CN102392195A - High-strength high-toughness nuclear power pressure vessel forging steel and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
High-strength high-toughness nuclear power pressure vessel forging steel and its manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
High-strength high-toughness nuclear power pressure vessel forging steel and its manufacturing method belong to the technical field of steel for pressure vessel. The steel provided by the invention comprises the following chemical components of: by weight, 0.2-0.25% of C; Si being less than 0.1%; 1.3-1.5% of Mn; P being less than or equal to 0.008%; S being less than or equal to 0.008%; 0.6-1% of Ni; 0.1-0.25% of Cr; 0.45-0.6% of Mo; V being less than or equal to 0.01%; Cu being less than or equal to 0.05%; 0.02-0.04% of Al; 0.005-0.015% of N; B being less than or equal to 0.001%; and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein C equivalent range is controlled within 0.6-0.75%. By alloying and appropriate smelting, forging and heat treatment technologies, the forging provided by the invention has high strength and high toughness and less segregation and nonmetal field trash, and can be used for manufacturing large-scale forgings such as a nuclear power station reactor pressure vessel with its wall thickness being greater than 100mm, an evaporator head, a cylindrical shell, a tube plate and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the steels for pressure vessel use technical field, a kind of nuclear power pressure container forgeable piece steel and method of manufacture thereof of high-intensity high-tenacity particularly is provided.Forging steel of the present invention can be used for making wall thickness greater than the main equipment in the nuclear islands such as the nuclear power plant reactor pressurized vessel of 100mm, vapour generator.
Background technology
Along with improving constantly of further increase of electricity needs and energy-saving and emission-reduction pressure, nuclear power has become a kind of requisite clean energy.Countries in the world, especially China are all in the construction object of actively planning national following nuclear power generating sets.In the design of pressurized-water reactor nuclear power plant of new generation, in order to improve service efficiency and security, reactor progressively develops to maximization, long lifetime and integrated direction.Main force's heap type power has reached 1000MW at present, in the future to higher 1400MW even 1700MW development; Service life was brought up to 60 years by original 40 years; One-time formed die forging technology is adopted in the manufacturing of forging, or the like.Above reason has directly caused nuclear reactor pressure container and vapour generator equal pressure container constantly to increase with the single-piece weight and the thickness of heavy forging, and then makes that the overall weight of main equipment significantly increases in the nuclear island.The maximization of equipment is not only given transportation, is deposited and bring difficulty in the nuclear island, also can improve manufacturing cost, and causes the overall performance of forging to descend.Therefore, consider that from security and economy aspect main equipment need develop to the lightweight direction, the intensity that improves the forging steel reduces weight of equipment becomes a kind of effective solution.
Environment has following requirement to the steels for pressure vessel use of being selected for use in the reactor nuclear island: (1) has higher intensity and toughness under high temperature, highly compressed environment for use, particularly low-temperature flexibility; (2) in reactor long service process, have good anti-neutron irradiation fragility, neutron irradiation fragility is the decision reactor pressure vessel steel stability and the key factor in life-span; (3) have good welding property, particularly require reheat cracking susceptibility low.Therefore, for guaranteeing pressurized vessel safety during one's term of military service, prevent that brittle rupture is particularly important, this just need have higher-strength and toughness and anti-irradiation fragile materials.
At home and abroad in the Nuclear power plants of labour, present widely used steels for pressure vessel use is that ys is that 345MPa is above, tensile strength is the SA508-III low-alloy forging steel of the middle intensity rank of 550～725MPa.The forging steel of this intensity rank can't satisfy the needs that reactor further maximizes now already, and the forging steel of therefore developing HS, H.T. becomes inevitable.The problem of present domestic manufacturing SA508-III forging is; The intensity and the toughness that on the one hand are the forging produced of prior art are difficult to satisfy simultaneously code requirement, are that industrial heavy forging finished product segregation and nonmetal inclusion when Ultrasonic NDT exceed standard and become the key factor that restricts qualified products on the other hand.Therefore along with the fast development of China's nuclear power industry; The construction in succession in particularly following maximization power station, the exploitation of the high-intensity high-tenacity forging steel that key equipments such as reactor pressure vessel in the large-scale advanced pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant and vapour generator are required and the manufacturing technology and the throughput of ultra-large type forging will provide support for the high speed development of China's nuclear power.
