CN102337904B - Method for retaining gob-side tunnel - Google Patents
Method for retaining gob-side tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN102337904B CN102337904B CN 201110267050 CN201110267050A CN102337904B CN 102337904 B CN102337904 B CN 102337904B CN 201110267050 CN201110267050 CN 201110267050 CN 201110267050 A CN201110267050 A CN 201110267050A CN 102337904 B CN102337904 B CN 102337904B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for retaining a gob-side tunnel, which overall arranges the retaining of the gob-side tunnel in a stope working face gateway tunneling period, and comprises the steps of: combining the stope working face gateway with the gob-side retained tunnel, namely the next section gateway, together to be served as one tunnel for tunneling; and constructing tunnel concrete pier columns between the stope working face gateway and the gob-side retained tunnel, wherein the tunnel concrete pier columns are served as support in the tunnel and also served as one part of the side support for the gob-side retained tunnel; namely comprising the steps of: widening the section of the tunnel by tunneling, reserving the tunnel section according to the shrinkage factor of the god-side retained tunnel suffering from two times of support pressure, and pouring the reinforcing steel bar concrete pier columns in middle of the transverse direction of the tunnel to match with a cable anchor for supporting. The tunnel concrete pier columns are arranged along the whole length of the tunnel at intervals, and used for dividing the tunnel into two parts. Insulating walls are constructed between two adjacent columns after the columns are constructed. When the stope is starting, the support is needed to be temporarily reinforced at two sides of the columns according to requirements along with the advancing of the stope working face. According to the method for retaining a gob-side tunnel, the retaining of the gob-side tunnel and the tunneling of the stope working face gateway are overall arranged, and the tunnel concrete pier column support is arranged; therefore, the side support intensity and support resistance of the retained tunnel are greatly enhanced, the influence of support pressure in two times of mining is effectively controlled. The method for retaining gob-side tunnel is particularly suitable for using in flexible mining faces of bottom plate and/or top plate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to coal mine gob-side entry retaining technique, particularly a kind ofly at stope crossheading phase of boring, be about to adopt the method that face crossheading and gob side entry retaining make overall arrangements and adopt the gob side entry retaining of concrete cast supporting.
Background technology
For the loss of coal pillar reduced between the transportation of coal mining section and track crossheading adopts without coal pillar mining, along goaf, retaining the coal crossheading is that the service of next section stope is called gob side entry retaining, also claims multiplexing tunnel abroad.
China's " Gazette of Patent for Invention " discloses title: the patent application of " method of support along spatially keeping lane ", application number: 200710026096.9, publication number: CN 101117890A.Its objective is the supporting problem that solves gob side entry retaining; Its measure is to pass with work plane, and in goaf, one side is installed filling mould pouring concrete, constructs lane side obturation and forms the roadside support band.Existing problems are: pour concrete is constructed lane side obturation and is wanted form removal, without integral movable type filling mould; Pour concrete lane side obturation, goaf side is without strengthening temporary lining.
China discloses title " Gazette of Patent for Invention " on December 08th, 2010: the patent application of " gob-side entry retaining support method and notes lane sliding formwork thereof ", application number: 200710015658.X, publication No.: CN 101906979A.Its objective is and provide a kind of filling mould that saves to install and remove operation, adopt dedicated integral to draw decant(-ation) lane sliding formwork; In back production face support back, goaf one side cast roadside packing wall, and add temporary lining.Shortcoming is: large with the mutual interference of stope coal mining phase at stope back cast roadside packing wall.
The edge air gallery technology in the past adopted, the design of its support thinking is unreasonable, mostly that the tunnelling before the stope back production and back production Hou Liu lane is separate, do not consider as a whole, gob side entry retaining is not considered as to a systematic engineering of business, before the tunnelling needs are retained, while carrying out the selection of roadway support form and supporting parameter design, do not consider in advance the needs of later stage edge air gallery technology, thereby cause prop intensity in the gob side entry retaining rear lane can not meet the requirement of twice mining influence, in lane, supporting and roadside support do not mate, Shi Liu lane effect does not reach re-set target, even failed.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome prior art, the driving of the crossheading before the stope back production is not considered as a whole with back production Hou Liu lane is separate, can not meet the requirement of twice mining influence, stay the lane effect not reach the deficiency of expection, the invention provides a kind of gob-side entry retaining method, it is about to the crossheading of the face of adopting and the gob side entry retaining after back production is done overall arrangement at stope crossheading phase of boring, the tunnel that needs are retained starts just to consider in advance the needs of later stage gob side entry retaining at driving, greatly improve intensity and the Support Resistance of gob side entry retaining roadside support body, meet the requirement of twice mining influence, and avoid gob side entry retaining roadside support and the mutual interference of stope operation phase.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme to be:
A kind of method of gob side entry retaining, crossheading phase of boring at stope, gob side entry retaining is made overall arrangements: using the crossheading of stope and gob side entry retaining be the adjacent crossheading that next section is adopted face unite two into one, as a tunnelling, construct " concrete pier stud in lane " supporting between the two, it is not only as supporting in the crossheading lane but also as the part of gob side entry retaining roadside support body; That is: widen the digging laneway section, and stand the reserved drift section area of shrinkage factor of twice Action of Fixed Abutment Pressure, concrete pier stud in casting reinforced concrete pier stud Ji“ lane, horizontal middle part, tunnel according to gob side entry retaining ", coordinate the anchor rete cord supporting in tunnel.In lane, the concrete pier stud is from the stope open-off cut to stopping adopting line along the alternate layout of digging laneway total length, and digging laneway " is divided into two ": a side is that the crossheading opposite side is gob side entry retaining.In lane, the concrete pier stud is constructed in the Hou， lane and is constructed " divider wall " between the concrete pier stud.Divider wall and concrete pier stud in lane are connected, jointly form the roadside support body of gob side entry retaining.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. cancel section coal pillar, realize without coal pillar mining, improve the rate of extraction, take full advantage of coal resources.
