CN102349371B - Method for quickly desalting, dealkalizing and ploughing soda saline-alkali paddy field - Google Patents
Method for quickly desalting, dealkalizing and ploughing soda saline-alkali paddy field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for quickly desalting, dealkalizing and ploughing a soda saline-alkali paddy field. The method comprises the following steps of: in the rice field after rice harvest in autumn, turning up the soil by using a big plough in autumn after base fertilizer is applied; sunning the upturned soil; rotating the soil in a dry mode in spring of the next year; ridging and soaking; leveling the field by using a thick rake until slurry is settled; and transplanting. In the method, spring soil turnup is replaced by autumn soil turnup; autumn soil turnup is combined with spring soil rotation; advantages of two tillage methods of rotary tillage and autumn soil turnup are utilized, advantages are absorbed and disadvantages are complemented, advantages are utilized and disadvantages are avoided, soil fertility is adjusted, and soil application and improvement are taken into consideration; and water resource is saved, saline and alkali are removed quickly, the soil structure is optimized, fragile ecological environment is improved, high yield, stable production and sustained development of rice in saline-alkali adverse situation are promoted. Rice is planted in the soda saline-alkali land by the method, so the method is simple and easy in operation and convenient to popularize, labor and time are saved, production input cost is low, yield is increased obviously, repair of the fragile ecological environment is facilitated, and income of farmers is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention discloses a kind of soda alkaline land paddy field quick desalination alkali and ploughs method of soil preparation, is that the saline and alkaline water field ploughing of landlocked soda ground method is improved, and belongs to the arviculture technical field.
Background technology
The tradition method of ploughing generally has two kinds of forms, the one, the spring directly pour water after turning over the soaked field, rake the soil level, because spring, arid was windy, temperature gos up fast, the air drying, and evaporation discharge is big, very easily cause soil moisture loss and salt submeter to gather and increase the weight of, increased the water consumption of soaked field soda thus; Simultaneously turn over and lack winter and spring and do wet unfreezing because of the spring, be unfavorable for that soil-ripening and nutriment transform, hinder improvement and the reparation of alkaline land soil environment, limited steadily improving of rice in saline-alkali field output; The 2nd, the soaked field of pouring water after the rotary tillage, rake the soil level, rely on from the rotary tillage entire technique that the field face is smooth, soil block is little, since water consumption is widely used than the advantage of the saving 20% of turning over, the technology of the turning over paddy rice planting process of fading out gradually.In fact, the cover degree of turning over is better, and tilling depth generally can reach below the 16cm, and rotary tillage can only reach about 12cm, continuous 3 years and above rotary tillage because the hardening gradually of no-tillage layer becomes new tillage pan, namely move on the tillage pan, topsoil shoals, and very easily causes late growth stage of rice early ageing, causes the underproduction.In addition, essence was raked the soil level after two kinds of forms all adopted the soaked field, and this especially is not suitable for soda alkaline land.The soda alkaline land soil physico-chemical property is abominable, shows as the unit weight height, and porosity is low, and a little less than the moisture permeable, heavy slurry is slow.Essence is raked the soil level darker because smashing slurry, and the back soil particle of raking the soil level is the dispersion suspension state, and extremely difficult sedimentation not only misses the farming season, and rice shoot takes root in that the degree of depth is big, the unstable seedling that easily floats of transplanting when transplanting, and increases the weight of the salt alkaline stress, is unfavorable for the tiller of turning green.
Summary of the invention
The present invention discloses a kind of soda alkaline land paddy field quick desalination alkali and ploughs method of soil preparation, be unfavorable for soil-ripening and the nutriment that have solved traditional cultivated method existence transform, hinder improvement and the reparation of alkaline land soil environment, or move on the tillage pan, topsoil shoals, and very easily causes the shortcoming of late growth stage of rice early ageing.
Soda alkaline land provided by the invention paddy field quick desalination alkali is ploughed method of soil preparation, and its technical solution may further comprise the steps:
In the soda alkaline land paddy field after the paddy rice autumn harvest, plough with the big plough autumn and sun the earth which has been ploughed up behind 15～30cm in the back that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and spring next year, drought was revolved ground 10～12cm, ridges, the levelling of slightly raking the soil level behind the soaked field, transplants to mud sediment.
The described autumn ploughs, and should begin about 25～35% in autumn harvest later stage soil moisture content, reaches freeze-up state to ground and stops operation;
Described spring next year, drought was revolved ground, should be after next year soil thaw about 15cm, and arid is not carried out under the irrigation condition;
Slightly rake the soil level in described soaked field, the depth of water should be half of the upturned soil sheet of turning over, and namely flower reaches the bubble field, drives the rough leveling of rake field face with 50 horsepowers before the rice transplanting and get final product.
