CN102355258B - Low-phase noise quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator based on injection locked frequency multiplier - Google Patents
Low-phase noise quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator based on injection locked frequency multiplier Download PDFInfo
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- CN102355258B CN102355258B CN2011102206363A CN201110220636A CN102355258B CN 102355258 B CN102355258 B CN 102355258B CN 2011102206363 A CN2011102206363 A CN 2011102206363A CN 201110220636 A CN201110220636 A CN 201110220636A CN 102355258 B CN102355258 B CN 102355258B
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- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
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Abstract
The invention, which belongs to the integrated circuit technology field of a radio frequency wireless receiver, relates to a low-phase noise quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator based on an injection locked frequency multiplier; and the quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator can be applied to a wireless receiver integrated circuit. The quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator comprises: twovoltage-controlled oscillators, which work at a fundamental frequency f0; two pairs of coupling tubes; and a voltage-controlled oscillator, which works at second harmonic generation 2f0. Besides, thecoupling tubes and the voltage-controlled oscillator with a working frequency of 2f0 form an injection locked frequency multiplier. According to the invention, a phase noise is determined by a difference voltage-controlled oscillator with a working frequency of f0 and a phase error is determined by an injection locked frequency multiplier. Moreover, the low-phase noise quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator provided in the invention is not different from the traditional quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator; more particularly, there is no compromising relation between a phase noise and aphase error in the low-phase noise quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator, so that low phase noises can be realized on the premise that a high phase precision is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless radiofrequency receiver ic technical field, be specifically related to a kind of low orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator (Quadrature Voltage-Controlled Oscillator, QVCO) of making an uproar mutually that is applied to the wireless receiver frequency synthesizer.
Background technology
Along with the development of wireless communication technology, zero intermediate frequency and Low Medium Frequency wireless radiofrequency receiver are widely used.And these two kinds of receiver structures need orthogonal signalling to realize that mirror image suppresses and demodulation.The method that produces orthogonal signalling generally has following several:
(1) RC phase-shift network: at first design a differential voltage controlled oscillator, then the output of voltage controlled oscillator is delivered to and realized orthogonal signalling output in the RC phase-shift network.The orthogonality of the signal that obtains of this method is poor, and power dissipation ratio is larger.
(2) 2 frequency dividers: at first design a voltage controlled oscillator that is operated in two frequencys multiplication, then output signal is delivered to and delivered to respectively in two 2 frequency dividers, obtain orthogonal signalling.The power consumption that this method consumes is very large, and the phase of output signal error is also larger, adds the voltage controlled oscillator that needs a high frequency of design, and design difficulty is high.
(3) transistors couple: adopt tube coupling that two differential signals are coupled.Simple in structure, but the quadrature tube coupling can be introduced extra noise, exists compromise between phase noise and the phase accuracy.
(4) transformer coupled: as to adopt transformer-coupled method, so that there is one 180 ° phase shift in the second harmonic of two differential voltage controlled oscillators, realize orthogonal signalling output.Phase noise is low, and orthogonality is good, but transformer need to take a lot of areas.
In sum, the design of orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator mainly is to trade off between these four amounts of phase noise, phase accuracy, area and power consumption.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of realizing low phase noise output under a kind of prerequisite that guarantees high phase accuracy.
Voltage controlled oscillator provided by the invention is a kind of low orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of making an uproar mutually based on injection locked frequency multiplier, and it is operated in fundamental frequency f by two
0Differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO1, VCO2) and injection locked frequency multiplier consist of.Wherein, injection locked frequency multiplier comprises that again two pairs of tube couplings (M5-M6, M7-M8) and one are operated in two frequency multiplication 2f
0Differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO3).The negative resistance generator of the first differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO1) is managed (M1 and M2) cross-couplings by 2 NMOS and is connected to form, the negative resistance generator of the second differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO2) is managed (M3 and M4) cross-couplings by 2 NMOS and is connected to form, and the negative resistance generator of the 3rd differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO3) is managed (M9 and M10) cross-couplings by 2 NMOS and connected to form; Two pairs of tube couplings (M5-M6, M7-M8) are made of the NMOS pipe, wherein the grid of first pair of tube coupling (M5-M6) connects the output of the second differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO2), the output DP of the 3rd differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO3) is received in drain electrode, and source electrode connects the common source of 2 NMOS pipes (M1 and M2); The grid of second pair of tube coupling (M7-M8) connects the output of the first differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO1), and the output DN of the 3rd differential voltage controlled oscillator (VCO3) is received in drain electrode, and source electrode connects the in addition common source of 2 NMOS pipes (M3 and M4).