2. dig less a tunnel, reduce coal-face time, alleviate the digging anxiety that continues.
3. concrete cast roadside support body rigidity is high, closely knit good, but both lane was stayed in the roof supporting maintenance, can isolate goaf again, minimizing spontaneous fire and improvement is ventilated favourable, is conducive to Safety of Coal Mine Production.
4. the pumping cast reduces labour intensity, improves work efficiency; Simple to operate safe and reliable.
Also there is following advantage on the above-mentioned gob side entry retaining of reservation and pumping concrete cast roadside support advantage basis:
1. combine and consider as a whole adopting gob side entry retaining after crossheading driving before the face back production and back production, gob side entry retaining is considered as to a systematic engineering of business, the needs of later stage gob side entry retaining are considered in advance in the tunnel that needs are retained before driving, and coordinate the supporting of anchor rete cord by establishing this powerful supporting of concrete pier stud in lane, make supporting in lane, gob side entry retaining roadside support intensity and Support Resistance improve greatly, control the immediate roof absciss layer, reduce to adopt for twice the impact of the bearing pressure superposition caused, utilization than soft seat or/and top board solves the contractibility problem, the Support Resistance that overcomes traditional roadside support existence is little, the incompatible problem of the little Deng Yuliu of contractibility lane surrouding rock deformation.
2. adopt thin-wall steel pipe concrete pier stud further to improve pier stud supporting intensity and Support Resistance, reduce shared drift section area.To solving deep soft rock and area of stress concentration supporting, the bump problem is significant.
3. advance and add strong supporting temporarily with the face of adopting, further reduce the impact of adopting the bearing pressure superposition caused for twice, reduce gob-side entry retaining support load and the contraction percentage of area.Employing has the self-advancing hydraulic support supporting of " anchor shaft anchor cable is dodged protection mechanism ", can prevent that Anchor cable-rod is damaged.
4. can avoid the concrete cast stay lane roadside support body and adopt the mutual interference of face stoping operation phase, greatly improve work efficiency.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be in the method lane of gob side entry retaining of the present invention the concrete pier stud at schematic diagram, the A-A profile of digging laneway.
Concrete pier stud, the divider wall layout schematic diagram in digging laneway in the Tu2Shi lane.
Fig. 3, the 4th, pier stud die assembly integral installation distribution structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 5, the 6th, the structural representation master of the clip of pier stud die assembly looks, top view.
Fig. 7, the 8th, the structural representation master of the upper end mould of steel cylinder mould looks, top view.
Fig. 9, the 10th, the structural representation master of upper end reinforcing cage looks, top view.
Figure 11, the 12nd, the structural representation master of lower end reinforcing cage looks, top view.
Figure 13, the 14th, the structural representation master of the lower end mould of steel cylinder mould looks, top view.
Figure 15 is the rack arrangement floor map that fully mechanized coal face starts after back production to add strong supporting temporarily.
In figure: the 1-gob side entry retaining, concrete pier stud in the 2-lane, the 3-haulage gate, the 4-anchor pole, the 5-anchor cable, the 6-divider wall, 7-upper end mould, 8-upper end reinforcing cage, 9-lower end mould, 10-lower end reinforcing cage, the 11-clip, link under 12-, the upper link of 13-, the 14-grouting port, the 15-bolt, 16-upper end cylinder, the 17-centring ring, the 18-longitudinal reinforcement, the 19-steel ring, 20-reinforced bar jointing sleeve pipe, 21-lower end cylinder, the 22-peep hole, 23-stope rib, the 24-working surface hydraulic support, the 25-goaf, the Yi Ziliang that the 26-hysteresis adds strong supporting adds individual prop, 27-automatic moving type rail is along hydraulic support, 28-automatic moving type fortune is along hydraulic support, 29-adds a word beam individual prop of strong supporting in advance.In lane, the concrete pier stud is called for short pier stud; Stope is called for short the face of adopting; Digging laneway is called for short the pick lane; The gob side entry retaining abbreviation stays lane; It is suitable that haulage gate is called for short fortune; It is suitable that the track crossheading is called for short rail.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
The country rock of gob side entry retaining experiences double teacher: the I digging stage altogether, stabilization sub stage, III stabilization sub stage, V mining influence stage for the second time after mining influence stage, IV mining influence for the first time after the II pick.Wherein the deflection maximum is the III stage, and key area is again to adopt the face rear.This tunnel, place one side is the coal side, and opposite side is caved gangue, similar with the section of stope across pitch.In the III stage of gob side entry retaining, when old top comes that pressure is strong, sedimentation is when violent, strata behavior analysis of roadway manifests strongly, and rock deformation is large.Except old top strenuous exercise, period, the surrouding rock stress of gob side entry retaining changes slowly.
The method of gob side entry retaining of the present invention combines the driving of the crossheading before the stope back production to consider as a whole with back production Hou Liu lane, and gob side entry retaining is considered as to a systematic engineering of business.Crossheading phase of boring at stope starts to take measures to prepare for gob side entry retaining.Usually, gob side entry retaining technique is all by the haulage gate of stope, is left gob side entry retaining, makes the track crossheading of next section stope.
