CN102364049B - Hard rock composite TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) suitable for composite stratum and tunneling mode thereof - Google Patents
Hard rock composite TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) suitable for composite stratum and tunneling mode thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102364049B CN102364049B CN201110317470.7A CN201110317470A CN102364049B CN 102364049 B CN102364049 B CN 102364049B CN 201110317470 A CN201110317470 A CN 201110317470A CN 102364049 B CN102364049 B CN 102364049B
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Abstract
The invention discloses hard rock shield construction equipment which is suitable for a single stratum of soft soil, soft rock, hard rock and the like and is simultaneously suitable for a soft and hard alternate stratum and a transition stratum, particularly silt, clay, powder, sand, gravel, decayed rock stratum. In the invention, two tunneling modes can be realized: an earth pressure balance tunneling mode and an open tunneling mode. When an excavated surface has poor stability or soft soil, a sand stratum and a sand gravel stratum with high water content are excavated, the earth pressure balance tunneling mode is used for construction; and when surrounding rock of the excavated surface can be self-stabilized, the open mode is used for construction when the rock stratum has high stability, particularly, a composite cutter head is used for tunneling. The equipment has extremely strong geological adaptability, is particularly suitable for construction of a soft and hard complex stratum of a municipal metro, and also has low construction interference and is convenient to control; and the overall manufacturing cost is greatly reduced compared with a hard rock tunneling machine.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to shield structure and TBM field of engineering technology, relate generally to a kind of constructing tunnel engineering machinery, be specially a kind of single stratum such as weak soil, soft rock, hard rock that had both been applicable to, be applicable to the hard rock combined type TBM construction equipment that soft or hard replaces stratum, transition stratum simultaneously.
Background technology
In the China with the title in International Geology museum, stratum engineering, hydrogeology complexity, for many underground municipal engineering, take a kind of geology as main between works area, have the geology of other stratum and bad ground simultaneously.Shield structure application technology roughly can be divided into ，Yi Shanghai, three kinds of stratum, Zhengzhou is the main soft stratum representing; Take Beijing, Guangzhou is the hard-soft heterogeneous grounds such as sand bed, sand-pebble layer and decomposed rock of main representative; With ground consisting of hard rock such as Chongqing, Qingdao, the sandstone that is linked as greatly representative, slate, granite.Shield structure and TBM to engineering construction have fast, many outstanding advantages such as high-quality, safety, economy, environmental protection, be first-selected construction equipment in tunnel construction.EPB shield structure is constructed with the obvious advantage in city underground weak soil and sand gravel geology, and cost is low, but equipment can not adapt to hard rock geology.TBM drivage efficiency in the single ground consisting of hard rock of geology is occupied advantage, but equipment overall length is long, and it is large that work is raised difficulty, involves great expense, is applied to especially city underground advantage and be difficult to give full play to.The general shortcoming of TBM replaces stratum for running into unfavorable geology or soft, hard rock, and difficulty of construction and risk sharply increase.
For weak soil, soft rock, hard-soft heterogeneous ground engineering geology operating mode in domestic municipal underground construction geology, this has relatively single stratum adaptive EPB shield structure and TBM can not meet bad ground construction requirement.
