CN102326693B - Carp overwintering feed - Google Patents
Carp overwintering feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN102326693B CN102326693B CN2011101961515A CN201110196151A CN102326693B CN 102326693 B CN102326693 B CN 102326693B CN 2011101961515 A CN2011101961515 A CN 2011101961515A CN 201110196151 A CN201110196151 A CN 201110196151A CN 102326693 B CN102326693 B CN 102326693B
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- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses carp overwintering feed. The following raw materials by weight percent are added into carp feed one month before the overwintering: 1 to 30 percent of wheat, 0.01 to 0.50 percent of vitamin C, 0.001 to 0.03 percent of vitamin E and 0.001 to 0.02 percent of vitamin K3. The carp overwintering feed is safe and high-efficient, is simple and convenient to operate and has strong feasibility. In addition, a preparation method of the carp overwintering feed is simple and feasible, so favorable social value can be created.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to contain the animal-breeding feed that derives from animal and raw mineral materials, particularly a kind of carp overwintering feed.
Background technology
Along with the development of aquaculture industry, the fish culture technology is constantly progressive, and the fisherman is also being risen year by year to the cognition of fish valency market.Therefore, the cultivation of fish changes market oriented planned " putting receipts " into gradually by original " spring puts autumn harvest ", and namely annual each time can be sold the finished product fish.Relevant supporting the having higher requirement such as aquatic products cultural technique and feed are given in change in this cultivation.As a kind of feed product, not merely only be cheap, feed coefficient is low, more will guarantee " annual fish safely, the safety of surviving the winter minus scale ".
A large amount of studies show that, the physical health of fish is closely bound up with factors such as kind, aquaculture management, water quality situation, feed situations.But the control of kind, water quality etc. and change, difficulty are very large, and controllable factor is few.Therefore, a lot of scholars indirectly improve the healthy of fish and reduce risk and the loss of surviving the winter by the change that feed nutrition forms.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, a kind of carp overwintering feed simple, that manufacture craft is easy of filling a prescription is provided, and can reach desirable feeding effect, the fish safety, loss of surviving the winter is low, and the safety of feed own, and is easy to use, growth is fast, has created preferably social value and economic interests.
Vitamin C (Vc) is the hexose derivative, is the colourless crystallization water soluble, and tool is acid, is a kind of strong reductant, participates in the metabolic redox reaction of fish body directly.The people such as Japanese scholars Ikeda study discovery, and carp has the ability of synthetic Vc, but whether its synthetic quantity can satisfy self needs also can't determine.And in the bodies such as rainbow trout, Biwa Lake trout, sweetfish, common eel, porgy, Tilapia mossambica, all do not find this enzyme, and therefore that these fishes may cannot or hardly be synthesized Vc(week is bright, 2000).Therefore, this has illustrated that also some fingerling is responsive especially for the feed of vitamin C deficiency, and some fingerling then only needs to add a small amount of vitamin C just can obtain preferably efficiency of feed utilization.In fact, if most fish can not obtain ectogenic Vc in the middle of feed, to be difficult to keep the fish body and grow normally, as the Vc deficiency disease of sweetfish show as that poor appetite, the damage of gill cover lower jaw section, fin base portion are hemorrhage, head rear extravasated blood, exophthalmos ' etc.Vc is to the formation of matter between connective tissue, bone, vascular cell, and keeps these and organize normal function to play an important role.If Vc is not enough in the body, can affect the synthetic of the hydroxylation of proline and collagenous fibres, cause connective tissue undesired, finally be reflected as the symptoms such as the spine malformation, gill cover distortion, blood vessel crisp fritter of fish, subcutaneous and fin root is hemorrhage.As to studies show that of ditch Nian, do not contain in the basal feed group of vitamin C and find that the deformity of spine of 26 % is individual, reason is that collagen content significantly reduces (Walter G. et al., 1992) in the backbone.In addition, owing to ascorbic shortage, the activity decreased of hydroxylase, also affect the hydroxylation reaction of phenylalanine and lysine etc., caused poor growth.The metabolism of vitamin C and other vitamins and mineral matter material is also closely related: vitamin C is by providing free radical to save vitamin E.Vitamin C can reduce fish to the sensitiveness of the E that is deficient in vitamin; Vitamin C can activate folic acid; It is synthetic that vitamin C can participate in carnitine, and carnitine is inseparable with fatty metabolism, and therefore, vitamin C has the lipometabolic effect of indirect promotion.Vitamin C can improve to resist coerces ability, improves energetic supersession and improves immunity.In addition, it is synthetic that vitamin C can participate in carnitine, and the metabolism of carnitine and fat is inseparable, and therefore, vitamin C has the lipometabolic effect of indirect promotion, and certainty also cause the change of energetic supersession.This shows, add suitable vitamin C in the feed, can remedy fish stress ascorbic loss, increase the benign cycle of fat metabolism and protein, improve energetic supersession.
