CN102401893A - Symmetric polarization RCS (radar cross-section) testing method for targets at near fields - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to technology for measuring electromagnetic scattering properties of targets, and aims to provide an effective and feasible symmetric polarization RCS (radar cross-section) testing method for targets at near fields. An observation antenna rotationally scans along a peripheral track, the position and the posture of the observation antenna are changed, simulative symmetric polarization non-uniform illumination fields are combined, multiple times of target scattering measurements are successively carried out and realize coherent combination, symmetric polarization RCS measurement for the targets at the near fields is realized, and the shortcoming that measurement of polarization electromagnetic scattering data of the targets at the near fields is incomplete is overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Electromagnetic Scattering of Target feature measurement technology.
Technical background
Closely under the situation; Target radar scattering cross-section (RCS) can be divided into vertically, basic polarization type such as level and symmetry, and the near field Electromagnetic Scattering of Target data relevant with actual electromagnetic horn all can be expressed as the combination of these RCS that polarize basically (containing amplitude and phase information).Because symmetry polarization RCS is primarily aimed at the uneven irradiation situation of short range narrow beam radar; Its measurement requirement measured target is in desirable axis of doublet near uneven irradiation zone, promptly require the amplitude of irradiation electric field on constant phase front of target region satisfy sin θ variation relation (wherein θ for axis of doublet to angle); Simultaneously, because the increase that symmetry polarization RCS value has with observed range reduces, it is bigger that it measures the difficulty that realizes.
At present; Both at home and abroad in the correlative study of Electromagnetic Scattering of Target characteristic; Research to the horizontal or vertical polarization of target RCS is more, and relevant test macro and method of testing are also ripe, but less to the research of near field target symmetry polarization RCS; And be simulation calculation research, the dependence test method is not appeared in the newspapers.
Because the measurement of target symmetry polarization RCS need be satisfied symmetry polarization uneven irradiation condition; If adopting the dipole probe antenna directly measures; Target to be measured will be in the less uneven irradiation zone of electromagnetic horn gain; Backgrounds such as darkroom will be by electromagnetic horn main beam direct irradiation, and the interference of testing background is bigger; Simultaneously, near field target symmetry polarization RCS amplitude reduces with the increase of measuring distance, and at 10m measuring distance place, near field target symmetry polarization RCS is littler 2 more than the magnitude than horizontal or vertical same polarization RCS usually, and this requires exploring antenna to have higher gain.It is thus clear that the test of near field target symmetry polarization RCS must solve the minimizing of testing background interference, the problems such as raising of low rcs measurement ability, adopts the dipole probe antenna directly to measure and is difficult to meet the demands.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of effective and feasible near field target symmetry polarization RCS method of testing.
For realizing above purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of near field target symmetry polarization RCS method of testing is characterized in that: the observation combination of antennas that employing is spacedly distributed along circular path N point is simulated axis of doublet near symmetry polarization uneven irradiation field, N >=8; And observation antenna main beam definite object in the scanning process is to reduce the interference of testing background; Simultaneously, choose equally spaced antenna rotary scanning position, carry out repeatedly the near field target scattering characteristics and measure, again measurement result is repeatedly demarcated and coherence stack is handled, realize the test of near field target symmetry polarization RCS.