How to utilize the tunnel machine of cost performance optimum to complete the problem of complicated geological Engineering Project Construction urgently to be resolved hurrily, provide a kind of can driving in soft stratum or the poor stratum of country rock again to equip with the constructing tunnel of hard rock mole performance, when changing, stratum geology switches boring mode, make an equipment there is weak soil, soft rock, hard rock and replace stratum geological adaptability widely, to matching operation, disturb little simultaneously, reduce engineering risk, being a great problem in tunnel machine design and construction, is also the major reason of the tunnel construction development machine scope of application.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, the invention discloses and a kind ofly can be applicable to the single stratum such as weak soil, soft rock, hard rock, simultaneously with being applicable to soft or hard, replacing the hard rock shield-tunneling construction that stratum, transition stratum be specially silts, sticky, powder, sand, ovum gravel, decomposed rock stratum and equip, be specially a kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum, this equipment can be realized two kinds of boring modes: earth pressure balance boring mode and unlimited boring mode.Equipment has very strong geological adaptability, is particularly useful for soft, the hard bad ground construction of municipal subway, and complete machine is cheap simultaneously, and matching operation is disturbed to little, control convenience, and equipment manufacturing cost is cheap, economical and practical.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum, comprise and be positioned at the top cutterhead 1 of shield body, the anterior shield 2 being connected with cutterhead 1, and the middle shield 6 being connected with anterior shield 2, the tail shield 8 being connected with middle shield 6, it is characterized in that: described cutterhead 1 is combined type cutterhead, comprise cutterhead steel work 20, on cutterhead steel work 20, be welded with wear-resisting panel 21 and gauge cutter 24 and be positioned at the peripheral wear-resistant block 25 of cutterhead on gauge cutter 24 sides, on wear-resisting panel 21, be provided with hobboing cutter 22, edge doctor 23 and scraper 28, hobboing cutter 22 is provided with hobboing cutter protection piece 27 around, meet edge doctor 23 and the scraper 28 of cutterhead bidirectional rotation excavation, cutterhead back is provided with anterior shield stirring rod 33, and cutterhead 1 front and rear is furnished with sediment improvement end port, and described sediment improvement end port is cutter head foam mouth (26), swell soil mouth (29), water jet (36),
On the anterior shield housing 30 of anterior shield 2, be provided with and be positioned at upper left side and top-right stabilizer 3, and be positioned at lower left and bottom-right two groups and amount to four anterior shield oscillating cylinders 31; On the dividing plate being connected with anterior shield housing 30, be also provided with pre-grouting mouth, screw machine early gate 32, swell soil 34, leading rig reserved opening 35, water jet 36, foam mouth 37, industrial air mouth 38, soil pressure case 39, anterior shield stirring rod 33, in anterior shield stirring rod 33, add the netted wear resistance electrode of welding rod;
In the middle shield housing 40 of middle shield 6, be furnished with propelling cylinder 41, between the junction of propelling cylinder 41, be provided with pre-grouting pipe 42, and be arranged in lower left and bottom-right two groups of shield oscillating cylinders 15 that amount to four;
Described anterior shield 1 is cone-shaped, and is welded with otch wearing layer 19 between anterior and cutterhead 1;
In described tail shield 8, be also provided with duct piece assembling machine 10, and the leading rig 9 being connected with duct piece assembling machine 10;
Described hard rock combined type TBM, it comprises earth pressure balance boring mode and unlimited boring mode, two kinds of pattern driving common characteristics are: in tunneling process, using the support as drive system 4 and combined type cutterhead 1 of anterior shield 2, middle shield 6, by propulsion system 7, for complete machine tunnels, provide thrust, and drive combined type cutterheads 1 revolution excavation driving by drive system 4; The centre revolving joint 18 that can adapt to combined type cutterhead 1, is provided with separately independently swell soil and foam passage, can before cutterhead, inject swell soil and foam simultaneously, in the first space, the quarrel soil of cutting is stirred and obtains good mixed effect; Dregs through improvement enters anterior shield 2 soil pressure storehouses by combined type cutterhead 1, then is delivered to belt conveyor 13 by conveying worm 12, and then supporting trailer after belt conveyor 13 is delivered to, is then transported outside hole by marshaling or continuous conveyor system; Main frame is coordinated to control by propulsion system 7 provides propulsive force to push ahead, and tunnels forward by the dilatory tail shield 8 of the hinged oil cylinder 14 of many groups; Meanwhile, duct piece assembling machine 10 