The concrete practice of the method for gob side entry retaining of the present invention is, haulage gate phase of boring at stope, gob side entry retaining is made overall arrangements: using the haulage gate of stope and gob side entry retaining be the track crossheading that next section is adopted face unite two into one, as a tunnelling, construct " concrete pier stud in lane " supporting between the two; In lane, the concrete pier stud is not only as supporting in the haulage gate lane but also as the part of gob side entry retaining roadside support body.That is: widen the digging laneway section, and stand the reserved drift section area of shrinkage factor of twice Action of Fixed Abutment Pressure, concrete pier stud in casting reinforced concrete pier stud Ji“ lane, horizontal middle part, tunnel according to gob side entry retaining ", coordinate the anchor rete cord supporting in tunnel.In lane, the concrete pier stud is from the stope open-off cut to stopping adopting line along digging laneway total length, alternate layout.In lane, the concrete pier stud is constructed in the Hou， lane and is constructed " divider wall " between the concrete pier stud.Divider wall is connected with concrete pier stud in lane, jointly forms the roadside support body of gob side entry retaining.
Concrete pier stud and divider wall constructing in digging laneway in the Yi. lane:
Concrete pier stud and the deployment scenarios of divider wall in digging laneway in the lane of the method for gob side entry retaining of the present invention shown in Fig. 1,2.The section of digging laneway shown in figure is right-angled trapezium, concrete pier stud 2 in the horizontal centre of digging laneway arranges lane, from adopting the face open-off cut to stopping adopting between line along the alternate layout of digging laneway total length, construct divider wall 6 in the Bing lane between concrete pier stud 2, digging laneway " is divided into two " from horizontal centre, the haulage gate 3 that right side is stope, left side is that gob side entry retaining 1 is the track crossheading that next section is adopted face.Back has anchor pole 4, anchor cable 5, and roadway's sides has anchor pole 4.Anchor pole 4, anchor cable 5 form the supporting of anchor rete cord with anchor net, support steel strip.Concrete pier stud 2 and divider wall 6 and the common supporting roof of anchor rete cord in lane.The anchor pole 4 that in Fig. 1, double dotted line means is to be exclusively used in the anchor pole of hanging monorail crane.The divider wall 6 that in Fig. 2, double dotted line means is rear benefit divider walls of once making pedestrian's vent passages; The sensing of section A-A is to point to from inside to outside from open-off cut.
The key issue of gob side entry retaining is to select effective roadside support material and supporting method.Under the pressure effect of huge ore deposit, the gob side entry retaining shrinkage factor is very large, and not reserved the shrinking of drift section is difficult to guarantee that adopting face normally produces.Reserved certain cross-sectional area during digging laneway, making does not need maintenance just can continue to use after the compressive deformation of tunnel.The target of gob side entry retaining is that after the effect distortion that stands twice bearing pressure, " disposable supporting " still can be realized in the ，Shi Liu lane, at viability, need not keep in repair and continue to use, and guarantees that adopting face normally produces.
Due to driving stope haulage gate be with gob side entry retaining be the track crossheading that next section is adopted face unite two into one, as a tunnelling, so the digging laneway section will be widened to and be approximately the haulage gate width and add the width that next section is adopted face track crossheading.When widening drift section, consider that gob side entry retaining stands the shrinkage factor of twice Action of Fixed Abutment Pressure, according to the reserved certain drift section area of shrinkage factor.Consider, in haulage gate one side, when adopting the face transportation service, gob side entry retaining one side also can be utilized, for adopting the face service simultaneously, therefore suitably reduce when the drift section of haulage gate one side can be than independent driving haulage gate.Scope after drift section is widened: 5000mm～7000mm.Preferably select the development machine of wide section once to dig into.
2. from adopting the face open-off cut when stopping the Cai Xianyan lane to arrange pier stud, every 10～15m, reserve two pier stud spaces every as pedestrian, vent passages.After starting, back production advances divider wall polishing one by one in advance with the face of adopting.
3. in lane, the cross section of concrete pier stud 2 is selected circular.The cross-sectional diameter of concrete pier stud 2, center distance in lane are that concrete strength calculates decision according to the suffered load of performance of concrete column confined, cement grade; Range of choice: cross-sectional diameter 500～800mm, center distance are at 1.5～5.0m, height 2.8 ± 0.3m.
In lane, the concrete pier stud is accomplished vertically to construct at entry, allowable variation angle ± 2 °, and during inclined shaft construction pier stud, pier stud will have the prop setting angle degree of 2～3 °.
4. the concrete pier stud that in lane, the concrete pier stud is muscle in thin steel cylinder outer wall belt, outer wall be the steel cylinder mould steel cylinder, in establish the concrete pier stud that reinforcing cage is made the pier stud skeleton.
5. the job practices of concrete pier stud and divider wall in lane:
1) in lane, the sequence of construction of concrete pier stud and divider wall is: after crossheading tunnels and adopts the face open-off cut, from open-off cut segmentation from inside to outside, construct concrete pier stud lane.Each construction is more than 30 pier stud, about 50m approximately, after, use the suitable continuous pulling winch tractive of fortune to move equipment once, order is carried out from inside to outside.After concrete pier stud pour concrete solidifies in the lane of a segmentation, construct subsequently the divider wall of this segmentation, construction hysteresis pier stud construction 2～5 piers of divider wall; After divider wall has been constructed, carry out the construction of concrete pier stud and divider wall in next segmentation lane.Reserved pedestrian, vent passages while constructing divider wall.
2) concrete pier stud construction method in lane: at the tunnel desired location, reinforcing cage is installed, installed the pier stud mould, pumping concrete is to pour concrete in the pier stud mould, constructs concrete pier stud in lane.Adopt the concentrated casting and constructing mode of getting the raw materials ready of concentrating.
