CN102388780A - High-position multi-point debarking method of winter jujube tree - Google Patents
High-position multi-point debarking method of winter jujube tree Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-position multi-point debarking method of a winter jujube tree, which is characterized in that the 3-5 vigorous main branches or the vigorous large fruit branches and the central trunk of the winter jujube tree which grows for 3-12 years are selected and debarked at multiple points, the debarking positions are at smooth positions which are 10-30cm far away from the stem base growing point of the winter jujube tree, 1-3 main branches per tree are not debarked to foster a tree body, nourish roots and strengthen the tree, and the problem that the tree dies because the trunk is improperly debarked can be effectively prevented. The width of each debarked opening is 0.8-1.0cm and 10-15ppm gibberellin is sprayed for 1-2 times within 1-7 days after debarking. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the crown is formed rapidly, the tree can step into a fruiting period very rapidly after debarking, the tree body growth well, the tree is vigorous, the disease resistance is strong, the yield is increased very rapidly, the tree can step into a full fruiting period, the average yield per mu can reach 1250kg, the production value per mu is more than 1.5 times higher than the production value per mu of the traditional method and the benefit is very remarkable. At present, the application area in our county is more than 40 thousand mu. In consideration of the remarkable effectiveness of the method, we are energetically popularizing and applying the method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture trees technical field, relate to the method that a planting fruit-trees winter jujube tree " high-order, multiple spot " opens first.
Background technology
The winter jujube is to eat all good kinds of integrated quality in the jujube kind at present raw; Nearly more than ten years cultivated area is in rapid expansion; But thing followed winter jujube treelet result is difficult, get into as a result the year limit for length and to become winter in age jujube tree fruit-setting rate problem low, that yield poorly outstanding day by day; According to practice of our long-term production and managerial experiences, think to the winter jujube tree to carry out " opening first " be the effective ways that effectively address these problems.Jujube tree opens first and exactly jujube tree is carried out ringing.After cutting off the trunk phloem, the nutriment that blade is made suspends fortune down, and the setting that helps blooming improves output and promotes quality.Traditional jujube tree opens general annual Sheng of first and spends the initial stage (set most of fruit bearing shoot entirely and bloomed 5 ~ 8) carries out once, spends the initial stage between the most in good time with Sheng.Preferably select bright day gas to carry out.Its method is: open the jujube tree of first for the first time, general on about 15 centimetres apart from ground trunk, with sharp knife ring cutting two circles, the edge of a knife is wanted " upper slitter descending, following cutter goes up a slope " when cutting, and so neither ponding is prone to healing again.But it is on the trunk of winter jujube, to carry out that traditional winter jujube is opened Party A's method, and this method can cause direct influence to the whole tree body of winter jujube, makes a slip of the tongue heavily, widely influences the healing of first mouth like first, slackens tree vigo(u)r, and influence is beared fruit; It is light, narrow that first is made a slip of the tongue, and the first mouth heals in advance, do not reach the effect of balance tree vigo(u)r, raising fruit-setting rate.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming and deficiency of the present invention in order to overcome prior art provides a kind of novel method that the winter jujube tree is high-order, multiple spot is opened first.The inventor is in bearing in the period of the 2005-2007 in Tianjin Urban Committee on Agriculture project " the winter jujube technique for cultivating high-quality and high-yield is promoted " implementation process; Innovation research success this " high-order, multiple spot " open the method for first; Make winter jujube hundred jujubes hang fruit-setting rate and improve 106% than conventional method; Efficiently solve the knotty problem that troubles the jujube farming for a long time, the effect of especially precocity fruiting, raising fruit-setting rate is fairly obvious.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the invention discloses following technical scheme:
An a kind of winter jujube tree high position, multiple spot are opened the method for first, it is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) on a strain 3-12 gives birth to winter jujube tree, select energetic major branch of growth or energetic large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, the dried multiple spot that carries out in center to open first; The Kai Jia position is selected in the smooth place that major branch or the large-scale smooth place of fruit bearing shoot group base portion or center are done, and simultaneously every strain tree is reserved a certain amount of major branch and do not open first;
(2) open between branch and the branch of first not overlapping; The orientation jack staggers; The branch of opening the first branch and not opening first carries out year by year by turns, to energetic major branch, the center of growing upright do, the branch group can open first year after year, treats that its growth potential opens first after mild more year by year by turns;
(3) earsh to open the first width be 0.4-0.6 centimetre, get into the full bearing period big tree to open the first width be 0.8-1.0 centimetre; Open after the first and whole tree body to be sprayed 10-15ppm gibberellin 1-2 time in 1-7 days; The borax that adds 0.1-0.2% when spraying simultaneously;
(4) after opening first, first oral area position smeared 50% phoxim soup in 5-7 days, smeared once, connect and be coated with 3 times, with plastics the first mouth is protected then, promote the healing of first mouth at a distance from 5-7 days.
