CN102333687B - Device and method for a rail vehicle - Google Patents
Device and method for a rail vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN102333687B CN102333687B CN200980154759.2A CN200980154759A CN102333687B CN 102333687 B CN102333687 B CN 102333687B CN 200980154759 A CN200980154759 A CN 200980154759A CN 102333687 B CN102333687 B CN 102333687B
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- axle
- vehicle
- acceleration
- guideway vehicle
- acceleration pick
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or trains or setting of track apparatus
- B61L25/02—Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or trains
- B61L25/028—Determination of vehicle position and orientation within a train consist, e.g. serialisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
- B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
- B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
- B60T17/228—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices for railway vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/18—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to vehicle weight or load, e.g. load distribution
- B60T8/1893—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to vehicle weight or load, e.g. load distribution especially adapted for railway vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/321—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
- B60T8/3235—Systems specially adapted for rail vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/321—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
- B60T8/329—Systems characterised by their speed sensor arrangements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
- B61L15/0054—Train integrity supervision, e.g. end-of-train [EOT] devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
- B61L15/0081—On-board diagnosis or maintenance
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or trains or setting of track apparatus
- B61L25/02—Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or trains
- B61L25/021—Measuring and recording of train speed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or trains or setting of track apparatus
- B61L25/02—Indicating or recording positions or identities of vehicles or trains
- B61L25/026—Relative localisation, e.g. using odometer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/02—Devices characterised by the use of mechanical means
- G01P3/16—Devices characterised by the use of mechanical means by using centrifugal forces of solid masses
- G01P3/22—Devices characterised by the use of mechanical means by using centrifugal forces of solid masses transferred to the indicator by electric or magnetic means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to devices and to methods concerning the arrangement of a sensor on the shaft of a rail vehicle.
Description
The present invention relates to the apparatus and method for measuring equipment and/or the checkout facility of guideway vehicle.
Guideway vehicle provides numerous possibilities that measuring equipment or checkout facility is fixed thereon conventionally.Nearly all these possibilities all require the complex match of fixed mechanism in the different situation of track vehicle type.In addition, many measuring equipments and checkout facility require leave or be not obstructed as far as possible from guideway vehicle passage out to guideway vehicle or injection vehicle and from guideway vehicle, for example, so that via radiotelex transmission of data.Therefore, conventionally measuring equipment and/or checkout facility are fixed on the outer upper area of guideway vehicle, yet this is due to the most different being associated with large degree of difficulty with the topside that may change on guideway vehicle.Some fixedly possibility for example the fixedly possibility on chassis only in additional security inspection, pay attention to, this makes these fixed mechanisms expensive and have no attraction.
Task of the present invention is to provide the apparatus and method for guideway vehicle, in fact existing at work in the situation that the optimum mode of operation of the device being fixed and the general of guideway vehicle and simply coupling.
According to an aspect of the present invention, device be configured to make its can with the axle coupling of the Vehicle Axles of guideway vehicle.Coupling can advantageously realize by the coiling to axle.According to the present invention, recognize, be arranged on the axle of guideway vehicle special advantage is provided.Especially, the minority that the axle of guideway vehicle belongs to guideway vehicle only allows aspect its version, there are being the parts of little deviation.Typically, roughly only use in the world two kinds of diameters.This provides following possibility: by installing for example sensor, analytic unit etc., in uncomplicated especially and simple mode, be arranged on guideway vehicle.Especially, for installing this device additional, simplified especially by being arranged on the axle of guideway vehicle guideway vehicle.Can save security inspection afterwards.For the nearly all method of measurement and inspection method that will carry out, on one or more axles of guideway vehicle, arrange that corresponding sensor and relative electronic system provide surprising advantage on guideway vehicle.This is hereinafter by becoming clear for the many-sided description of crowd of the present invention.
This device can, with power fit system and axle coupling, make not occur the movement with respect to axle in the work of guideway vehicle.Especially, this device should be coupled with axle, makes the motion together that rotatablely moves along with axle when axle rotates of this device.
This device for example can be fixed on axle around the band of axle looper by one (or a plurality of).At this, the side towards axle of device and/or clamping band can have knot.Side towards axle also can build according to the form of tire surface.Thus, on axle, form as far as possible little areal of support.Can build this face or knot, to be conducive to liquid, from axial flow, go out.This all can reduce the corrosion to axle, and it can be critical aspects in the situation that of this fixed form.
This device can advantageously be coupled with axle, makes not occur notch effect (Kerbwirkung) on axle.This device can be coupled with axle, makes not damage the coating layer being placed on axle.Thus, the power effect of this device and axle coupling can be adjusted to and make this power effect constant too much.This device or anchor fitting (for example band) can have the material softer than the coating layer on axle.This device or anchor fitting (for example band) can have the material softer than the steel of axle.
This device can be advantageously disposed on axle, makes this dress not be arranged on Zhou center.Cong Zhou sets out at center or along the slightly mobile of axial direction, for mechanical reason, especially can provide advantage from the center of guideway vehicle.In addition for different expansion scheme, can realize to the boresight of transfer cask or its downside like this.Also the rotation of which as this device around axle of can take if desired provides more spaces.Thus also can be so that install easily.
According to an aspect of the present invention, this device especially can comprise electronic system.Electronic system can build for detection of vehicle data or data or the information associated with vehicle.Although there is problem detection actual the seeming being arranged on the axle of guideway vehicle for mass data, some particularly advantageous application possibilities are proved.
The present invention also provides for the location of guideway vehicle or the apparatus and method of location positioning.So this device can advantageously be configured to the radiolocation method of carrying out.The use of the radio base station (focus) that radiolocation method is can position-based fixing.At this, this device can be structured on the axle of guideway vehicle, to work in the scope of wireless radio net.
Can build this device according to a further aspect in the invention, to implement radiolocation method based on satellite navigation method.Radiolocation method especially can be based on galileo satellite navigation system.Radiolocation method also can be used global positioning system (GPS).For this reason, especially gps receiver can be arranged on the axle of guideway vehicle.
In the time of on the axle that gps receiver is arranged on to guideway vehicle, especially to note the reflection being caused by guideway vehicle and block.Therefore will be advantageous that: device edge with respect to guideway vehicle on axle is laterally moved in the axial direction.
The present invention also provides for determining the apparatus and method of the loading condition of guideway vehicle.In a favourable expansion scheme, this device can have the electronic system that is suitable for carrying out the range observation between axle and guideway vehicle downside.This is installed on is can be for determining the loading condition of guideway vehicle.Range observation between axle and guideway vehicle downside can be by wireless method, especially in the situation that using radio signal, realize.Especially can be by pulsed radio signal for the range observation between axle and guideway vehicle downside.This pulsed radio signal can advantageously be sent by the device being arranged on axle.In the situation that using pulsed radio signal, the range observation between axle and guideway vehicle downside can realize by the backscattered measurement of paired pulses formula radio signal.For this reason, can advantageously corresponding detected electrons system be arranged in this device on axle.
In another form of implementation, ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver can be set in this device, by it, can measure the interval travel time between the known object of sound wave on axis and compartment downside.At this, useful meeting is: only have acceleration pick-up in being arranged on this device sonac to be detected when definite anglec of rotation (the upper summit of the favourable earth's axis), just carry out and measure.
The present invention also provides for determining the apparatus and method of the quality of guideway vehicle.Can advantageously analyze the output signal of the acceleration pick-up on the axle that is arranged on guideway vehicle for this reason.The quality of boxcar can be determined in the following way: boxcar is impacting (passing through of (Rangiersto β), track switch impacted in transition) afterwards to vibrate for the typical mode of quality (frequency, amplitude).By the acceleration pick-up on axle (axis), can aspect direction and intensity, determine impact, by another sensor on chassis or can determine this vibration by identical acceleration pick-up.From these take off data, can determine the quality in compartment and in the situation that known vehicle is conducted oneself with dignity, determine load quality and determine thus loading condition.By impact the vibration produce in axis also can by be placed in suitable structure-borne sound sensor in the housing of this device (
) determine.Thus, be arranged on axis than being arranged on vehicle or at wheel hub or taking turns preferably.
The present invention also provides a kind of detection of the statistics for motoring condition " apply brake " to reduce to combine in order to determine the method for brake wear with speed.In this analysis, be fixed on an axle of guideway vehicle or at least one signal of the sensor on a plurality of axle.Then, from sensor signal, derive acceleration/accel or the speed of guideway vehicle.Then it relatively and from wherein derivation speed change and where derive from the state (implement or do not implement) of braking.From wherein deriving equally the wearing and tearing of braking.Analyze and be correspondingly configured to the wearing and tearing of determining braking by the state of activation of sensor signal (or acceleration pick-up) and braking.Analysis can be carried out in the device on the axle of guideway vehicle.When operational brake, although for example train is also accelerating or its not corresponding slowing down of travelling, this analysis can be only also the partial analysis for example only showing with error code.Being arranged on the axle of guideway vehicle is particularly advantageous for this measurement.
In another favourable expansion scheme, this device especially can be constructed as the braking that detects guideway vehicle.For this reason, this device can advantageously comprise the structure-borne sound sensor with the coupling part to axle (axis).The frequency of braking procedure and time length are for the wearing and tearing of vehicle and are the critical metrics of the maintenance requirements of vehicle thus.Being connected to of firmly form fit by wheel disc and axis realized good acoustics between it and transmitted.Be positioned at the coupling of the sensor in the side of axle of this device and the acoustics of axle via Middleware implementation, the good communication that this middleware can implementation structure sound, however do not damage the coating layer on axle.The strong friction generation of the execution of braking by wheel disc can be by the remarkable change of the structure-borne sound of sensor measurement.Advantageously, use the survey frequency between several hertz to 2000 hertz.Analytical electron system can be in the situation that be used additional speed signal to carry out the corresponding calibration of two states " brake off " and " apply brake ".At this, in the situation that the acoustics profile of the braking vehicle acceleration of removing detects and be used to comparison with statistical way.Another improvement that detects brake wear with statistical way is to comprise braking energy, and it can be determined by the acceleration pick-up on axle.By determine thus, during motoring condition " apply brake " the reducing of speed (or delay), the abrasion analysis for afterwards can be determined and store to the intensity of braking.It is particularly advantageous being arranged on the axle of guideway vehicle, because the impact of interfering background noise and decay are little at this.
This device also can advantageously comprise temperature sensor.Conventionally, this temperature sensor can be for detection of ambient temperature.Temperature survey also can be advantageously used in overheated (Heisslaufen) of the bearing of determining guideway vehicle.Especially, can determine temperature by infrared pickoff.So corresponding infrared pickoff can be advantageously disposed in this device on axle equally.Arrange (two) temperature sensor, especially infrared pickoff be arranged in and inspect direction and in this device of wheel inner side, can be advantageously used in detection so-called hot box (Heisslaeufer), because bearing is positioned on the opposite side of wheel just.At this, be arranged in that on axle, also to prove be particularly advantageous.
In another favourable expansion scheme, further build the device on the axle that is advantageously disposed on guideway vehicle, to carry out the location positioning of guideway vehicle according to spatial filter method (Ortsfilterverfahren).Spatial filter method can be based on to the former local mode recording with reference to mode with geographic coordinates of the measuring amount that can be detected by this device and/or feature comparison.Especially, it can be based on detect and store accekeration (direction change, the vertical direction change in upward slope circuit or descending circuit situation, path profile repeatedly, acceleration profile, the velocity profile that direction in the impact causing by track and the track switch of passing through, track switch changes, causes by turning for example slow down when crossing station, length of the halt and electromagnetic wave) repeatedly with reference to mode with geographic coordinates.For this reason, this device can advantageously have radio receiver and corresponding antenna, by it, can receive the electromagnetic wave of different frequency limits.The accekeration detecting like this can be associated with definite track section with electromagnetic pattern.Even compare and also can realize location or the location positioning of guideway vehicle with which and method in the situation that there is no satellite navigation by the record of the geographic coordinates reference with former.This device can be constructed as the electromagnetic wave in the frequency limit being received in below 100MHz and determines local pattern by it.This device can be constructed as the electromagnetic wave in the frequency limit being received in below 1MHz and determines thus local mode.This device can be constructed as and is received in the electromagnetic wave in the above and frequency limit below 900MHz of 100MHz and determines local mode by it.This device can be constructed as the electromagnetic wave in the frequency limit being received in more than 2.4GHz and determines local mode by it.Location positioning can be advantageously the combination of satellite navigation method and Satellite Navigation Set and spatial filter method.
Spatial filter method also can be based on turn (Kurven) detection.For this reason, consider to use acceleration pick-up.Advantageously, so in can the device of degree of will speed up sensor setting on axle.Spatial filter method also can be based on acceleration/accel detection.Especially, by wheel, on definite track section, roll to produce determine, special pattern or feature can the analyzed position for detection of guideway vehicle.
Spatial filter method also can be based on acoustic signal.Especially, being installed on the axle of guideway vehicle is also can have acoustic sensor, such as microphone or structure-borne sound sensor etc.So acoustic signal for example can be for detection of the braking action of guideway vehicle.In addition, can be by accekeration and/or with acoustically and methods analyst track section, track switch, turning etc.For this reason, according to device of the present invention, can determine position or the relative position of the guideway vehicle on track section, or further transmit corresponding data, these data are used to determine position or speed and other vehicle operation parameter at track outside vehicle.
According to another favourable aspect of the present invention, this device also can be constructed as based on image detection and carries out spatial filter method.For this reason, this device can have imageing sensor or luminance sensor.This sensor can be check point, line or graphicinformation, brightness or color or aberration or the luminance difference of face.So these detection signals equally can be for determining the position of guideway vehicle.
