CN102357633B - Method for manufacturing nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge piece - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of forge process, and provides a method for manufacturing a nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge piece. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) inspecting nickel-based high-temperature alloy raw materials, including re-inspection of chemical components and inspection of steel ingot surface; (2) blanking by adopting a sawing machine sawing method or a chopper hot chopping method; (3) heating the steel ingot; (4) cogging and performing forge deformation treatment; (5) performing last but one heating number forging and last heating number forging; (6) rough processing; (7) heat treating; (8) testing mechanical performance; (9) detecting faults with ultrasonic wave; and (10) inspecting products. According to the manufacturing method provided by the invention, home-made manufacture of nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge pieces achieves a success, utilization of China to the nickel-based high-temperature alloy is broken through, and the quality and grade of products of China can be improved, the requirement of domestic market for high-quality valve rods and valve discs of a steam turbine, seal rings in various specifications and critical parts in aerospace field can be fulfilled, and the competitive capability of native enterprises in the international market can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the Forging Technology technical field, specifically, is a kind of manufacture method of nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge piece.
Background technology
Nickel base superalloy (NiCr20TiAl) is take nickel-chromium as matrix, add the high temperature alloy of aluminium, the dispersion-strengtherning of titanium formation γ ' phase, serviceability temperature 700-800 ℃, have good high temperature and creep resistance, anti-lax and antioxygenic property at 650-850 ℃, be mainly used at present the valve rod valve disc of 1,000,000 grade supercritical turbines, the sealing ring of all size and the manufacturing that aviation field is made the strength members such as engine rotor blade.Nickel base superalloy room temperature texture is austenite, and wherein the content of chromium is very high, and for obtaining higher hardness number, wherein the content of titanium and aluminium generally near higher limit, is a kind of Ni-based supertherm, has very high heat resistance.But because intensity under high temperature is high, resistance of deformation is very large, therefore, just increases the difficulty (seeing accompanying drawing 2 " the stress strain curve figure of nickel-base high-temperature alloy material ") of its forging and molding.At present, the maturation process of nickel base superalloy in the forging production process is not familiar with by industry, only has only a few enterprise to grasp this technology.Do not have this new material to forge and the process of thermal treatment technology before China, therefore, there is no relevant technical standard yet.
Before this, we mostly adopt bar directly to be processed into the manufacture method of part in the manufacturing of the sealing ring of steam turbine valve rod valve disc, all size and aviation field strength member, therefore, product quality often also can not get guaranteeing except causing a large amount of meaningless steel consumptions.Sometimes just directly from external import, except time and money, key is that the enterprise of being beyond the control of us decides.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of manufacture method of nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge piece,
Can avoid the forging after-baking distortion of blank forged piece with the method, reduce manufacturing process, shorten the production cycle, reduce energy consumption, and provide reliable foundation for follow-up production.
Research is learnt: different from general nickel-base alloy, nickel base superalloy (NiCr20TiAl) is along with the raising of temperature, and its plasticity is obvious downward trend, but the decline of its tensile strength and yield strength is not but clearly.Therefore, the feature that the nickel base superalloy plastic degeneration is poor, resistance of deformation is large causes suitable difficulty to hot forging forming.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme taked of the present invention is:
A kind of manufacture method of nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge piece is characterized in that, comprises following steps:
(1) inspection of raw and process materials
The nickel base superalloy inspection of raw and process materials comprises the reinspection of chemical composition and the inspection of surface of steel ingot;
(2) blanking
The method that adopts sawing machine sawing or die heat to cut is carried out;
(3) heating
Steel ingot is heated, and its treatment step is:
1. Heating Steel Ingots is advanced stove to≤300 ℃, heat slowly to 800 ℃, the time is no less than 4 hours;
2. be incubated when steel ingot reaches 800 ℃, the time is no less than 3.8 hours;
3. then be rapidly heated, be warming up to 1150 ℃ by 800 ℃, the time is no less than 3.8 hours;
4. be incubated when steel ingot reaches 1130～1150 ℃, the time is no less than 3.5 hours;
5. then carry out air cooling;
Make steel ingot reach desired mechanical performance index by heat treated;
(4) cogging and carry out forging deformation and process
Starting stage, steel ingot or heating steel billet to austenite structure state to be carried out upsetting pull forge, forging ratio reaches 〉=and 3.5, initial forging temperature is 1150 ℃, final forging temperature is 950 ℃; Each heat time heating time 〉=1 hour;
(5) forge
1. the forgings of end two fire time, adopt end two fire to carry out sub-material to forging stock, each cross section reserved 20～25% deflection guaranteeing the deflection in last fire time each cross section, and enough forging times are arranged in 1150～950 ℃;
2. the forging of last fire time is controlled at 1150 ℃ and guarantee heat penetration with the forging stock temperature, adopts the pulling operation that forging stock each cross section is forged, and forging stock is forged to the forging ' s block dimension of setting; When forging bar section cross section, light hammering to pack continuous transposition, avoid the temperature rise that forging stock is fast because of deformation velocity, deflection causes greatly, make forging stock remain on the temperature range of 1030～1000 ℃, in order to avoid the core cracking;
(6) roughing
Size by roughing figure regulation is carried out turning processing to forging stock;
(7) heat treatment
Heat treatment: 1060 ℃ of solid solutions are incubated 8 hours, air cooling;
850 ℃ of timeliness are incubated 24 hours, air cooling;
700 ℃ of precipitation-hardenings are incubated 16 hours, air cooling;
(8) Mechanics Performance Testing
The sample that extracts the forging end face by the requirement of roughing figure carries out Mechanics Performance Testing, and test index comprises: yield strength, tensile strength, percentage elongation, just shellfish (v-notch) ballistic work, ballistic work;
(9) ultrasonic examination (UT)
Forging by Mechanics Performance Testing is carried out ultrasonic examination, and ultrasonic examination is undertaken by the regulation of EN10308-3 credit rating 3;
(10) examination and test of products
After the assay was approved, product has just been completed.