segment assembly 11 circulations are driving forward, by the section of jurisdiction 11 of laying in advance, for tunneling, provides counter-force, follows the synchronous grouting of section of jurisdiction backing to reinforce, and propulsion system 7 circulations change step to push ahead, the final tunnel forming by ring pipe sheet built.Described earth pressure balance boring mode is: shield structure is pushed ahead in the process of driving in propulsion system 7, the dregs that combined type cutterhead 1 excavates is full of anterior shield 2 soil pressure storehouses, control the speed of slagging tap of conveying worm 12 simultaneously, by the industrial air mouth 38 on anterior shield 2 dividing plates, make to keep certain air pressure in soil pressure storehouse if desired, finally reach soil pressure and air pressure balance cutterhead face Water And Earth Pressures that the dregs in native storehouse produces; Under boring mode, stabilizer 3, anterior shield oscillating cylinder 31, middle shield oscillating cylinder 15 are regained the work of refusing hereinto, and leading rig 9 can be installed; Earth pressure balance pattern driving utilizes the industrial air mouth 38 being arranged on anterior shield 2 dividing plates to set up part air pressure, balance face Water And Earth Pressures together with soil pressure while setting up as required part air pressure;
Described unlimited boring mode is: by propulsion system 7, provide thrust, by drive system 4, drive combined type cutterhead 1 cutting face ground, the ground falling down enters anterior shield 2 Tu Cang, through conveying worm 12, discharges; The oil cylinder that is arranged in anterior shield 2 upper lefts, upper right in tunneling process is stretched boots formula stabilizer 3, stretches out to be supported on radially with main frame, to move forward in excavation face during driving; Together with the contact point of stabilizer 3 and shield body bottom and excavation face, form triangular support structure, the oil cylinder of stretching boots absorbs the vibration that main frame transmits;
Open type boring mode is used the auxiliary tuning of main frame and deviation correcting device, be specially in anterior shield 2 lower-lefts, beam orientation, bottom right arranges two groups of totally four oscillating cylinders 31, arrange with middle shield 6 middle and lower parts two groups totally 4 middle shield oscillating cylinders 15, for swinging, main frame provides support a little and oscillatory forces, stretch support and the oscillatory forces that boots can provide 260t for every group, can assist turning to and rectifying a deviation of main frame simultaneously; In open type driving; At tail shield 8 housings, swell soil injected system is set outward, in tunneling process, plays lubricated tail shield and ground effect, can reduce the thrust drag of about 600-1000T, reduce tail shield and blocked risk; 0 arranges leading rig 9 at duct piece assembling machine 10 positions, and the leading rig reserved opening 35 on anterior shield 2 dividing plates is parallel to the direction geological exploration of axis, tunnel.
Positive beneficial effect: hard rock shield structure of the present invention, claim again combined type TBM, to take traditional hard rock mole (TBM) as basis, drawn a kind of development machine of principle and the advantage of earth pressure balanced shield, EPBS, be adapted to weak soil, hard rock and soft or hard and replace stratum, be specially the constructing tunnel engineering machinery on silt, sticky, powder, sand, ovum gravel, decomposed rock stratum.Stable to controlling face when soft stratum tunnels, very favourable when ground settlement and assurance construction safety.Hard rock shield structure can adopt open type, two kinds of modes swap constructions of earth pressure balance pattern according to geology and buried depth situation, can be applicable to weak soil, soft rock, hard rock, transition stratum and underground engineering construction equipment alternately simultaneously.The present invention has overcome traditional earth pressure balanced shield, EPBS ground consisting of hard rock and has used the shortcomings such as limited and TBM can not be used in soft soil layer, taken into account hard rock, the advantage of two kinds of boring modes of weak soil, integrate hard rock mole technology and weak soil shield structure technology hard rock shield structure, both there is hard rock speedy drivage function, there is again excavation face equilibrium function, Earth Pressure Balance Shield Technology and TBM are interpenetrated, mutually merge, expanded the geology accommodation of equipment, make separate unit tunneling equipment there is geological adaptability widely, be applicable to the municipal underground engineering construction of the domestic overwhelming majority.Equipment disturbs little to matching operation, can effectively reduce construction risk, has while equipment manufacturing cost cheap, and it is convenient, economical and practical to control.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is main machine structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is for being cutter head structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is main frame anterior shield structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is middle shield structural representation of the present invention;