3) pier stud mould: adopt binodal drawing and pulling type steel cylinder fixed mould, be called for short the steel cylinder mould.The steel cylinder mould is flush-mounted in the lower end mould by the upper end mould and forms.Upper and lower end mould outer wall is thin-wall steel pipe, after the pier stud cast, becomes the foot stall steel drum outer wall.Reinforcing bar is made the upper and lower end reinforcing cage, and it is the pier stud skeleton that the two grafting one forms length-adjustable reinforcing cage, is placed in the pier stud mould.
Overall structure at pier stud die assembly shown in Fig. 3,4.The pier stud die assembly mainly consists of steel cylinder mould, reinforcing cage, clip 11.The steel cylinder mould is binodal drawing and pulling type steel cylinder fixed mould, upper end mould 7, lower end mould 9, consists of.Reinforcing cage is connected and is formed by upper end reinforcing cage 8, lower end reinforcing cage 10.Link 13 on having on upper end mould 7 outer walls.Lower link 12 is arranged on lower end mould 8 outer walls.Be arranged with the clip 11 for fixing pneumatic vibrating head outside steel cylinder mould barrel.
Fig. 5,6 illustrates the structure of clip half circular boop.Bolt 15, nut that clip 11 is installed by two and half circular boops and two ends fixing hole thereof form.A little arc-shaped bend is arranged, for inserting pneumatic vibrating head in the middle of half circular boop.
Fig. 7,8 illustrates the structure of steel cylinder mould upper end mould.Figure 13,14 illustrates the structure of steel cylinder mould lower end mould.Upper end mould 7 consists of the centring ring 17 of upper end cylinder 16 and interior connection thereof.Lower end mould 9 consists of the centring ring 17 of lower end cylinder 21 and interior connection thereof.
Upper and lower end cylinder 16,21 is for being thin-wall steel pipe, the cylinder be welded with steel sheet.Centring ring 17 is steel ring, by bar dowel radially, is welded in cylinder inner wall, for using the reinforcing cage location be placed in the steel cylinder mould.Lower end cylinder 21 is basic identical with upper end cylinder 16 structures, and only the few one deck of centring ring 17, be one deck.The external diameter of upper end cylinder 16 is slightly less than lower end cylinder 21, and its lower end is embedded in lower end cylinder 21 upper ends, and pull slides up and down.Upper and lower end cylinder 16,21 is the steel cylinder outer wall of pier stud after the cast of concrete pier stud.Upper and lower link 13,12 is welded in respectively on the outer wall of upper and lower end cylinder 16,21.
Fig. 9,10 illustrates the structure of upper end reinforcing cage.Figure 11,12 illustrates the structure of lower end reinforcing cage.Upper end reinforcing cage 8, lower end reinforcing cage 10 form by the longitudinal reinforcement 18 of uniform welding on steel ring 19 and excircle thereof.It is reinforced bar jointing sleeve pipe 20 that the longitudinal reinforcement upper end of lower end reinforcing cage 10 is welded with steel pipe, in the reinforced bar jointing sleeve pipe 20 of insertion lower end, the longitudinal reinforcement lower end reinforcing cage 10 of upper end reinforcing cage 8, be integrally togather, form the adjustable reinforcing cage of longitudinal length, become the pier stud skeleton after cast.
Upper and lower link 13,12 is comprised of the reinforced frame of steel bar welding longitudinally by two; And two reinforced frames of upper link 13 are corresponding identical in Shang orientation, upper and lower end cylinder cross section with two reinforced frames of lower link 12.Two pairs of reinforced frame positions of upper and lower link 13,12 are provided with two kinds: a kind of is reinforced frame deflection upper and lower end cylinder one side of upper and lower link, two reinforced frames of each link are the radially angle of present position, cylinder cross section<45 °, the radial height of reinforced frame coordinates with angle radially, makes the plane and the upper and lower end cylinder outer round surface that become between the outside, every two reinforced frame framves top tangent.Reinforced frame now be applicable to connect the gauze wire cloth use of divider wall, and the gauze wire cloth and the pier stud outer round surface that between two reinforced frames, connect are tangent.Another kind is the forward and backward both sides that every two reinforced frames of upper and lower link are separately positioned on the upper and lower end cylinder, symmetrical; When reinforced frame now is adapted at the pour concrete divider wall, connecting reinforcement is used.Forward and backward both sides refer to the front and back of tunneling direction.One section 4 o'clock steel pipe of place's weldering suitable for reading at upper end cylinder 16 barrels is made grouting port 14, on lower end cylinder 21 barrels, is provided with peep hole 22.
4) the concrete casting and constructing equipment of pier stud: formed by concrete pump, mixer, upper material conveyer and transfer pipeline four parts.Wherein former three and supporting electric fixtures all are arranged on the car of square position, are moved construction.Draw and move by being arranged on the continuous pulling winch traction of staying lane.Stay in lane and lay a railway track, fortune is along interior installation conveyor.
The stowage unit concrete pump is selected the HBMD-20/18-90S concrete pump for coal mine, and pipeline diameter is DN125mm, mixer: the supporting mixer with above-mentioned concrete pump for coal mine.Upper material conveyer: select the 7.5kw electric drum to drive conveyer, bandwidth 600mm; Pneumatic vibrating head: the pneumatic immersion vibrator of ZNF50 type.
5) proportioning of mould material: the C40 concrete is used in the pier stud cast, and its volume proportion is: cement: sand: stone: water=1: 1.08: 2.41: 0.43.