In order to determine position by spatial filter, the sub-fraction of boxcar fleet can advantageously be equipped with sensor and accurate satellite navigation receiver (for example GPS, Galileo, EGNOS (European geostationary satellite navigation augmentation system), AGPS (auxiliary global satellite positioning system), DGPS (differencial global positioning system)).The position of determined take off data and determined measurement and constantly in conjunction with and by local storage or for example, via dedicated radio link (GSM (global system for mobile communications), satellite communication), send data bank to for later analysis.Thus, build " map of location-specific acceleration/accel or radiowave etc. ".So remaining larger part of boxcar fleet can only be equipped with cheap sensor.At this, do not need accurate, expensive satellite navigation receiver.By received take off data and " map " that be recorded in data bank are relatively come to determine position.Relatively can carry out at sensor or in database system.In order to carry out relatively, the related data from data bank is transferred to sensor via dedicated radio link (GSM, satellite communication, local wireless electric network) in sensor.Yet, for example, for transmitting particularly advantageously " digital broadcasting " method (DAB (digital sound broadcast)) of these data, because from central authorities' (data bank) to the identical data of many sensor transmissions (" map ") (1:n relation).
By the odometer sensor the following describes, can accurately further calculate (coupling method) from position definite " map ".Proof: by the method, the accurate location of track is possible.This especially (triggers warning red (Rottenwarnung)) in transition work and in track construction work is important.
Be equipped with the peanut of the boxcar fleet of satellite navigation to be enough to guarantee constantly automatically upgrade " map ".
Provide according to an aspect of the present invention as lower device, it is configured to the compartment sequence of determining guideway vehicle.In the case, can in the motion of determining the moment, determine by compartment the relative position in compartment.For this reason, can advantageously motion sensor be fixed on guideway vehicle.Motion sensor can be advantageously disposed on the axle in a compartment and/or a plurality of compartments.Advantageously, motion sensor is positioned on each compartment of guideway vehicle or train.So realize determining of motion by motion sensor.In a favourable expansion scheme, motion sensor can be arranged on the acceleration pick-up on the axle of guideway vehicle.
According to prior art, director train-examiner must check that whether the sequence in train consist list and compartment is correct by hand.Inspection is consuming time and trouble.According to this aspect of the present invention, the compartment of train or guideway vehicle is equipped with the device according to this aspect of the present invention.Especially, device is arranged on the axle of guideway vehicle in mode according to the present invention.In a form of implementation, the time when each this device of device storage when starting on axle starts.Axle sends to adjacent axle by measured cranking time and its current time or for collecting the communication unit of all data.The transmission of current time is synchronous for clock, makes data sink can very accurately determine poor aspect the cranking time of axle.Because the high resiliency of compartment energy disperser is connected with nowadays common hook, train has sizable spring effect in the vertical.Especially when carrying out train transition or braking by locomotive engine, there is the compression of train.Thus, the moment that the motion in each single compartment starts when tractive train subsequently postpones.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of for determining the method for the compartment sequence of guideway vehicle (that is to say the guideway vehicle with a plurality of compartments, i.e. train).At this, analyzed together with the moment of the moment of the motion first in the compartment of guideway vehicle and the motion first in another compartment of guideway vehicle, for determining the relative position in these two compartments.Motion advantageously relates to propulsion and the reverse in compartment.Motion can determine that by settling the motion sensor of motion value determines, motion value is filtered or evaluate, to eliminate simple vibration or disturb.This aspect of the present invention is based on following understanding: guideway vehicle when starting in different moment motions.Spring effect due to the power-transfer clutch in the compartment of guideway vehicle causes time delay when starting between each compartment.Therefore, the method according to this invention is especially based on following principle: determine the moment of motion and motion and for determining compartment sequence.At this, it is fault-tolerant especially and favourable sensor being arranged on the axle in compartment.
For initial definite train sequence of moving by train alternatively, this determine also can be by for example, relatively realizing the time of the appearance of external event (track switch of passing through) during travelling.This aspect of the present invention is based on following understanding: all compartments of the train in motion in the limited time for example, through thering is the position of particular characteristics (unevenness).The track switch of passing through is recorded and is provided with the timestamp of the clock of synchronized operation in all devices by all compartments.In order to check authenticity, in this event, can advantageously store the present speed in compartment.This speed must be approximate identical in all events in the compartment of relevant train, because all compartments of train travel with identical speed.Event relatively can any device in train in carry out or carry out in the other another location of train.Corresponding analysis case (Auswertebox) also can be arranged on targetedly has a mind to for example trigger, on the position (track switch) of this event generation.
According to an aspect of the present invention, analyze, the moment relatively can carry out in the device on the axle of guideway vehicle.
In addition, the analyzing adjuncts of the radio signal strength between axle are realized to validity check: thus can be by the compartment starting at same time filtering from the compartment table of this train on other tracks in identical station.
According to a further aspect in the invention, analyze and also can in the analytic unit of track outside vehicle, carry out.
Analyze and also can advantageously in the portable unit of track outside vehicle, carry out, this device checks that by bearing the personnel of compartment sequence task operate.So hand-held device is configured to the initial moment of motion that receives and compare each compartment.In another expansion scheme, in this device on the axle in compartment, carry out.
According on the other hand, the analysis in the moment of motion first in compartment also can be in the compartment of guideway vehicle, especially in locomotive engine or hauling engine, carry out.The moment of for this reason, moving first can be sent by the sensor on axle to next sensor of next axle in next compartment.In the case, especially can between the sensor on the axle in the compartment of guideway vehicle, build self-organizing network (Ad-hoc-Netwerk).At this, the device on the axle in the compartment of guideway vehicle can send data respectively to next device on axle, and it transmits again these data, until finally reach the compartment that can analyze or the position on train thereon.Therefore, thus, this Plant arrangement is particularly advantageous on axle.
Motion can be advantageously the rolling movement of the wheel of guideway vehicle.Therefore, in favourable expansion scheme, sensor especially can be arranged in the device on the axle that is fixed on guideway vehicle, and these sensors are suitable for determining the rotation of wheel.When being fixed with thereon while as one man rotating with the axle of Vehicle Axles of the device of corresponding sensor and the rotation of wheel, can be with the relevant motion that detects the rotation of wheel and detect thus compartment or guideway vehicle of rotatablely moving of axle.Especially, so timer or real-time clock can be arranged in this device to the moment that its account for motion starts.So motion starts to be provided with absolute (real-time clock) timestamp or relative (the common timer that is subject to clock control) timestamp.In the analytic unit of device outside that in another embodiment, also can be on axle from wireless network, extract constantly by time-based position fixing system (GPS) or external time reference (timer or real-time clock).So the device on the axle of guideway vehicle is initial by only signaling or translatory movement.So, can be advantageously by the ID in axle and/or compartment (identification number) and data link.The ID of axle for example can be arranged in the non-volatile memory (ROM, EEPROM (erasable programmable read only memory)) in the device on axle.So ID can be clear and definite number, it only occurs respectively once unique.So understand unique for the whole service life of axle and carry out definitely for axle distributes ID.The distribution of compartment ID can advantageously be located as compartment equipment wheel set and axle thereof or carry out after maintenance station is changed in maker.So ID can be used to the indicating device that the motion in compartment starts.When a large amount of compartments start in succession, so this is correlated with.So, in short time interval, can there is continuously a large amount of message: motion starts.To distinguishing over of the axle of setting in motion and/or compartment be can the one or more analytic units on one or more axles or in tractor truck (locomotive engine) in or in the external portable unit in compartment, carry out.
Motion detection can be advantageously by relatively carrying out the signal of being reported by motion sensor and threshold value.When motor message has certain continuity on threshold value, just signal or determine that starting starts.This can be favourable, to get rid of impact and interference in short-term.
According to an aspect of the present invention, this device can comprise acceleration pick-up.Acceleration pick-up can be suitable for determining along the static acceleration of at least one first axle (along axis for example in the direction of Cartesian coordinates).Acceleration pick-up can be arranged on the rotating body of guideway vehicle, this body rotates in response to the travelling motion of vehicle, make acceleration pick-up in the situation that rotatablely move (proportional with moving velocity) of the wheel of vehicle moves, thereby make the component of the terrestrial gravitation acceleration/accel measured by acceleration pick-up because the Angulation changes of first axle with respect to earth gravity field changes.That is, acceleration pick-up can and experience in earth gravity field and rotatablely move, and this acceleration pick-up therein of axis determines that the position of static acceleration (for example terrestrial gravitation acceleration/accel) can change thus.Acceleration pick-up can be exported the signal that characterizes measured acceleration/accel.
Other aspects of acceleration pick-up have been further described below.These aspects can be advantageously and definite combination of compartment sequence.Equally, for example locate every other aspect of the present invention, network forms, brake action is determined, temperature survey etc. can be advantageously and this aspect of the present invention and the combination of other aspects.Be specially adapted to these aspects of the present invention: these aspects have benefited from this Plant arrangement on the axle of guideway vehicle.
It is a kind of for determining the method for the compartment sequence of guideway vehicle that the present invention also provides.So guideway vehicle can comprise a plurality of compartments.At this, the moment for example the same external mechanical action to compartment being occurred is compared to each other.For this reason, signal is advantageously fixed on the biosensor analysis on the axle in compartment.Sensor can be acceleration pick-up.
It is a kind of for checking regularly the method for the integrity of train of guideway vehicle that the present invention also provides, and this guideway vehicle comprises a plurality of compartments.At this, can by current definite train sequence respectively with as the train sequence comparison of benchmark.Determine that current train sequence is fixed on the sensor on one or more axles in compartment signal by analysis realizes.
The device of determining the sequence of train in externally event described above also can be advantageously used on the optional position along circuit and check integrity of train.For this reason, only need to determine while starting and be stored in train sequence in analytical equipment and the comparison between current definite train sequence travelling.Analysis can be carried out in the analytical electron system being arranged on train, or for example, is undertaken by (settling in orbit) fixing equipment in position.Favourable can be also: all in analytical equipment established data via wide-area wireless, be electrically connected to (for example GSM) and send central authorities to, and carry out there the centralized analysis about integrity of train.The latter provides following possibility: when no longer providing integrity of train, start immediately other action.
Can advantageously build described above for determining the method for train sequence, to generate the list in the compartment of train.At this, can advantageously build the analysis to the sensor signal on one or more axles in a compartment at train or all compartments, make to determine tissue (Zusammenstellug) or the so-called compartment sequence of train.This is called train name (Zugtaufe).Particularly advantageously the precise synchronization of clock that, for this reason need to be in each device.
In braking test, before train sets out, by engine driver's middle ground, by the air pressure improving and be reduced in primary air passage, first operating in a controlled manner all drgs of train and throwing off again subsequently these drgs.Upcheck suitable pressure sensor component or the record in brake rod in brake-pressure loop analyze the displacement pickup changing and realize that for the drg in single compartment, in fact whether to react.If the drg in all compartments successfully reacts, by braking, test.Substantially, in illustrated method, there is following problem: " common " service braking and braking test are distinguished.For this reason, according to this aspect of the present invention, can advantageously in the device on the axle of guideway vehicle, motion sensor be set, its output signal can be analyzed, for distinguishing the guideway vehicle that travels and static guideway vehicle.Because only first the drg of being thrown off is enabled to (im Stand angelegt) and throw off again subsequently in the situation that carrying out braking test, and do not change its speed at this train, so device also can this aspect according to the present invention is advantageously built and for braking test.
According to an aspect of the present invention, also provide a kind of wireless network, its parts (node of network) are in the situation that used the device on the axle of guideway vehicle to limit.Especially, node of network can be positioned on the axle in compartment of train.Network can preferably have the characteristic of wireless self-organizing network.At this, can design: the device on the axle of guideway vehicle is spontaneously defined as relevant network of network node.In another expansion scheme, a part for electronic system (definite sensor etc.) can be arranged on the axle of guideway vehicle and another part of this electronic system can be placed in the telematics unit on the another location of guideway vehicle centralizedly.Thus, train organize unrestricted.
According to a favourable expansion scheme, then data transmission can be along network from guideway vehicle the device of (or on axle) to for example, related device on adjacent guideway vehicle (another compartment of identical train) (especially to the device on the axle in the device on the axle in this compartment of train or another compartment) carry out.Can cross over large distance along freight train or manned train thus.So single assembly only must be sent to next compartment (or axle).Thus, remarkable conserve energy.Authentication routine and authorization routine and verify data and authorization data can be set in this device.Especially, can carry out relevant to guideway vehicle.In a form of implementation, this device can be programmed to the relevant of guideway vehicle about it.Thus, avoid the mistake of the network that formed by the device on guideway vehicle to form (Fehlzusammensetzungen).So network can be constructed as the compartment sequence of determining train.In addition, network can build every other aspect according to the present invention, as it is described before this and afterwards.
The present invention also relates to a kind of guideway vehicle that is used to and install the method as lower device additional, this device is fixed on the axle of this guideway vehicle.Fixing can advantageously realization by the band around axle looper.Therefore, the present invention has following task: be provided for monitoring guideway vehicle, the apparatus and method of boxcar especially, it is suitable for using in guideway vehicle and especially can realizes simply for guideway vehicle installs this device additional.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of for monitoring the device of the guideway vehicle with wheel.According to this aspect of the present invention, this device can comprise acceleration pick-up.Acceleration pick-up can be suitable for determining along the static acceleration of at least one first axle (along axis for example the direction of Cartesian coordinates).Acceleration pick-up can be arranged on the rotating body of guideway vehicle, this rotating body rotates in response to the travelling motion of vehicle, make acceleration pick-up motion when the rotatablely moving of the wheel of vehicle (proportional with moving velocity), thereby make component by the measured terrestrial gravitation acceleration/accel of acceleration pick-up because the Angulation changes of first axle with respect to earth gravity field changes.So acceleration pick-up can and experience in earth gravity field, rotatablely move, this acceleration pick-up therein of axis determines that the position of static acceleration (for example terrestrial gravitation acceleration/accel) can change thus.Acceleration pick-up can be exported the signal that characterizes measured acceleration/accel.This device can comprise analytic unit, and this analytic unit is configured to, and receives the output signal of acceleration pick-up, and this output signal illustrates measured acceleration/accel; And based on this output signal, determine moving velocity and/or the mileage of guideway vehicle.Analytic unit can be constructed as determines at least mileage or moving velocity from the curve of the accekeration about the time.In addition, analytic unit can be constructed as at least one breakdown signal detecting from the signal of acceleration pick-up.As also will illustrated subsequently, can advantageously a plurality of acceleration pick-ups be arranged on the axle of guideway vehicle with relative to each other fixing angle.