Multiple spot is opened first and is referred on 3-12 of the present invention gives birth to winter jujube tree: the winter jujube tree bloom and reach 50%-60%; Promptly at the full-bloom stage of winter jujube tree, select prosperous strong major branch 3-5 of growth or select energetic large-scale fruit bearing shoot group 1-2 or do at energetic center and to carry out multiple spot simultaneously and open first;
Wherein said center is dried to refer to: the above 50-80 centimeters of trunk is in direct first part more than major branch of giving birth on the trunk, does direct major branch, auxilliary branch and the large-scale fruit bearing shoot group of supporting of giving birth at the center.It is energetic to do growth like the center, can do a selected smooth place at the center and open first;
Wherein said Kai Jia position is selected in the smooth place of its base portion and refers to: the Kai Jia position of large-scale fruit bearing shoot group is selected in its base portion apart from attachment region 10-30 centimetre smooth place; Split the major branch of first; As newborn developmental branch is arranged in base portion 10-30 centimetre; The substantial developmental branch of growing of selecting and remain 1 stays and does the auxilliary branch of supporting, the auxilliary tree body of supporting; 10 centimetres of base portions are all wiped out with interior developmental branch, and the Kai Jia position of this major branch is selected in the smooth place of above 5-10 centimetre of this developmental branch attachment region;
Wherein said every strain tree is reserved a certain amount of major branch and do not open first and refer to: every strain tree 1-3 major branch of when opening first, must selecting and remain out do not opened first, and auxilliary supporting set body.Annual every strain tree opens 4-8 first mouth and is advisable, and opens the 55-70% that the first branch accounts for the total branch amount of whole tree (comprising directly the major branch and the large-scale fruit bearing shoot group of giving birth at the center on dried, do not comprising newborn developmental branch) and is advisable.
The branch of opening the first branch and not opening first of the present invention refers to year by year by turns: the 1st year at first selected energetic major branch or do at the center, large-scale fruit bearing shoot group is opened first on strain tree; To relax its growing way; To the golden mean of the Confucian school on the weak side then do not open first, with auxilliary its growing way of supporting; The 2nd year, at first selected major branch or the large-scale fruit bearing shoot group of not opening first on the 1st year opened first, to major branch or the large-scale fruit bearing shoot group of opening first on the 1st year; If growth potential is relaxed; Become to golden mean of the Confucian school growth potential, just do not proceed out first on the 2nd year, if but still grew energetic on the 2nd year; Can relax its growing way selectively to these energetic first of proceeding out of growing; Still grew energeticly on the 2nd year when opening first, opened first when can not open first in the 2nd year with the 1st year, annual and the like.
A high position according to the invention, multiple spot are opened the method for first, and wherein step (3) is opened after the first and whole tree body to be sprayed 10-15ppm gibberellin 1-2 time in 1-7 days; Be meant that after opening first, changeing the sky sprays 10-15ppm gibberellin the 1st time; Spray 10-15ppm gibberellin like weather arid again the 2nd time in 3-7 days; The borax that adds 0.1-0.2% when spraying simultaneously, the solid ability that can effectively promote the winter Chinese date pollen to germinate and stimulate not pollination to spend significantly improves fruit-setting rate.Being meticulous and attending to minutes details in everything when spraying, the drip washing shape sprays is advisable.
50% phoxim soup of the present invention refers to: a 50% phoxim stoste is converted water 50-100 part, is coated with dose and is advisable to be coated with wet first mouth.Whenever be coated with once at a distance from 5-7 days later on, even be coated with 3 times.After being coated with the 3rd time, with plastic wraps first mouth, plastics removed at 5-7 days, in case temperature is too high in the first mouth, humidity is excessive stewing mashed the first mouth, the first mouth can not heal.To spray first oral area position during laxative.
" high position " of the present invention just be meant with the winter jujube tree the Kai Jia position by moving on the trunk position on the positions such as bringing up to major branch or large-scale fruit bearing shoot group." multiple spot " just be meant by original only on trunk, the selection and a bit open first, innovates to now can be simultaneously on strain tree several major branches or large-scale fruit bearing shoot group being carried out multiple spot and open first.
