CN102369337A - 用于碳氢化合物开采中的可调节流量的控制装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种流量控制装置，可包括主体，所述主体具有至少两个构造用于传送流体的流动路径。所述流动路径可在所述主体中彼此液压隔离，并且所述流动路径中的至少一个能够选择性地闭塞。在特定布置中，过滤元件可设置在所述多个入流控制装置中的一个或多个的上游。所述流动路径可利用例如腔室和开口等特征来在流经其的流体中产生特定的压降。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体涉及用于选择性地控制例如开采管等井筒管和地层之间的流体流的***和方法。
背景技术
例如石油和天然气等碳氢化合物使用钻入地层中的井筒从地层采收。这样的井通常以如下方式完井：沿井筒长度放置套管并且在每一个这样的开采区附近对套管进行钻孔来将地层流体(例如碳氢化合物)提取至井筒中。这些开采区有时通过在开采区之间安装封隔器来彼此隔开。来自每一个开采区的进入井筒的流体被抽吸到延伸到地面的管道中。期望沿开采区具有基本上均匀的排放。不均匀的排放可能会导致例如侵入气体锥或水锥等不利情况。在例如采油井的情况下，气体锥可使气体入流到井筒中，这可能显著降低产油量。以类似的方式，水锥可使水入流到油开采流中，这可降低采油的数量和质量。因此，可能期望在整个开采区提供可控的排放和/或在经受不期望的水和/或气体流入的开采区内具有选择性地隔离或减少入流的能力。另外，可能期望使用井筒管将流体注入到地层中。
本发明满足了现有技术的这些和其他需要。
发明内容
在一些方面中，本发明提供一种用于控制井筒管和地层之间流体流的设备。所述设备可包括主体，所述主体具有至少两个构造用于传送流体的流动路径。所述流动流路径可在所述主体中彼此液压隔离，并且所述流动路径中的至少一个可闭塞。在一些布置中，所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个在流经其的流体中产生不同的压降。在一些实施例中，所述流动路径中的至少一个包括腔室和与所述腔室连通的至少一个开口。其他实施例可包括不止一个腔室和开口。例如，流动路径可包括多个腔室，所述腔室彼此流体连通。在一些布置中，几个流动路径中的每一个包括多个腔室，并且所述腔室可彼此流体连通。所述流动路径中的每一个可经其产生不同的压降。在一些实施例中，所述流动路径中的每一个具有与所述井筒的环空连通的第一端和与所述井筒管的孔腔连通的第二端。而且，在一些布置中，闭塞构件可闭塞所述流动路径中的一个或多个。
在一些方面中，本发明提供用于控制流体在井筒管和井的环空之间的流动的方法。所述方法可包括在主体中形成至少两个流动路径，所述流动路径中的每一个具有与所述环空连通的第一端和与所述井筒管的孔腔连通的第二端；将所述至少两个流动路径中的至少一个形成为用于接纳闭塞构件；和将所述至少两个流动路径在所述主体中彼此液压隔离。所述方法可还包括使用所述闭塞构件闭塞所述流动路径中的至少一个。在一些实施例中，所述方法可还包括将所述流动路径中的每一个构造成在流经其的流体中产生不同的压降。而且，所述方法可包括将所述流动路径中的至少一个构造成包括腔室和至少一个与所述腔室连通的开口。而且，所述方法可包括将所述流动路径中的至少一个构造成包括多个腔室，所述腔室彼此流体连通。而且，所述方法可包括将所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个构造成包括多个腔室，所述腔室彼此流体连通，并且其中，所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个经其产生不同的压降。而且，所述方法可包括将所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个设置有与所述井筒的环空连通的第一端和与所述井筒管的孔腔连通的第二端。
在其他方面中，本发明提供用于控制井中流体流的***。所述***可包括布置在井中的井筒管，所述井筒管具有流动孔腔；和多个沿所述井筒管设置的流量控制装置。所述流量控制装置中的每一个可包括主体，所述主体具有多个构造用于在所述井的环空和所述流动孔腔之间传送流体的流动路径，所述流动路径中的每一个具有与井筒的环空连通的第一端和与所述流动孔腔连通的第二端，所述流动路径中的每一个在其各自第一端和第二端之间彼此液压隔离，并且其中，所述多个流动路径中的至少一个能够选择性地闭合。