Through retrieval, there is following related patent U.S. Patent No. document to relate to nuclear power and uses the steel steel grade, its chemical ingredients is seen table 1.
Table 1: the steel grade chemical ingredients in the related patent U.S. Patent No. document relatively (wt%) surplus is: Fe
CN88107088.2 is disclosed to be a kind of method of manufacture of light-water nuclear reactor core pressure vessel, and the main chemical compositions of this pressure vessel steel is 2.0～2.5%Cr, 0.9～1.1%Mo and 0.11～0.15%C.
CN200810033762.6 is disclosed to be a kind of low-carbon and low-alloy bainite thick steel plate and method of manufacture, can be used for making the core voltage force container.Through adding Mn, Ni, Mo alloying, Si adds as reductor and solution strengthening element in the steel, and content is 0.1～0.4%.This invention steel belongs to rolling sheets, when making pressurized vessel, has longitudinal seam to exist, and can not satisfy actual needs fully.
JP2077561A discloses a kind of low-carbon bainite steel plate, can be used for nuclear reactor.C content is 0.13～0.16% in the steel, and Si content is very low, is 0.03～0.05%, and Ni content is higher, and has added a spot of Cr, forms the lower bainite tissue, improves the obdurability of steel.This steel belongs to Plate Steel, when making pressurized vessel, has longitudinal seam to exist, and can not satisfy actual needs fully.
JP63053243A is similar with the disclosed steel grade of JP630069944A, belongs to Mn-Ni-Mo series low-alloy steel, is on the composition basis of C-Mn steel, to pass through Cr, Ni, Mo alloying, improves intensity and toughness.In the two invention steel regulation Si content be respectively≤0.3% and 0.1～0.3%, silicon is to add as the reductor in making steel and as the solution strengthening element.Yet for heavy froging, Si content height causes that easily serious component segregation and nonmetal inclusion exceed standard.And for nuclear power with steel, should strict control radiation embrittlement element, Cu content should be controlled.
JP62054065A discloses a kind of method of manufacture that is used for the low alloy steel of Nuclear power plants.Si content reaches 0.45～0.90% than higher in the invention steel, adds Ni, Mo as alloy element, has also added Cr and Cu simultaneously, but for nuclear power with steel, its Cu content should hang down.
US4212668 discloses a kind of reactor pot and has used steel.Ni, Cr content are higher in the invention steel, and Ni content is 1.0～2.0%, Cr content is 1.6～2.5%, has also added 0.01～0.1%Cu, with steel, should strictly control the radiation embrittlement element for nuclear power, and Cu content should be controlled.
US4755234 discloses a kind of method of manufacture of high-intensity high-tenacity pressure vessel steel.C content in the steel is lower, is 0.03～0.12%, and Si content is 0.1～0.8%, improves obdurability through increase Cr, Mo content.
Consider that nuclear power plant reactor pressurized vessel, vapour generator equal pressure container forging are increasing; The obdurability of forging steel is required and increasingly high to the hardening capacity and the uniformity requirement of heavy forging; The present invention is the basis with Mn-Ni-Mo series low-alloy steel; The optimization of the smelting through design of alloy optimizations such as C, Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo, Al, B and steel, forging, thermal treatment process improves the hardening capacity and the obdurability of forging; Design a kind of high-intensity high-tenacity nuclear power pressure container forgeable piece steel, thereby accomplished the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of core voltage force container heavy forging steel and method of manufacture thereof of high-intensity high-tenacity; Realized that forging has higher intensity and toughness; And segregation and the less characteristics of non-metallic inclusion, can be used for making wall thickness greater than heavy frogings such as the nuclear power plant reactor pressurized vessel of 100mm and vaporizer end socket, simplified, tube sheets.
The chemical ingredients of forging steel according to the invention comprises: C:0.2～0.25%, Si＜0.1%, Mn:1.3～1.5%, P≤0.008%, S≤0.008%, Ni:0.6～1%, Cr:0.1～0.25%, Mo:0.45～0.6%, V≤0.01%, Cu≤0.05%, Al:0.02～0.04%, N:0.005～0.015%; B≤0.001%, surplus are Fe and unavoidable impurities.The scope of carbon equivalent Ceq=C+Si/24+Mn/6+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/4+V/14 is 0.6～0.75%.