The method of operating that a high position of the present invention, multiple spot are opened Party A's method is following:
(1) on the winter jujube tree, select energetic major branch 3-5 of growth or select energetic large-scale fruit bearing shoot group 1-2, simultaneously it is opened first, is carrying out apart from 10-30 centimetre of smooth place of its base portion attachment region at the Kai Jia position; The dried first of opening in energetic center can be done a selected smooth place and open first at the center; Simultaneously every strain tree must be reserved 1-3 major branch and not open first;
(2) on strain tree, simultaneously several major branches or large-scale fruit bearing shoot group are carried out multiple spot and open first; Open between branch and the branch of first not overlapping; The orientation jack staggers; The branch of opening the first branch and not opening first carries out year by year by turns, can open first to the energetic major branch or the large-scale fruit bearing shoot group of growing upright year after year, treats that its growth potential opens first after mild more year by year by turns;
(3) improper if open first, as wide, overweight, or fertile, water management do not catch up with, and all do not reach out the first effect.Earsh opens the first width and is advisable with 0.4-0.6 centimetre, gets into the full bearing period big tree and opens the first width and be advisable for 0.8-1.0 centimetre, and is best with 45 days first mouth healing effects after opening first.Because of winter jujube tree tree bulk-growth vigorous; Become branch a lot, therefore, split first winter jujube tree and must cooperate the reinforcement rich water quality management; Fruit-specific fertilizer 0.5-1.5 jin is executed in strain before germination; Open that the young fruit period of 10-20 day in July imposes the every strain 0.8-2.0 of fruit-specific fertilizer jin again after the first, impose the every strain 1.0-2.0 of fruit-specific fertilizer jin 15-25 day in August again, in time water after topdressing.Otherwise a dependence is opened first and is improved fruit-setting rate, can cause tree vigo(u)r weak very soon, recovers tree vigo(u)r so again and just is difficult to.An other important compounding technique is exactly: open after the first and in time whole tree body to be sprayed 10-15PPm gibberellin 1-2 time in 1-7 days, add the 0.1-0.2% borax when spraying, the effect of raising fruit-setting rate is more obvious;
(4) open first after, in the first mouth, smear 50% phoxim soup, liquid proportion is: a 50% phoxim stoste is converted water 50-100 part.The concrete guard method of first mouth is: open after the first and to be coated with 1 time 50% phoxim soup at Jia Kou in 5-7 days, be coated with dose and be advisable to be coated with wet first oral area position, whenever later on be coated with 1 time at a distance from 5-7 days, connect and be coated with 3 times, with plastics the first mouth is protected then, promote the healing of first mouth.
Detailed operation is following:
The winter jujube tree bloom and reach 50%-60%, i.e. full-bloom stage touches with hand that to open first when chapiter has sticky sensation the most suitable, selects calm fine day to open first.On the winter jujube tree, select prosperous strong major branch 3-5 of growth or select energetic large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, 20-30 centimetre of smooth place opens first at its base portion, must reserve 1-3 bar major branch on every strain tree and not open first.Open after the first and to cut off phloem in about 45 days; Stoped photosynthetic product this passage to the root system transportation; Hold back organic nutrition to the first mouth with top, organic nutrient substance fully accumulated and increase transportation and distribution to flower, therefore can effectively improve the fruit-setting rate of first mouth with the top flower.At first select sharp grafting knife when opening first for use, selected major branch, center do or the fruit bearing shoot group on smooth stingless position open first, earlier bark from old tress is scraped off a circle when opening first; About 1.5 centimetres of width exposes phloem tissue, then with driving the first cutter according to opening the first width; Carefully cut two circles up and down, the first mouth will close and circularize, the dark xylem that reaches of first mouth; But do not injure xylem, pick the phloem tissue of clean cut-out then with point of a knife.It is level and smooth that want first oral area position, and upper limb is vertical with trunk, and the lower edge blade makes progress deflection 20-30 °, forms outside sloping inclined-plane; Prevent that rainwater from gathering, whole first mouth width is consistent, and the phloem at Jia Kou two ends will still be close to xylem; Do not rise and do not stick up, open 0.4-0.6 centimetre of first width earsh, set 0.8-1.0 centimetre greatly; 0.4 centimetre of veteran, weak tree does not open first, treats to open first again after tree vigo(u)r recovers.First mouth healing stage with 45 days for well.Open after the first and in time whole tree body to be sprayed 10-15PPm gibberellin 1-2 time in 3-7 days, add the 0.1-0.2% borax when spraying; After opening first; In the first mouth, smear 50% phoxim soup, liquid proportion is: a 50% phoxim stoste is converted water 50-100 part, and the concrete grammar of protection first mouth is: after opening first, be coated with 1 time 50% phoxim soup (a 50% phoxim stoste is converted 50 parts in water) in 5-7 days in first oral area position; Be coated with 1 time in every later on separated 5-7 days; Even be coated with 3 times, with mud and joint sealing plastics the first mouth protected then, promote healing of first mouth and the insect pest of prevention first mouth; To the winter jujube tree open first tree and must cooperate the reinforcement rich water quality management; Fruit-specific fertilizer 0.5-1.5 jin is executed in strain before germination; Open that the young fruit period of 10-20 day in July imposes the every strain 0.8-2.0 of fruit-specific fertilizer jin again after the first, impose the every strain 1.0-2.0 of fruit-specific fertilizer jin 15-25 day in August again, in time water after topdressing.In time damage by disease and insect such as Lygus eucorum Meyer-Dur, two spotted spider mite, anthracnose and rust are prevented and treated simultaneously, in time pruned and make the tree crown ventilation and penetrating light.