Although can being the one or more of guideway vehicle, rotating body takes turns itself.Yet rotating body advantageously only as one man moves with wheel coupling and with rotatablely moving of wheel, this has reflected the change at the output signal of acceleration pick-up corresponding to the motion with vehicle.When the wheel girth of wheel and the relation between the rotation of wheel and the rotation of acceleration pick-up are when known, for example, can from sensor signal (change of static acceleration), calculate the mileage of vehicle.Therefore, wheel girth or the diameter of wheel are advantageously stored in analytic unit.In addition, analytic unit can be constructed as instantaneous speed or the acceleration/accel of determining guideway vehicle from sensor signal.
According to a favourable aspect of the present invention, acceleration pick-up is for example arranged on and takes turns on the next to axis or axle of Vehicle Axles of coupling, make acceleration pick-up in the situation that the normal forward direction of train travels or after to travelling in the rotatablely moving of wheel around the center-point motion (for example, with the identical velocity of rotation of the wheel with on axle) of axle.The output signal of the acceleration pick-up forming thus flows to analytic unit, and this analytic unit is suitable for determining based on this output signal the mileage of guideway vehicle.When guideway vehicle moves continuously along a direction, acceleration pick-up is around the axle motion of the Vehicle Axles of guideway vehicle, and the angle that acceleration pick-up is measured the axis of static acceleration with it changes with respect to earth gravity field (or in earth gravity field) (with respect to the field wire of earth gravity field).What this was suitable for all the time is, acceleration pick-up rotates in earth gravity field or generally speaking in the static gravitational field of planet, as long as the axis experience that acceleration pick-up can determination of acceleration is therein with respect to the Angulation changes of gravitational field, the change that makes to draw measured acceleration/accel.Meanwhile, this aspect of the present invention also can realize and determine accekeration and it is relevant to definite fault group unintentionally.
Creation analysis unit according to a further aspect in the invention, to determine (be not directly guideway vehicle but single Vehicle Axles) mileage of the complete Vehicle Axles that consists of wheel and axle or boxcar axletree.So this has great meaning especially when the Vehicle Axles of guideway vehicle is replaced.Thus, single Vehicle Axles can have the mileage different from another Vehicle Axles of identical guideway vehicle.In the context of the present invention, " axle " represents the axle of two wheels of connection of Vehicle Axles.According to this aspect of the present invention, analytic unit is for example fixed on (in the housing) of the single-piece on Vehicle Axles, in the device of compactness together with acceleration pick-up.
Analytic unit is determined the mileage of the Vehicle Axles that sensor (or device) is fixed thereon.In addition, analytic unit can be constructed as, from the increment (relative increase) of the mileage (Leistung) of the operation of one of a plurality of Vehicle Axles or a plurality of Vehicle Axles, determine guideway vehicle mileage, be the distance of covering of guideway vehicle.Can be relevant with Vehicle Axles during the analysis of the acceleration signal that directly carries out in the analytic unit on Vehicle Axles of ground, the signal of the preanalysis of a plurality of Vehicle Axles can in the central location (describing in more detail as communication unit subsequently) of guideway vehicle, be correlated with and with other parameters or signal comparison.
According to the present invention, especially recognize: in the output signal of the acceleration/accel of being measured by acceleration pick-up from the reflection of acceleration pick-up, can advantageously by electronic analysis, determine mileage and/or moving velocity, and can determine most important breakdown signal simultaneously.In the continuous propulsion or reverse of vehicle, output signal is cyclical signal, is sinusoidal signal in the ideal case.Known take turns girth in the situation that analytic unit can be advantageously for example from cycle of sinusoidal signal or frequency (or the peaked distance of sinusoidal signal or the distance at the zero point of sinusoidal signal), determine the mileage that guideway vehicle is run through.
Advantageously, from the maximum/minimum (extreme value) of the output signal of acceleration pick-up, determine that mileage or moving velocity are possible.Reason is: according to the position of one or more axis of the static acceleration of acceleration pick-up measurement therein, there will be (measured accekeration) skew, wherein this output signal (measured acceleration/accel) moves this skew with respect to zero line.Therefore, zero conventionally be not as suitable as maxim or the minimum value of output signal.(for example, in microcontroller) is so maxim or minimum value that the output signal of automatic analysis acceleration pick-up can advantageously be configured to based on output signal are determined mileage and the corresponding output valve that reflects mileage is provided.
Acceleration pick-up can be advantageously provided as making acceleration pick-up therein can determine that at least one axis orientation of static acceleration is to make not occur that axis is with respect to the Angulation changes of gravitational field when taking turns locking.So this can favourablely be considered when creation analysis unit.Analytic unit can be constructed as the locking that this output signal (or a plurality of this output signal) based on acceleration pick-up is determined the wheel of guideway vehicle.At this, for example can detect faulty operation or the fault of the drg of guideway vehicle, it causes damage and wearing and tearing.Conventionally, drg or is not also thrown off irrelevantly when transition, or braking force is also conditioned improperly with respect to loading condition.Device according to the present invention can be constructed as detection failure.Especially, analytic unit can comprise real-time clock, and the appearance (beginnings) of wheel locking is provided with time mark and the time length of definite fault behavior if desired.
Advantageously, acceleration pick-up can be arranged on for example, excircle with the axle of taking turns coupling (axis, it is connected with two wheels of guideway vehicle).Substantially, acceleration pick-up also can be advantageously disposed on wheel above or be arranged on wheel hub or in wheel hub.Yet according to the present invention, be arranged on the axle of Vehicle Axles to recognize for the above reasons it is particularly advantageous.At this, sensor or the device that is mounted with therein sensor can be used as and wholely substantially around axle and at this axis around oneself, rotate.By being arranged on wheel or wheel hub, also can realize according to advantage of the present invention.
Acceleration pick-up for example can be advantageously provided, as making acceleration pick-up therein can determine that the first axle of static acceleration points to tangential direction on the excircle of the cross-sectional plane of this acceleration pick-up arrangement rotating part (axle of Vehicle Axles) thereon.Acceleration pick-up typically has one, axial direction (also referred to as axis or dimension) that two or three are perpendicular to one another, and acceleration pick-up can determination of acceleration therein.For these axial each in (axis, dimensions), acceleration pick-up can provide output signal.For example, because sensor also can be determined static acceleration (terrestrial gravitation acceleration/accel) in each of these directions, so the output signal of motion sensor typically provides the information changing in one, two or all three directions about accekeration.If one of axis of acceleration pick-up points to tangential direction, is the rotation direction of the axle of Vehicle Axles, in the situation that constant velocity of rotation forms sinusoidal output signal.In addition, output signal also provides about wheel the slow motion in the situation that or the also information of the angle of rotation in quiescence or position.
Acceleration pick-up is for example about 100mm apart from the favourable distance at the middle part of the axle of Vehicle Axles.Advantageously, then acceleration pick-up can on the circular orbit that be about 200mm at diameter when axle rotates, move.The representative diameter D of the rotating body (for example axle of Vehicle Axles) that acceleration pick-up is disposed thereon can be D=173mm or 160mm.Confirmable: for example the in the situation that of this distance, in typical acceleration pick-up, causing following signal, its characteristic is conducive to the analysis relevant with mileage, rotational motion and definite faulty operation.Sensor setting must be more approaching in (with respect to cross-sectional plane) of rotating body or axle in the heart, this signal may superpose lesser with the disturbance variable aspect definite analytic signal.Yet center is difficult to reach or cannot reach conventionally at all.Be arranged on the wheel hub of wheel can (as long as wheel hub can reach) then can be also favourable, yet this layout is suitable for installing additional hardly.
Advantageously, acceleration pick-up also can be arranged so that second of acceleration pick-up determination of acceleration therein axially points to radial direction with respect to the cross-sectional plane Cong Zhou center of axle (or rotating body).If the sensor with two axial directions by with and this aspect according to the present invention arrange, can be in radial direction and tangential direction determination of acceleration.Can advantageously determine thus the rotation direction of wheel, because the output signal relevant to corresponding axis taken turns whichaway according to vehicle one or more, rotate and be arranged in specific phase place relative to each other.So advantageously build according to the analytic unit of this aspect of the present invention, make this analytic unit determine the phase place of output signal and derive thus the information about the rotation direction of wheel.
Finally, acceleration pick-up can be advantageously provided, and makes that in addition the 3rd axial direction is transverse to travel direction ground orientation as the axial direction of axle, and wherein in the 3rd axial direction, acceleration pick-up can determination of acceleration.Thus, for example can also determine the inclination of vehicle or axle or Vehicle Axles.Thus, for example, can infer turning driving or specific external fault state, it can be automatically recognized equally or is for example stored and/or transmits together with the moment of its appearance (timestamp).
So acceleration pick-up can be constructed as one dimension, two dimension or three-dimensional sensor, wherein the axial direction of determination of acceleration is perpendicular to one another respectively in couples.Also can on the diverse location of axle circumference, use a plurality of one dimensions, two dimension or three-dimensional sensor, this makes to analyze and becomes easily, because for example can avoid the skew forming due to centnifugal force as disturbance variable.
According to device of the present invention can advantageously there is acceleration pick-up, A and D converter, for the battery of powering, for the microprocessor of the output signal of preanalysis or multi-analysis (according to above-mentioned aspect) sensor with for storing the memory device of information of the output signal of acceleration pick-up.In addition, functional module can be set, for example, at least pretreated (digitalisation or relevant with failure mode the check) of transmission or stored data.One or more acceleration pick-ups, memory device, radio module and/or microprocessor and miscellaneous part can advantageously be placed in the solid common housing of prison.This housing (device) is advantageously fixed on Vehicle Axles (axle).For fear of overbalance, for example in the opposed side of the axle of Vehicle Axles, equipoise is set ideally.
First analysis can be configured to provides the determining of mileage, i.e. the mileage of vehicle (Kilometerstandes) or the milimeter number travelling or the distance covered.Except determine Vehicle Axles wheel mileage or tilt, analysis can also be based on for example, to determining the damage on target rotation (bearing or driving surface, especially flat part (Flachstellen)) with the detection of sinusoidal deviation.When the deviation with sinusoidal shape periodically repeats in the situation that identical axis angle position with the frequency of axis, for example interference on wheel or in bearing of this indication.So can be constructed as, analytic unit makes its type of automatically identifying and distinguishing this fault (definite failure mode).Storage and/or to be transmitted in be can be carrying out with the form of the error code of timestamp.
In a similar fashion can be by the analytic unit building according to the present invention, the sensor signal of the acceleration pick-up on guideway vehicle is received, by detecting the accekeration occurring individually in vertical direction, determines for example, damage on base (Untergrund) (track).Storage and/or to be transmitted in be can be carrying out with the form of the error code of timestamp.
Finally, impact in the horizontal (for example, in the situation that loading) or impact (for example impacted and caused by transition) are in the vertical possible by the variation of analysis acceleration/accel in the horizontal direction.Analytic unit can be constructed as and detects these impacts and these impacts are relevant to fault type.Storage and/or to be transmitted in be can be carrying out with the form of the error code of timestamp.
For detection level impacts and vertical impact, need to be along the accekeration of the acceleration pick-up of the first axial direction with along the accekeration of the second axial direction (with respect to rotating body or axle for radially or tangentially).Precognition based on the layout on rotating body about sensor is inferred the direction of impacting can synthesizing from the vector of acceleration/accel.That is to say, can from sensor signal, determine, for example impact, in the upper appearance of which direction (vertical or level).Advantageously, should detect in the horizontal direction impact, it is equal to, or greater than 2.4g (g=terrestrial gravitation acceleration/accel), because can determine, impacts and from this intensity, causes that damage risk improves or the informal operation of indication guideway vehicle.Sort signal also can with specific error code be stored together with timestamp if desired and/or transmit.
For example when detect sinusoidal signal with constant time gap (spacing frequency Schwellenfachfrequenz) when at least thering is the continuous stack of disturbance variable of cycle repeated characteristic in vertical direction on all axis, the loss (for example causing by derailing) that wheel-track contacts also can be detected.
By recording aperiodic accekeration (vibrations), and signal measuring period (that is to say that axis does not rotate) during this period not can be determined the locking of wheel.The detection of this fault has proposed to electronic system the requirement improving, because this fault can occur in quiescence.Therefore, analytic unit should advantageously build, and makes it can or determine moving forward of guideway vehicle in the situation that of wheel or axle rotation in wheel or the non-rotary situation of axle.For this reason, the device on Vehicle Axles can have additional vibration sensor, and it is determined the initial of vehicle movement and just activate acceleration pick-up thereupon by the Vehicular vibration improving.This can greatly fall low-energy-consumption.This also can be advantageously used in determines compartment sequence.