Vitamin E (vitamin E, VE) is one of focus of current additive research, and vitamin E has many physiological actions, and wherein antioxidation is one of critical function.VE can improve fish anti-oxidation stress ability, strengthens immune disease-resistance power, and promotion health grows, and improves survival rate, and the aquatic products that promote culture fishery, production safe and sanitary are had great importance.
The vitamin K major function also can affect the bone growth of fish, the content of vitamin K and the impact that existence form is subjected to food in the fish body except promoting the synthetic factor of liver and clotting factor.Ponston report brook trout clotting time when vitamin K deficiency postpones, and hematocrite value descends, but on not obviously impact of growth rate; Taveekijakarn is to Oncorhynchus
OncorhynchusrhodurusStudies show that, the death rate of vitamin K shortage group reaches 50 %.In addition, the vitamin K of a large amount has negative effect, and report is all arranged in mammality and fish.Grahl-Madsen thinks, MSB is that the body weight gain of 615 mg group and 918 mg group cod is that 2115mg organizes faster than MSB in every kilogram of dry feed.The feeding volume of Atlantic salmon is every kilogram of dry feed when containing 30 mgMSB, and its growth also is suppressed.Nearest research discovery, the shortage of vitamin K also will affect the bone tissues of fishes normal growth.Udagawa has studied ground fish with vitamin K in the feed
1And K
3On the impact of vertebra, found that the unusual number of individuals of bone of vitamin K shortage group obviously increases, think that vitamin K is essential to its bone growth.Also find in addition a large amount of throwing something and feeding vitamin K
3Can cause that the bone abnormal rate was increases, a large amount vitamin K1 then has no the bone ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS to throwing something and feeding; While vitamin K deficiency group and K
3Unusually the distinguishing than the K1 interpolation of vertebra itself of adding the district has obvious increase, and K is described as vitamin K
1Compare K
3Be more suitable for.
Energy, as essential nutriment, the in recent years application on fish also is widely used.A large amount of results of study show, energy has the function of saving albumen.Fish are at overwintering period, to being in great demand of energy, if the Fish fat depot is not enough, and functional mass is not enough, will consume the albumen of self as the energy matter that sustains life, therefore, necessary suitably makeup energy again before surviving the winter improves being worth of feed.
Add vitamin in the feed, improve resistance against diseases and the immunity of fish body, improve the physical health of the fish that survives the winter; Before surviving the winter, that suitably improves feed can value, thereby replenishes the energy reserve of fish body, guarantees the energy requirement during the fish overwinter, can promote the health of fish body, reduces the loss of surviving the winter of fish.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of carp overwintering feed, described feed comprises: wheat; Vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K
3
The percentage by weight that described wheat accounts for whole components can be 1-30%.
The percentage by weight that described wheat accounts for whole components is preferably 5-15%.
The percentage by weight that described vitamin C accounts for whole components can be 0.01-0.50%.
The percentage by weight that described vitamin C accounts for whole components is preferably 0.03-0.08%.
The percentage by weight that described vitamin E accounts for whole components can be 0.001-0.03%.
The percentage by weight that described vitamin E accounts for whole components is preferably 0.008-0.015%.
Described vitamin K
3The percentage by weight that accounts for whole components can be 0.001-0.02%.
Described vitamin K
3The percentage by weight that accounts for whole components is preferably 0.001-0.01%.
Described wheat is preferably: 1 year wheat.
Described Vitamin U is elected as: vitamin C, vitamin E that Luo Shi (Roche) company produces, vitamin K
3
Energy, vitamin are carp growths and keep healthy essential nutriment.There are some researches show, energy is not more high better, provides the Material Source of energy health and the capacity usage ratio of fish to be had a great impact yet.Vitamin, especially fat-soluble vitamin E, K are larger to the function effect of animal body, low carp are had adverse influence and cross to exceed.
The present invention has carried out the science compatibility to carp overwintering feed, can reach desirable feeding effect, can safe overwintering, and safety is convenient again, and growth is fast, can create preferably social value and economic interests.
The specific embodiment
The present invention mainly from the resistance against diseases that improves carp, improve its immunological stress ability, suitable energy is provided, reach desirable carp physique deposit etc. and set about, in carp overwintering feed, provide suitable energy, vitamin C, vitamin K by exploring
3, vitamin E, and the feedstuff compatibility by science achieves the above object.
Select the raw material of high-quality: wheat, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, cotton dregs, fish meal, Choline Chloride etc., vitamin C, the vitamin K of cooperation proper proportion
3, vitamin E, granulation feed, the carp of feeding.Inquire into carp overwintering feed to the impact of carp overwintering.