In the forging process of step (5), steel ingot is carried out 2～3 upsetting pulls, make forging ratio reach technique required 3.5～4.0; Make the whole forging of forging thoroughly, even tissue, densification also guarantee mechanical property.
In step (5) forging process 2., must rotation touch at the beginning of steel ingot distortion, after treating that the tissue of ingot casting is broken, plasticity makes moderate progress and improving, then heating-up temperature is improved 10 ℃, but sledgehammer strike at this moment, to accelerate deformation velocity and deflection.
In step (5) forging process 2., the inferior deflection of last fire will be controlled between 20～25%, will control deformation velocity simultaneously, avoids because being out of shape the too fast forging temperature rising that causes.
The good effect of the manufacture method of nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge piece of the present invention is:
(1) nickel base superalloy (NiCr20TiAl) is expensive, the success that its localization is made, the domestic market can not only be satisfied to the sealing ring of high-quality steam turbine valve rod valve disc, all size and the demand of aviation field strength member, domestic enterprise's competitiveness in the international market can also be improved;
(2) reduced in the past a large amount of consumption of special steel material, reduced production cost, also made our product can improve quality and class.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the FB(flow block) of the manufacture method of nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge piece of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the stress strain curve figure of nickel-base high-temperature alloy material;
Fig. 3 is the heating schedule figure of nickel base superalloy;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of nickel base superalloy valve setting valve rod forging.
The specific embodiment
Provide the specific embodiment of the manufacture method of nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge piece of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, still, enforcement of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1.A kind of manufacture method of nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge piece comprises following steps,
(1) inspection of raw and process materials
The nickel base superalloy inspection of raw and process materials comprises the reinspection (pressing TLV952011) of chemical composition and the inspection of surface of steel ingot.
(2) blanking
The method that adopts sawing machine sawing or die heat to cut is carried out.
(3) heating
Steel ingot is heated, and its treatment step is (seeing accompanying drawing 3 " the heating schedule figure of nickel base superalloy "):
1. Heating Steel Ingots is advanced stove to≤300 ℃, heat slowly to 800 ℃, the time is 4 hours;
2. be incubated when steel ingot reaches 800 ℃, be incubated 3.8 hours;
3. then be rapidly heated, be warming up to 1150 ℃ by 800 ℃, the time is 3.8 hours;
4. be incubated when steel ingot reaches 1130～1150 ℃, be incubated 3.5 hours;
5. then carry out air cooling;
Make steel ingot reach desired mechanical performance index by heat treated.
(4) cogging and carry out forging deformation and process
Starting stage, steel ingot or heating steel billet to austenite structure state to be carried out upsetting pull forge, forging ratio reaches 〉=and 3.5, initial forging temperature is 1150 ℃, final forging temperature is 950 ℃; Each heat time heating time 〉=1 hour.
(5) forge
1. the forgings of end two fire time, adopt end two fire to carry out sub-material to forging stock, each cross section reserved 20～25% deflection guaranteeing the deflection in last fire time each cross section, and enough forging times are arranged in 1150～950 ℃;
2. the forging of last fire time is controlled at 1150 ℃ and guarantee heat penetration with the forging stock temperature, adopts the pulling operation that forging stock each cross section is forged, and forging stock is forged to the forging ' s block dimension of setting; Attention: when forging bar section cross section, light hammering to pack continuous transposition, avoid the temperature rise that forging stock is fast because of deformation velocity and deflection causes greatly, make forging stock remain on the temperature range of 1030～1000 ℃, in order to avoid the core cracking.