应可理解，本发明的更重要的特征的示例已经概括地总结，以可更好地理解后面的其详细描述，并且以可意识到对本领域的贡献。当然，存在后文将描述的并且将形成所附权利要求主题的其他特征。
附图说明
由于在结合附图考虑时参照后面的详细描述将更好地理解本发明的优点的其他方面，因此本发明的优点和其他方面将易于由本领域普通技术人员领会，在全部几幅附图中，相似的附图标记标示相似或类似的元件，其中：
图1是示例性多区域井筒和结合了根据本发明一个实施例的入流控制***的开采组件的示意性正视图；
图2是结合了根据本发明一个实施例的入流控制***的示例性裸眼开采组件的示意性正视图；
图3是根据本发明一个实施例制备的示例性开采控制装置的示意性剖视图；
图4是根据本发明一个实施例制备的流量控制装置的等轴视图；和
图5是根据本发明一个实施例制成的“展开的”流量控制装置的功能视图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及用于控制井中流体流的装置和方法。本发明容易有不同形式的实施例。附图中显示并且本文将详细描述本发明的具体实施方式，应理解的是，本文公开内容应视为是本发明原理的举例说明，并非旨在将本发明限制到本文所示出和描述的内容。
首先参照图1，显示了已经穿过地壳12钻入一对地层14，16中的示例性井筒10，期望从所述地层14，16开采碳氢化合物。井筒10如本领域已知地下入金属套管，多个穿孔18穿入并且延伸到地层14，16中，以使采出流体可从地层14，16流入井筒10中。井筒10具有偏转的或基本上水平的支路19。井筒10具有后期开采组件，总体以20标示，后期开采组件20借助从井筒10的地面26处的井口24向下延伸的油管柱22布置于井筒中。开采组件20沿其长度限定内部轴向流动孔腔28。开采组件20和井筒套管之间限定环空30。开采组件20具有沿井筒10的偏转支路19延伸的偏转的基本水平的部分32。开采装置34沿开采组件20设置在选定点处。可任选地，每一个开采装置34在井筒10内通过一对封隔器装置36隔离。虽然图1中仅显示了两个开采装置34，但是实际上沿水平部分32可具有大量以串联方式布置的这样的开采装置。
每一个开采装置34具有开采控制装置38，其用于管理流入开采组件20中的一种或多种流体流的一个或多个方面。如本文所用的术语“流体”或“多种流体”包括液体、气体、碳氢化合物、多相流体、多种流体中的两种的混合物、水、盐水、例如钻井泥浆等工程流体、例如水等从地表注入的流体和例如油和气等天然存在的流体。另外，提到的“水”应认为还包括水基流体；例如海水或盐水。根据本发明的实施例，开采控制装置38可具有确保选择性操作和从其通过的受控流体流的多种替代结构。
图2示出示例性裸眼井筒装置11，其中可使用本发明的开采装置。裸眼井筒11的构造和操作在大多数方面与前面描述的井筒10相似。但是，井筒装置11具有未下套管的井眼，其直接通到地层14，16。因此开采流体直接从地层14，16流出并且流入限定在开采组件21和井筒11的壁之间的环空30中。其中不具有穿孔，并且裸眼封隔器36可用于隔离开采控制装置38。开采控制装置的本质是使流体流从地层16直接导向到最近的开采装置34，因此形成平衡的流体流。在一些情况下，裸眼完井可能不用封隔器。
现在参照图3，显示了用于控制从储层到开采管中的流体流或“入流”和/或控制从开采管到地层中的流体流或“出流”的开采控制装置100的一个实施例。该流动控制可以是地层流体的一个或多个特性或参数的函数，所述特性或参数包括水含量、流体速度、气体含量等。而且，控制装置100可沿生产井的一部分分布，以在多个位置处提供流体控制。示例性的开采控制装置在本文中将在下面进行讨论。
在一个实施例中，开采控制装置100包括：颗粒控制装置110，颗粒控制装置110用于降低携带在流体中的颗粒量和尺寸；和流量控制装置120，其控制来自地层的总排放速度。颗粒控制装置110可包括例如砂筛和相关的砾石充填装置等已知的装置。
在一些实施例中，流量控制装置120利用多个流动路径或通道来产生预定压降，所述预定压降辅助控制流速和/或流出速率。这些流动路径中的一个或多个可闭塞来提供特定的压降。示例性的流量控制装置120通过使流动的流体穿过一个或多个管道122来产生用于控制流动的压降。每一个管道可构造用于在管22的流动孔腔102和将装置120与地层分隔的环形空间或环空30之间提供独立的流动路径。另外，这些管道122中的一些或全部可基本上彼此液压隔离。即，经过管道122的流体流可视为并联的而不是串联的。因而，经过一个管道122的流体流可部分或全部阻塞，而基本上不影响经过另一个管道的流体流流。应可理解，使用术语“并联”仅是就其功能意义而言，而不是指具体的结构或物理结构。