In this structure, tube coupling guarantees that on the one hand two frequencies are f
0Pressuring controlling oscillator frequency equate, realize simultaneously the orthogonal signalling that phase error is larger; Can be used as again on the other hand the second harmonic that frequency multiplier obtains the output signal of two fundamental frequency voltage controlled oscillators.The second harmonic that two frequency multipliers are obtained is injected in the two frequency multiplication voltage controlled oscillators, by adjusting the resonance frequency of this two frequencys multiplication voltage controlled oscillator, guarantees that injection locking can realize.Finally, the phase place of the output signal of frequency multiplier is fixed, and differs stable and remain on 180 °.The output that so just can guarantee the fundamental frequency voltage controlled oscillator is quadrature.
The basic structure of the differential voltage controlled oscillator that comprises in the orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of the present invention is identical, all comprises:
(a 1) on-chip inductor electric capacity (LC) resonator;
(2) be used for frequency of oscillation is carried out variable capacitance on the tuning sheet;
(3) the negative resistance generator that is formed by connecting by 2 NMOS pipe cross-couplings;
(4) be used for providing the tail current source of bias current to voltage controlled oscillator.
Orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of the present invention can by changing the appearance value of variable capacitance, be regulated the output frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator that is operated in fundamental frequency.
Orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of the present invention can by changing the appearance value of variable capacitance, be regulated the output frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator that is operated in two frequencys multiplication and the orthogonality of orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator output signal.
Orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of the present invention can also be realized the function of frequency multiplier when realizing the low voltage controlled oscillator of making an uproar mutually.
Outstanding improvement of the present invention is that mainly orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator adopts new quadrature implementation, and wherein phase noise is to be determined by the differential voltage controlled oscillator that is operated in fundamental frequency, and phase accuracy is determined by injection locked frequency multiplier.There is not trade-off relation between phase noise and the phase accuracy, can guaranteeing under the high phase accuracy, realize low phase noise output.Because orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of the present invention needs the voltage controlled oscillator of an extra high frequency, can be slightly larger than the orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of traditional usefulness transistors couple on power consumption and the area.
Description of drawings
The orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of Fig. 1 traditional structure.
The orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator schematic diagram of Fig. 2 traditional structure.
The structural representation of Fig. 3 voltage controlled oscillator based on injection locked frequency multiplier of the present invention.
The schematic diagram of Fig. 4 orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of the present invention.
The quadrature output waveform of Fig. 5 voltage controlled oscillator.
The comparison diagram of making an uproar mutually of Fig. 6 voltage controlled oscillator.
The Monte Carlo of Fig. 7 phase relation is analyzed.
Embodiment
Describe below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
As shown in Figure 1, traditional orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator is made of two differential voltage controlled oscillator VCO1 and VCO2 and the two couples of tube coupling M1-M2 and M3-M4.Wherein M5-M6 and M7-M8 are that dynatron is used for keeping vibration.Basic principle as shown in Figure 2, the cross-couplings mode can be introduced one 180 ° phase shift, according to Barkhausen criterion, the phase shift that whole loop is introduced is the integral multiple of 2 π.Suppose that then the phase shift that two voltage controlled oscillators are introduced equates all to be Φ, satisfies 2 Φ+π=2 π, i.e. Φ=pi/2.For traditional orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator, coupling coefficient k=Iinj/Iosc is larger, and orthogonality is better.But Injection Current can cause the Q value of inductance capacitance resonant cavity to reduce, and then worsens the phase noise of voltage controlled oscillator.