In figure, be: cutterhead 1; Anterior shield 2; Stabilizer 3; Drive system 4; Pressurize people storehouse system 5; Middle shield 6; Propulsion system 7; Tail shield 8; Leading rig 9; Duct piece assembling machine 10; Section of jurisdiction 11; Conveying worm 12; Belt conveyor 13; Hinged oil cylinder 14; Middle shield oscillating cylinder 15; Screw machine anterior simplified 16; Wear-resisting alloy block 17; Centre revolving joint 18; Otch wearing layer 19; Cutterhead steel work 20; Wear-resisting panel 21; Hobboing cutter 22; Edge doctor 23; Gauge cutter 24; The peripheral wear-resistant block 25 of cutterhead; Cutter head foam mouth 26; Hobboing cutter protection piece 27; Scraper 28; Swell soil mouth 29; Anterior shield housing 30; Anterior shield oscillating cylinder 31; Spiral shell machine early gate 32; Anterior shield stirring rod 33; Swell soil mouth 34; Leading rig reserved opening 35; Water jet 36; Foam mouth 37; Industrial air mouth 38; Soil pressure case 39; Middle shield housing 40; Propelling cylinder 41; Pre-grouting pipe 42; Rice word beam 43.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated:
As Fig. 1, shown in Fig. 2, a kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum, comprise and be positioned at the top cutterhead 1 of shield body, the anterior shield 2 being connected with cutterhead 1, and the middle shield 6 being connected with anterior shield 2, the tail shield 8 being connected with middle shield 6, it is characterized in that: described cutterhead 1 is combined type cutterhead, comprise cutterhead steel work 20, on cutterhead steel work 20, be welded with wear-resisting panel 21 and gauge cutter 24 and be positioned at the peripheral wear-resistant block 25 of cutterhead on gauge cutter 24 sides, on wear-resisting panel 21, be provided with hobboing cutter 22, edge doctor 23 and scraper 28, hobboing cutter 22 has been provided with hobboing cutter protection piece 27 around, meet edge doctor 23 and the scraper 28 of cutterhead bidirectional rotation excavation, cutterhead 1 back is provided with anterior shield stirring rod 33, and cutterhead 1 front and rear is furnished with sediment improvement end port, and described sediment improvement end port is cutter head foam mouth 26, swell soil mouth 29, water jet 36,
As shown in Figure 3, be provided with and be positioned at upper left side and top-right stabilizer 3 on the anterior shield housing 30 of anterior shield 2, stabilizer 3 has and under hard rock geological conditions, all enters to have to absorb main frame effect of vibration, has vibrationproof and stable shield body function when tool changing; And be positioned at lower left and bottom-right two groups and amount to four anterior shield oscillating cylinders 31; Pre-grouting mouth, screw machine early gate 32, swell soil 34, leading rig reserved opening 35, water jet 36, foam mouth 37, industrial air mouth 38, soil pressure case 39, anterior shield stirring rod 33 are also set on the dividing plate being connected with anterior shield housing 30, in anterior shield stirring rod 33, add the netted wear resistance electrode of welding rod; Play action of forced stirring dregs and improved materials, increase dregs mobility, be convenient to slag tap; On anterior shield 2 dividing plates, be furnished with swell soil 34, water jet 36, foam mouth 37, industrial air mouth 38 simultaneously, play if desired the effect of improvement dregs; Anterior shield is reserved with pre-grouting mouth around, while running into breaking surrounding rock in ground consisting of hard rock, can leading rig 9 be set at duct piece assembling machine 10 positions, carries out the operation of advance geologic grouting and reinforcing; On anterior shield dividing plate, be reserved with the leading rig reserved opening 35 being parallel in the direction of axis, tunnel, can carry out advance geologic exploration if desired;
As shown in Figure 1, drive system 4, the centre revolving joint 18 being connected with cutterhead 1 is also set in anterior shield 2, on centre revolving joint 18, be provided with separately independently swell soil and foam passage, centre revolving joint 18 is connected with the soil pressure storehouse in anterior shield 2, and soil pressure storehouse is connected with the pressurize people storehouse system 5 in middle shield 6;
As shown in Figure 4, in the middle shield housing 40 of middle shield 6, be furnished with propelling cylinder 41, between the junction of propelling cylinder 41, be provided with pre-grouting pipe 42, and be arranged in lower left and bottom-right two groups of shield oscillating cylinders 15 that amount to four, front shield oscillating cylinder 31 together its function is to swing by shield body band movable knife disc 1 the replacing space that obtains limit cutter, and in the time of also can tunneling in hard rock geology, secondary master turns to and deviation-correcting function simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 1, described anterior shield 1 is cone-shaped, and is welded with otch wearing layer 19 between anterior and cutterhead 1, increases abrasion resistance.
