δ U-ε) ~ (Δ U+ ε); In this way; Then control said inversion unit and start, otherwise, inversion unit and warning do not started; Wherein, ε is preset error correction values, and Δ U obtains according to following formula:
ΔU=
+VD ，
In the formula,
PBe the power loss under the said photovoltaic combining inverter Light Condition,
U1Be the voltage at filter capacitor two ends before the conducting of bypass gate-controlled switch,
RBe the resistance of current-limiting resistance, VD is the conduction voltage drop of counnter attack diode.
4. like the control method of the said photovoltaic combining inverter of claim 3; It is characterized in that; Said filter capacitor voltage reaches stable state; Judge according to following method: whether the variation of judging the filter capacitor voltage that the voltage sampling circuit sampling obtains is less than a preset threshold value, and in this way, then the filter capacitor voltage reaches stable state; As not, then do not reach stable state.
5. like the control method of the said photovoltaic combining inverter of claim 3; It is characterized in that; Said filter capacitor voltage reaches stable state, and judge according to following method: power on through one preset period from photovoltaic combining inverter, the filter capacitor voltage reaches stable state.
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| CN103595235A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-19 | 江苏绿扬电子仪器集团有限公司 | Preceding stage protection system of inverter |
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