Advantageously, analytic unit also can be constructed as by analyzing that the steady part of perseverance (Gleichanteils) causing due to the centnifugal force on the second axial direction (radial direction) is determined or the rotating speed of verification axis additionally.This amount can be for inspection or the validity check of other sensor signal.The steady part of the perseverance that caused by centnifugal force can be by avoiding with two acceleration pick-ups tangent, that be advantageously placed on axle with the angle of 90 °.
According to a favourable aspect of the present invention, also provide a kind of for monitoring the method for guideway vehicle.At this, measurement is along the static acceleration of at least one first axle, its axis in earth gravity field according to the wheel of vehicle rotatablely move rotate, make the component of measured static acceleration because the Angulation changes of first axle with respect to earth gravity field changes.So, from the accekeration of measuring, two or three axial (as set forth before), calculate moving velocity or mileage or the two.Additionally can from acceleration signal, determine for example rotating speed rotatablely moving, mileage, speed (frequency of sinusoidal signal), service direction (from the phase place of two sinusoidal signals) and a large amount of other different signals and at least one interference or the faulty condition of guideway vehicle of rotating body (for example wheel, axle, wheel hub etc.).
A favourable aspect of the present invention is, can and take the mode simple, cost is cheap and method in the situation that there is no special intervening measure to install additional or equip according to device of the present invention as guideway vehicle.Therefore, the present invention also provides a kind of method installing additional for the guideway vehicle to wheel, and wherein guideway vehicle is equipped with for monitoring the device of guideway vehicle.At this, can use the device (as set forth) according to one or more aspects of the present invention above.Favourable meeting is: in mode according to the present invention by the compartment of guideway vehicle, guideway vehicle or comprise one of all compartments or each axle and the coupling of one or more device of (one or more) tractor truck.
At this, can determine along the acceleration pick-up of the static acceleration of at least one axis and for example can be arranged on, on the rotating body of guideway vehicle (advantageously connecting on the axle of two wheels), acceleration pick-up is moved (advantageously proportional with moving velocity) when the wheel of vehicle rotatablely moves, make the component of the terrestrial gravitation acceleration/accel measured by acceleration pick-up because the Angulation changes of axis with respect to earth gravity field changes.In addition, analytic unit is set directly in acceleration pick-up, is also arranged on rotating body (for example axle) upper, is arranged on originally any place with it or at track outside vehicle of guideway vehicle.Analysis package is containing for example, detection at least one fault of the work of travelling of guideway vehicle or interference (locking of wheel).The transmission of the output signal of the acceleration pick-up of advantageously, having been analyzed at least partly is for example carried out with km state and/or error code form with wireless mode.By the layout on axle according to the present invention, avoid any larger intervening measure to guideway vehicle, needed in its forwarder at two-piece type (sensing system) situation.In addition avoided, the inevitable source of trouble of incomplete adjustment of forwarder and sensor in the situation that of two-piece type system.All important vehicle values (mileage, speed, fault, vehicle frame diagnosis) can be determined by for example compact sensor (device) on the axle of guideway vehicle.
In a favourable expansion scheme, this device be fixed on axle or with around the Vehicle Axles of steel band or the axle of boxcar axletree on, this has further reduced and has installed expense additional.At this, can use favourable material, it remains little by the corrosion between steel band and axle.The layer that especially, also can add plastic material or poly-mer between axle and steel band.Certified: different electronic systems, spatial filter, braking sensor and/or temperature sensor, infrared pickoff and/or rang sensor, motion sensor, vibration sensor, acceleration pick-up and/or analytical electron system are arranged in device, and this device should be arranged on the axle of Vehicle Axles.This device can advantageously be configured to and make to produce as far as possible little for example, the distortion power on device (device) that acts on.Therefore, this device (device) extension meeting of (along the central axis of axle) in the direction of axle is as far as possible little.It is favourable equally that device (device) is disposed generally in the middle part of axle of Vehicle Axles.This device height H of (shell dimension) and ratio of width B should be lower than H: B=1: 2; This is installed on is that maximum half going out as it extends the axial direction of axle from shaft extension is far away diametrically.This be conducive to by around steel band (or two parallel steel bands) fix.With the relevant ground of diameter D of the axle of guideway vehicle, the height H of this device and width B roughly form following ratio: D: H: B=4: 1: 2.If also consider the width S of steel band, obtain following favourable general proportions: D: H: B: S=6: 1.5: 3.3: 1.Advantageously depart from this ratio and should not surpass 50%.Certified: the resistivity to distortion power improves thus.
Except acceleration pick-up, can for example, in the device on axle (axle of Vehicle Axles or boxcar axletree) battery, microprocessor, data memory and radio module be set.So the output signal of acceleration pick-up can be analyzed according to description above.Advantageously, sensor device (Sensorik) only consists of the compact parts being placed on rotating body.This part can with the rotating body of vehicle for example Vehicle Axles (or axle of Vehicle Axles) be firmly connected and must be not separated with the axle of Vehicle Axles or Vehicle Axles in repairing work.So this part can be single-piece, compactness and be easy to install, so that by maintenance costs or install expense additional and remain little.Because there are not the parts of motion in sensor device, thus according to device of the present invention in fact without wearing and tearing and do not require the intervening measure to vehicle frame.Thus, be fixed on rotating part according to device of the present invention for example can be advantageously for example, by (micromechanics or piezoelectricity) acceleration pick-up of mono-axial to three axis, for the battery of Power supply, microprocessor for data processing and analysis, real-time clock, for the memory device of intermediate storage data, form for transferring data to radio module and the housing of suitable reader or other analytical equipments.
In addition, be advantageously provided to be useful on and avoid unbalanced equipoise.This equipoise can be fixed on Vehicle Axles or axle by steel band to install similar mode with this.Also will be advantageous that battery as equipoise.These parts are can be in housing protected and avoid external action and be installed on the Vehicle Axles (or axle) that will monitor.For this reason, do not need to change the system that will monitor at all.For fear of overbalance, when sensor installation, equipoise can be arranged on Vehicle Axles or Vehicle Axles axle with the opposed side of sensor on.
After bringing into operation, device according to the present invention for example, is measured the change of gravity and analyzes data according to the pivot angle of rotating body (axis or the axle that connect two wheels), to determine mileage and at least one fault if desired (if desired to together with relevant error code) by it.By the information of its derivation, be for example stored in module and when calling or in the moment pre-seting and for example via radiotelex, be defeated by suitable analytical equipment, to determine there moving velocity or mileage.Different from the traditional solution based on two parts (forwarder and sensor), according to the R point of system of the present invention, be the earth or earth gravity field.
According to a further aspect in the invention, the device building as described is before fixed on a Vehicle Axles of guideway vehicle or advantageously on each Vehicle Axles.
In a favourable expansion scheme of the present invention, on guideway vehicle, telematics unit can be set, it for example, receives data from one or more devices (on each Vehicle Axles) with wireless mode.These data can be the rotating speeds of the axle of speed, mileage, Vehicle Axles or Vehicle Axles.Advantageously, transmission acceleration value (for example analog sensor signal) itself not just, but the pretreatment of these values based on data.At this, can advantageously consider: the rotation direction of the rotating speed of Vehicle Axles, mileage (km state), speed, Vehicle Axles and specific error code, these error codes can relate to fault, for example locking, the impact in the horizontal direction or in vertical direction and the derailing of wheel or Vehicle Axles.In addition, can transmission time for each fault and the time length of transmission fault if desired.Telematics unit can be constructed as by mobile wireless power technology (GSM, UMTS etc.) and transmits data.This telematics unit also can comprise for determining GPS (global positioning system) unit of position.Telematics unit can very advantageously comprise vibration sensor, to can determine, when vehicle moves.This can realize conserve energy.Except mobile radio, also consider the communication via artificial satellite, because guideway vehicle, basic design that especially boxcar can approach there is no need or the region of the network coverage.
Not only determine and transmit the data of the rotational motion that relates to axle, and determine and transmission fault information.At this, first consider the locking of wheel, and vertical impact or horizontal impact.As failure report, the analytic unit in device for example detects the locking of damage of the bearing, derailing or wheel, and is assigned to error code, and error code is transmitted subsequently.
Especially, with the relevant ground of detection of wheel locking can creation analysis unit so that the just activation in the situation that surpassing maximum vibration level of this analytic unit.In order to detect the vibration of the type, advantageously do not use acceleration pick-up, because energy consumption is by too high for this reason.Certified: be advantageously provided other sensors, wherein it relates to the vibration sensor with very little current draw.This sensor preferably arrange and analyze as making in the situation that enough strong vibration just activate other circuit parts.For this reason, for example the minimum level of vibration and minimum duration can be stored in this device as threshold value.
The in the situation that of wheel locking, it should be noted that, for example, compare with antiblock device, the in the situation that of existing sensor device, importantly determine that wheel or the axle being firmly connected with wheel do not rotate in the motion of guideway vehicle.
In sum, the power supply that is placed in the device on the axle of Vehicle Axles or Vehicle Axles should be configured to and make this power supply independently have about 6 years time of ruies, in centre, needn't charge.Especially consider C type battery (C battery) or D type battery (D battery).These batteries have the appropriate energy deposit in conjunction with favourable version.Suitable can be: for example use two C batteries to substitute D battery, to these C batteries are distributed on the circumference of axle, make these C batteries in compensation mutually at least in part aspect weight distribution.The storage battery battery of recharge (can) proves more inappropriate surprisingly.Thus, also provide according to an aspect of the present invention a kind of according to the one or more device in aspect disclosed herein, it comprises the one or more batteries with above-mentioned characteristic.
According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of device, it is arranged under guideway vehicle, be advantageously disposed on the axle of guideway vehicle and be configured to the characteristic of the load that detects guideway vehicle.For example, this device can be constructed as the loading condition of determining guideway vehicle.This device also can be constructed as the load of identification guideway vehicle.This device also can be constructed as load or the loading of control or adjustable track vehicle.Especially, can detection load container and advantageously detect its loading condition.For this reason, this device can advantageously be used radio signal.In a form of implementation, can read the RFID label on load cell by this device.For this reason, the device on the axle of guideway vehicle advantageously has the reading device for radio signal.Also consider other method of inspections.This aspect of the present invention advantageously utilizes following situation: many guideway vehicles, for example boxcar have wood bottom, and it does not shield the wireless link from coming under guideway vehicle.Therefore, detection and inspection that the layout of sensor according to the present invention under guideway vehicle is particularly suitable for loading therefrom, this layout can be therefrom for example in the interaction with corresponding radio infrastructure (as described here in it) for logistics object.
According to a further aspect in the invention, a kind of Infrastructure can be provided, its detection and intensively analyze the data of acceleration pick-up, according to the present invention these acceleration pick-ups fix and be structured according to the present invention on vehicle, guideway vehicle for example on boxcar especially.Thus, can provide usage data and monitor data, it improves the logistics for guideway vehicle with plain mode.At this, advantageously additional, guideway vehicle can very simply and in the situation that install additional without license formality consuming time.Guideway vehicle can advantageously have telematics unit, collect therein and further transmission from the data that are fixed on the device on the axle of one or more Vehicle Axles or Vehicle Axles.
Recognize according to an aspect of the present invention: then acceleration pick-up as rotation sensor can determine for mileage, speed is determined etc. and also can determine fault condition in this function.Therefore, draw for rotating particularly advantageous, the synergistic use possibility of the acceleration pick-up of relevant parameter and disturbance variable.At this, determine surprisingly: also can build for detection of the acceleration pick-up rotatablely moving, to detect the most important fault condition of guideway vehicle.In addition, show: advantageously degree of will speed up sensor and the combination of at least one vibration sensor, to can detect better one of most important fault, i.e. the locking of wheel, and do not make the energy budget of the high sensitivity of sensor increase one's load undeservedly at this.Just aspect energy budget, can particularly advantageously find cutting apart of analysis unexpectedly.In the case, it should be noted that with data transmission, data preanalysis and data and store relevant energy equilibrium.In addition, the invention provides a kind of failure-free possibility, to distinguish Vehicle Axles relevant with mileage in road vehicle in-orbit or the axle (being the mileage of each Vehicle Axles of guideway vehicle) of Vehicle Axles the guideway vehicle in the situation that, and carry out thus vehicle evaluation, vehicle evaluation surmounts the simple total kilometrage of guideway vehicle.Different from power actuated vehicle application, the in the situation that of guideway vehicle, interestingly other parameters substantially, it requires diverse analysis and layout.In addition, according to analysis of the present invention, should be able to especially detect the horizontal impact over 2.4g.
For reading and write data into the mobile device of device, should be configured to, communicate by letter with a plurality of device ensuring escapement from confliction in more approaching environment.For this reason, can for example, for example, by specific sensor (reed sensor (Reed-Sensor)) and exiter (magnet), activate only a small amount of or unique device only.Other favourable possibilities can arrange radio protocol, and it can be realized and contacting with a plurality of devices and by identification number these devices of identification clearly simultaneously.Especially, a plurality of boxcars can be positioned on freight station simultaneously, and these boxcars can have device on each Vehicle Axles.These devices can advantageously be read and write by wireless centrex power station.In another expansion scheme, read and write by the mobile device being brought near next-door neighbour of related device and undertaken.In another expansion scheme, undertaken by telematics unit with the communicating by letter of device of Vehicle Axles.If this telematics unit is designed for GPS, telematics unit should be arranged so that it can well receive gps signal as far as possible.Laterally the layout in the upper area of guideway vehicle is applicable to.
In another expansion scheme, gps receiver also can be arranged in the device on the axle of guideway vehicle.At this, note possible blocking and reflect.
For special relevant to safety application, the data storage in device should be not only non-volatile (for example EEPROM etc.), and should anti-ly operate.In addition, the device relevant to Vehicle Axles for example can for example seal anti-replacing by measure.Device can be encrypted internal data and arrange before data can be read or operate checking inquiry.At this, can distinguish the personnel of difference in functionality.For example, can analytic unit be set in device, make the service personnel of only determining allow to read or operate established data.