In the described shield body forming at anterior shield 2, middle shield 6, tail shield 8, be also provided with propulsion system 7, and the conveying worm 12 being connected with anterior shield soil pressure storehouse, and the belt conveyor 13 being connected with conveying worm 12.
8, described middle shield 6 and tail shield are provided with hinged oil cylinder 14, are also provided with duct piece assembling machine 10 in tail shield 8, and the leading rig 9 being connected with duct piece assembling machine 10.
Described conveying worm 12 is shaft type conveyer, can adapt to weak soil and the conveying of hard rock dregs after improvement, the blade being welded on axle is beneficial to and carries loose quarrel soil at simplified interior formation semi-closed structure, the anterior welding-on composite wear-resisting alloy of sharf piece 17, and on composite wear-resisting alloy piece 17 build-up wear-resistant welding rod again; Conveying worm 12 is provided with base slider guiding device, during Welding Repair, remove the coupling flange bolt of screw machine anterior simplified 16 and anterior shield, by artificial road chain, hang and drag screw machine and extract out along slide block device, in main frame to sharf and the anterior simplified repair welding wearing layer that carries out.
Main frame of the present invention has Rock Cutting and weak soil excavation dual-use function, can guarantee that excavation face is stable, equilibrium water soil pressure, reduces ground settlement to greatest extent under soft soil layer EPB boring mode.At hard rock TBM boring mode, divide into get everything ready enough thrust and moment of torsion assurance driving and dregs conveying smoothly.
Drive system of the present invention is reinforced main driving, meets hard rock and tunnels low pile penetration, high rotating speed, high-power driving requires and cutterhead is got rid of poverty required torque;
The present invention arranges leading rig 9 at duct piece assembling machine position, have when open type boring mode passes through unstable country rock stratum by the pre-grouting pipe 42 on middle shield 6, carry out advance boreholes, play pre-grouting geology reinforcement effect, effectively reduce engineering risk.
This equipment can, according to geology characteristic and buried depth situation, can be divided into two kinds of boring modes and construct: earth pressure balance boring mode and unlimited boring mode:
As shown in Figure 1, two kinds of pattern driving common characteristics are: in tunneling process, using anterior shield 2, middle shield 6 as the support of drive system 4 and combined type cutterhead 1, by propulsion system 7, provide thrust for complete machine driving, and drive combined type cutterheads 1 revolution excavation driving by drive system 4; The centre revolving joint 18 that can adapt to combined type cutterhead 1, is provided with separately independently swell soil and foam passage, can before cutterhead, inject swell soil and foam simultaneously, in the first space, the quarrel soil of cutting is stirred and obtains good mixed effect; Dregs through improvement enters anterior shield 2 soil pressure storehouses by combined type cutterhead 1, then is delivered to belt conveyor 13 by conveying worm 12, and then supporting trailer after belt conveyor 13 is delivered to, is then transported outside hole by marshaling or continuous conveyor system.Main frame is coordinated to control by propulsion system 7 provides propulsive force to push ahead, and tunnels forward by the dilatory tail shield 8 of the hinged oil cylinder 14 of many groups; Meanwhile, duct piece assembling machine 10 segment assembly 11 circulations are driving forward, by the section of jurisdiction 11 of laying in advance, for tunneling, provides counter-force, follows the synchronous grouting of section of jurisdiction backing to reinforce, and propulsion system 7 circulations change step to push ahead, the final tunnel forming by ring pipe sheet built.
Earth pressure balance boring mode:
When driving geology is for becoming silted up, when weak soil, the gravel cobble bad ground such as sticky, powder, sand, adopt earth pressure balance pattern driving.Shield structure is pushed ahead in the process of driving in propulsion system 7, the dregs that combined type cutterhead 1 excavates is full of anterior shield 2 soil pressure storehouses, control the speed of slagging tap of conveying worm 12 simultaneously, by the industrial air mouth 38 on anterior shield 2 dividing plates, make to keep in soil pressure storehouse certain air pressure if desired, finally reach soil pressure and air pressure balance cutterhead face Water And Earth Pressures that the dregs in native storehouse produces, prevent that face from caving in, water burst, control to greatest extent ground settlement, reach the object of safe construction.Under boring mode, stabilizer 3, anterior shield oscillating cylinder 31, middle shield oscillating cylinder 15 are regained the work of refusing hereinto, and leading rig 9 can be installed.Anterior shield 2 otch wearing layers 19 can strengthen abrasion resistance herein.When setting up part air pressure, earth pressure balance pattern driving necessity utilize the industrial air mouth 38 being arranged on anterior shield 2 dividing plates to set up part air pressure, balance face Water And Earth Pressures together with soil pressure.Carrying out pressure-maintaining maintenance need to enter native storehouse time, by pressurize people storehouse system 5 as entering native storehouse spatial transition, for operating personnel provides safeguard safely.