Span of control for main chemical compositions the reasons are as follows:
Carbon: C is a Qianghian crack strengthening element, guarantees the intensity of heavy forging steel.C content is at least 0.2% in the forging steel of the present invention, but too much C content is unfavorable to the plasticity and toughness and the welding property of steel, and when C content surpassed 0.25%, toughness and welding property sharply descended, so C content is limited to 0.2～0.25%.
Silicon: in traditional killed steel process for making, Si generally adds as reductor and solution strengthening element, and at this moment Si content is generally 0.1～0.4%.Si adds as alloying element among the present invention, but the impurity element of bringing in the steelmaking feed, the Si content in the steel is controlled at below 0.1%.
Manganese: Mn is the solution strengthening element in the steel, reduces the bainite transformation temperature strongly, and martensite transformation temperature is decreased, and postpones perlite and bainite transformation strongly, and it is more obvious to postpone bainite transformation, improves the hardening capacity of bainite transformation greatly.Mn content is at least 1.3% among the present invention, but when Mn content greater than 1.5% the time, plasticity and toughness are obvious with weldableness decline, so the Mn content in the steel is controlled at 1.3～1.5%.
Chromium: Cr is very effective strengthening element, and can improve the oxidation-resistance and the solidity to corrosion of steel.Cr content is at least 0.1% among the present invention, but when Cr content is higher than 0.25%, can increase reheat cracking susceptibility after the forging built-up welding, so Cr content is controlled at 0.1～0.25%.
Nickel: Ni is the solution strengthening element in the steel, can effectively improve hardening capacity.Ni can improve intensity in the steel simultaneously, can effectively improve flexible element, particularly low-temperature flexibility again.Ni content is at least 0.6% among the present invention, but Ni has and increases the brittle tendency of irradiation, and with being defined as 1.0% in the interpolation, so Ni content is controlled at 0.6～1.0%.
Molybdenum: Mo has tangible solid solution strengthening effect, improves the heat resistance of steel.Mo can prolong the incubation time of austenitic transformation, significantly postpones ferritic/perlitic transformation, reduces the bainite transformation temperature strongly, and martensite transformation temperature is reduced, and can obviously improve the hardening capacity of steel.Mo belongs to carbide forming element, and can reduce the temper brittleness of steel.Mo content is at least 0.45% among the present invention, but when Mo content surpasses 0.6%, can increase welding crack sensibility, so Mo content is controlled at 0.45～0.6%.
Vanadium: V significantly increases the reheat cracking susceptibility after the forging built-up welding, belong to the impurity element of needs control in the present invention, so V content is controlled at below 0.01%.
Copper: Cu belongs to and can cause the brittle element of irradiation strongly in the reactor pressure vessel steel, in secular radiation environment, can reduce the toughness of steel, make the ductile-brittle transition temperature of steel rise, so Cu content is controlled at below 0.05%.
Aluminium: Al adds as reductor.Al can combine to form AlN with nitrogen as alloying element, crystal grain thinning, and Al content is at least 0.01% in the present invention; But when aluminium content＞0.04%, can reduce the purity of steel, improve the content of inclusion; Reduce the plasticity and toughness of steel, so Al content is controlled at 0.01～0.04%.
Nitrogen: the N in the steel and Al form AlN, can crystal grain thinning, but AlN particulate number needs will be in certain scope effective pinning crystal boundary; N/Al >=0.5 is o'clock effective, N content＜0.005%, and grain refining effect is not obvious; When N content＞0.015%, toughness descends.Therefore N content is controlled at 0.005～0.015%.
Boron: B can postpone proeutectoid ferrite, perlite and bainite transformation strongly, is the most strong element in hardening capacity aspect that improves steel, but its useful effect that increases hardening capacity reduces along with the increase of steel interalloy element total content.Yet in the difficult control of when steel-making B content, and the B too high levels crystal boundary can occur and gathers partially in the steel, significantly lowers the low-temperature flexibility of steel.Therefore B content is controlled at below 0.001%.
Phosphorus, sulphur and other impurity elements: P, S and other impurity elements damage the toughness and the weldableness of steel, particularly can cause the temper brittleness and the irradiation fragility of steel.Therefore, P, S content should be controlled lower as much as possible, are controlled at below 0.008%, and impurity contents such as Co, Sb, AS are controlled to be Co≤0.01%, Sb≤0.001%, As≤0.001%.
In addition, the content of hydrogen and oxygen also should strictly be controlled, and makes it to be in alap level.Low hydrogen-oxygen content is to working out the heavy forging production technique and guaranteeing that its final performance has vital role.