The back is heavy starches slowly because raking the soil level in the saline land, but can according to actual conditions, generally will wash the field 1～4 time to the soft rice transplanting state of soil in 5～7 days soaked fields of pouring water before rice transplanting, takes away salt and alkali component by irritating drainage procedure.
In cultivated method of soil preparation provided by the invention, turn over the autumn and to replace the spring to turn over: the autumn turns in conjunction with the autumn and executes high-quality farmyard manure or high-stubble straw-returning, can increase the soil organic matter, reduce the topsoil salt content, because effectively suppressing the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, can reduce next year soaked field desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching alkali water consumption, save water resource, increase rice yield; Turn over by the autumn, sick worm reduces survival rate because living environment changes, and the top layer weeds are buried underground, has alleviated the next year disease pest and weed and has taken place and cause harm, and can save pesticide cost; Autumn turns over also and can strengthen soil permeability, promotes soil aggregate to form, and when avoiding striving the worker and striving with spring sowing, has improved labour productive forces.
By the autumn turn over-Chun revolves and combines, paddy growth needs topsoil to reach the requirement of " go up paste, following pine, water is arranged, gas is arranged ", rotary tillage can be created the reasonable topsoil that is fit to the rice in saline-alkali field growth, namely between the hack layer of the tillage pan of turning over and rotary tillage, created a no-tillage layer that about 6cm is dark, there is gas permeable, is beneficial to the rice root growth.Turn over simultaneously year after year, can not cause moving on the tillage pan, have important function to guaranteeing the topsoil reasonable depth.
The ground of implementing slightly to rake, rotary tillage can effective smooth field faces, have the effect on the whole ground of drought concurrently, directly slightly harrow levelling at once behind the soaked field, can avoid occurring the alkaline land soil particle dispersion suspension that causes because of the essence rake, the slow problem of heavy slurry has important function for robbing turn green tiller etc. of rice transplanting early in farming season, rice shoot.
The described autumn ploughs and comprises:After the autumn harvest, soil moisture content namely begins to plough about 25～35%, reaches freeze-up state to ground and stops operation.The saline land is ploughed the degree of depth and will be decided according to soil thickness and salinization soil layer and lime Guinier-Preston zone position height.The black earth bed thickness (20～30cm), salinization of soil layer and lime soil layer position be dark, general new turning up the soil turned over 15～18cm, next year ploughs deeply, and deepens gradually, the darkest 24～30cm that generally reaches; Mollic is thin, salinization of soil layer or lime soil layer position are high, shallow turning over, and avoids a saline-alkali soil and rendzinas to roll up, and increases the weight of the topsoil salinization of soil.
Drought was revolved wholely and was comprised described spring:When spring, soil thawed the 15cm left and right sides, revolve thick putting down with IGQN 160 ~ 200 type rotovator droughts, apply fertilizer to the subsoil simultaneously with revolving, can gently revolve earlier 1 time, fertilizer is evenly raised at the field face, add wide-angle again, revolve fast 1 time, revolve dark 10～12cm, leveling field face.
The described water floating field face of raking the soil level comprises:Take full advantage of the water source, whole ground, soaked field ahead of time, the soaked field depth of water is half of upturned soil sheet of turning over, flower reaches the bubble field.The heavy slurry in back is raked the soil level slowly in the saline land, and the soaked field time is to be advisable in preceding about 7 days with rice transplanting, according to actual conditions, generally will wash the field 1～4 time, to reduce the salt alkali content in the soil.Then with hand tractor dress water harrowing wheel, and band front scrapping plate formula land leveler or the board-like land leveler of the butt ground of slightly raking, hand steered water rake every operating efficiency 1～2hm every day
2The postprecipitation rice transplanting after 1～2 day of raking the soil level.
The present invention is with respect to the good effect that prior art has:Turn over the autumn and to replace the spring to turn over, by the autumn turn over-Chun revolves and combines, and gets rotary tillage and autumn and turns over the chief of two kinds of cultivated methods, learns from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, and goes after profits and advoids disadvantages, and regulates soil fertility, take into account with foster; Can reach and save water resource, quick desalination alkali, optimize soil structure, improve the purpose of fragile ecological environment, promote saline and alkaline adverse circumstance rice high yield, stable yields and sustainable development; Use rice cultivation of the present invention in soda alkaline land, method is simple, operation easily, and saving of work and time is convenient to promote, and it is low to produce input cost, and output increases obviously, is beneficial to the fragile ecological environment reparation, and farmers' income increases.
Embodiment
Further describe the present invention by following implementation step, and do not limit the present invention in any way, under the prerequisite that does not deviate from technical solution of the present invention, any change or change that those of ordinary skills that the present invention is done realize easily all will fall within the claim scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In slight saline-alkali soil rice field, Qian Guo county, after the autumn harvest, soil moisture content namely begins to plough about 25%, reaches freeze-up state to ground and stops operation, and ploughs the degree of depth 25～30cm; The back drought that applies fertilizer to the subsoil when soil thaws the 15cm left and right sides spring is revolved thick flat, revolves dark 10～12cm, leveling field face; The field is washed 1～2 time in the soaked field, precipitates rice transplanting after 1～2 day.