6) concrete pier stud Specific construction step in lane:
1. cleaning: determining the position of constructing pier stud, clearing out the needling of 100～200mm degree of depth according to diameter at the bottom of post to the tunnel reality end; Floating cash on the while roof cleaning.
2. the pier stud mould is installed: by the reinforcing cage steel cylinder mould of packing into, the steel cylinder mould is placed in to needling, adjusts the height of reinforcing cage and steel cylinder mould; Utilize the upper link of upper end mould, with seizing wire or iron wire, the upper end mould is fixed to the top, tunnel online, make the gap ≯ 100mm of upper end mould and top board, upper and lower side mould overlap joint section ≮ 200mm.The grouting port of cast pipeline and pier stud mould is connected firmly.Install friction prop or individual prop temporarily and fix with seizing wire or iron wire on pier stud mould side, in case build concrete, mould being impacted and causes dislocation.
3. concrete stirs: first start mixer, and material conveyer in rear unlatching, Artificial Control adds water, by proportioning, water, sand, stone and cement is added to mixer and stirs.The concrete stirred is sent into the concrete pump hopper, even continuous feeding.
4. concrete filling: the pumping filling adopts concrete pump for coal mine.Open concrete pump and carry out the concrete filling, open and be inserted in the pneumatic vibrating head between steel cylinder mould and clip simultaneously, make in mould the cast of concrete material evenly, to connect top tight.Local tunnel superelevation, with waste tape protect wrap up in connect top, with autocratic clip card jail.
5. cleaning equipment: a pier stud filling completes, and uses in time clear water pipe blow-through and concrete pump.
6. the construction method of divider wall: hang gauze wire cloth and asbestos shingle in the Shi lane between the concrete pier stud, and the thick concrete of the 50～200mm that whitewashes forms divider wall, prevent working face extraction after old dead zone leak out.The outer wall both sides of upper and lower end mould are welded with and are specifically designed to the upper and lower link that the gauze wire cloth that is connected and fixed divider wall is used.
1) upper and lower end mould outer wall both sides are welded with respectively the upper and lower link of gauze wire cloth, aim at the gauze wire cloth that is connected and fixed divider wall and design.During construction, adjust the direction of upper and lower end mould, make upper and lower link aligned in position, and towards the suitable side of fortune.
2) divider wall is first used rhombus net and the preliminary joint forming of asbestos shingle.Gauze wire cloth adopts rhombus net, utilizes pier stud to touch the upper and lower link of gauze wire cloth on tool, by back, to base plate, is first vertically laid rhombus net, more laterally lays asbestos shingle; The matsurface of asbestos shingle is towards staying lane one side, and rhombus net is also closely connected in the matsurface side of asbestos shingle, and between rhombus net and asbestos shingle, overlap joint is no less than 100mm, and rhombus net interval 200mm is used the networking iron wire to be connected.Rhombus net, asbestos shingle are vertically hung and are unified into planar walls one along the tangent plane of a side along pier stud fortune.
Reserve two pier stud spaces every as pedestrian, vent passages every 10～15m.Later with the propelling of stope, more one by one by reserved pier stud space every filling with divider wall.
3) the closely knit processing of body of wall: after the divider wall preliminarily forming, utilize pulp shooting machine to the divider wall closely knit processing of being whitewashed.For improving gunite effect, asbestos shingle should be by the back side in the face of the whitewashing direction, and the body of wall shotcrete thickness is 50～200mm, must be closely knit, homogeneous, there is good leakage-preventing performance.
4) gunnite method: adopt damp spice during artificial spice, cement, sand and aggregate chips be the end turn three times it is mixed clearly.During injection, the confession wind pressure of pulp shooting machine is at 0.4MPa, and hydraulic pressure is answered the high 0.1MPa of specific wind pressure, and suitable water/binder ratio is 0.4～0.5.The drift angle that will guarantee to adopt empty side after whitewashing blocks up and tightly prevents from leaking out with the base angle spray.
5) Gunning material of divider wall: use the C20 concrete, its proportioning (volume ratio): cement: sand: stone: water: accelerating admixture=1: 2: 2: 0.45: (0.03～0.05).325# portland cement, stone granularity 5～10mm.
7. anchor rete cord supporting: can support for gob side entry retaining provides powerful, make the gob side entry retaining top board keep complete, the compound action of anchor rete cord can make the top board of easy absciss layer form the stack beam and form an integral body; Make to adopt sky side top board simultaneously and more easily cut top, greatly alleviate goaf top plate and be attached to the pressure on the top board of roadside support Ji Liu lane.Fig. 1 stream line adopts Φ 20 * 6000mm, and an array pitch is 1300 * 2700mm; Roll bolt adopts Φ 22 * 2200mm resin anchor, and an array pitch is 800 * 900mm, and two help to adopt Φ 20 * 2200mm resin anchor, and an array pitch is 800 * 900mm.Anchor net: lay 1.2 * 7.0m individual layer longitude and latitude wire lath.Steel band: adopt trapezoidal steel band.
Two. what the face of adopting started concrete pier stud both sides in back production Hou lane adds strong supporting temporarily:
As mentioned above, the country rock of gob side entry retaining is at experience III in the stage, and when old top comes that pressure is strong, sedimentation is when violent, strata behavior analysis of roadway manifests strongly, and rock deformation is large.Therefore the III stage need be added strong supporting, for ore deposit, press large stope especially true.If the pier stud supporting is enough strong, also can add strong supporting temporarily.