Open type boring mode:
When driving stratum is sandstone, when the hard rock stratum that the self-stabilities such as mud stone, slate are good or an interval formation variation are ground consisting of hard rock, cutterhead face is stable, adopts and opens wide boring mode.By propulsion system 7, provide thrust, by drive system 4, drive combined type cutterhead 1 cutting face ground, the ground falling down enters anterior shield 2 Tu Cang, through conveying worm 12, discharges.
Open wide combined type cutterhead 1 in boring mode; comprise cutterhead steel work 20; cutter head structure intensity can meet hard rock driving requirement of strength; on it, be welded with wear-resisting panel 21; adapt to the hobboing cutter 22 that hard rock driving requires; hobboing cutter 22 has cutter protection fast 27 around, meets cutterhead bidirectional rotation excavation and asks edge doctor 23 and scraper 28, and cutter is when wearing and tearing or can change when Different Strata is constructed.The dreg scraping bucket that edge doctor 23 the forms oralia that enters to be cut has wider width, the quarrel soil that enters opening all can be taken away, and its effect is equivalent to the slag plate that slips of hard rock TBM cutterhead, and quarrel soil zone is exported to directly falling spiral shell machine blade place behind top.Cutterhead back is provided with initiatively stirring rod, cutterhead front and rear is furnished with sediment improvement end port as foam mouth 26, swell soil mouth 29, can improve dregs mobility, be convenient to slag tap, prevent dregs bonding, reduce the several functions such as wearing and tearing of native storehouse panel and follow-up dregs conveying device conveying worm.The water jet of arranging on combined type cutterhead 1 can reduce scar temperature when hobboing cutter breaking surrounding rock, reduces the too fast abrasive action of cutter, reduces the incrusted probability of cutter.The functions such as this series of measures can improve the ability that cutter adapts to face, improvement dregs, guarantee that cutterhead can adapt to the requirement of different geo-logical terrain driving.
The oil cylinder that is arranged in anterior shield 2 upper lefts, upper right in its open mode tunneling process is stretched boots formula stabilizer 3, stretches out to be supported on radially with main frame, to move forward in excavation face during driving.Together with the contact point of stabilizer 3 and shield body bottom and excavation face, form triangular support structure, the oil cylinder of stretching boots can absorb the vibration that main frame transmits, and tool setting disc vibration forms semi-rigid constraint, can effectively reduce vibration and the noise of cutterhead.Owing to having increased obligatory point, increase the frictional force of shield body and excavation face to obtain larger reaction torque simultaneously, reduced the Rolling Velocity Aerocraft that shield body causes due to cutterhead 1 moment of torsion.During as shield body generation rolling, cutterhead 1 can rotate excavation driving round about, makes shield body progressively get back to normal position.
Open type boring mode is used the auxiliary tuning of main frame and deviation correcting device.Be specially in anterior shield 2 lower-lefts, beam orientation, bottom right arranges two groups of totally four oscillating cylinders 31, arrange with middle shield 6 middle and lower parts two groups totally 4 middle shield oscillating cylinders 15, for swinging, main frame provides support a little and oscillatory forces, stretch support and the oscillatory forces that boots can provide 260t for every group, its function is to drive combined type cutterhead 1 to swing the replacing space that obtains limit cutter by shield body.Also can assist where necessary turning to and rectifying a deviation of main frame simultaneously.
In open type driving, in order to prevent that card shield from arranging swell soil injected system outward at tail shield 8 housings, in tunneling process, play lubricated tail shield and ground effect, can reduce the thrust drag of about 600-1000T, reduce tail shield and blocked risk.