Step 1: rotary scanning control of observation antenna circular path and target bookbinding
Utilizing step motor driven observation antenna to leave axle rotates; Realize the circular path rotary scanning of observation antenna: fix with connecting rod between observation antenna and step motor rotating shaft; And the observation antenna main beam points to axle and step motor shaft parallel, and two distance between axles are from being designated as ρ; In the sweep test process, the computer control step motor rotates a circle, and making the observation antenna realize with the step motor rotating shaft is that center, ρ are the circular path rotary scanning measurement of radius;
Simultaneously, target to be measured is bound to the target turntable, and adjustment observation antenna rotatable platform height and attitude, make the horizontal definite object turntable of step motor rotating shaft center;
Step 2: the simulation of symmetry polarization uneven irradiation field
The observation combination of antennas simulation that employing is spacedly distributed along circular path N point generates symmetry polarization uneven irradiation field, observation antenna rotary scanning radius ρ and equal interval sampling points N, N >=8; Target turntable center is R with the observation antenna distance, and the ultimate range that the turntable center is departed from target to be measured part is L, then observes antenna rotary scanning radius need satisfy following approximate condition:
ρ＜0.006R/L (1)
Simultaneously, compare with dipole symmetry polarization exposure field, the relative amplification coefficient γ of simulation symmetry polarization uneven irradiation field is approximately
γ≈104Nρ (2)
Step 3: repeatedly comprehensive target scattering echometric measurement
Set the reference position of antenna step motor rotary scanning earlier, and in the measurement of subsequent step, remain unchanged; Through the each i.e. 360 °/N of a certain uniformly-spaced angle that rotates of computer control antenna step motor, change observation aerial position and relative attitude along circular path, and carry out the scatterometry of target different azimuth to be measured successively again; Calculating is measured in each rotation to the observation antenna as follows:
A) utilize the target turntable that target to be measured is rotated a circle, and the measurement of equal angles interval sampling obtains the omnibearing scatter echo data of target, be designated as λ
i, i=1 ..., N;
B) utilize laser total station to measure the position of measured target and antenna, and calculate observed range R between the two
i
Step 4: background is offset and amplitude standardization
Take off measured target, the measuring process of repeating step three, the background test data λ when obtaining the different rotary scannings of observation antenna position
Bi, and subtract each other respectively with target scattering echo test data and to carry out background and offset:
χ
i＝λ
i-λ
Bi (3)
To calibrate body again and place target turntable center, the measuring process of repeating step three, the calibration volume scattering echo λ when obtaining the different rotary scannings of observation antenna position
Di, the scatter echo amplitude of measured target is demarcated during more respectively to difference observation aerial position.
In the formula, Γ
iFor demarcating the scatter echo of back measured target, comprise amplitude and phase information;
For the scatter echo of calibration body is measured peak value; σ
DBe the corresponding RCS theoretical value of calibration body;
Step 5: symmetry polarization RCS is obtained in relevant processing
According to the variation of relative distance between observation antenna and measured target in the comprehensive scanning survey of each time, the scatter echo measurement data of respectively organizing behind formula (4) amplitude standardization is carried out phase place correction and stack; At this moment, the measured value of near field target symmetry polarization RCS can be written as:
In the formula, k is the incident electromagnetic wave wave number.
The present invention will bring following beneficial effect:
The present invention is through observing antenna along the circular path rotary scanning; Change its position and attitude; Combine analog symmetry polarization uneven irradiation field; And carry out repeatedly target scattering measurement and relevant synthetic successively, and realized the measurement of near field target symmetry polarization RCS, remedied the infull deficiency of near field target polarity electromagnetic scattering data measurement.This mainly contains the meaning of following several respects:
At first; The near field target symmetry polarization RCS that utilizes the inventive method measurement to obtain; Help setting up complete near field target property database, realize near field target quiescent RCS, for fuze simulation, draw war and cooperate etc. to provide and import data source efficiently to the dynamically conversion of doppler echo data; Improve the reusability of near field target scattering characteristics data, reduce the measurement cost of dynamic doppler echo data; Secondly, utilize the measurement result of the inventive method, vertically reach horizontal polarization RCS with other; Can form complete near field polarization scattering matrix; Help extracting new characteristic information, improve near field identification of targets probability, effective way is provided for injuring point selection, the strike of maximum value target etc.;
Once more, utilize the measurement result of the inventive method, can be near field target symmetry polarization RCS computation model provides and tests the modulus certificate, helps the development of Electromagnetic scatter Modeling Research.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 observes the control flow chart of antenna circular path rotary scanning
Fig. 2 dihedral angle assembly relative position and attitude synoptic diagram
Fig. 3 dihedral angle assembly polarization rcs measurement is figure as a result
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further explain.
With dihedral angle assembly target is example, and the embodiment (wherein wave frequency is got 16GHz, and the symmetry polarization is adopted in emission, receives and adopts vertical polarization) of near field target symmetry polarization rcs measurement is described:
Step 1: rotary scanning control of observation antenna circular path and target bookbinding
Different with the observation aerial position that is maintained fixed in the common RCS test; Here symmetry polarization rcs measurement will utilize step motor driven observation antenna to leave axle and rotate; Realize the circular path rotary scanning of observation antenna: fix with connecting rod between observation antenna and stepper motor rotating shaft; And the observation antenna main beam points to axle and stepper motor shaft parallel, and two distance between axles are from being designated as ρ; In the sweep test process, the computer control stepper motor rotates a circle, and making the observation antenna realize with the stepper motor rotating shaft is that center, ρ are the circular path rotary scanning measurement of radius, and the control implementation procedure as shown in Figure 1.