In sum, several aspect of the present invention can realize parts are fixed on guideway vehicle in an advantageous manner.The present invention is especially based on following understanding: the axle of guideway vehicle can be advantageously used in anchor fitting, electronic system especially.The arrangement of device must be especially very firm, yet the least possible areal of support is provided on axle.Avoid thus water to assemble, reduce thus the corrosion to axle.Must avoid the notch effect on axle.To the damage of application, should disappear equally.For fixing band, can be formed from steel.Yet be applicable to, in the inner side of steel band, use for example poly-mer etc. of other materials in the side of axle.This material can have knot profile or automotive wheels tyre surface in the side towards axle.Further reduce thus areal of support and material is protected.As immobilization material, especially consider the material softer than the material of the coating layer on axle or axle.Knot and tire surface can use in the side towards steel band equally because this also can with corrosion aspect relevant.Device is fixing on axle should be anti-skidding.
A key property can determining by the device on the axle of guideway vehicle is, whether the travelling due to brake action or reduce for other reasons of guideway vehicle.At this, this device especially can be constructed as and can distinguish in upward slope and the braking of vehicle., can advantageously acoustic sensor be arranged in this device, this device is arranged on axle for this reason.So electronic system can be constructed as analytical characteristic ripple or spectrum.Same consideration is used infrared pickoff in the device on axle.Thus, can identify so-called hot box.Infrared pickoff especially can use in the work at pulsed or interval.Thus, can realize the work-hours of the length of infrared pickoff.In the situation that being used on guideway vehicle, this is meaningful especially.
So the present invention relates generally to device and relates to thus and related methods, it is based on device is fixed on the axle of guideway vehicle.These devices can advantageously comprise one or more above-described sensors and/or one or more aspect of the present invention.For this reason, this device can comprise one or more parts, and it can be coupled with the axle of guideway vehicle individually or jointly.At this, these parts are arranged so that centnifugal force or distortion power minimize.If at least a portion of electronics package is also fixed on axle, a part for electronics package also can be arranged on the other position of guideway vehicle (telematics unit).
According to a further aspect in the invention, be fixed on the axle of guideway vehicle and the device building according to one of above-mentioned aspect of the present invention can be constructed as the self-oscillatory frequency of determining axle in addition.This device especially can be constructed as the change of determining self-oscillatory frequency.This aspect of the present invention is based on following understanding: the load meeting of the damage of axle and variation causes the movement of the natural resonance frequency of axle.Axle is encouraged for autoexcitation by the mode with very different and method at work.Autoexcitation can be on being fixed on the axle of guideway vehicle, according to detected constantly in device of the present invention.If natural resonance frequency surpasses definite threshold value, can when being damaged, trigger on change indication axle alarm.Equally, can analyze natural resonance frequently with respect to the load of axle or the change of abrasion factor.Especially, the analytic unit in the device on axle is configured to the change of this natural resonance frequency is analyzed.According to this aspect of the present invention, this is installed on is the natural frequency being configured to by being fixed on device on axle and utilizing the axle of guideway vehicle, so that in ongoing work, especially carry out breakdown diagnosis during track Vehicle Driving Cycle.
According to a further aspect in the invention, the separate excitation (Fremdanregung) that does not need the vibration of axle.More precisely, utilize normal, the common excitation of working of axle for this reason.In addition, this device can be constructed as the load of determining axle by the movement of the natural resonance frequency of axle.Especially, on axle, form the change that crack can cause natural frequency (natural resonance frequency).With which and method, can shift to an earlier date and identify the damage to railway carriage wheel set at ongoing on period.Equally likely measure the weight when preload.Device on axle be especially configured to utilization for example when loading and unloading, in when transition or the uneven portion impact that for example the little uneven portion during interface between track switch or track and by driving surface and/or in orbit causes of passing through, for encouraging the autoexcitation of the axle of wheel set.
For this reason, according to device of the present invention, can have vibration receptor (for example acceleration pick-up, structure-borne sound microphone etc.), it is configured to the autoexcitation of determination and analysis axle.According to an aspect of the present invention, the analysis of vibration directly carry out in the device on axle and with expectation value comparison.With the deviation of expectation value can be in explanation in the situation that the identification of the device on axle with respect to definite wheel set or definite compartment, determine and for example by radiocommunication, transmit.By with self-oscillatory expectation value relatively or be to determine in advance by being compared to of self-oscillatory spectrum, to the damage possibility of axle, will occur and may cause danger by it.
According to an aspect of the present invention, device according to the present invention is configured to by determining that natural resonance frequency determines the bending load of axle.Bending load is the result of point of action of the offsetting of the load that will support by axle, but also by the deadweight formation of axle itself.Show, the bending load of axle can change the natural frequency of axle.Therefore, according to device of the present invention, be especially configured to the movement of the natural frequency of determining that this causes due to bending load.Thus, can determine according to a further aspect in the invention the current vehicle capacity (Zuladung) in compartment.The weight of vehicle capacity is larger, and more greatly and thus the movement of the natural frequency of axle is larger for the bending load of axle.This especially can advantageously not utilize in the situation that damaging axle.For example, in the situation that there is the axle (forming crack) of damage, the bending strength of the axle relevant with the angle of rotation of axle can except effect that describe before, the change of eigenfrequency spectrum the bending load in the situation that, also be detected.Thus, in the situation that axle rotates, the eigenfrequency spectrum of axle is modulated with the gyrofrequency of axle.According to of the present invention being installed on, be to be configured to detect this modulation.Thus, according to an aspect of the present invention, breakdown diagnosis can be included in resonant frequency by axle in the analysis of the modulation of the natural frequency of axle.The present invention also relates to a kind ofly according to the method for one of above-mentioned aspect, wherein detect and analyze the change of natural frequency.For determining and analyze one or more combination of the aspect of the present invention that the method and apparatus of the change of natural frequency can be advantageously further mentioned with front and back.Especially, can determine that the sensor that natural frequency or natural resonance frequency move is advantageously disposed on the axle of guideway vehicle.
Other aspect of the present invention is from drawing by accompanying drawing description of preferred embodiments, wherein:
-Fig. 1 shows the device on the axle that is arranged on guideway vehicle according to aspects of the present invention,
-Fig. 2 shows another view of the device being arranged on axle,
-Fig. 3 shows the block diagram of the simplification of device according to an embodiment of the invention,
-Fig. 4 shows the view of the device on axle according to an embodiment of the invention,
-Fig. 5 shows cutaway view and the birds-eye view with the turret of the guideway vehicle of device according to aspects of the present invention,
-Fig. 6 shows the view of the device on axle according to an embodiment of the invention,
-Fig. 7 shows the view of simplification of the lateral cross section of one embodiment of the present of invention,
-Fig. 8 shows another view of view of the simplification of one embodiment of the present of invention,
-Fig. 9 shows the simplification view of the relevant one embodiment of the present of invention of layout on the axle with Vehicle Axles at guideway vehicle,
-Figure 10 shows the simplification view of the relevant one embodiment of the present of invention of layout on the axle with Vehicle Axles at guideway vehicle,
-Figure 11 shows the view with the simplification of the guideway vehicle of device according to aspects of the present invention and possible Infrastructure,
-Figure 12 shows the view of an embodiment relevant with acceleration pick-up,
-Figure 13 shows the view of an embodiment relevant with acceleration pick-up,
-Figure 14 shows the diagram of curves with in the device according to the present invention exemplary time changing curve of two signals of acceleration pick-up in the situation that the continuous forward direction of vehicle travels,
-Figure 15 show with after continuously to travel in the situation that in device according to the present invention the diagram of curves of the exemplary time changing curve of two signals of acceleration pick-up,
-Figure 16 show with in the situation that continuously forward direction travel and diagram of curves to exemplary interference exemplary time changing curve of two signals of acceleration pick-up in device according to the present invention of wheel or bearing,
-Figure 17 show with in the situation that continuously forward direction travel and diagram of curves to the exemplary interference of base exemplary time changing curve of two signals of acceleration pick-up in device according to the present invention,
-Figure 18 show with in the situation that continuously forward direction travel and horizontal direction on the diagram of curves of impact exemplary time changing curve of two signals of acceleration pick-up in device according to the present invention,
-Figure 19 show with the axle locking in the situation that in device according to the present invention the diagram of curves of the exemplary time changing curve of two signals of acceleration pick-up,
-Figure 20 shows with the diagram of curves at derailing in the situation that exemplary time changing curve of two signals of acceleration pick-up in device according to the present invention, and
-Figure 21 shows the view of simplification of the aspect of the present invention of determining of the compartment sequence that relates to guideway vehicle,
Fig. 1 shows according to the view of the simplification of the section of device of the present invention embodiment.Show wheel 1, for example, with the wheel of the guideway vehicle of structure (not shown).The axle 2 (being conventionally only called simplifiedly in the context of the present invention axle) that is mounted with Vehicle Axles or Vehicle Axles on wheel 1, it reaches in plan, makes only to illustrate its cross-sectional plane.Axle 2 can typically connect the wheel of two same types of guideway vehicle 1.On axle 2, be provided with device 3, it can build according to different aspect of the present invention described here.Generally speaking, this device is arranged on axle, rather than is arranged on other positions of guideway vehicle.In guideway vehicle propulsion and reverse, wheel 1 rolls on base 5, and this base can be for example track.At device, different sensors can be set in 3, for example microprocessor, memory device, semiconductor memory especially, for receiving and/or send one or more radio modules of data.Thus, at device, can carry out the pretreatment partly or completely of the data that receive or detect in 3.So especially can determine the distance (mileage) covered, quiescence, wheel locking, speed, abnormal work state (wearing and tearing, derailing), track damage, transition impact and run duration, temperature, position, vehicle-state, mode of operation etc. based on sensor signal.
Fig. 2 shows according to the view of another simplification of the embodiment of Fig. 1.The wheel 1 and the axle 2 that show guideway vehicle, be provided with thereon according to one embodiment of present invention according to device of the present invention.Appreciablely especially install 3, it can comprise sensor above and for other electronic units of pretreatment and transmission data as set forth.Therefore the structure of guideway vehicle can completely differently build, and device is fixedly particularly advantageous on axle.
Fig. 3 shows the block diagram of the simplification of device 3, as it can be fixed on the axle 2 of guideway vehicle.Device 3 can comprise different sensors and in different scopes, process, stores and forward the signal of these sensors according to configuration.Sensor can be especially for thermometric infrared pickoff 256, structure-borne sound sensor 257 for detection of the vibration of axle, acceleration pick-up 21, rang sensor 258, gps receiver 255, spatial filter sensor 253, (according to realized spatial filter functionality) vibration sensor 252 and/or reed sensor 251 for location positioning.
Infrared pickoff 256 can be analyzed infrared signal, so that be to determine axle, the wheel 1 of guideway vehicle or the temperature of other parts or environment.Thermometric favourable application in conjunction with infrared pickoff is identification hot box.So corresponding failure report can and/or outwards transmit by device storage.Can avoid thus damage.Infrared pickoff can advantageously be worked with pulse mode and/or in interval, to only consume few power.Infrared pickoff can be advantageously used in the imaging of brake disc.
Structure-borne sound braking sensor 257 conventionally can be for determining whether braking.Can determine thus, travel and whether for example due to upward slope or because brake, slow down.Can detected characteristics ripple or spectrum in the situation that using structure-borne sound sensor.
Acceleration pick-up 21 can be measured static acceleration and correspondingly export three signal SX, SYs relevant to axis and SZ (three-dimension sensor) one, two and/or three directions (according to the X-axis of Fig. 1 and 2, Y-axis and Z axis) are upper.It can be also one dimension sensor or dimension sensor in the form of implementation of simplifying.These signals are analog signal and therefore first digitalisation in A and D converter 22 in current embodiment.So the sensor signal after digitalisation flows to the analysis logic circuit 231 with A and D converter 22 couplings.Analysis logic circuit 23 or analysis routines are only suitable for received sensing data to be stored in data memory 24 and/or by these data and via antenna 29, to be transferred to other analytic units by radio module 27 in the simplest situation, and this analysis logic circuit 231 or analysis routines can be wired or be embodied as embedded microcontroller system (embedded microcontroller system).In addition, device 3 can comprise activation decision circuit 25 and motion identification part 253, and it is responsible for: only have when device is required the just connection of this device.For this reason, activate decision circuit 25 can with reed sensor 251 couplings, this reed sensor encourages by external field, for from installing 3 reading out datas or writing data into device 3.This can realize introducing writing/reading apparatus 12 (describing subsequently) in the situation that.Reed sensor 251 especially can activate by temporarily magnet being remained near next-door neighbour's (several centimetres) of odometer sensor 3.Use the advantage of reed sensor to be, itself does not need energy this sensor, but only activates decision circuit 25 current sinkings.Yet the current draw that activates decision circuit 25 can keep very littlely.Reed sensor is very cheap.Reed sensor touchless and no touch and will be integrated into without any problems thus firmly in housing.When the little distance structure between magnet and device 3 is used for activating, can realize other advantages.Thus likely: when a plurality of devices 3 are arranged on boxcar, only activate targetedly definite device 3.