In step (5) forging process 2., need to carry out 2 or 3 upsetting pulls to steel ingot, make forging ratio reach technique required 3.5～4.0, make that forging is whole to be forged thoroughly, even tissue, densification also guarantee mechanical property.
In step (5) forging process 2., must rotation touch at the beginning of steel ingot distortion, after treating that the tissue of ingot casting is broken, plasticity makes moderate progress and improving, then heating-up temperature is improved 10 ℃, but sledgehammer strike at this moment, to accelerate deformation velocity and deflection.
In step (5) forging process 2., the inferior deflection of last fire will be controlled between 20～25%, will control deformation velocity simultaneously, avoids because being out of shape the too fast forging temperature rising that causes.The temperature of forging deformation final stage and cooling velocity are determining the size dimension of crystal grain, and have influence on mechanical property of nickel base superalloy valve setting valve rod forging (seeing accompanying drawing 4) etc.
(6) roughing
Size by roughing figure regulation is carried out turning processing to forging stock.
(7) heat treatment
Heat treatment: 1060 ℃ of solid solutions are incubated 8 hours, air cooling;
850 ℃ of timeliness are incubated 24 hours, air cooling;
700 ℃ of precipitation-hardenings are incubated 16 hours, air cooling.
(8) Mechanics Performance Testing
The sample that extracts the forging end face by the requirement of roughing figure carries out Mechanics Performance Testing, and test index comprises: yield strength, tensile strength, percentage elongation, just shellfish (v-notch) ballistic work, ballistic work.
(9) ultrasonic examination (UT)
Forging by Mechanics Performance Testing is carried out ultrasonic examination, and ultrasonic examination is undertaken by the regulation of EN10308-3 credit rating 3.
(10) examination and test of products
After the assay was approved, product has just been completed.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the manufacture method of a nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge piece, described nickel base superalloy is the NiCr20TiAl alloy, it is characterized in that, comprises following steps:
(1) inspection of raw and process materials
The nickel base superalloy inspection of raw and process materials comprises the reinspection of chemical composition and the inspection of steel ingot or billet surface;
(2) blanking
The method that adopts sawing machine sawing or die heat to cut is carried out;
(3) heating
Steel ingot or steel billet are heated, and its treatment step is:
1. steel ingot or heating steel billet are advanced stove to≤300 ℃, heat slowly to 800 ℃, the time is no less than 4 hours;
2. be incubated when steel ingot or steel billet reach 800 ℃, the time is no less than 3.8 hours;
3. then be rapidly heated, be warming up to 1150 ℃ by 800 ℃, the time is no less than 3.8 hours;
4. be incubated when steel ingot or steel billet reach 1130～1150 ℃, the time is no less than 3.5 hours;
5. then carry out air cooling;
Make steel ingot or steel billet reach desired mechanical performance index by heat treated;
(4) cogging and carry out forging deformation and process
Starting stage, steel ingot or heating steel billet to austenite structure state to be carried out upsetting pull forge, forging ratio reaches 〉=and 3.5, initial forging temperature is 1150 ℃, final forging temperature is 950 ℃; Each heat time heating time 〉=1 hour;
(5) forge
1. the forgings of end two fire time, adopt end two fire to carry out sub-material to forging, each cross section reserved 20～25% deflection guaranteeing the deflection in last fire time each cross section, and enough forging times are arranged in 1150～950 ℃;
2. the forging of last fire time is controlled at 1150 ℃ and guarantee heat penetration with the forging temperature, adopts the pulling operation that forging each cross section is forged, with forging to the forging ' s block dimension of setting; When forging bar section cross section, light hammering to pack continuous transposition, avoid the temperature rise that forging is fast because of deformation velocity, deflection causes greatly, make forging remain on the temperature range of 1030～1000 ℃, in order to avoid the core cracking;
(6) roughing
Size by roughing figure regulation is carried out turning processing to forging;
(7) heat treatment
Heat treatment: 1060 ℃ of solid solutions are incubated 8 hours, air cooling;
850 ℃ of timeliness are incubated 24 hours, air cooling;
700 ℃ of precipitation-hardenings are incubated 16 hours, air cooling;
(8) Mechanics Performance Testing
The sample that extracts the forging end face by the requirement of roughing figure carries out Mechanics Performance Testing, and test index comprises: yield strength, tensile strength, percentage elongation, just shellfish ballistic work, ballistic work;
(9) ultrasonic examination
Forging by Mechanics Performance Testing is carried out ultrasonic examination, and ultrasonic examination is undertaken by the regulation of EN10308 credit rating 3;
(10) examination and test of products
After the assay was approved, product has just been completed.
2. the manufacture method of nickel-based high-temperature alloy forge piece according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (5) forging process 2., the inferior deflection of last fire will be controlled between 20～25%, to control deformation velocity simultaneously, avoid because being out of shape the too fast forging temperature rising that causes.
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