After the face back production of adopting starts, to ore deposit, press the both sides of concrete pier stud in large stope ， lane can add strong supporting temporarily, and with the propelling follow-up supporting of adopting face.Crossheading one side of concrete pier stud in lane, add strong supporting temporarily and be also adopt face direction of propulsion bearing pressure area of stress concentration add in advance strong supporting, scope starts by adopting outlet under face.Gob side entry retaining one side of concrete pier stud in lane, add strong supporting temporarily and also will lag behind and add strong supporting except adding in advance strong supporting, it is identical with crossheading one side that it adds the strong supporting scope in advance, its hysteresis adds the strong supporting scope and is extended to a segment distance thereafter by adopting the correspondence position exported under face, this segment distance maintenance ≮ 60m, exceed bearing pressure area of stress concentration scope, and with the propelling of adopting face, withdraw in time and move forward to lag behind and add the supporting of strong supporting rear end observation roof pressure and mining influence; When supporting can not meet the demands, will lengthening in time lags behind adds the length of strong supporting or/and density.
Stope shown in Figure 15 starts after back production to add the support layout plan of strong supporting temporarily.The diagram stope is fully mechanized coal face.Arrange the equipment of putting of combining between stope rib 18, goaf 20: integrated caving hydraulic support 19, flitting, front scraper conveyor, rear portion drag conveyor.
The both sides that start concrete pier stud in the Hou， lane in the face back production of adopting will add strong supporting temporarily.Haulage gate 3 one sides that temporarily add strong supporting concrete pier stud 2 in lane adopt Mixed support, and leading portion adopts a word beam to add individual prop 24 supportings, and back segment is adopted exit under face and adopted automatic moving type fortune along hydraulic support 23 supportings; Gob side entry retaining 1 one sides of concrete pier stud 2 in lane, add in advance strong supporting and adopt the automatic moving type rail along hydraulic support 22 supportings; Hysteresis adds strong supporting and adopts a word beam to add individual prop 21 supportings; Add in advance strong supporting segment limit ≮ 50m; Automatic moving type fortune all should have " anchor shaft anchor cable is dodged protection mechanism " along hydraulic support 23, automatic moving type rail along hydraulic support 22, on back timber, has with the movable panel of groove and the top of passing movable panel and adjusts jack.
Automatic moving type fortune can adopt patented technology " fully mechanized working faces along conveying end head bracket " (company of Yanzhou Mining Group patent of invention, the patent No.: ZL 200610045258.9, publication number: CN 101096911A) along hydraulic support 23.Two one group of patterns before and after this support is comprised of forward and backward support; Forward and backward support is the left and right unsymmetric structure, by work plane one side, is that short base, single column, clearance space are large; Its back timber is provided with " anchor shaft anchor cable is dodged protection mechanism ".This support aims at fully mechanized coal face fortune and designs along end support.
The automatic moving type rail can adopt patented technology " fully mechanized caving face along-track end bracket " (patent of invention of company of Yanzhou Mining Group, the patent No.: ZL 200710015658.X) along hydraulic support 22.This support is comprised of anchor support, advance timbering, face end support, machine tail end tail support.In the Yong Tazuo lane gob side entry retaining one side of concrete pier stud add strong supporting temporarily: add strong supporting in advance and hysteresis adds strong supporting, without its machine tail end tail support, but will increase at back timber " anchor shaft anchor cable is dodged protection mechanism ".When the face of adopting of next section starts back production, gob side entry retaining becomes the track crossheading that this section is adopted face, now with it, makes the track crossheading and adds in advance strong supporting temporarily, and four parts of " fully mechanized caving face along-track end bracket " all will be used.But still need to add " anchor shaft anchor cable is dodged protection mechanism " at back timber.This support aims at the fully mechanized caving face along-track end supporting and designs.Similarly support also has the patent " fully mechanized caving face along-track end bracket " (patent No.: ZL 200610070396.2) of company of Yanzhou Mining Group.
In order to protect the anchor pole or the anchor cable that stay the lane inside ceiling panel not to be damaged, to continue to use on the back timber of each hydraulic support in the ，Liu lane, " anchor shaft anchor cable is dodged protection mechanism " all should be set.This mechanism adjusts jack to form by movable panel, two ends and back timber on the back timber end face of hydraulic support and the hinged top of movable panel.Movable panel is that the ribbon groove is arranged on end face.Refer to foregoing invention patent " fully mechanized working faces along conveying end head bracket ".
In order to overcome mining influence twice: the impact of ahead work face bearing pressure is large, the ore deposit pressure manifests acutely, the drift section shrinkage factor is large and be out of shape large problem, at stope, advance pier stud in ,Yu lane, the place ahead to stay in Yi Ce tunnel, lane with the suitable hydraulic support advance support of automatic moving type rail, add the Support Resistance of forcing to stay in lane, reduce in lane the pressure that pier stud bears, reduce shrinkage factor and the distortion of drift section.
Be that big gun is adopted or during conventional face at stope, add in advance strong supporting and hysteresis temporarily and add strong supporting and can all adopt a word beam to add the hydraulic prop supporting.
Three. next section stope starts the strong supporting that adds of gob side entry retaining after back production:
After the face of adopting of next section starts back production, gob side entry retaining becomes the track crossheading that next section is adopted face, with the propelling of adopting face, add in advance strong supporting, and the supporting scope will exceed the bearing pressure area of stress concentration.
Mining influence stage for the second time: the impact of the remaining bearing pressure that the upper curtate back production causes and the stack of this section ahead work face bearing pressure, its surrouding rock deformation velocity ratio III stage, the mining influence stage is large for the first time, but scrap after back production in tunnel, need to not safeguard tunnel at the stope rear.