Motion recognition logic circuit 253 can advantageously be coupled with vibration sensor 252.Due to device 3 take utonomous working 6 to 7 years for a long time, suitable energy management is favourable.Vibration sensor 252 should be configured to as far as possible and detect in the same manner in all directions vibrations.Current draw should be equally very little.The favourable vibration sensor that is used for using at current embodiment can be according to the vibration sensor of ball switch principle (Ball-Switch).Vibration sensor 252 can be coupled to by large series resistance on voltage and with motion recognition logic circuit 253 and be coupled.Motion recognition logic circuit 253 is responsible for: when each vibrations, in signal, produce edge.These edges are advantageously by accumulative total (being counted).When surpassing the maximum number at edge (vibrations) (for example, in definite time window), just carry out the activation of device 3.Can guarantee thus: activate and not prematurely to carry out, for example in the situation that the too small vibrations that cause due to the loading of guideway vehicle activate.Vibration can using the form of noise level or maximum vibrations number as Parameter storage in device.Can consider specific vehicle feature or operating characteristic thus.By active device 3, also first activate acceleration pick-up 21, it is for determining the rotation of axle 2.Advantageously can determine thus whether axle 2 rotates and possibility exists the locking of taking turns.
The time control part 28 of base in the time of can being provided for providing equally (for example for the parts that install and for the clock control by time standard analytic signal and/or in real time).Battery 26 provides needed energy, and storage battery or other energy generators wherein can certainly be set alternatively, the long as far as possible utonomous working that it can implement device 3.Advantageously consider to provide the battery of 8 ampere hours or 19 ampere hours.This situation in the situation that of C battery or D battery is like this.Thus, can realize the time of run of 6 to 7 years by the device 3 building according to the present invention.
Analysis in unit 23 can surmount the transmission of intermediate memory and/or sensing data SX, SY and/or SZ.Can be designed as: definite analytical procedure is carried out in 3 at device, to reduce for the data volume of storage/transmission or make analysis afterwards dispensable.So, can for example directly provide the rotation number of wheel or the distance of covering based on sensor signal SX, SY and SZ.In addition, can calculate and/or transmit definite breakdown signal (wheel locking), its with free illustrative examples as the moment of fault and/or time length.Yet this data analysis also can be carried out in the independently analytic unit on being fixed on guideway vehicle, or provides outward at guideway vehicle regularly.So analysis logic circuit 231 especially can design: rotating speed calculates, direction is identified, speed is calculated, mileage calculation, combine one or more faults, the shock detector of for example going through transition (for example thering is the boundary value that is greater than 2.4g), track shock detector, flat part detector (Flachstellendetektor), derailment detector and/or locking detector.
Substitute radio module 27 and also can design other interfaces, it realizes the data that read acceleration pick-up with wireless mode or wired mode.Especially consider GSM, bluetooth, UMTS (UMTS), WLAN (WLAN) or other radio interface.
By configuration stage 233, can to device, carry out pre-configured for different actual conditions.In addition, alarm portion 232 can be set, it triggers alarm when fault being detected.
Certified, the advantageously a large amount of sensing datas of pretreatment such as sensing data SX, SY, SZ (as described above) and exported or transmitted the amount (locking of mileage or km state, wheel, error code etc.) calculating in device 3.Especially in conjunction with being favourable, this telematics unit can receive the data of the one or more devices 3 on a plurality of Vehicle Axles 2 that are fixed on guideway vehicle with telematics unit 13 (describing subsequently) for this.Therefore, device 3 can be relevant to the axle 2 of guideway vehicle.
Device 3 can be constructed as and receives and storage important parameter.Related to this for example have a wheel diameter (or radius), to can calculate mileage.In addition, can be advantageously by the specific parameter of different vehicles for example the history (km for example covering or year of manufacture) of the noise signal level when wheel locking or the derailing or noise signal amplitude, guideway vehicle be written in the memory device 24 of device.In addition can record, the maxim (for example 2.4g, wherein g is terrestrial gravitation acceleration/accel) of vertical impact or horizontal impact.Based on this parameter, device 3 is rotation is specific and fault causes amount and the Output rusults of calculative determination independently.Output can be carried out with the error code that completes and the form of km value.According to a further aspect in the invention, parameter and/or the value that calculates are protected in order to avoid operation in device 3.For this reason, can use encryption method.
Fig. 4 shows a section of guideway vehicle, and the use of temperature survey and imageing sensor IMG has wherein been described.Device 3 is arranged on the axle 2 of Vehicle Axles of guideway vehicle conventionally.Device 3, along with axle 2 motions, wherein installs 3 and round axle, rotates thus.This rotates consistent with the rotation of wheel 1.If there is the hot box in bearing, this determines by temperature sensor TEMP.Temperature sensor can be infrared pickoff.
Device 3 also can advantageously have structure-borne sound sensor KS.This structure-borne sound sensor detects sound wave SW, and it is then analyzed.Operating in of drg is by (via axle) sound wave SW, to detect with acoustics approach, because the operate typical of drg ground causes acoustic mode (spectrum, harmonic wave etc.).Other faulty conditions or faulty operation also can detect by structure-borne sound sensor.
Imageing sensor IMG also can be arranged on according in the device on axle of the present invention.So imageing sensor IMG can receive image or only receive the luminance signal of base 5.At this, this imageing sensor can advantageously be synchronizeed with the rotational motion of axle.This for example realizes by analyzing the signal of acceleration pick-up, as it is this detailed description.So the image of base can be analyzed, to determine the absolute location in known circuit or advantageously only determine relative position.For this reason, for example only sensed luminance value or definite color-values of imageing sensor.So detection can only be weighed all the time when sensor is directed towards base downwards and just carry out.Thus, can conserve energy and can simplify space filtering.Detected image (or only image value, point etc.) then can with known pattern comparison so that be to determine position.
Other spatial filter methods can advantageously be used the signal of acceleration pick-up, as it is also described in detail subsequently.
Fig. 5 shows another aspect of the present invention.Device 3 according to the present invention is arranged on conventionally according on the axle of the guideway vehicle of one or more aspects of the present invention.Device 3 can comprise one or more above or the sensor of mentioning subsequently and corresponding analysis portion and/or storage part and/or wireless data link.In device 3 guideway vehicles that are advantageously disposed on turret, as shown in Figure 5.Device 3 can be advantageously and is inaccurately arranged in the middle part M of axle 2.This provides the more spaces when around axle 2 rotation.In addition in this position, usually advantageously exist to the boresight of the bottom of the transfer cask of guideway vehicle.This for example can advantageously realize for determining the range observation of loading condition.Device 3 according to the present invention can be arranged on one or more axles 2 of turret.It is outside that elastic portion (Federung) 7 is positioned at wheel.This is advantageously utilized, because form thus from installing 3 to the unobstructed view of taking turns 1.This can by device 3 realize other above or the measurement of mentioning subsequently.
Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of the present invention.In another expansion scheme, can be provided for the sensor 258 of range observation.This sensor can advantageously be configured to be determined from axle to boxcar downside or the distance of the part that other known positions are fixing.Can consider ultrasonic transmitter and ultrasonic receiver in principle, it can be realized by ultrasonic measurement distance.Yet these sensors may not withstand given environmental conditions, and cannot enough accurately measure in rotation in the situation that (where necessary).Therefore, also can be advantageously provided based on wireless sensor, as this as shown in Figure 6.The projector being arranged in device 3 can send impulse singla TX and measure its backscattering RX.Thus, can measure the bottom of structure of guideway vehicle and the distance D ISTX between axle 2 (or device 3).This method according to the work of radar mode is favourable with respect to ultrasonic meeting.Range observation can be for determining the loading condition of guideway vehicle or boxcar.When vehicle is loaded, so because the axle 2 of elastic portion 7 Vehicle Axles of guideway vehicle and the distance D ISTX between the bottom of structure reduce.Based on this, can be by apart from for loading measurement.Advantageously, range observation can be synchronizeed with rotatablely moving of axis.For this reason, can use the many-sided acceleration pick-up of crowd according to the present invention.Thus, can in definite orientation (advantageously making progress) of axle, determine apart from the distance of the backscattering face limiting targetedly.At this, be also applicable to settling radar reflector, this radar reflector produces that limit, reproducible return signal.This parasite is by the very strong signal reflex of itself and the shape and size generation of radar frequency adaptation.Thus, this return signal can be very well with miscellaneous part at compartment downside on reflection difference.Radar reflector can advantageously be placed on the compartment downside on axle.
In addition, the synchonize rotatablely moving of range observation and axis also makes to produce necessary energy for signal and reduces.
Fig. 7 shows the view of the simplification of one embodiment of the present of invention.In this view, the configuration of entity and fixing particularly important on the axle 2 of the Vehicle Axles of guideway vehicle.Device 3 is advantageously placed in firmly in housing.Battery 26 (being for example D battery at this) is as far as possible closely arranged on axle 2.The basic configuration that is used for the housing of device 3 can widely be implemented on axle 2.Mentioned aspect has Beneficial Effect to occurred power, and these power can be high singularly in current application.Device 3 can by one or more around steel band 245 fix.This realizes and installing additional with minimum time overhead.The width S of steel band 245 can be advantageously about S=30mm.So the width B of device 3 on the axial direction of axle can advantageously be no more than 100mm.Ratio between the width B of the width S of steel band 245 and device 3 can be about S: B=1: 3.3.In the opposed side of axle 2, be provided with equipoise 4, so that compensation overbalance.In cross-sectional plane, the housing of device 3 and equipoise 4 has profile or the wide pedestal of approximate trapezoid.Also can consider the profile of semi-circular profile or arching.Importantly avoid the distortion power to sensor assembly 3.Electronic system can be placed on the outside of device 3.In this schematic diagram, (represent whole electronic system ground) and show circuit card 241, vibration sensor 252, radio module 27 and antenna 29.Vibration sensor 252 and antenna 29 be arranged in circuit card with the overlapping part of battery 26, more precisely on the inner side of circuit card 241 (towards axle).Memory device (not shown) should be non-volatile memory device (for example EEPROM).Device 3 can be advantageously disposed on the middle part of axle 2 or Vehicle Axles.
Fig. 8 shows by the cutaway view of axle 2 and device 3 and equipoise 4, so that outstanding another favourable aspect of the present invention.Device 3 and the housing of equipoise 4 axle 2 around direction on rounded and mate with axle circumference better thus.Enhancing tie rod can be set
242, to absorb distortion power and other power.Steel band 245 is around axle 2 and by for installing 3 and the penetrating part (Durchsch ü be) 243 of the housing of equipoise 4.Battery 26, circuit card 241, radio module 27 and vibration sensor 252 in device, have been drawn simplifiedly.Some or other whole electronic systems there, as its as shown in Figure 3.Especially, also there is there acceleration pick-up 21.The height H of device 3 can be in the scope of H=45mm.So the height H of device and the ratio of width B can be about H: B=1: 2.Axle can have the diameter D of 173mm, wherein also can consider D=160mm and the diameter of deviation if desired.Therefore, it is favourable using steel band, and its length can regulate neatly, to be suitable for different shaft diameters.By using steel band and making installation process easy with the housing of penetrating part 243.Device 3 and equipoise 4 under steel band move through to the pre-qualified high thrust of Vehicle Axles or axle and advantageously the mechanical safety by two housing parts under steel band stop.
Axle 2 and around with the power between 245, coordinate be chosen as and make not occur the notch effect to axle 2.Also should avoid the damage to the coating layer on axle 2.
It is to draw as follows that device is determined at respect to the size of axis diameter or shaft diameter: D: B: H: S=180: 100: 45: 30=6: 3.3: 1.5: 1.When striving being fixed on by steel band with plain mode on axle 2, advantageously not can with obvious (being not more than the respectively 50% deviation) deviation of these values.
The corrosion between steel band 245 and axle 2 on the other hand.Favourable meeting is: other layer 244 is set between steel band 245 and axle 2, and it is suitable for preventing corrosion.This layer 244 only diagrammatic ground illustrates on a section of the circumference of axle 2, however its can be intactly around axle 2 at steel band 245 downward-extensions.So layer 244 the side towards axle 2 can have knot or also can tire surface.It can advantageously be configured to and make to exist reliable fixing, yet it does not cause the damage of axle and retains the least possible moisture.Supporting element 247 (according to the form of foot) tilts, to be suitable for the bending of axle.This has improved the resistance to anti-ability to the robustness of distortion power, centnifugal force and acceleration force.By in hull outside, use a plurality of suitable foots be formed on sensor on axis from directed, by this, from orientation, can guarantee when mounted: the measurement axis of internal sensor be accurately parallel to or perpendicular to axle come directed.
Fig. 9 shows the perspective configuration of device 3 and another favourable expansion scheme of the coupling of axle 2.In this expansion scheme, use two around band (for example steel band) 254.Can further reduce thus the tendency of corrosion.In addition, this expansion scheme can with describe above similar.So magnitude relationship can be transferred to these two and be with, and wherein substitutes the width S of the steel band 254 in Fig. 8, only consider the outer peripheral distance of two steel bands now.
Figure 10 shows the transparent view of device 3 and another favourable expansion scheme of the coupling of axle 2.In this embodiment, be provided with the sleeve (Manschette) around sealing, device 3 can be placed in this sleeve together with optional equipoise.Around housing the additional protection for falling rocks, scraping, operation etc. is provided.Sleeve also provides the advantage aspect distortion power.Steel band 254 now in sleeve outer most surrounding once.At this, to consider to determine with size described above now the distance of relevant steel band.