The characteristics that winter jujube tree of the present invention method high-order, that multiple spot is opened first is compared with prior art had are:
1, open the first age of tree in advance: conventional method is opened first at trunk, because of the age of tree is bigger, makes the corresponding 3-4 of delaying of tree body bearing age; It is later to get into as a result the time limit; Generally can open the age of tree of first and be advisable later on, open first influence tree bulk-growth too early, influence the expansion of tree crown with 7,8 years; Cause into and set the output reduction age, can not realize the high yield high yield.And method of the present invention is given birth at 3-4 and just can be carried out on the winter jujube tree, and is first selectively to growing energetic major branch, or energetic large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, the dried first of opening in center; Promote it to carry out the result, reserve not open the auxilliary tree bulk-growth of supporting of branch of first and grow that treelet is with regard to resultful branch like this; The branch that growth is arranged; Growth result is balanced, can not form and impact tree bulk-growth, tree crown, can make treelet do sth. in advance 3-4 and get into fruiting period.
Present winter jujube tree forms that adopt dense planting to plant of planting more, seeding row spacing is a 2X3-4 rice, more than several 83 strains of mu strain; Therefore to dense planting winter jujube tree; After field planting, just can adopt this method to open first on the 3rd year, carry out year by year later on, not be interrupted; If the centre breaks first, jujube tree does not just bear fruit or bears fruit seldom the winter so.Winter, jujube tree was different with other jujube trees, and winter jujube tree bulk-growth is vigorous, became branch a lot, if without applying any artificial management method, whole strain tree does not just bear fruit or sporadicly sits fruit seldom, gets into fruiting period very late.According to our management practice for many years, think out that first is the effective ways of winter jujube tree raising fruit-setting rate, be the annual a kind of method that all must regularly carry out.It is the bear fruit management method of a key of quality, output height of winter jujube.
2 open the first time delays: traditional grasp standard of opening the first time is " time in Grain in Ear " to open first, promptly the winter jujube tree Sheng spend the initial stage, promptly the amount of blooming reaches at 30% o'clock and just opens first; It is at full-bloom stage that method of the present invention is grasped the time of opening first, and when promptly the flower amount was opened 50%-60%, the winter jujube reaches full-bloom stage just will open first; Note to observe open first a few days ago between weather condition; Sufficient with illumination, there was not wet weather in continuous two days, the most suitable when daily mean temperature reaches 25 ℃.Open the first time according to investigations and delay 5-10 days.Be characterized in: the time that will open first is delayed 5-10 days, opens the higher of first through observing between fruit-setting rate calibration often, and removes secondary from and open first, analyzes reason; Mainly be that air humidity is less because our Efficiency in Buildings in Tianjin Area 1-10 in June day weather is relatively more arid, burnt flower phenomenon very easily occur, even opened first; But because the mass deviation of flower, so fruit-setting rate is relatively poor, thereby, often need secondary to open first; After prolong 5-10 days, can avoid adverse weather effectively, when quality to be spent obviously improved, promptly the nectar amount was big; Just open first when touching the sticky sense in the column cap right side with hand, open first this time, the fruit of seat all is a fluffy flowers and fruits, bears fruit firmly; The fruit quality of sitting is good, and vegetative period is longer, the fruit neat and consistent, and quality obviously improves.
3, improve at the Kai Jia position; It is many to open first point position: this is the very big improvement and the innovation of splitting Party A's method; With the Kai Jia position from trunk bring up to major branch or large-scale fruit bearing shoot group, do at the center, and can be simultaneously to the dried first of opening of carrying out the multiple spot position in several major branches, fruit bearing shoot group or center on strain tree.This method specific aim is strong especially, can carry out the part to strong, prosperous branch of not bearing fruit selectively and open first control, promotes its result, and it is very obvious with the effect that improves the fruit regularity to improve fruit-setting rate.
4, reserve the auxilliary branch of supporting and do not open first, the result is many, and tree body resistant to diseases and insects is strong: the every strain tree of this method is all reserved 1-3 major branch and is not opened first, with the auxilliary tree body of supporting; Can the growth potential of whole tree body not impacted, resultful branch has the branch of growing the tree body, and growth result is neglected neither; Make every strain tree all keep a kind of state of growth result balance, therefore, through the tree that this method is handled, the tree vigo(u)r growth golden mean of the Confucian school is healthy; Resistant to diseases and insects is strong, and the result is many, and fruit quality is good.