现在参照图4，显示了流量控制装置120的进一步的细节，所述流量控制装置120通过将入流流体传送经过多个管道122中的一个或多个管道122来产生压降。每一个管道122可沿基管或工作筒130的壁形成，并且包括构造用于以预定方式控制流动的结构特征。管道122可以以并联方式沿工作筒130的长轴线纵向排列，不过这不是必须的。每一个管道122可具有与井口管流动孔腔102(图3)流体连通的一端132，以及与将流量控制装置120和地层分隔的环形空间或环空30(图3)流体连通的第二端134。通常，每一个管道122至少在其各自的端部132，134之间的区域中彼此分隔。以虚线显示的外部壳体136包封工作筒130，以使管道122为流体流经工作筒130的唯一路径。在一些实施例中，沿着工作筒130，在环空和管流动孔腔102(图3)之间设置流动路径独立的至少两个管道122。管道122中的一个或多个可构造用于接纳部分或全部限制经过该管道122的流动的闭塞构件。在一种设置中，闭塞构件可以是柱塞138，其容放在第二端134处。例如，柱塞138可以螺纹连接或化学固定到第一端132。在其他实施例中，闭合元件可固定到第二端134。在又一个实施例中，闭合元件可沿管道122长度设置在任何位置处。
在一些实施例中，管道122可以布置成迷宫，所述迷宫形成用于流体流经流量控制装置120的弯曲或迂曲流动路径。在一个实施例中，管道122可包括通过开口144相互连接的一系列腔室142。在一种示例性的使用中，流体可首先流入管道122中，并且容纳在腔室142中。然后，流体流经开口144，并且进入另一个腔室142中。经过开口144的流体流可比经过腔室142的流体流产生更大的压降。开口144可以孔、狭槽和在腔室144之间提供流体连通的任何其他结构形成。流体沿该迷宫式流动路径流动，直到流体通过端部132或端部134流出。
为了易于说明，图5从功能性的角度显示了用于流量控制装置120的四种示例性管道122a、122b、122c和122d的流体流动路径。为了易于说明，流量控制装置120以虚线和“展开的”方式显示，以更好地示出管道122a-d。这些管道122a、122b、122c和122d中的每一个在环空30(图3)或地层和管流动孔腔102之间提供单独的和独立的流动路径。而且，在所示的实施例中，所述管道122a、122b、122c和122d中的每一个给流动流体提供不同的压降。管道122a构造用于给流体流提供最小量的阻力，并且因而提供相对小的压降。管道122d构造用于给流体流提供最大的阻力，并且因而提供相对大的压降。管道122b，1122c提供在由管道122a，122d提供的压降之间的范围内的压降。但是应可理解，在其他实施例中，管道中的两个或多个可提供相同的压降，或全部管道可提供相同的压降。
参照图4和5，如前面所指明的，闭塞构件138可沿管道122a-d中的一个或多个设置，以阻塞流体流。在一些实施例中，闭塞构件138可如图所示设置在端部132处。例如，闭塞构件138可以是螺纹柱塞或其他类似元件。在其他实施例中，闭塞构件138也可设置在端部134处。在其他实施例中，闭塞构件138可以是沿管道122a-d填充腔室或开口的材料。闭塞构件138可构造用于部分或完全阻塞管道122a-d中的流动。因而，经过流量控制装置120的流体流可通过选择性地闭塞管道122中的一个或多个来调节。可获得的压降的排列数当然随管道122的数量改变。因而，在一些实施例中，流量控制装置120可提供与经过一个管道的流体流相关的压降，或与经过两个或多个管道的流体流相关的复合压降。
因而，在一些实施例中，流量控制装置可构造成“在现场”调节或构造，以提供选择性的压降。例如，保持全部管道122a-d不阻塞将最大化流动管道的数量，并且提供最低的压降。为了提高压降，可将闭塞构件138装配到管道122中，以阻塞流体流动。因而，在一些装置中，通过使用闭塞构件138选择性地闭塞管道122可用于控制由流量控制装置产生的压力差。因此应意识到，流量控制装置可在钻井现场构造或再构造，以提供压力差和回压，以针对给定的储层和/或期望的注入流动特性而获得期望的流量和排放特性。