Simultaneously, target to be measured is bound to the target turntable, and adjustment observation antenna rotatable platform height and attitude, make the horizontal definite object turntable of step motor rotating shaft center.
The height and the attitude of adjustment observation antenna rotatable platform make the horizontal definite object turntable of antenna step motor rotating shaft center, and promptly the antenna rotational plane is perpendicular to ground.Through the initial rotation angle of computer settings antenna step motor, setting when observing antenna be in top here is the initial rotation angle, and in follow-up measurement, keeps the initial rotation angle constant.
Simultaneously, target to be measured is bound to target turntable and fixing, as shown in Figure 2, the straight dihedral angle axis that two length of sides are 0.15m is all perpendicular to ground; Its center lays respectively at (0 ,-0.2m, 0), (0; 0.2m, 0.26m), be designated as corner reflector A, corner reflector B respectively.
Step 2: the simulation of symmetry polarization uneven irradiation field
The observation combination of antennas that employing is spacedly distributed along circular path N point is simulated axis of doublet near symmetry polarization uneven irradiation field; The approximate variation relation that satisfies sin θ of its center area illumination field distribution.The simulation controlled variable mainly contains observation antenna rotary scanning radius ρ and equal interval sampling points N (for the approximate circular symmetry that meets symmetry polarization exposure field, requiring N >=8 usually).If target turntable center is R with the observation antenna distance, the ultimate range that the turntable center is departed from target to be measured part is L, then observes antenna rotary scanning radius need satisfy following approximate condition:
ρ＜0.006R/L (1)
Simultaneously, compare with dipole symmetry polarization exposure field, the relative amplification coefficient γ of simulation symmetry polarization uneven irradiation field is approximately
γ≈104Nρ (2)
For reducing approximate error, also can utilize the result of calculation of exposure field to obtain the γ value through setting up the realistic model of actual observation antenna; This amplification coefficient will effectively improve low rcs measurement ability.
The depart from objectives max line size at turntable center of dihedral angle assembly is about 0.4m in the present embodiment, and measuring distance is about 12m, the observation antenna radius of gyration constraint condition (ρ＜0.18m), get ρ=0.05m here that then provides according to formula (1).
The observation antenna adopts electromagnetic horn, and its caliber size is about 0.1m, and the equal interval sampling of rotary scanning is counted and got N=8, then according to formula (2), and the relative amplification coefficient γ ≈ 42 of simulation symmetry polarization uneven irradiation field.
Step 3: repeatedly comprehensive target scattering echometric measurement
Rotate 45 ° through computer control antenna step motor is each, and measure the omnibearing scatter echo λ of target to be measured successively
i(i=1 ..., 8), totally 8 times; Simultaneously, utilize laser total station to measure the position of measured target and observation antenna behind each comprehensive scanning survey, calculate relative distance R between the two
i
Step 4: background is offset and amplitude standardization
Take off measured target, the measuring process of repeating step three, the background test data λ when obtaining the different rotary scannings of observation antenna position
BiAgain metal plate is calibrated body and place target turntable center, the measuring process of repeating step three, the calibration volume scattering echo λ when obtaining the different rotary scannings of observation antenna position
DiAnd the comprehensive scatter echo of measured target when utilizing formula (3), (4) respectively to difference observation aerial position carries out background and offsets and amplitude standardization.
Step 5: symmetry polarization RCS is obtained in relevant processing
Based on the variation of relative distance between observation antenna platform and measured target in each time measurement, the scatterometry data of respectively organizing behind the amplitude standardization are carried out phase place correction and stack, and utilize formula (5) to obtain the measured value of the symmetrical RCS of polarization of near field target.