5, opening the first width strengthens: tradition is opened first and only on trunk, is opened first; Width is 0.6-0.8 centimetre, and the first mouth is narrower, to the control DeGrain of whole tree body; And this method is done at several major branches, fruit bearing shoot group or center and is carried out multiple spot simultaneously and open first; And first mouth width is increased to 0.8-1.0 centimetre, obvious especially to the control effect of part, though on the strain tree a plurality of first mouths are arranged; But through being coated with the phoxim soup and still can healing well with mud and joint sealing plastics protection back first mouth, dead tree, the dead arm phenomenon of making a slip of the tongue and remaking because of first do not appear almost.
6, cause dead tree few, can not cause the row phenomenon of being short of seedling, breaking in winter jujube garden, make winter jujube garden looks neat; Stable yield: conventional method is opened first at trunk, if it is improper to open first, as wide, overweight; Or fertile, water management do not catch up with, and is easy to make treelet to form stunted tree, and tree vigo(u)r is weak greatly; Be difficult to remedy, restore normal growth again, finally cause whole tree dead.The power that method of the present invention can artificially be done based on different major branches, fruitful branch group or center is opened first selectively; Can when opening first, reserve a certain amount of auxilliary branch of supporting, support the strong tree of root; Selectively to more energetic major branch, the dried first of opening of large-scale fruitful branch group or center; Can not cause big influence to whole tree body; Only split the local part of first and work, and cooperate the control of strengthening rich water quality management and disease and pest, so the tree bulk-growth is stable; Effectively regulate tree bulk-growth and result's balanced relation; Phenomenon can not take place extremely to set, and therefore, winter jujube garden can not caused be short of seedling, disconnected row phenomenon; Make winter Zao Yuan garden looks neat and consistent, can promote the stable yield in whole winter jujube garden.
7, output is high, article are of fine quality: method tree crown of the present invention is shaped fast, gets into fruiting period very soon through opening first, and the tree bulk-growth is good, and tree vigo(u)r is strong; Resistance against diseases is strong, and output rises very fast, can get into the full bearing period in advance, and the result is many; Output is high, and profitable, fruit quality obviously improves.Practice investigation: the winter in the full bearing period jujube tree adopt method of the present invention, average yield per mu can reach 2500 jin, with 5 yuan of calculating of existing market unit price (relatively guarding price); 12500 yuan of per mu yield values; And tradition is opened Party A's method, only 1000 jin of average yield per mus, 5000 yuan of per mu yield values; This method will exceed more than 1.5 times than conventional method per mu yield value, and benefit is very significant.The county has used more than 40,000 mu of area at present, and we are wideling popularize its application in view of method of the present invention achieves noticeable achievement.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 opens result's after the first figure for high-order, the multiple spot of winter jujube tree.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with preferred embodiment, the present invention is done further description, what explain especially is that the winter jujube tree that the present invention adopted is bought in golden jujube seedling grafting winter jujube (winter jujube scion is bought from Cangzhou, Hebei); Fruit-specific fertilizer is bought the happy composting of the farming Co., Ltd in-Tianjin.Three instances all are the demonstration bases of using this method, are the demoncal ration families that relies on plantation winter jujube to get rich.So far adopted this method from 2006, the mu net income achieves noticeable achievement all more than ten thousand yuan always.
Embodiment 1
A winter jujube tree high position, multiple spot are opened the method for first:
On entering winter in the full bearing period jujube tree of strain life in 6 years, select 5 energetic major branches of growth to carry out multiple spot and open first, the Kai Jia position is selected in 15 centimetres of smooth places of its base portion carries out, and this strain tree is reserved 2 major branches and do not open first simultaneously; Open between branch and the branch of first not overlappingly, the orientation jack staggers; Open after the first and whole tree body to be sprayed 10ppm gibberellin 1 time in 3 days; Add 0.1% borax when spraying simultaneously; After opening first, first oral area position smeared 50% phoxim soup in 5 days, smeared once, connect and be coated with 3 times, with plastics the first mouth is protected then, promote the healing of first mouth at a distance from 5 days; See Fig. 1.
Embodiment 2
The test garden is 15 mu of winter jujube gardens of generation peak man of Da Feng heap town Jin village village Korea S in Jinghai County, and this garden is in the golden jujube of field planting in March, 1999, and in grafting winter late April jujube then, are the north and south row; Seeding row spacing 2X4 rice, every mu 83 strain, in March, 2003 investigation is on average done high 65 centimetres; Do 15.3 centimetres of weeks, crown diameter 1.8X1.7 rice, tree-like is coronule layering shape, major branch 5-7; This garden strain in 2003 is produced 0.5 kilogram, 83 jin of per mu yields, and in 10 yuan/jin of unit prices, 830 yuan of per mu yield values; This garden opened first in 2004,25 centimeters are opened first for the first time apart from ground on trunk, and opening the first width is 0.5 centimetre, produce when the annual strain and bring up to 6.2 jin, 514.6 jin of average yield per mus, 5146 yuan of per mu yield values.