In sum; The present invention is the hardening capacity that improves steel through the Optimization of Composition Design of alloying elements such as C, Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo, Al, B; Control is easy to generate the constituent content of segregation and non-metallic inclusion and is easy to generate the content of irradiation fragility element; Reduce the constituent content that is easy to generate reheat cracking susceptibility, confirmed the chemical ingredients of forging steel.
The method of manufacture of the above-mentioned high-intensity high-tenacity forging steel that is used for the core voltage force container comprises smelting, casting, forging, thermal treatment.The chemical ingredients of wherein said forging steel is: C:0.2～0.25%, Si＜0.1%, Mn:1.3～1.5%, P≤0.008%, S≤0.008%, Ni:0.6～1%, Cr:0.1～0.25%, Mo:0.45～0.6%, V≤0.01%, Cu≤0.05%, Al:0.02～0.04%, N:0.005～0.015%; B≤0.001%, surplus are Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The present invention adopts the vacuum induction furnace smelting preparation or adopts electric furnace+external refining+vacuum carbon deoxidization prepared steel ingot.
During the ingot casting cogging, Heating temperature is 1150～1250 ℃, and initial forging temperature is 1100～1200 ℃, final forging temperature＞950 ℃, and forging ratio＞3, forging ratio helps improving the impelling strength of steel greatly.Subsequently forging is carried out the anneal of 600～700 ℃ * 5～8h.
After forging, 890～920 ℃ * 4～6h normalizing treatment is then at 630～660 ℃ * 6～10h air cooling.Carry out modifier treatment subsequently, austenitizing technology is 870～890 ℃ * 4～6h cold quenching, and control forging leaving water temperature(LWT) is below 300 ℃, and tempering process is 630～660 ℃ * 6～10h air cooling.
The postwelding processing that eliminates stress is simulated at the PT position that cuts forging, and thermal treatment process is that 610 ± 10 ℃ * 20～48h stove is cold.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) forging of the present invention is easy to implement with the chemical composition design of steel; Through accurate control alloying constituent, can effectively play the highly malleablized effect, obtain tempering bainite tissue at the 1/4T place of finished industrial product forging; Have composition and homogeneity of structure preferably, segregation and non-metallic inclusion are few.
(2) ys of heavy forging steel of the present invention is greater than 520MPa, and tensile strength is 630～795MPa, and unit elongation surpasses 20%, and has good impelling strength, and-21 ℃ of ballistic works surpass 150J, RT
NDT≤-21 ℃.
(3) forging steel of the present invention can be used to make heavy frogings such as reactor pressure vessel and vaporizer end socket, simplified, tube sheet.
Description of drawings
The metallographic structure figure of Fig. 1 embodiment of the invention 4 nuclear power heavy forging steel.
Embodiment
Heavy forging method of manufacture of the present invention will be described in more detail with four concrete embodiment and two Comparative Examples.These embodiment are the descriptions to best mode for carrying out the invention, scope of the present invention are not had any restriction.
The chemical ingredients of the embodiment of the invention and Comparative Examples is listed in table 2.
Embodiment 1:
The test steel of the 50kg that smelts for vacuum induction melting furnace.To smelt, be cast as steel billet by the chemical ingredients shown in the table 1, steel billet is heated to 1150 ℃, forging more than 950 ℃, forging ratio is controlled at＞and 3.Forging behind the forging molding carries out the normalizing homogenizing at 900 ℃ * 5h and handles, then air cooling behind 640 ℃ * 8h in 650 ℃ * 8h anneal.Utilize the cooling rate at the thick industrial forging water-cooled 1/4T wall thickness place of controlled fast heat treatment furnace simulation 200mm subsequently in the laboratory; Be cooled to 300 ℃ of air coolings of coming out of the stove with 36 ℃/min behind the 880 ℃ * 5h; Then in 640 ℃ * 8h temper; Simulate the postwelding processing that eliminates stress subsequently, thermal treatment process is that 610 ℃ * 24h stove is cold.
Embodiment 2:
Embodiment is with embodiment 1, and wherein quenching temperature is 890 ℃, and tempering temperature is 630 ℃, utilizes the cooling rate at the thick industrial forging water-cooled 1/4T wall thickness place of the controlled fast heat treatment furnace simulation 180mm in laboratory, and the simulation cooling rate is chosen 47 ℃/min.