Under equal conditions, adopt the present invention, plough method of soil preparation than routine and can reduce pH 4.8 ~ 6.0%, total salt quantity 6.4%～16.9%, per mu yield increases by 4.5 ~ 5.5%.
Embodiment 2
In moderate saline-alkali soil rice field, Zhenlai County, after the autumn harvest, soil moisture content namely begins to plough about 30%, reaches freeze-up state to ground and stops operation, and ploughs the degree of depth 18～25cm; The back drought that applies fertilizer to the subsoil when soil thaws the 15cm left and right sides spring is revolved thick flat, revolves dark 10～12cm, leveling field face; The field is washed 2～3 times in the soaked field, precipitates rice transplanting after 1～2 day.
Under equal conditions, adopt the present invention, plough method of soil preparation than routine and can reduce pH 5.5 ~ 6.2%, total salt quantity 6.9%～14.5%, per mu yield increases by 9.3 ~ 17.3%.
Embodiment 3
The heavy salinized native rice field in the Daan City, after the autumn harvest, soil moisture content namely begins to plough about 35%, reaches freeze-up state to ground and stops operation, and ploughs the degree of depth 15～18cm; The back drought that applies fertilizer to the subsoil when soil thaws the 15cm left and right sides spring is revolved thick flat, revolves dark 10～12cm, leveling field face; The field is washed 3～4 times in the soaked field, precipitates rice transplanting after 1～2 day.
Under equal conditions, adopt the present invention, plough method of soil preparation than routine and can reduce pH 5.6 ~ 6.5%, total salt quantity 14.5%～16.5%, per mu yield increases by 26.3 ~ 39.2%.
The test example
Below experiment shows beneficial effect of the present invention:
(embodiment 1 slight saline-alkali soil), the saline and alkaline rice of Zhenlai County (embodiment 2 moderate saline-alkali soil) and Daan City (embodiment 3 heavy salinized soil) 3 soda do the checking the present invention of typical case's representative district in the Qian Guo county, set 2 control groups and 1 invention group respectively, control group 1 is raked the soil level for directly pour water after turning over soaked field, essence of spring, control group 2 for the spring turn over, soaked field, essence are raked the soil level after the rotary tillage, it is the present invention that soda alkaline land paddy field quick desalination alkali is ploughed method of soil preparation.Get 0～20cm soil sample and mix before annual soaked field, measure soil physico-chemical property index and rice yields such as the content of organic matter, total salt quantity, ESP, pH, EC, unit weight, total porosity respectively, investigate desalination soda effect, experimental period is 3 years, namely repeats for 3 times.
The experimental result data statistics is seen the following table example.
Table 1 Qian Guo county is slight, and saline-alkali soil rice field difference is ploughed the method for soil preparation soil physico-chemical property tables of comparisons
| Mark | Control group 1 | Control group 2 | Of the present invention group |
| The content of organic matter (g/kg) | 54.6±1.1 b | 55.2±0.8 b | 57.9±0.6 a |
| pH | 7.63±0.06 a | 7.53±0.06 b | 7.17±0.06 c |
| EC（ms/m） | 0.85±0.02 a | 0.81±0.05 ab | 0.70±0.10 b |
| Total salt quantity (%) | 0.106±0.009 a | 0.094±0.014 a | 0.088±0.013 a |
| ESP（%） | 23.50±0.92 a | 22.27±1.66 a | 19.39±2.17 b |
| Unit weight (g/cm 3） | 1.26±0.05 a | 1.24±0.03 b | 1.15±0.06 c |
| Total porosity (%) | 36.7±1.5 c | 38.7±0.6 b | 43.3±1.5 a |
| Output (kg/ mu) | 610±13.5 b | 616.3±11.4 ab | 643.3±11.0 a |
Annotate: a, b, the significance of difference of each group of c representative on 5% level.
The different method of soil preparation soil physico-chemical property tables of comparisons of ploughing in moderate saline-alkali soil rice field, table 2 Zhenlai County
| Index | Control group 1 | Control group 2 | Of the present invention group |
| The content of organic matter (g/kg) | 48.5±0.9 a | 48.7±0.9 a | 52.5±3.1 a |
| pH | 8.61±0.07 a | 8.58±0.03 a | 8.07±0.09 b |
| EC（ms/m） | 0.96±0.02 a | 0.92±0.04 a | 0.85±0.05 b |
| Total salt quantity (%) | 0.207±0.010 a | 0.189±0.016 b | 0.177±0.014 c |
| ESP（%） | 35.85±0.94 a | 32.17±2.66 ab | 28.61±3.02 b |
| Unit weight (g/cm 3） | 1.35±0.04 a | 1.32±0.03 b | 1.27±0.04 c |
| Total porosity (%) | 26.0±2.0 b | 26.7±0.6 b | 33.0±2.0 a |
| Output (kg/ mu) | 426.0±12.8 | 457.3±9.6 b | 499.7±17.0 a |
Annotate: a, b, the significance of difference of each group of c representative on 5% level.