By adding in advance strong supporting, increase the Support Resistance in gob side entry retaining, reduce the distortion of the suffered load He Liu lane country rock of concrete pier stud in lane, when being reduced in the face of adopting and advancing, bearing pressure, to the impact that in lane, the concrete pier stud causes, keeps staying the stability in lane.
The method of gob side entry retaining of the present invention is particularly suited for base plate or/and the softer coal-face of top board adopts.
Other work-around solution of the present invention:
1. in lane, the cross section of concrete pier stud can be also square, rectangle, ellipse, polygon etc.For example: when in lane, concrete pier stud cross section is rectangle, the length of side: horizontal 600mm ± 100mm, vertical 800mm ± 200mm; In lane, the concrete pier stud is along channel spacing distance: center to center distance 3m～5m.But, take circular cross section as preferred.
2. the pier stud mould adopts detachable steel cylinder filling mould.In lane, the concrete pier stud is the concrete pier stud without muscle in the normal tape of steel sheet outer wall.Like this, pier stud need increase the supporting intensity that pier stud is improved in cross section.
3. in lane, the concrete pier stud is followed the construction of driving, ecto-entad: digging laneway first carries out the supporting of anchor rete cord, then in tunnel, reinforcing cage is installed in the middle of laterally, is installed the pier stud mould, with pumping concrete, to pour concrete in the pier stud mould, constructs concrete pier stud in lane.All the other are identical with embodiment.
4. construct divider wall with casting: after the face of adopting starts back production, propelling with stope, adopt in advance the face certain distance, pour concrete between the concrete pier stud in lane, construct " concrete divider wall " between pier stud, in concrete divider wall and lane, the concrete pier stud forms the roadside support body of prop in lane that is gob side entry retaining jointly.Crossover distance will exceed the scope of adopting face direction of propulsion bearing pressure area of stress concentration.The diameter of concrete pier stud in the width≤lane of concrete divider wall.After concrete divider wall pouring practice point, add strong supporting in the pour concrete divider wall in the ， lane in the tunnel of the concrete pier stud left and right sides, between what cast pier stud temporarily, and with the propelling of the pouring practice point supporting of following up.
Claims (10)
1. the method for a gob side entry retaining, crossheading phase of boring at stope, gob side entry retaining is made overall arrangements: using the crossheading of stope and gob side entry retaining be the adjacent crossheading that next section is adopted face " unite two into one ", as a tunnelling, construct " concrete pier stud in lane " supporting between the two, not only as supporting in the crossheading lane but also as the part of gob side entry retaining roadside support body; That is: widen the digging laneway section, and stand the reserved drift section area of shrinkage factor of twice Action of Fixed Abutment Pressure, concrete pier stud in casting reinforced concrete pier stud Ji“ lane, horizontal middle part, tunnel according to gob side entry retaining ", coordinate the anchor rete cord supporting in tunnel; In lane, the concrete pier stud is from the stope open-off cut to stopping adopting line along the alternate layout of digging laneway total length, and digging laneway " is divided into two ": a side is crossheading, and opposite side is gob side entry retaining; In lane, the concrete pier stud is constructed in the Hou， lane and is constructed " divider wall " between the concrete pier stud; Divider wall is connected the common roadside support body that forms gob side entry retaining with concrete pier stud in lane.
2. the method for gob side entry retaining according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in said lane the cross section of concrete pier stud be following shape one of them: circular, oval, polygon.
3. the method for gob side entry retaining according to claim 2 is characterized in that: said cross section is concrete pier stud in circular lane, is the concrete pier stud of muscle in the thin-wall steel pipe band, outer wall be thin-wall steel pipe, in establish the concrete pier stud of cage of reinforcement; Diameter 500～800mm, along the center distance of tunnel bearing of trend: 1.5m～5m.
4. the method for gob side entry retaining according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in said thin-wall steel pipe band, the construction method of the concrete pier stud of muscle is: in intermediate settings position, tunnel, install the pier stud mould, reinforcing cage is placed in the pier stud mould in advance, pour into a mould to the pier stud mould with pumping concrete, construct concrete pier stud in lane; The pier stud mould adopts binodal drawing and pulling type steel cylinder fixed mould; The upper and lower end mould that this mould is thin-wall steel pipe by outer wall forms, and the upper end mould is embedded in pull slip up and down in the mould of lower end, after cast, is the steel cylinder outer wall of pier stud; The adjustable reinforcing cage of longitudinal length consisted of upper and lower end reinforcing cage grafting one is the pier stud skeleton; The concrete casting equipment of concrete pier stud: concrete pump, mixer, upper material conveyer and supporting electric fixtures, be arranged on the car of square position, moved construction; Draw and move by the continuous pulling winch traction that is arranged on digging laneway gob side entry retaining side.
5. the method for gob side entry retaining according to claim 1 is characterized in that: concrete pier stud, divider wall in said lane, the two construct sequential be in tunnelling after open-off cut, construct concrete pier stud lane from open-off cut segmentation from inside to outside; After concrete pier stud pour concrete solidifies in the lane of a segmentation, construct the divider wall of same segmentation; Partition wall construction hysteresis pier stud construction 2～5 piers; After the divider wall of last segmentation has been constructed, carry out constructing of next segmentation; At interval of in a segment distance ， lane between the concrete pier stud slot milling every making pedestrian, vent passages; After back production starts with the propelling of stope, in advance by space every filling one by one divider wall.