Figure 11 shows with good grounds device of the present invention with for the schematic side elevation of the guideway vehicle 16 (compartment, railcar etc.) of the optional Infrastructure with wireless and wired mode signal transmission and monitoring guideway vehicle 16.Guideway vehicle 16 has device 3 and equipoise 4 on axle 2.Consider the axle 2 shown in two for this reason.Device 3 can build as described at this.By device 3, detect and by the data of preanalysis, can be sent with different approach to central authorities 15 if desired.The telematics unit 13 with radio communications set of following can be arranged on guideway vehicle 16 and via wireless link 17, the sensor signals by device 3 transmission (for example mileage and if desired additional information or the result of preanalysis, moment that especially error code, motion start etc.) received and send central 15 to via the second wireless link 20.Telematics unit advantageously comprises microcontroller, radio interface, memory device, the module for GPS, GSM, bluetooth and/or UMTS, battery and/or vibration sensor and a large amount of other sensors if desired.In addition, the fixing radio communications set 14 in position can carry out sensor-lodging and send central authorities 15 to via the additional communication line 19 without cable or cable connection via wireless link 18.Wireless link 18 also can for example, be worked according to conventional mobile wireless electric standard (GSMU or MTS).Data can be with centralized system determination and analysis in central authorities 15.As another selection scheme, data can be moved device 12 via communication connection 11 wireless or that cable connects and receive.Via communication line 17,18 and 11, also can arrange and change the parameter in device 3.Although compare and there will be stronger reflection on guideway vehicle with the situation of frequency lower, wireless link 17 can advantageously be used the high frequency limit of 868MHz or 2.4GHz.This also the complicated Infrastructure of a large amount of devices 3 and complexity read scene and monitoring scene aspect prove surprisingly suitable.Compared with frequency of radio low, that permit for train work especially, for ripple, the propagation conditions in boxcar environment and the possible interference that causes by common user can be favourable in use.
According to a favourable aspect of the present invention, be not only that a device 3 is arranged on the axle of Vehicle Axles of guideway vehicle 16, but a plurality ofly independently install 3,3A etc. is arranged on each axle or Vehicle Axles 2.According to this aspect of the present invention, device 3,3A is not only relevant to guideway vehicle 16, but in fact relevant to corresponding axle or Vehicle Axles 2.Correspondingly, telematics unit 13 can be communicated by letter with 3A with two devices 3.Exist to the dedicated radio link 17A that installs 3A.Mobile device 12 also can contact with device 3A via wireless link 11A.Finally, this is also applicable to the fixing radio communications set in position 14, and it is communicated by letter with the second device via wireless link 18A.Each device 3 and 3A can build as described at this.Advantageously, telematics unit 13 for example can be distinguished between device 3 and 3A now, and determines thus which signal (motion beginning, mileage, speed, rotation direction, wheel locking, braking action etc.) is derived from which Vehicle Axles 2.
The mileage of boxcar for example can be derived in telematics unit 13 from the increment of each mileage.Therefore, the mileage of each Vehicle Axles 2 and the check of fault history are particularly advantageous, because Vehicle Axles 2 can be changed individually.At this, these Vehicle Axles 2 can have the mileage different from vehicle and fault history.Aspect the safety and reliability of guideway vehicle, these information have great meaning.Under failure condition, telematics unit can send alarm signal to central authorities via radio.So, can find fast and if desired also can trouble-shooting.In order to realize relevant to Vehicle Axles 2 and guideway vehicle 16, coding can be set in device.This coding can be clear and definite and unmodifiable.
Mobile device 12 can be constructed as: once that this mobile device is closely positioned at device 3, the 3A that will read is upper, and reading device 3,3A.For this reason, can encourage reed sensor 251 (with reference to Fig. 3) so and activate the device will being read by magnet.
Telematics unit 13 can be constructed as by the position of GPS check guideway vehicle and for example speed or sense of motion.This can between or carry out, to the authenticity examination by device 3, the data that provide of 3A is provided.Especially for by the speed signal being transmitted by sensor and current GPS velocity ratio.In addition, equally can for example, in failure condition (report: the wheel locking of device) whether lower inspection guideway vehicle does not move really.In addition, guideway vehicle can be positioned if desired.Telematics unit 13 also can advantageously have vibration sensor, and it is responsible for: when guideway vehicle moves, just activate telematics unit 13.The autonomous operation time of telematics unit is advantageously until 6 years or 7 years.
By device 3 according to the present invention and 3A, by unit compactness, single-piece and sealing, can carry out rotational motion identification and vehicle frame is diagnosed, this unit can install additional simply.
Telematics unit 13 can be in regular time gap inquiry unit 3,3A, rather than wait for the transmission of device.In another favourable expansion scheme, telematics unit 13 and device 3,3A have respectively real-time clock and synchonize in addition.So, determine and can be provided for transmission constantly.For failure condition, (locking, derailing) also can be arranged on the transmission outside limited time gap, for example, in the vibration sensor in device 252 after response and in telematics unit 13 after preceding standing time.
Figure 12 shows according to the view of the simplification of the section of device of the present invention embodiment.Show wheel 1, for example the wheel 1 of guideway vehicle (not shown).The axle 2 (being usually only called simplifiedly in addition axle) that is mounted with Vehicle Axles or Vehicle Axles on wheel 1, it reaches in plan, makes only to illustrate its cross-sectional plane.Axle 2 can typically connect the wheel of two same types of guideway vehicle 1.On axle 2, be provided with unit 3, it comprises at least one motion sensor, and this motion sensor can be determined static acceleration at least one axis (direction).On the opposite side of unit 3, be provided with equipoise 4, to avoid overbalance.When wheel 1 propulsion at guideway vehicle or reverse, on base 5, roll, base 5 can be for example track.The axial direction that acceleration pick-up can determination of acceleration therein represents by X-axis, Y-axis and Z axis.X-axis, Y-axis and Z axis are perpendicular to one another respectively.In addition, the direction of terrestrial gravitation or gravitational field/terrestrial gravitation acceleration/accel illustrates by arrow 1G.X-axis is pointed to the tangential direction with respect to the circumference of the cross-sectional plane of axle 2, and Z axis points to from the axial direction of the radial direction at the center of axle 2 and Y-axis sensing axle 2, from plan out.In Fig. 3, microprocessor, memory device, semiconductor memory and for transmitting the radio module of data especially can also be set except acceleration pick-up.Thus, can be to carrying out pretreatment partly or completely by the definite signal of acceleration pick-up in unit 3.Substitute radio module ground and also other interfaces can be set, by these interfaces reading out data from unit 3 by wireless or cable.The rotation direction of Vehicle Axles or axle is illustrated together with angular velocity omega.Equally, with respect to terrestrial gravitation acceleration/accel explanation angle of rotation α.The angle of rotation α of axle 2 can detect by passive movement sensor.In concrete application, so can detect rotating speed, pivot angle and/or inclination, the irregularity on slewing arrangement, the irregularity on base that may occur and the impact causing by other objects of axle 2.So especially can determine distance (mileage), quiescence, wheel locking, speed, abnormal work state (wearing and tearing, derailing), track damage, transition impact and the run duration of covering based on sensor signal.Acceleration pick-up is especially measured the terrestrial gravitation acceleration/accel that acts on axis and sensor.The axis rotating in earth gravity field or axle 2 (as long as its angle not in 90 ° with respect to earth surface) produce the periodic signal of X-axis sensor and Z axis sensor according to the pivot angle of the variation of axle 2.The frequency of signal is corresponding to the rotating speed of axis.At center of the present invention, be the analysis of the time changing curve of sensor signal, for determining mileage or moving velocity, and the detection of the analysis by automation to specific interference.
Figure 13 shows according to the view of another simplification of the embodiment of Figure 12.The wheel 1 and the axle 2 that show guideway vehicle are provided with according to one embodiment of present invention according to device of the present invention on axle 2.Appreciable especially unit 3, it can also comprise the other electronic unit for pretreatment and transmission data above as set forth except acceleration pick-up.By accompanying drawing again this obtain axial axis as upper/lower positions, in this position, acceleration pick-up can determination of acceleration.Y-axis is pointed to the axial direction of axle 2.Y-axis can realize determines that axle 2 is with respect to horizontal inclination.X-axis is pointed to the radial direction of axle, in the rotation direction of axle or against the rotation direction of axle.Z axis is extending in the radial direction.Angle of inclination is γ.So analytic unit according to the present invention can be constructed as the inclination of also determining guideway vehicle.
Figure 14 to 20 shows for the sensor signal SX of axial direction X and Z and SZ, as it can occur and be transmitted to analytic unit or microcontroller in device 3 according to aspects of the present invention.Based on incoming signal, analytic unit 23 or provide definite output signal or result of a measurement according to the unit 13,14 or 15 of Figure 11.For this reason, analytic unit 23 or unit 13,14 or 15 are configured to the time changing curve of analyte sensors signal SX, SZ (or along the 3rd relevant signal SY of the inclination to Vehicle Axles (axle 2) of the 3rd axle) and especially calculate mileage and/or speed and detection failure signal if desired.
Figure 14 shows the diagram of curves with a part for the exemplary time changing curve of two signal SX, SZ of the acceleration pick-up of the situation lower device 3 (as previously described) travelling at the continuous forward direction of vehicle.Show curve output signal SX, SZ, temporal or relevant with pivot angle ω of acceleration pick-up, this acceleration pick-up can be coupled with the Vehicle Axles 2 of guideway vehicle according to the present invention.Figure 14 relates to output signal SX, the SZ that continuous forward direction travels and reflection is relevant with Z axis (SZ) to X-axis (SX).These signals are periodic sinusoidal wire sizes, and it is superimposed with little interference.The signal SZ corresponding with Z axis has the biasing relevant with speed (offsetting) with respect to the signal SX relevant with X-axis, and it is exemplarily about 0.5g (g is terrestrial gravitation acceleration/accel) at this.The direction of rotational motion can obtain the phase shift with respect to the signal SZ relevant with Z axis from the signal SX relevant to X-axis.Current in the situation that, showing forward direction travels.
Figure 15 shows the signal according to Figure 14, and wherein Figure 15 relates to backward travelling now.Correspondingly, the signal SZ relevant to Z axis surpasses the signal SX of X-axis.Yet in the situation that the speed of guideway vehicle is identical, it is constant that the cycle of these signals or frequency keep.Therefore, from the maxim of these signals, can in electronic analysis device, determine speed and the mileage from having determined at the time master curve of these signals (or even only one of these signals) electronic analysis device.
Figure 16 shows again the view corresponding with Figure 14, wherein on rotating part, has damage, makes in two signal SX, SZ, to occur peak pari passu in periodic intervals.This peak (disturbing spike etc.) can be determined in the scope of analyzing, the identification structure of this dissecting needle to this interference.Periodically provided following explanation: the part in rotation for example exists damage or have defect on bearing or plane of action on flat part.In addition can from sensor signal SX, SZ, infer, the exact location of damage.Analytic unit (for example unit 23 or one of unit 12,13,14 or 15) can be constructed as the particular location of deriving the damage on wheel from sensor signal SX, SZ.Especially can determination of acceleration value from the vector of accekeration SX and SZ is synthetic or the direction of impact.Therefore, by device according to the present invention, also can between vertical impact and horizontal impact, distinguish.In the situation that the direction of the accekeration that consideration obtains can be distinguished different signal types or fault type (damage of the bearing, transition are impacted, loaded etc.), as gone back further elaboration below.
Figure 17 shows sensor signal SX, the SZ according to Figure 14 again, wherein now for example, on base, there is in orbit damage.In the case, in two axis, there is individually in vertical direction pro rata accekeration (outlier, interference spike etc.).So automatic analysis can be constructed as, make independent interference spike or outlier evaluation in the vertical direction and be output as base damage.
Figure 18 for example shows, in the situation that impacting in a longitudinal direction (transition) according to signal SX, the SZ of Figure 14.In the case, in two axis, there is individually in the horizontal direction pro rata accekeration (outlier, interference spike etc.).So can be constructed as, automatic analysis make the interference spike of signal be identified as longitudinal impact or transition impact.Especially, can be output together with constantly if desired using the impulse detection higher than 2.4g in the horizontal direction and as fault.
Figure 19 relates to following situation: wherein rail carriages motion from moment tx, yet wheel locking.Output signal SX, SZ illustrate acyclic accekeration (improving because vibrations cause noise) from moment tx, and unmeasured to periodic signal (that is to say that axis rotates) during this period.In the situation that periodically, the sine-shaped signal relevant with pivot angle disappear simultaneously, coming across of the noise of raising is to be identified as wheel locking.So analysis portion can for example be stored these signals together with the moment of appearance and the time length of appearance.
Finally, Figure 20 shows in the situation that derail or the persistence loss acceleration signal SX of take turns-track contact, the possible change curve of SZ.In the case, determine in the situation that the continuous stack of constant time gap sinusoidal signal and disturbance variable in all axis, part is with the feature of periodic cycle in vertical direction.So the automatic identification of these signals is possible by mentioned feature and can be identified in the analytic unit correspondingly building.Can trigger if desired alarm signal or at least determine constantly.
According to a further aspect in the invention also can be by centnifugal force, at the upper acceleration/accel of measuring of radial direction (Z axis), determine or the rotating speed of verification Vehicle Axles 2.As long as it is constant that speed keeps, these parts relate to same signal (Gleichsignal).So being configured to, analytic unit according to the present invention make it carry out the comparison with this signal.
Can fault or state is relevant to simple error code that determine, specific according to a particular extension scheme of the present invention.Favourable is for example following coding:
Table 1
| Coding | Describe |
| 0×01 NN NN NN NN | Locking |
| 0×02 NN NN NN NN | Derailing |
| 0×03 NN NN NN NN | Horizontal impact > 2.4g |
| 0×04 NN NN NN NN | Damage on rotating part |
| 0×05 NN NN NN NN | Damage on base |
| 0×F1 NN NN NN NN | Mileage (km state) |
| 0×F2 NN NN NN NN | Speed |
| 0×F3 NN NN NN NN | Hot box |
| 0×F4 NN NN NN NN | Brake action in bad order |
| 0×F5 NN NN NN NN | Apply brake |
| 0×F6 NN NN NN NN | Loading/quality |
Coding can be the simple digital coding of faulty condition.In order to transmit, the particular data (for example ID) with device and the preamble (Praeambel) of encryption parameter can be added as to prefix.' NN NN NN NN ' is the useful data of 4 bits.These useful datas can also comprise the timestamp of real-time clock except the useful data that comprises kilometer state or indication.Described table 1 has illustrated several favourable examples in the situation that not requiring integraty.Timestamp can be advantageously used in determines compartment sequence.State can relate to the operation of drg, and it is the analysis of the signal based on structure-borne sound sensor for example.The signal of same temperature sensor can be determined, for detection of hot box.Impact can be determined by acceleration pick-up.Several states or fault are determined (for example with brake service, be that the relevant acceleration/accel of structure-borne sound or speed change) by the combination of sensor signal.This goes for temperature sensor equally.