另外，在一些实施例中，一些或全部管道122的表面可构造成对于流体流具有特定摩擦阻力。在一些实施例中，摩擦阻力可使用纹理、粗糙化表面或其他这样的表面结构来增大。或者，摩擦阻力可通过使用抛光或平滑表面来降低。在一些实施例中，表面可涂覆提高或降低表面摩擦的材料。而且，涂层可构造成根据流动材料(例如水或油)的性质来改变摩擦。例如，表面可涂覆吸收水以提高针对水流的摩擦阻力的亲水材料，或涂覆排斥水以减小针对水流的摩擦阻力的憎水材料。
总体参照图1-5，在一种部署模式中，地层14和16的特性可通过适当的测试确定，以评估期望的一种或多种排放模式。期望的一种或多种模式可通过适当调整流量控制装置140产生特定的压降来获得。压降可能对于沿管22设置的流量控制装置140中的每一个来说相同或不同。在***井筒10中之前，地层评估信息例如地层压力、温度、流体成分、井筒几何形状等可用于评估用于每一个流量控制装置140的期望压降。之后，用于每一个流量控制装置140的管道122可根据需要进行阻塞，以获得期望的压降。因而，例如，现在参照图5，对于第一流量控制装置，仅管道122a可闭塞，对于第二流量控制装置140，仅管道122b和122c可闭塞，对于第三流量控制装置140，管道122a-d中的任何一个都不可闭塞，等等。当构造好用于提供期望压降时，井筒管22和入流控制装置140可传送到并且安装在井中。
在一种操作模式过程中，来自地层的流体流经颗粒控制装置110，然后流入流量控制装置140中。当流体流经管道122时，压降产生，这导致流体流速减小。在另一种操作模式中，流体被泵送经过井筒管22，并且经过流量控制装置140。当流体流经管道122时，产生压降，这导致流经颗粒控制装置110并且流入环空30(图3)中的流体的流速减小。
应可理解，图1和2旨在仅仅示例性地示出其中可应用本发明的教导的开采***。例如，在一些开采***中，井筒10，11可仅使用套管或衬套来将采出流体传送到地面。本发明的教导可用于控制流入那些和其他井筒管的流体流。
应进一步意识到，管道还可包括可渗透介质。管道的渗透率可通过适当选择可渗透介质的结构来控制。一般来讲，抛开其他因素不讲，沿管道的表面面积的大小、管道的横截面流动面积、管道曲折程度决定了管道的渗透率。在一个实施例中，可渗透介质可使用装入管道中的元件形成。所述元件可以是粒状元件，例如填充的滚珠、小球或丸，或例如“钢丝绒”等纤维元件，或形成流体可从其流过的间隙空间的任何其他这样的元件。所述元件也可以是布置成用于允许流体流经管道的毛细管。在其他实施例中，可渗透介质可包括其中形成孔的一个或多个主体。例如，所述主体可以是类似海绵的物体，或一叠穿孔的过滤式元件。应意识到，适当地选择例如珠等物体的尺寸、孔或穿孔的数量、形状和尺寸、毛细管的直径和数量等，可得到针对选定的压降的期望的渗透率。因而，作为上述腔室的替代方案或者附加方案，可使用这样的元件。
应意识到，已经描述的内容部分地包括用于控制井筒管和地层之间的流体流的设备。所述设备可包括主体，所述主体具有两个或多个用于传送流体的流动路径。所述流动路径可以在主体中彼此液压隔离，并且所述流动路径中的至少一个可闭塞。在一些布置中，各个流动路径在流经其的流体中产生不同的压降。在一些实施例中，流动路径中的至少一个包括腔室和至少一个与腔室连通的开口。其他实施例可包括不止一个腔室和开口。例如，流动路径可包括多个腔室，各个所述腔室彼此流体连通。在一些布置中，几个流动路径中的每一个包括多个腔室，并且各个所述腔室可彼此流体连通。所述流动路径中的每一个可经其产生不同的压降。在一些实施例中，所述流动路径中的每一个具有与井筒的环空连通的第一端，和与井筒管的孔腔连通的第二端。而且，在一些布置中，闭塞构件可闭塞流动路径中的一个或多个。
应意识到，所描述的内容部分地包括用于控制井筒管和井的环空之间的流体流的方法。所述方法可包括在主体中形成至少两个流动路径，所述流动路径中的每一个具有与所述环空连通的第一端，和与所述井筒管的孔腔连通的第二端；将所述至少两个流动路径中的至少一个形成为用来接纳闭塞构件；和将所述至少两个流动路径在所述主体中彼此液压隔离。所述方法可进一步包括使用所述闭塞构件闭塞所述流动路径中的至少一个。在一些实施例中，所述方法可还包括将所述流动路径中的每一个构造成在流经其的流体中产生不同的压降。而且，所述方法可包括将所述流动路径中的至少一个构造成包括腔室和至少一个与所述腔室连通的开口。而且，所述方法可包括将所述流动路径中的至少一个构造成包括多个腔室，各个所述腔室彼此流体连通。而且，所述方法可包括将所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个构造成包括多个腔室，各个所述腔室彼此流体连通，并且其中，所述至少两个流体路径中的每一个经其产生不同的压降。而且，所述方法可包括使所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个具有与所述井筒的环空连通的第一端，和与所述井筒管的孔腔连通的第二端。