6. the method for gob side entry retaining according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that: said divider wall, in its construction method Shi lane between the concrete pier stud, utilize the upper and lower link that is connected and fixed gauze wire cloth that is exclusively used in of pier stud mould outer wall one side, hang gauze wire cloth and asbestos shingle, gauze wire cloth, asbestos shingle are vertically hung and are unified into planar walls one along the tangent plane of a side along pier stud fortune, and, at the thick concrete of pulp shooting machine whitewashing 50～200mm for gob side entry retaining one side, build up divider wall.
7. the method for gob side entry retaining according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said divider wall, construct " concrete divider wall " with casting; Construct sequential and be after this section is adopted face and started back production, advance with stope, construct between the concrete pier stud in leading 15～28Tian lane " concrete divider wall "; Connect reinforcing bar in construction method Shi lane between the concrete pier stud, filling mould between pier stud is installed, pumping concrete is to filling mould between pier stud, pour concrete divider wall; Simultaneously, add strong supporting after the what setting temporarily, and advance the follow-up supporting with setting.
8. the method for gob side entry retaining according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said stope is that the stope large, that roadway deformation is large is pressed in ore deposit, adopting concrete pier stud both sides in face back production Hou， lane adds strong supporting temporarily and advances the follow-up supporting with the face of adopting; Concrete pier stud crossheading one side in lane, add strong supporting temporarily and be and add in advance strong supporting at the leading bearing pressure area of stress concentration of the face of adopting; Concrete pier stud gob side entry retaining one side in lane, add that strong supporting comprises in advance, lagging behind adds strong supporting temporarily, add in advance the strong supporting scope identical with crossheading one side, hysteresis adds the strong supporting scope and is extended to a segment distance thereafter by adopting outlet correspondence position under face, adopt face rear support pressure stresses concentration zones, advance to withdraw in time and move forward to lag behind with the face of adopting and add the supporting of strong supporting rear end observation roof pressure and mining influence; Lengthen in time to lag behind when supporting can not meet the demands and add strong supporting length or/and density; After next section is adopted face and is started back production, in gob side entry retaining, be the track crossheading that next section is adopted face, with the face of adopting, advance and add in advance strong supporting, the supporting scope is leading bearing pressure area of stress concentration.
9. the method for gob side entry retaining according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: saidly add strong supporting temporarily, in lane, crossheading one side of concrete pier stud adopts Mixed support: leading portion adopts a word beam to add the individual prop supporting, and back segment is adopted exit under face and adopted automatic moving type fortune along hydraulic support stand; Gob side entry retaining one side of concrete pier stud in lane, leading, hysteresis adds strong supporting and all adopts the suitable hydraulic support of automatic moving type rail or/and a word beam adds the individual prop supporting; Automatic moving type fortune all has " anchor shaft anchor cable is dodged protection mechanism " along hydraulic support, automatic moving type rail along hydraulic support, on back timber, has with the movable panel of groove and the top tune jack of passing movable panel.
10. the pier stud die assembly of the method special use of gob side entry retaining according to claim 1, is characterized in that: comprise steel cylinder mould, reinforcing cage and clip; The steel cylinder mould is binodal drawing and pulling type steel cylinder fixed mould, upper and lower end mould (7,9), consists of; Upper end mould (7) comprises upper end cylinder (16) and centring ring (17) thereof; Lower end mould (9) comprises lower end cylinder (21) and centring ring (17) thereof; Upper and lower end cylinder (16,21) is thin-wall steel pipe; Centring ring (17) is the steel ring for the reinforcing cage location; Upper end cylinder (16) lower end is embedded in lower end cylinder (21) and can slides up and down; Upper and lower end cylinder (16,21) is the foot stall steel drum outer wall; Reinforcing cage is connected and is formed by upper and lower end reinforcing cage (8,10), and the two (8,10) form by the longitudinal reinforcement (18) of steel ring (19) and excircle welding thereof; There is reinforced bar jointing sleeve pipe (20) lower end reinforcing cage (10) longitudinal reinforcement upper end, in the reinforced bar jointing sleeve pipe (20) of upper end reinforcing cage (8) longitudinal reinforcement lower end insertion lower end reinforcing cage (10), forming the adjustable reinforcing cage of longitudinal length is the pier stud skeleton; On upper end cylinder (16) barrel, upper link (13) is arranged, there is grouting port (14) at barrel place suitable for reading; On lower end cylinder (21) barrel, lower link (12) is arranged; The upper and lower link (13,12) that connection gauze wire cloth or reinforcing bar are used forms by two longitudinal reinforcement framves; Upper and lower two pairs of reinforced frames are identical in the orientation in cylinder cross section correspondence; The reinforced frame position has two kinds: a kind of is reinforced frame deflection upper and lower side cylinder one side, every two reinforced frames are the radially angle in cylinder cross section<45 °, the reinforced frame radial height coordinates with angle radially, makes between every two reinforced frame outer surfaces formed plane and pier stud outer round surface tangent; Another kind is the both sides, front and back that upper and lower every two reinforced frames are separately positioned on the upper and lower side cylinder, symmetrical; The both sides, front and back refer to the front and back of tunneling direction.Be with the clip (11) of fixing pneumatic vibrating head outside the steel cylinder mould.
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| CN 201110267050 CN102337904B (en) | 2011-09-09 | 2011-09-09 | Method for retaining gob-side tunnel |
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| CN 201110267050 CN102337904B (en) | 2011-09-09 | 2011-09-09 | Method for retaining gob-side tunnel |
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| CN102337904B true CN102337904B (en) | 2013-12-18 |
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| CN112761718B (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2023-03-10 | 太原理工大学 | Method for controlling residual subsidence of earth surface by filling paste material structure |
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