Open wide in boring mode as run into breaking surrounding rock, while needing advance geologic to reinforce, 0 arranges leading rig 9 at duct piece assembling machine 10 positions, has and when passing through unstable country rock stratum, carries out advance boreholes, pre-grouting geology reinforcement effect, effectively reduces engineering construction risk.In the time need to carrying out advance geologic exploration, utilize the leading rig reserved opening 35 being arranged on anterior shield 2 dividing plates to be parallel to the direction geological exploration of axis, tunnel.
Hard rock shield structure of the present invention, claim again combined type TBM, to take traditional hard rock mole (TBM) as basis, drawn a kind of development machine of principle and the advantage of earth pressure balanced shield, EPBS, be adapted to weak soil, hard rock and soft or hard and replace stratum, be specially the constructing tunnel engineering machinery on silt, sticky, powder, sand, ovum gravel, decomposed rock stratum.Stable to controlling face when soft stratum tunnels, very favourable when ground settlement and assurance construction safety.Hard rock shield structure can adopt open type, two kinds of modes swap constructions of earth pressure balance pattern according to geology and buried depth situation, can be applicable to weak soil, soft rock, hard rock, transition stratum and underground engineering construction equipment alternately simultaneously.The present invention has overcome traditional earth pressure balanced shield, EPBS ground consisting of hard rock and has used the shortcomings such as limited and TBM can not be used in soft soil layer, taken into account hard rock, the advantage of two kinds of boring modes of weak soil, integrate hard rock mole technology and weak soil shield structure technology hard rock shield structure, both there is hard rock speedy drivage function, there is again excavation face equilibrium function, Earth Pressure Balance Shield Technology and TBM are interpenetrated, mutually merge, expanded the geology accommodation of equipment, make separate unit tunneling equipment there is geological adaptability widely, be applicable to the municipal underground engineering construction of the domestic overwhelming majority.Equipment disturbs little to matching operation, can effectively reduce construction risk, has while equipment manufacturing cost cheap, and it is convenient, economical and practical to control.
Above embodiment is only for illustrating the preferred embodiment of the present invention; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; in the ken possessing at described field those of ordinary skill; it any modification of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and substitutes and improvement etc., within all should be encompassed in the technical scheme scope that the present invention asks for protection.
Claims (7)
1. a hard rock combined type TBM who is applicable to compound stratum, comprise and be positioned at the top cutterhead of shield body (1), the anterior shield (2) being connected with cutterhead (1), and the middle shield (6) being connected with anterior shield (2), the tail shield (8) being connected with middle shield (6), it is characterized in that: described cutterhead (1) is combined type cutterhead, comprise cutterhead steel work (20), on cutterhead steel work (20), be welded with wear-resisting panel (21) and gauge cutter (24) and be positioned at the peripheral wear-resistant block (25) of cutterhead on gauge cutter (24) side, on wear-resisting panel (21), be provided with hobboing cutter (22), edge doctor (23) and scraper (28), hobboing cutter (22) is provided with hobboing cutter protection piece (27) around, meet edge doctor (23) and the scraper (28) of cutterhead bidirectional rotation excavation, cutterhead (1) back is provided with anterior shield stirring rod (33), and cutterhead (1) front and rear is furnished with sediment improvement end port, described sediment improvement end port is cutter head foam mouth (26), swell soil mouth (29), water jet (36),
On the anterior shield housing (30) of described anterior shield (2), be provided with and be positioned at upper left side and top-right stabilizer (3), and be positioned at lower left and bottom-right two groups and amount to four anterior shield oscillating cylinders (31); On the dividing plate being connected with anterior shield housing (30), be also provided with pre-grouting mouth, screw machine early gate (32), swell soil (34), leading rig reserved opening (35), water jet (36), foam mouth (37), industrial air mouth (38), soil pressure case (39), anterior shield stirring rod (33), in anterior shield stirring rod (33), add the netted wear resistance electrode of welding rod.
2. a kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the middle shield housing (40) of described middle shield (6), be furnished with propelling cylinder (41), between the junction of propelling cylinder (41), be provided with pre-grouting pipe (42), and be arranged in lower left and bottom-right two groups of shield oscillating cylinders (15) that amount to four.