The different method of soil preparation soil physico-chemical property tables of comparisons of ploughing in heavy salinized native rice field, table 3 Daan City
| Index | Control group 1 | Control group 2 | Of the present invention group |
| The content of organic matter (g/kg) | 28.4±1.5 b | 29.2±0.8 ab | 32.7±3.1 a |
| pH | 9.39±0.02 a | 9.30±0.02 b | 8.78±0.03 c |
| EC（ms/m） | 1.55±0.02 a | 1.36±0.08 b | 1.23±0.13 b |
| Total salt quantity (%) | 0.255±0.005 a | 0.249±0.008 a | 0.212±0.010 b |
| ESP（%） | 42.80±2.79 a | 41.06±3.17 a | 35.68±4.23 b |
| Unit weight (g/cm 3） | 1.49±0.03 a | 1.45±0.01 b | 1.37±0.03 c |
| Total porosity (%) | 18.0±1.0 c | 21.3±1.2 b | 26.7±1.5 a |
| Output (kg/ mu) | 215.3±12.0 c | 237.3±10.6 b | 299.7±15.1 a |
Annotate: a, b, the significance of difference of each group of c representative on 5% level.
Claims (1)
1. a soda alkaline land paddy field quick desalination alkali is ploughed method of soil preparation, may further comprise the steps:
In the rice field after the paddy rice autumn harvest, plough with the big plough autumn and sun the earth which has been ploughed up behind 15～30cm in the back that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and spring next year, drought was revolved ground 10～12cm, ridges, the levelling of slightly raking the soil level behind the soaked field, transplants to mud sediment;
The described autumn ploughs, and begins about 25 ~ 35% in autumn harvest later stage soil moisture content, reaches freeze-up state to ground and stops operation;
Described spring next year, drought was revolved ground, should be after next year soil thaw about 15cm, and arid is not carried out under the irrigation condition, and the back drought that applies fertilizer to the subsoil is revolved thick flat;
Slightly rake the soil level in described soaked field, the depth of water should be half of the upturned soil sheet of turning over, and namely flower reaches the bubble field, and rough leveling field face gets final product before the rice transplanting;
The field is washed 1～4 time in 5～7 days soaked fields before rice transplanting.
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| CN103125237B (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2014-02-19 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Three-increasing comprehensive planting method of recarburization, oxygenation and resistance-increasing of soda saline-alkaline paddy rice |
| CN104012200A (en) * | 2014-06-05 | 2014-09-03 | 王福 | Vibrating slurry-lifting and land-preparation method and machine tool of paddy field |
| CN106034878A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-10-26 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Early rice seedling transplanting method capable of increasing effective accumulated temperature of rice |
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| CN107493717A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 黑龙江省农垦科学院 | Rice Tagayasu Den's method of soil preparation |
| CN112724985A (en) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-04-30 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Soda saline-alkali soil conditioner, preparation method and use method |
| CN114830865B (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2023-07-07 | 山西博研生物科技有限公司 | Farmland soil fertility lifting technology and engineering operation method |
| CN116579880B (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2024-05-03 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Effective green water resource evaluation method and device based on dynamic crop coefficients |
| CN117598060A (en) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-02-27 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for returning duck straws to field in soda saline-alkali paddy field and application of method |
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| SU1155610A1 (en) * | 1983-12-26 | 1985-05-15 | Казахский Ордена "Знак Почета" Государственный Институт По Проектированию Водохозяйственных Сооружений "Казгипроводхоз" | Method of growing rice on salinized alkaline soils |
| CN1076158C (en) * | 1997-09-20 | 2001-12-19 | 中国科学院长春地理研究所 | Rice cropping technology in ancient river courses type of soda lakes |
| CN1236537A (en) * | 1999-06-10 | 1999-12-01 | 周庆芳 | Method for desalting salinized soil |
| CN100522402C (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2009-08-05 | 倪红伟 | Treating process of medium saline-alkali grassland |
| CN101336572A (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2009-01-07 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Construction method of agricultural land fertile topsoil |
| CN101481281B (en) * | 2009-02-03 | 2011-11-23 | 吉林省新世纪农业科技有限公司 | Comprehensive treatment agent for soda alkaline land and use method thereof |
| CN101779536B (en) * | 2010-03-03 | 2011-06-08 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for transforming salinization and low yield farmland |
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