So according to aspects of the present invention at vehicle, especially settle single-axis acceleration sensors, two axle acceleration sensors or 3-axis acceleration sensor on the axle of guideway vehicle or Vehicle Axles, it measures the accekeration occurring in X-axis, Y-axis and Z-direction.Acceleration pick-up is firmly connected with axis and along with axis rotates around axis intermediate point.Especially, acceleration pick-up measurement acts on the terrestrial gravitation acceleration/accel of axis or sensor.The axis rotating in earth gravity field (as long as its angle not in 90 ° with respect to earth surface) produces the cyclical signal of X-axis sensor and Z axis sensor according to the pivot angle of the variation of axis.The frequency of signal is corresponding to the rotating speed of axis.Meanwhile, can detect at least one breakdown signal.These signals can relate to the Vehicle Axles of guideway vehicle.
Figure 21 shows one embodiment of the present of invention relevant with compartment sequence with train consist list.
At this, guideway vehicle is the train with N joint compartment.The first compartment W1 can be locomotive engine or as shown here, be simple compartment.Have compartment W1, W2, W3, W4 ... the train of WN-1, WN-1, WN started to left movement in the moment 0.Compartment W1 is at moment TS1 (time stamp T S1) setting in motion.Compartment W2 is at moment TS2 setting in motion, because be provided with between W2 and W1 with the power-transfer clutch of gap or elastic portion for example.Thus, cause the delay Δ T=TS2-TS1 between the starting constantly in compartment.The 3rd compartment W3 correspondingly just starts at moment TS3, and the 4th compartment W4 is in moment TS4 starting, and N-2 joint compartment WN-2 just starts at moment TSN-2, and N-1 joint compartment WN-1 starts at moment TSN in moment TSN-1 starting and final section compartment WN.Time delay between corresponding adjacent compartment must be not long equally in couples.However, be suitable for and have ready conditions TSi < TSj for i < j all the time, wherein i, j are natural numbers.Can determine the order in compartment thus, because the compartment Wi moving from first segment it seems, be suitable for and have all the time: POSi < POSj, for i < j, wherein i, j are as limited above.Less i, j, in meaning that position approaches the front portion of train, drive compartment (Triebwagen) to be positioned on this front portion.In the situation that pure promotion campaign (Schubbewegung), relation is certainly just the opposite.
The in the situation that of operative installations 3, realize motion detection, this installs to pinch the described mode of face and is fixed on the axle 2 of compartment W1 to WN.Compartment W1 to WN can be on each axle 2 of its Vehicle Axles or only on an axle 2, is had device 3.This illustrates by the numbering 1 to N on wheel.Device 3 can advantageously have according to the rotation sensor of aforementioned aspect and embodiment or motion sensor, acceleration pick-up especially.
According to this aspect of the present invention, conventionally can use following relation in ground:
POSX＝F(TSX)，
Wherein POSX is that relative position and the TSX of guideway vehicle (i.e. compartment in train) are the relative or absolute cranking timies of guideway vehicle (being the compartment X in train).
Advantageously, the identification characteristics IDX of compartment X brings this function into, draws thus following relation: POSX=F (TSX, IDX).
This ID can be stored in device 3.The identification number IDWX that can relate in one embodiment axle, this can explain in such a way:
POSX＝F(TSX，IDWX)。
Thus, this ID also can be for identification compartment.So can relate to the clear and definite and number of unique distribution only, it is assigned to unique axle.In another embodiment, identification number IDX can be distributed to compartment, so it can be stored in the device in axle equally.So it can advantageously relate to read-only memory (ROM), its number storing.Value IDX or IDWX are can be advantageously protected and avoid the unallowed impact of operation afterwards.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the device 3 on the axle 1 to N of compartment W1 to WN also can communicate with one another or from a device, be sent to next device to major general's data.This can preferably realize by device 3 being configured to structure self-organizing network.This network can in the situation that tissue track vehicle, especially with the spontaneously self-configuring of train in a plurality of compartments.It can be advantageously by data, the device from the axle in compartment 3 sends to adjacent on the axle in another compartment or approaching device 3 at least spatially.Can cross over large distance thus, itself otherwise can only overcome by improving the transmitted power of single assembly.Thus, can save power.For this reason, device 3 can provide necessary agreement, for authentication vs. authorization in formed network.Additionally, device is advantageously configured to the parameter additionally needing for guideway vehicle is yet provided except traditional network characteristic., for example, can enter data in device, these data define the membership with train for this reason.Also can input the parameter in the compartment that relates to train.These parameters can link with one or more ID of the axle in compartment or compartment and persistence store.Device 3 can have clearly unique ID, and it links with the axle 2 of guideway vehicle.Thus, characteristic that can monitor shaft 2 and checking as basis.Operation only has and when device is removed, is only possiblely, and this can stop by the sealing (as described above) of the axle with Vehicle Axles again.
The exchange of data can be undertaken by different other device 12,14 with wireless mode as further described with reference to Figure 11 above.These devices can be set to the one or more telematics units 14 on each compartment, or are set to hand-held device 12 or stationary device 12 in train exterior.So device 12,14 can be born a part for signal analysis or the data that complete of receiving device 2.Device 3,12,14 can be integrated in Infrastructure, as it was described with reference to Figure 11.Especially, then train sequence information also can in infrastructure device, advantageously be utilized.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, device 3 is configured to the natural resonance frequency of determining axle 2 in addition.Especially, this device can comprise structure-borne sound sensor or other acoustic sensor, to detect the movement of the natural resonance frequency of axle 2.At this, preferably use the excitation of the axle 2 causing due to work to determine the movement of natural resonance frequency.Device 3 especially can be constructed as possible fault or dangerous aspect analyze the movement of natural resonance frequency.At this, device 3 can comprise analytic unit, the movement of the natural resonance frequency of this analytic unit based on axle 2 in bad order, and the crack of especially detecting axle 2 forms.Especially, can realize the detection of this fault on each axle of guideway vehicle.Analysis can be communicated by letter or storage in device by telematics unit or radio unit.Correspondingly, can when surpassing threshold value, trigger alarm signal.
In addition, device 3 according to the present invention can be constructed as by analyzing, with the gyrofrequency of axle 2, the natural frequency of axle 2 is modulated to implement breakdown diagnosis.Advantageously, the separate excitation that does not need vibration.But analyze in ongoing work.So excitation for example realizes by the uneven portion on plane of action and/or track.In addition, these excitations can be when loading and unloading, when transition, trigger by pass through uneven portion and/or track switch, and these excitations can automatically be analyzed for the movement of natural frequency in device 3 according to the present invention.When device 3 has acceleration pick-up or structure-borne sound microphone, device can be constructed as and records this autoexcitation.The analysis of vibration can directly be carried out in device 3, wherein can detect there the movement of natural frequency.With the deviation of the expectation value of natural frequency can in the situation that the sign in explanation device 3 or axle 2 or wheel set or compartment by radiocommunication, report to central authorities or be stored in device.Certified: (for example forming on axle 2) damage can change the frequency spectrum of the natural frequency of axle 2.Thus, by warning with the danger that relatively can damage other that will occur in advance and cause thus of expectation frequency spectrum.
In addition, axle 2 stands bending load conventionally.The bending load especially point of action of the offsetting by the load that will be supported by axle 2 forms, yet also the deadweights by axle 2 itself form.Certified: the bending load of axle 2 changes the natural frequency of axle 2.In device 3 according to this embodiment of the invention, can utilize this effect, to for example determine the weight of the current vehicle capacity of guideway vehicle or boxcar.The weight of vehicle capacity is larger, and more greatly and thus the movement of natural frequency is larger for the bending load in axle 2.This is particularly useful for intac axle.For example, in the situation that there is the axle (crack formation) of damage, except the movement of natural frequency, can also determine the change of natural frequency frequency spectrum.So, for example, the in the situation that of axle 2 rotation, with the gyrofrequency of axle 2, the natural frequency frequency spectrum of axle 2 is modulated.According to this embodiment, according to device 3 of the present invention, especially can advantageously be configured to and detect this modulation of natural frequency frequency spectrum and for example, for determining the fault (crack formation) on axle.
Claims (12)
1. a device, it comprises sensor and is configured to the axle coupling with the guideway vehicle of belt wheel, wherein, described sensor is acceleration pick-up, this acceleration pick-up is suitable for determining static acceleration along at least one first axle of described acceleration pick-up, and wherein
Described acceleration pick-up is arranged on the axle rotating pro rata with car speed in response to the travelling motion of vehicle, make acceleration pick-up motion, thereby the component that makes the terrestrial gravitation acceleration/accel measured by acceleration pick-up is because the described first axle of the described acceleration pick-up Angulation changes with respect to earth gravity field changes
Described device also comprises: analytic unit, it is configured to the output signal that receives the measured acceleration/accel in time of the sign of acceleration pick-up, and based on described output signal, determines mileage and at least one faulty condition of guideway vehicle.
2. device according to claim 1, is wherein coupled and realizes by the coiling to axle.
3. device according to claim 1 and 2, it is configured to, and carries out the location positioning of guideway vehicle according to spatial filter method.
4. device according to claim 1 and 2, wherein this device is configured to the motion of determining guideway vehicle in definite moment.
5. device according to claim 1 and 2, wherein this device is configured in definite moment and determines the external mechanical influence to compartment.
6. device according to claim 1 and 2, wherein this device builds for detection of state " brake off " and/or " apply brake ".
7. device according to claim 1 and 2, wherein this device comprises temperature sensor.
8. device according to claim 1, wherein said acceleration pick-up is arranged on the excircle of Vehicle Axles and the axle coupling of one of wheel.
9. according to the device described in claim 1 or 8, wherein this device comprises sensor, and this sensor is suitable for detecting the autoexcitation of the axle of guideway vehicle.
10. device according to claim 9, wherein this device is further configured to, and detected autoexcitation is being analyzed aspect the deviation with expectation value, so and infer the damage of axle or the load of axle.
11. 1 kinds for monitoring the method for guideway vehicle, it has following steps: at least one first axle along acceleration pick-up is measured static acceleration, the axle of guideway vehicle is rotated in earth gravity field according to rotatablely moving of the wheel of vehicle, the component that makes measured static earth acceleration due to gravity is because the described first axle of the described acceleration pick-up Angulation changes with respect to earth gravity field changes, and from the change curve of measured acceleration/accel, determines mileage and at least one faulty condition of guideway vehicle.
12. 1 kinds of guideway vehicles that are used to belt wheel install additional for monitoring the method for device of the ride characteristic of guideway vehicle: can determine that the acceleration pick-up of static acceleration is arranged on the body of rotation along at least one axis of acceleration pick-up, make acceleration pick-up motion when the rotatablely moving of the wheel of vehicle, thereby the component that makes the terrestrial gravitation acceleration/accel measured by acceleration pick-up is because the described axis of the described acceleration pick-up Angulation changes in time with respect to earth gravity field changes, wherein be provided with analytic unit, this analytic unit is configured to from acceleration pick-up, in the output signal of the acceleration/accel in time that explanation is measured by acceleration pick-up, determine mileage and at least one faulty condition of guideway vehicle.
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| DE102009020428A DE102009020428A1 (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2009-05-08 | Device and method for a rail vehicle |
| PCT/EP2009/008211 WO2010057623A2 (en) | 2008-11-19 | 2009-11-18 | Device and method for a rail vehicle |
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| EP (1) | EP2432669B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102333687B (en) |
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- 2009-11-18 EP EP09763838.1A patent/EP2432669B1/en active Active
- 2009-11-18 WO PCT/EP2009/008211 patent/WO2010057623A2/en active Application Filing
- 2009-11-18 AU AU2009317576A patent/AU2009317576B2/en active Active
- 2009-11-18 CA CA2744287A patent/CA2744287C/en active Active
- 2009-11-18 US US13/130,147 patent/US9211879B2/en active Active
- 2009-11-18 PL PL09763838T patent/PL2432669T3/en unknown
- 2009-11-18 RU RU2011124883/11A patent/RU2524805C2/en active
- 2009-11-18 CN CN200980154759.2A patent/CN102333687B/en active Active
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2011
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2015
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| CN107063704A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2017-08-18 | 通用电气公司 | Sensor signal processing system and method |
| WO2024064430A1 (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2024-03-28 | Bnsf Railway Company | System and method for detecting axle body and filet cracks in rail vehicles |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102333687A (en) | 2012-01-25 |
| RU2524805C2 (en) | 2014-08-10 |
| CA2744287A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
| CA2744287C (en) | 2017-05-02 |
| RU2011124883A (en) | 2012-12-27 |
| EP2432669A2 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
| DE102009020428A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
| PL2432669T3 (en) | 2019-11-29 |
| ZA201103698B (en) | 2012-06-27 |
| WO2010057623A2 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
| WO2010057623A3 (en) | 2012-02-02 |
| EP2432669B1 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
| US20160144876A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
| AU2009317576A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
| US20110231039A1 (en) | 2011-09-22 |
| AU2009317576B2 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
| US9211879B2 (en) | 2015-12-15 |
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