We begin to bear Urban Committee on Agriculture's " winter jujube technique for cultivating high-quality and high-yield is promoted " project 2005-2006, and during the project implementation, we carry out " high-order, multiple spot " with this garden as the demonstration garden in 2006 beginnings and open the first test; 5 mu in test garden moves on to major branch in the test garden on the Kai Jia position, on average selects 4 major branches to open first in every strain; Promptly open first 4 some positions, opening the first width is 0.8-1.0 centimetre, has suitably strengthened and has opened the first width; And every strain simultaneously stays 1-2 major branch not open first, and the test garden is opened after the first and to be sprayed 15ppm gibberellin on the 2nd day, and the reinforcement rich water quality management; Execute 2 jin of fruit-specific fertilizers in every strain on July 15, executed 2 jin of fruit-specific fertilizers August 20.Other 10 mu are still continued on trunk, to open first, and the Kai Jia position moves 5 centimetres on every year, and opening the first width is 0.8 centimetre.On October 5th, 2006 investigation result: " high-order, multiple spot " opens the average strain of first and produces 20.4 jin, 1693 jin of per mu yields, in 8 yuan/jin of unit prices, the per mu yield value is 13546 yuan, and the tree bulk-growth is energetic, physically well develops.And trunk to open that the average strain of first produces be 9.3 jin, 771.9 jin of average yield per mus, same unit price meter, 6175 yuan of per mu yield values find that the tree body prolongs flowering stage, result quantities is little, a fruit difference in size is bigger." high-order, multiple spot " opens Party A's method to open the first average yield per mu than conventional method high 921 jin, and the per mu yield value exceeds 7368 yuan, and the per mu yield value exceeds traditional trunk and opens 119% of first, and effect very significantly.
Embodiment 3
Wang Kou town, Jinghai County Zhang Jia village horse extensively becomes 50 mu of winter jujube garden areas, and mu is planted 83 strains, the age of tree 11 years; Be big tree in the full bearing period; So far using this method to open first in 2007, the vigorous branches bar 3-5 bar of whenever selecting good strains in the field for seed is opened first always, and strain stays 2-3 branch not open first; Open the first width at 0.8 centimetre, the widelyest be no more than 1.0 centimetres.This garden imposes 0.6 jin of the every strain of fruit-specific fertilizer before germination, July 13 imposed 2 jin of the every strains of fruit-specific fertilizer after opening first, imposed 2 jin of the every strains of fruit-specific fertilizer August 15.On October 8th, 2009 investigation result: it is 27.3 jin that strain is produced, 2265.9 jin of per mu yields, by 6 yuan of/jin calculating of market price then, the per mu yield value is 13595 yuan.And use tradition to open that Party A's method investigation strain produces is 18.8 jin, and 1560.4 jin of per mu yields are calculated with same market price, and the per mu yield value is 9362 yuan, and the per mu yield value exceeds trunk and opens 5233 yuan of first, exceeds 45%.
Embodiment 4
Comparative trial: 120 mu of Zhen Liang head town, Mare Tranquillitatis Sun village village Wang Rui imperial or royal seal plantation winter jujubes, every mu 83 strain, the age of tree 9 years.We did comparative trial in this garden in 2008; Party A's method is opened in the about 5 mu of employings of interim orbit west four lines " high-order, multiple spot "; Every strain tree opens average 4 major branches of first, and every strain on average stays 2 auxilliary branches of supporting not open first, and golden mean of the Confucian school tree on the weak side stays 1 auxilliary branch of supporting more; Open 0.8-1.0 centimetre of first width, opening changes the sky after the first and sprays 10ppm gibberellin; Four lines adopts conventional method to open first for about 5 mu in the east, opens first at trunk, opens 0.8-1.0 centimetre of first width.On October 6th, 2009 is to the investigation result in test plot: high-order, multiple spot is opened Party A's method " strain produce 26 jin, 2158 jin of per mu yields, 6 yuan/jin of unit prices, 12948 yuan of per mu yield values; And trunk is opened the strain of first and is produced 17.2 jin, 1427.6 jin of per mu yields, and under the price same case, 8565.6 yuan of per mu yield values.It is high 730.4 jin that this method is opened the first per mu yield than trunk, and the per mu yield value is high 4382.4 yuan, exceeds 51.2%.