3. a kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described anterior shield (1) is cone-shaped, and is welded with otch wearing layer (19) between anterior and cutterhead (1).
4. a kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described tail shield (8), be also provided with duct piece assembling machine (10), and the leading rig (9) being connected with duct piece assembling machine (10).
5. a kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that comprising earth pressure balance boring mode and unlimited boring mode, two kinds of pattern driving common characteristics are: in tunneling process, using the support as drive system (4) and combined type cutterhead (1) of anterior shield (2), middle shield (6), by propulsion system (7), for complete machine tunnels, provide thrust, and drive combined type cutterhead (1) revolution excavation driving by drive system (4); The centre revolving joint (18) that can adapt to combined type cutterhead (1), be provided with separately independently swell soil and foam passage, can to cutterhead (1), inject swell soil and foam above, in the first space, the quarrel soil of cutting is stirred and obtains good mixed effect simultaneously; Dregs through improvement enters anterior shield (2) soil pressure storehouse by combined type cutterhead (1), by conveying worm (12), be delivered to belt conveyor (13) again, then supporting trailer after belt conveyor (13) is delivered to, is then transported outside hole by marshaling or continuous conveyor system; Main frame is coordinated to control by propulsion system (7) provides propulsive force to push ahead, and tunnels forward by the dilatory tail shield (8) of the hinged oil cylinder of many groups (14); Simultaneously, duct piece assembling machine (10) segment assembly (11) circulation is driving forward, by the section of jurisdiction of laying in advance (11), for tunneling, provides counter-force, follows the synchronous grouting of section of jurisdiction (11) backing to reinforce, propulsion system (7) circulation changes step to push ahead, the final tunnel forming by ring pipe sheet built.
6. a kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described earth pressure balance boring mode, shield structure is pushed ahead in the process of driving in propulsion system (7), the dregs that combined type cutterhead (1) excavates is full of anterior shield (2) soil pressure storehouse, control the speed of slagging tap of conveying worm (12) simultaneously, by the industrial air mouth (38) on anterior shield (2) dividing plate, make the certain air pressure of maintenance in soil pressure storehouse if desired, finally reach soil pressure and air pressure balance cutterhead face Water And Earth Pressures that the dregs in native storehouse produces, under boring mode, stabilizer (3), anterior shield oscillating cylinder (31), middle shield oscillating cylinder (15) are regained the work of refusing hereinto, and leading rig (9) wouldn't be installed, earth pressure balance pattern driving utilizes the industrial air mouth (38) being arranged on anterior shield (2) dividing plate to set up part air pressure, balance face Water And Earth Pressures together with soil pressure while setting up as required part air pressure.
7. a kind of hard rock combined type TBM that is applicable to compound stratum according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described unlimited boring mode, by propulsion system (7), provide thrust, by drive system (4), drive combined type cutterhead (1) cutting face ground, the ground falling down enters anterior shield (2) Tu Cang, through conveying worm (12), discharges; The oil cylinder that is arranged in anterior shield (2) upper left, upper right in tunneling process is stretched boots formula stabilizer (3), stretches out to be supported on radially with main frame, to move forward in excavation face during driving; Together with the contact point of stabilizer (3) and shield body bottom and excavation face, form triangular support structure, the oil cylinder of stretching boots absorbs the vibration that main frame transmits;
Open type boring mode is used the auxiliary tuning of main frame and deviation correcting device, be specially and in anterior shield (2) lower-left, beam orientation, bottom right, arrange two groups of totally four oscillating cylinders (31), arrange with middle shield (6) middle and lower part two groups totally 4 middle shield oscillating cylinders (15), for swinging, main frame provides support a little and oscillatory forces, stretch support and the oscillatory forces that boots can provide 260t for every group, can assist turning to and rectifying a deviation of main frame simultaneously; In open type driving; At tail shield (8) housing, swell soil injected system is set outward, in tunneling process, plays lubricated tail shield and ground effect; At duct piece assembling machine (10) position, arrange leading rig (9), the leading rig reserved opening (35) on anterior shield (2) dividing plate is parallel to the direction geological exploration of axis, tunnel.
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