Embodiment 3
Embodiment is with embodiment 1, and wherein quenching temperature is 870 ℃, and tempering temperature is 645 ℃, utilizes the cooling rate at the thick industrial forging water-cooled 1/4T wall thickness place of the controlled fast heat treatment furnace simulation 150mm in laboratory, and the simulation cooling rate is chosen 60 ℃/min.The simulation postwelding thermal treatment process that eliminates stress is that 610 ℃ * 48h stove is cold.
Embodiment 4
Produce forging for industry practice, adopt electrosmelting+external refining smelting+vacuum carbon deoxidization technology to smelt the steel ingot of cast.To smelt, be cast as steel billet by the chemical ingredients shown in the table 1, steel billet is heated to 1200 ℃, forging more than 950 ℃, forging ratio is controlled at＞and 3.Forging behind the forging molding carries out the normalizing homogenizing at 900 ℃ * 5h and handles, then air cooling behind 640 ℃ * 8h in 640 ℃ * 5h anneal.In well-beaten water, cool off behind the 880 ℃ * 5h subsequently, leaving water temperature(LWT) carries out 640 ℃ * 8h temper below 200 ℃ then.Cut 1/4T position, forging cross section sample and carry out the metallographic structure observation, the result sees Fig. 1.It is cold subsequently sample to be simulated 610 ℃ * 48h of postweld heat treatment stove, and finished product forging section thickness is 170mm.
Comparative Examples 1
Embodiment is with embodiment 2.
Comparative Examples 2
Embodiment is with embodiment 2.
Embodiments of the invention and Comparative Examples are cut stretching and the impact specimen that sample is processed into National standard do mechanical property test, test-results is seen table 3.
As can beappreciated from fig. 1, the microtexture of the heavy forging of manufacturing of the present invention is a tempering bainite tissue.Can find out from table 3, the tensile strength of the heavy forging steel of method of manufacture of the present invention preparation more than 630MPa, ys more than 520MPa, 12 ℃ with-21 ℃ of impelling strength all more than 200J, RT
NDT≤-21 ℃.Have higher intensity and good low-temperature flexibility.The Ultrasonic NDT of the industrial heavy forging product of embodiment 4 is qualified.
Chemical ingredients (wt%) surplus of table 2 embodiment and Comparative Examples heavy forging steel is: Fe
The mechanical property of table 3 embodiment and Comparative Examples
Claims (3)
1. high-intensity high-tenacity nuclear power pressure container forgeable piece steel; It is characterized in that; Chemical ingredients is by weight percentage: C:0.2～0.25%, Si＜0.1%, Mn:1.3～1.5%, P≤0.008%, S≤0.008%, Ni:0.6～1%, Cr:0.1～0.25%, Mo:0.45～0.6%, V≤0.01%, Cu≤0.05%, Al:0.02～0.04%, N:0.005～0.015%, B≤0.001%, surplus are Fe and unavoidable impurities; And the scope of carbon equivalent Ceq=C+Si/24+Mn/6+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/4+V/14 is 0.6～0.75%.
2. the method for manufacture of the described high-intensity high-tenacity nuclear power of claim 1 a pressure container forgeable piece steel; Comprise smelting, casting, forging, thermal treatment, it is characterized in that: adopt vacuum induction melting or adopt electric furnace+external refining after teeming after the vacuum carbon deoxidization art breading; The technical parameter of in technology, controlling is:
Ingot casting forges: the ingot casting Heating temperature is 1150～1250 ℃, and initial forging temperature is 1100～1200 ℃, final forging temperature＞950 ℃, forging ratio＞3;
Forging anneal: temperature: 600～700 ℃, time: 5～8h, air cooling;
Forging normalizing treatment: temperature: 890～920 ℃, time: 5～8h;
Forging temper: temperature: 630～660 ℃, time: 5～8h temper;
The modified thermal treatment of forging, temperature: 870～890 ℃, time 3～5h, cold quenching, at 630～660 ℃, 5～8h temper;
The processing that eliminates stress of simulation postwelding: thermal treatment temp: 600～620 ℃, the time: 20～48h lehre is cold.
3. the method for manufacture of high-intensity high-tenacity core voltage force container heavy forging according to claim 2 is characterized in that, 870～890 ℃ of forging modifier treatment austenitizing temperatures, and in 3～5h cold quenching process, forging leaving water temperature(LWT)＜300 ℃.
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Application publication date: 20120328 |