Routine winter jujube tree opens the method for first:
The winter jujube tree bloom and reach 30% and promptly contain and spend the initial stage, carry out at 20-30 centimetre of position apart from ground at trunk, open every year later on first all above last 1 year first mouth about 5 centimetres carry out, open first to the trunk bifurcation, return the trunk bottom and repeat.Concrete operations are: wipe trunk Lao Pi off a circle with taking off sickle earlier, about 1 centimetre of width exposes pink phloem; With first tree cutter girdling two cuttves on phloem, reach xylem deeply, about 0.5 centimetre of two edge of a knife spacing again; Pull down a circle bast along the edge of a knife then, expose xylem.Open first one and be and see that the tree vigo(u)r and the age of tree confirm first mouth width, become 0.5-0.7 centimetre in strong tree in age, weak tree and bearing-age tree 0.3-0.4 centimetre of children age.The 2nd, it is careful to operate, the first mouth smooth smooth, width is consistent, first mouth endophloem is all cut off Ex-all, does not stay one, the first mouth up and down phloem at two ends still is close to xylem, does not warp to reveal seam, hinders xylem simultaneously scarcely.The 3rd, go up edge of a knife vertical cut when opening first, the following edge of a knife is upwards cut sth. askew, and makes first mouth lower edge downward-sloping, in case gather rainwater.In the first mouth, smear 50 times of 50% phoxim soup after opening first, with the plastics protection, smeared medicine once, and smeared 2-3 time altogether in every 5-7 days then.Open first after 20 days, it is firm basically to bear fruit, with mud that the first mouth is floating, promotes the healing of first mouth.
High-order, multiple spot is opened the concrete operating procedure of first:
The winter jujube tree bloom and reach 50%-60%, promptly full-bloom stage selects calm fine day to open first.On the winter jujube tree, select prosperous strong major branch 3-5 branch of growth, apart from 10-30 centimetre of smooth place of its base portion attachment region or dried smooth place, center open first, to reserve 1-3 bar major branch in every strain and not open first.A period of time has been cut off phloem after opening first; Stoped photosynthetic product this passage to the root system transportation; Hold back organic nutrition to the first mouth with top, nutriment fully accumulated and increase transportation and distribution to flower, therefore can effectively improve the fruit-setting rate of first mouth with the upper part flower.At first select sharp grafting knife when opening first for use, can the major branch of choosing, center do or the fruit bearing shoot group on select smooth stingless place to open first, earlier bark from old tress is scraped off when opening first; Expose phloem tissue, with driving the first cutter, carefully cut two circles up and down then according to opening the first width; The first mouth will close and circularize, and the first mouth will reach xylem deeply, but does not injure xylem; Reject the clean phloem tissue that cuts off with point of a knife, also do not injure xylem.It is level and smooth that want first oral area position, and upper limb is vertical with trunk, and the lower edge blade makes progress deflection 20-30 °, forms outside sloping inclined-plane; Prevent that rainwater from gathering, whole first mouth width is consistent, and the phloem at Jia Kou two ends will still be close to xylem; Do not rise and do not stick up, open 0.4-0.6 centimetre of first width earsh, set 0.8-1.0 centimetre greatly; 0.4 centimetre of veteran, weak tree does not open first, treats to open first again after tree vigo(u)r recovers.First mouth healing stage with 45 days for well.Open after the first and in time whole tree body to be sprayed 10-15PPm gibberellin 1-2 time in 1-7 days, add the borax better effects if of 0.1-0.2% when spraying simultaneously; After opening first; In the first mouth, smear 50% phoxim soup, liquid proportion is: a 50% phoxim stoste is converted water 50-100 part, and concrete grammar is: after opening first, be coated with 1 time 50% phoxim soup at Jia Kou in 5-7 days; Be coated with 1 time in every later on separated 5-7 days; Even be coated with 3 times, with plastics the first mouth protected then, promote the healing of first mouth; Split first winter jujube tree and must cooperate the reinforcement rich water quality management; 1.5 jin of fruit-specific fertilizers are executed in every strain before germination, open that the young fruit period in 10-20 day in July imposes 0.8 jin of the every strain of fruit-specific fertilizer again after the first, impose 1.0 jin of the every strains of fruit-specific fertilizer 15-25 day in August again; In time water after topdressing, see Fig. 1.
Table 1 data compare:
| Relatively | The age of tree | The Kai Jia position | Fruit-setting rate improves % | Dead tree rate % | Per mu yield |
| Routine winter jujube tree opens first | 7-8 | Trunk | 37.2 | ?8.3 | ?890 |
| High-order, multiple spot is opened first | 4 years | Branch | 106 | ?0.6 | ?1120 |
Conclusion: visible by table 1, adopt " high-order, multiple spot " to open the method for first, but the winter jujube tree at field planting the 4th year large result just, per mu yield reaches 1120 jin according to investigations, opens the tree that first 7-8 gives birth to than routine and has improved 25.8%; Fruit-setting rate is opened the living tree of first 7-8 than routine and has been improved 68.8%; Dead tree rate has reduced by 85.5%.