As shown in Figure 3, the voltage controlled oscillator based on injection locked frequency multiplier of the present invention comprises three fully differential voltage controlled oscillators.Wherein voltage controlled oscillator VCO 1, VCO2 are operated in fundamental frequency, and VCO3 is operated in two frequencys multiplication.M1-M4 and M9-M10 are that dynatron is used for respectively keeping corresponding voltage controlled oscillator vibration.M5-M6 and M7-M8 are tube coupling, can be used as simultaneously frequency multiplier.The operation principle of this voltage controlled oscillator is described in conjunction with Fig. 4.The phase place of supposing the VCO1 output signal is φ and φ+π, and the phase place of VCO2 output signal is θ and θ+π.M5-M6 consists of frequency multiplier 1, and M7-M8 consists of frequency multiplier 2.The phase place of the drain terminal of frequency multiplier 1 and source output signal is respectively 2 φ and 2 φ+2 π.The phase place of the drain terminal of frequency multiplier 2 and source output signal is respectively 2 θ and 2 θ+2 π.The drain terminal signal injection of frequency multiplication 1 and frequency multiplier 2 is to the output of VCO3, and the source signal injection is to common-mode point A and B place.The source Injection Signal can guarantee that the output frequency of two VCO equates, can realize the orthogonal signalling that phase error is larger simultaneously.By adjusting VCTRL2, to change the resonance frequency of VCO3, be injected into the signal of VCO3, can constantly adjust corresponding phase place.If injection locking can realize that the phase place of frequency multiplier drain terminal output signal is fixed, both keep 180 ° phase difference, i.e. 2 φ=2 θ ± π.So, the phase=θ of VCO1 and VCO3 output signal ± pi/2 namely can realize quadrature.Orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of the present invention is not to inject coupling by electric current, and the Q value that is operated in the inductance capacitance resonant cavity in the voltage controlled oscillator of fundamental frequency can not reduce, and namely makes an uproar mutually and can not worsen.
Fig. 5 is the quadrature output waveform of this orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator.Fig. 6 is the comparison diagram of making an uproar mutually, can find, the curve of making an uproar mutually based on the voltage controlled oscillator of injection locked frequency multiplier of this invention almost overlaps with the curve of making an uproar mutually of the voltage controlled oscillator of difference, is lower than simultaneously the making an uproar mutually of orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of traditional structure.Fig. 7 is that the Monte Carlo of phase relation is analyzed, and wherein (a) figure is the phase relation that traditional orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator is exported, phase relation of figure (b) this voltage controlled oscillator output when VCTRL2 is 1V.The output phase mean value of traditional orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator is 90.0038 °, and standard deviation is 336.485m; The output phase mean value of the voltage controlled oscillator that this invention proposes is 90.0022 °, and standard deviation is 308.353m.The standard deviation of the output phase of this voltage controlled oscillator proves that less than the standard deviation of traditional structure output phase the phase place accuracy of this voltage controlled oscillator will be higher than traditional structure.Fig. 7 (b)-(d) expression be output phase relation under different VCTRL2 conditions, can find that phase accuracy changes along with the change of control voltage.This shows, can improve by the value of regulating VCTRL2 the orthogonality of voltage controlled oscillator output in the side circuit test process.
Claims (2)
1. the low orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator of making an uproar mutually based on injection locked frequency multiplier is characterized in that being operated in fundamental frequency f by two
0Differential voltage controlled oscillator VCO1, VCO2 and injection locked frequency multiplier consist of; Wherein, described injection locked frequency multiplier comprises that again two couples of tube coupling M5-M6, M7-M8 and one are operated in two frequency multiplication 2f
0Differential voltage controlled oscillator VCO3; The negative resistance generator of the first differential voltage controlled oscillator VCO1 is connected to form by 2 NMOS pipe M1 and M2 cross-couplings, the negative resistance generator of the second differential voltage controlled oscillator VCO2 is connected to form by 2 NMOS pipe M3 and M4 cross-couplings, and the negative resistance generator of the 3rd differential voltage controlled oscillator VCO3 is connected to form by 2 NMOS pipe M9 and M10 cross-couplings; Described two couples of tube coupling M5-M6, M7-M8 are made of the NMOS pipe, wherein, the grid of first couple of tube coupling M5-M6 connects the output of the second differential voltage controlled oscillator VCO2, the output DP of the 3rd differential voltage controlled oscillator VCO3 is received in drain electrode, and source electrode connects 2 NMOS pipe M1 of negative resistance generator of the first differential voltage controlled oscillator VCO1 and the common source of M2; The grid of second couple of tube coupling M7-M8 connects the output of the first differential voltage controlled oscillator VCO1, the output DN of the 3rd differential voltage controlled oscillator VCO3 is received in drain electrode, and source electrode connects 2 NMOS pipe M3 of negative resistance generator of the second differential voltage controlled oscillator VCO2 and the common source of M4;
Described f
0Free oscillation device frequency for differential voltage controlled oscillator VCO1, VCO2.
2. orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator according to claim 1 is characterized in that each voltage controlled oscillator includes:
(1) on-chip inductor electric capacity LC resonator;
(2) be used for frequency of oscillation is carried out variable capacitance on the tuning sheet;
(3) the negative resistance generator that is formed by connecting by 2 NMOS pipe cross-couplings;
(4) be used for providing the tail current source of bias current to voltage controlled oscillator.
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| CN103475310B (en) * | 2013-09-21 | 2017-01-11 | 复旦大学 | Low power consumption injection locked frequency tripler |
| CN104202044B (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2017-09-12 | 杭州电子科技大学 | A kind of difference pushes controlled oscillator and signal generation device |
| CN104333329B (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2017-05-10 | 复旦大学 | Injection enhanced low-power wide-locking-scope injection locking tripler |
| CN104660290B (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2017-03-29 | 武汉大学苏州研究院 | A kind of electric current reusable radio frequency front-end with low power consumption receiving circuit |
| US9484858B1 (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-11-01 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Inductive coupled pass transistor quadrature voltage controlled oscillator |
| CN109075744B (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2022-04-29 | 佳能株式会社 | Component |
| CN106026924A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-10-12 | 复旦大学 | Terahertz wave CMOS injection-locking frequency multiplier applied to bioimaging |
| CN106026923B (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2018-07-17 | 东南大学 | A kind of nearly threshold value low-power consumption orthogonal voltage-controlled vibrator |
| CN107124154B (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2021-09-17 | 复旦大学 | Broadband high-precision active phase shifter |
| US10749473B2 (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-08-18 | Globalfoundries Inc. | Methods, apparatus, and system for a frequency doubler for a millimeter wave device |
| CN111313892B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2023-07-28 | 天津大学青岛海洋技术研究院 | Wide locking range switchable dual-core injection locking frequency divider |
| CN109525198B (en) * | 2018-12-15 | 2024-04-23 | 华南理工大学 | Quadrature voltage controlled oscillator circuit with phase shift |
| CN110460309A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-11-15 | 华讯方舟科技有限公司 | A kind of injection locking frequency multiplier circuit and injection locked frequency multiplier |
| CN112542995B (en) * | 2020-12-05 | 2022-04-19 | 上海矽杰微电子有限公司 | High-output-power millimeter wave frequency doubler and output method thereof |
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| CN101820250A (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2010-09-01 | 复旦大学 | Wideband orthogonal dual-mode voltage controlled oscillator |
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| US20080164955A1 (en) * | 2007-01-04 | 2008-07-10 | Pfeiffer Ullrich R | Voltage controlled oscillator circuits and methods using variable capacitance degeneration for increased tuning range |
| TWI352508B (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2011-11-11 | Univ Nat Taiwan | Transistor-based voltage-controlled oscillator and |
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| CN201039084Y (en) * | 2007-04-20 | 2008-03-19 | 杭州中科微电子有限公司 | Low-amplitude error and low-phase noise RF voltage controlled surge based on capacitance compensation |
| CN101183851A (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2008-05-21 | 复旦大学 | LC orthogonal voltage controlled oscillator capable of reducing flicker noise |
| CN101820250A (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2010-09-01 | 复旦大学 | Wideband orthogonal dual-mode voltage controlled oscillator |
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