应意识到，已经描述的内容部分地包括用于控制井中流体流的***。所述***可包括布置在井中的井筒管，所述井筒管具有流动孔腔；和沿所述井筒管设置的多个流量控制装置。所述流量控制装置中的每一个可包括主体，所述主体具有构造用于在井的环空和流动孔腔之间传送流体的多个流动路径，所述流动路径中的每一个具有与井筒的环空连通的第一端和与所述流动孔腔连通的第二端，并且各个所述流动路径在其各自的第一端和第二端之间彼此液压隔离，并且其中，所述多个流动路径中的至少一个能够选择性地闭合。
为了清楚和简明，在上面的描述中省略了管状元件、例如O形环等弹性密封件和其他众所周知的技术之间的大部分螺纹连接的描述。而且，例如“阀”等术语以其最宽泛的含义使用，并且不限于任何特定类型或结构。出于示出和说明目的，针对本发明的特定实施例进行了前述描述。但是对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是，对于上面提出的实施例进行的很多修改和改变可能不偏离本发明的范围。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于控制井筒管和地层之间的流体流的设备，包括：
主体，其具有至少两个构造用于传送流体的流动路径，所述至少两个流动路径在所述主体中彼此液压隔离，并且其中，所述至少两个流动路径中的至少一个构造成能够选择性地闭塞。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个构造成在从其流经的流体中产生不同的压降。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述至少两个流动路径中的至少一个包括至少一个腔室和与所述至少一个腔室连通的至少一个开口。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述至少两个流动路径中的至少一个包括多个腔室，各个所述腔室彼此流体连通。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个包括多个腔室，各个所述腔室彼此流体连通，并且其中，所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个经其产生不同的压降。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个具有与所述井筒的环空连通的第一端和与所述井筒管的孔腔连通的第二端。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备，还包括闭塞构件，其构造用于闭塞所述至少两个流动路径中的至少一个。
8.一种用于控制井筒管和井的环空之间的流体流的方法，包括：
在主体中形成至少两个流动路径，所述流动路径中的每一个具有与所述环空连通的第一端和与所述井筒管的孔腔流体连通的第二端；
将所述至少两个流动路径中的至少一个形成为用来接纳闭塞构件；和
将所述至少两个流动路径在所述主体中彼此液压隔离。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，还包括使用所述闭塞构件闭塞所述至少两个流动路径中的至少一个。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，还包括将所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个构造成在经过其流动的流体中产生不同的压降。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法，还包括将所述至少两个流动路径中的至少一个构造成包括至少一个腔室和与所述至少一个腔室连通的至少一个开口。