In a word, the winter jujube tree be growth vigorous, become branch a lot, the result is later; The jujube cultivars that output is medium; Handle but open Party A's method, assisting integrated managements such as spraying gibberellin, reinforcement rich water quality management, not only can realize getting into ahead of time the effect of fruiting period through " high-order, multiple spot "; And increasing substantially fruit-setting rate, the result is stable, output improves, it is remarkable to reduce dead tree phenomenon effect.
Claims (5)
1. high-order, method that multiple spot is opened first of winter jujube tree is characterized in that being undertaken by following step:
(1) on a strain 3-12 gives birth to winter jujube tree, select the energetic major branch of growth, the dried multiple spot that carries out of large-scale fruit bearing shoot group or center to open first; The Kai Jia position is selected in the smooth place that major branch or the branch group smooth place of base portion or center are done, and simultaneously every strain tree is reserved a certain amount of major branch and do not open first;
(2) open between branch and the branch of first not overlappingly, the orientation jack staggers, and the branch of opening the first branch and not opening first carries out year by year by turns;
(3) earsh to open the first width be 0.4-0.6 centimetre, get into the full bearing period big tree to open the first width be 0.8-1.0 centimetre; Open after the first and whole tree body to be sprayed 10-15ppm gibberellin 1-2 time in 1-7 days; The borax that adds 0.1-0.2% when spraying simultaneously;
(4) after opening first, first oral area position smeared 50% phoxim soup in 5-7 days, smeared once, connect and be coated with 3 times, with plastics the first mouth is protected then at a distance from 5-7 days.
2. the said high position of claim 1, multiple spot are opened the method for first; Multiple spot is opened first and is referred on wherein said 3-12 gives birth to winter jujube tree: the winter jujube tree bloom and reach 50%-60%; Promptly at the full-bloom stage of winter jujube tree, select prosperous strong major branch 3-5 of growth or select energetic large-scale fruit bearing shoot group 1-2 or do at energetic center and to carry out multiple spot simultaneously and open first; Described center is dried to refer to: the above 50-80 centimeters of trunk is in direct first part more than major branch of giving birth on the trunk, does direct major branch, auxilliary branch and the large-scale fruit bearing shoot group of supporting of giving birth at the center; Said Kai Jia position is selected in the smooth place of its base portion and refers to: the Kai Jia position of large-scale fruit bearing shoot group is selected in its base portion apart from attachment region 10-30 centimetre smooth place; Split the major branch of first; As newborn developmental branch is arranged in base portion 10-30 centimetre; The substantial developmental branch of growing of selecting and remain 1 stays and does the auxilliary branch of supporting, the auxilliary tree body of supporting; 10 centimetres of base portions are all wiped out with interior developmental branch, and the Kai Jia position of this major branch is selected in the smooth place of above 5-10 centimetre of this developmental branch attachment region; Wherein said every strain tree is reserved a certain amount of major branch and do not open first and refer to: every strain tree must be reserved 1-3 major branch and not open first when opening first, the auxilliary tree body of supporting, and annual every strain tree opens 4-8 first mouth and is advisable, and opens the first branch and accounts for total 55-70% that measures of whole tree.
3. the described high position of claim 1, multiple spot are opened Party A's method; The wherein said branch of opening the first branch and not opening first refers to year by year by turns: do at the 1st year at first selected energetic major branch, center on strain tree, large-scale fruit bearing shoot group opens first; To relax its growing way; To the golden mean of the Confucian school on the weak side then do not open first, with auxilliary its growing way of supporting; The 2nd year, at first selected major branch, center of not opening first on the 1st year done or large-scale fruit bearing shoot group is opened first, and major branch, the center of opening first on the 1st year are done or large-scale fruit bearing shoot group; If growth potential is relaxed; Become to golden mean of the Confucian school growth potential, just do not proceed out first on the 2nd year, if but still grew energetic on the 2nd year; Can relax its growing way selectively to these energetic first of proceeding out of growing; Still grew energeticly on the 2nd year when opening first, opened first when can not open first in the 2nd year with the 1st year, annual and the like.
4. the said high position of claim 1, multiple spot are opened the method for first; Wherein step (3) sprayed 1-2 10-15ppm gibberellin to whole tree body in 1-7 days and refers to and after opening first, change the sky and spray 10-15ppm gibberellin the 1st time after opening first; As weather was arid at that time; In 3-7 days, spray 10-15ppm gibberellin again the 2nd time, add the borax of 0.1-0.2% when spraying simultaneously.
5. the said high position of claim 1, multiple spot are opened the method for first, and wherein said 50% phoxim soup refers to: a 50% phoxim stoste is converted water 50-100 part, is coated with dose and is advisable to be coated with wet first mouth.
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