Dihedral angle assembly polarization RCS test curve when Fig. 3 has provided the 16GHz frequency, wherein mark S representes the symmetry polarization, V representes vertical polarization.It is thus clear that the fluctuations of the 180 ° of VV polarization in position angle RCS near is very fast, this mainly is scattered back wave interference by two corner reflectors and causes; And to SV polarization RCS, because the symmetry of symmetry polarization exposure field, the echo of corner reflector A is zero, so SV polarization RCS curve do not have obvious interference, and this explanation near field symmetry polarization RCS is independently observable quantity, and is consistent with theoretical analysis.
Claims (2)
1. near field target symmetry polarization RCS method of testing is characterized in that: adopt the observation combination of antennas simulation axis of doublet that is spacedly distributed along circular path N point near the symmetry uneven irradiation field of polarizing, N >=8; And observation antenna main beam definite object in the scanning process is to reduce the interference of testing background; Simultaneously, choose equally spaced antenna rotary scanning position, carry out repeatedly the near field target scattering characteristics and measure, again measurement result is repeatedly demarcated and coherence stack is handled, realize the test of near field target symmetry polarization RCS.
2. according to the described a kind of near field of claim 1 target symmetry polarization RCS method of testing, it is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: rotary scanning control of observation antenna circular path and target bookbinding
Utilizing step motor driven observation antenna to leave axle rotates; Realize the circular path rotary scanning of observation antenna: fix with connecting rod between observation antenna and step motor rotating shaft; And the observation antenna main beam points to axle and step motor shaft parallel, and two distance between axles are from being designated as ρ; In the sweep test process, the computer control step motor rotates a circle, and making the observation antenna realize with the step motor rotating shaft is that center, ρ are the circular path rotary scanning measurement of radius;
Simultaneously, target to be measured is bound to the target turntable, and adjustment observation antenna rotatable platform height and attitude, make the horizontal definite object turntable of step motor rotating shaft center;
Step 2: the simulation of symmetry polarization uneven irradiation field
The observation combination of antennas simulation that employing is spacedly distributed along circular path N point generates symmetry polarization uneven irradiation field, observation antenna rotary scanning radius ρ and equal interval sampling points N, N >=8; Target turntable center is R with the observation antenna distance, and the ultimate range that the turntable center is departed from target to be measured part is L, then observes antenna rotary scanning radius need satisfy following approximate condition:
ρ＜0.006R/L (1)
Simultaneously, compare with dipole symmetry polarization exposure field, the relative amplification coefficient γ of simulation symmetry polarization uneven irradiation field is approximately
γ≈104Nρ (2)
Step 3: repeatedly comprehensive target scattering echometric measurement
Set the reference position of antenna step motor rotary scanning earlier, and in the measurement of subsequent step, remain unchanged; Through the each i.e. 360 °/N of a certain uniformly-spaced angle that rotates of computer control antenna step motor, change observation aerial position and relative attitude along circular path, and carry out the scatterometry of target different azimuth to be measured successively again; Calculating is measured in each rotation to the observation antenna as follows:
A) utilize the target turntable that target to be measured is rotated a circle, and the measurement of equal angles interval sampling obtains the omnibearing scatter echo data of target, be designated as λ
i, i=1 ..., N;
B) utilize laser total station to measure the position of measured target and antenna, and calculate observed range R between the two
i
Step 4: background is offset and amplitude standardization
Take off measured target, the measuring process of repeating step three, the background test data λ when obtaining the different rotary scannings of observation antenna position
Bi, and subtract each other respectively with target scattering echo test data and to carry out background and offset:
χ
i＝λ
i-λ
Bi (3)
To calibrate body again and place target turntable center, the measuring process of repeating step three, the calibration volume scattering echo λ when obtaining the different rotary scannings of observation antenna position
Di, the scatter echo amplitude of measured target is demarcated during more respectively to difference observation aerial position.
In the formula, Γ
iFor demarcating the scatter echo of back measured target, comprise amplitude and phase information;
For the scatter echo of calibration body is measured peak value; σ
DBe the corresponding RCS theoretical value of calibration body;
Step 5: symmetry polarization RCS is obtained in relevant processing
According to the variation of relative distance between observation antenna and measured target in the comprehensive scanning survey of each time, the scatter echo measurement data of respectively organizing behind formula (4) amplitude standardization is carried out phase place correction and stack; At this moment, the measured value of near field target symmetry polarization RCS can be written as:
In the formula, k is the incident electromagnetic wave wave number.
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