12.根据权利要求8所述的方法，还包括将所述至少两个流动路径中的至少一个构造成包括多个腔室，各个所述腔室彼此流体连通。
13.根据权利要求8所述的方法，还包括将所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个构造成包括多个腔室，各个所述腔室彼此流体连通，并且其中，所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个经其产生不同的压降。
14.根据权利要求8所述的方法，还包括使所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个具有与所述井筒的环空连通的第一端和与所述井筒管的孔腔流体连通的第二端。
15.一种用于控制井中的流体流的***，包括：
井筒管，其布置在所述井中，所述井筒管具有流动孔腔；
多个流量控制装置，其沿所述井筒管设置，所述流量控制装置中的每一个包括：
主体，其具有多个构造用于在所述井的环空和所述流动孔腔之间传送流体的流动路径，所述流动路径中的每一个具有与井筒的环空连通的第一端和与所述流动孔腔连通的第二端，各个所述流动路径在其各自第一端和第二端之间彼此液压隔离，并且其中，所述多个流动路径中的至少一个能够选择性地闭合。
16.根据权利要求15所述的***，其中，所述多个流动路径中的每一个构造成在流经其的流体中产生不同的压降。
17.根据权利要求15所述的***，还包括闭塞构件，其构造用于闭合所述多个流动路径中的至少一个。
18.根据权利要求15所述的设备，其中，所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个构造成在流经其的流体中产生不同的压降。
19.根据权利要求15所述的设备，其中，所述至少两个流动路径中的至少一个包括至少一个腔室和与所述至少一个腔室连通的至少一个开口。
20.根据权利要求15所述的***，其中，所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个包括多个腔室，各个所述腔室彼此流体连通，并且其中，所述至少两个流动路径中的每一个经其产生不同的压降。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO2414621T3 (zh) | 2018-04-07 |
| SA110310253B1 (ar) | 2014-05-08 |
| EP2414621B1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
| EP2414621A2 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
| US8069921B2 (en) | 2011-12-06 |
| EA201101427A1 (ru) | 2012-05-30 |
| EP2414621A4 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
| US20090205834A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
| WO2010114741A2 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
| AU2010232846A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
| AU2010232846B2 (en) | 2015-02-19 |
| MX2011010174A (es) | 2011-10-10 |
| BRPI1014068B1 (pt) | 2019-10-29 |
| CN102369337B (zh) | 2015-09-23 |
| EA025327B1 (ru) | 2016-12-30 |
| WO2010114741A3 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
| BRPI1014068A2 (pt) | 2016-04-12 |
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