For the present invention can develop practical carp overwintering feed, carried out pond feeding effect evaluation test in carp intensive cultivation district.
Materials and methods
Test is 1 year wheat with wheat, Jilin, the place of production.Vitamin C, vitamin K
3, vitamin E provides by Roche Holding Ag.The test fish is the Russian Super-carp of about 1 kilogram of body counterpoise.Test pond specification is 10 mu * 8,1.6 meters of the depth of waters, and breeding density is about 1500 tail/mus, and each pond is close, and aquaculture model and water quality etc. are without big-difference.
Select 4 ponds to do contrast, the common carp feed of feeding; Remain the pond of doing experiment, 4 ponds, survive the winter to change in front 1 month and feed carp overwintering feed.
The experimental basis daily ration forms and trophic level sees Table 1.
Annotate: summary nutritional labeling: moisture, 11%; Crude protein, 36%; Crude fat, 7%; Coarse ash, 8.4%; Calcium, 1.1%; Phosphorus 1.2%; Digestible energy contrasts 3100 kcal/kg, tests 3200 kcal/kg.
Feeding and management
Duration of test cultivates with hydrostatic, and breeding water is pond water, and each pond is furnished with 2 aerators, 2 device for feeding fish baits.Water level maintains 1.4-1.6 rice, and 5 of every mornings are driven aerator to point in evenings 5; Throw something and feed every day 4 times (7:00,11:00,13:30,16:30), every day, feeding volume was that the 2%-3%(feeding volume of every pond fish gross weight is regulated according to concrete condition).Beginning on October 5th, 2010, ended on November 10th, 2010 (weather effect, water temperature is low, the raiser no longer feeds fish), totally 36 days.From on November 10th, 2010 between 7 days March in 2011, any feed of not throwing something and feeding.During the cultivation, early stage, water temperature was 26.7 ± 2.5 ℃, 20 ± 2 ℃ of later stage water temperatures, natural lighting.Water temperature is lower than 15 ℃, stops feeding.Water body pH is 7.1-7.8, dissolved oxygen〉4mg/L, ammonia nitrogen＜0.3mg/L, nitrous acid nitrogen＜0.08mg/L.
Interpretation of result
On March 7th, 2011 raiser's fish.Data following (units/kg):
By as seen from Table 2, add vitamin and wheat after, increase before all the focusing on of carp survived the winter.Counterpoise before control group is survived the winter is 1.1125kg; Test group fish body weight is 1.24kg.After surviving the winter, the loss of weight of control group carp is 0.11kg, and test group is 0.0525kg.The test group fish has kept preferably body weight before surviving the winter, lose weight after surviving the winter relatively less.Calculate with the data that count on, output can be improved in the control group rear every pond of surviving the winter: (0.11-0.0525) * 1500*10=862.5kg, with this year carp price 5 yuan/jin calculate, then can to improve income 5*862.5*2/10=862.5 first every mu of pond.
Control group and test group be 8 ponds altogether, and all large-scale dead movement pattern of fish condition does not appear in safe overwintering.Than control group, test group fish physique is partially hard, and scale is compact during fish, and fish is movable active, and fur is fine.Control group is oppressed slightly biased soft, but fur is also better.
Claims (1)
1. a carp overwintering feed is characterized in that, described feed comprises following component: wheat 12.00%, DDGS8.00%, maize germ cake 6.1%, the dish dregs of rice 13.10%, cotton dregs 3.00%, dregs of beans 35.00%, expanded soybean 6.00%, corn protein powder 1.80%, imported meat and bone meal 2.5%, imported fish meal 7%, vegetable oil 2.00%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.00%, Choline Chloride 0.15%, premix 0.4%, vitamin C 0.05%, vitamin E 0.01%, prokeyvit 0.002%.
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| CN103120269B (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-17 | 盐城工学院 | Pike overwintering feed and production method thereof |
| CN103931947A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-07-23 | 临湘市东昇生物科技有限公司 | Vitaminum c (Vc)-containing fish medicine |
| CN104970260A (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2015-10-14 | 通威股份有限公司 | Feed for adult coregouns peled |
| CN110050729A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-07-26 | 吉林省水产科学研究院 | A kind of Tumen graining artificial fecundation method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101632416A (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2010-01-27 | 珠海市世海饲料有限公司 | Compound feed for snakehead fish |
| CN101642199A (en) * | 2009-09-02 | 2010-02-10 | 北京汉业科技有限公司 | Sturgeon feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN101912053A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2010-12-15 | 玉溪快大多畜牧科技有限公司 | Formulation technology of compound feed for carps |
| CN102106474A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-06-29 | 百洋水产集团股份有限公司 | Environmentally-friendly tilapia feed |
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| CN101632416A (en) * | 2009-07-03 | 2010-01-27 | 珠海市世海饲料有限公司 | Compound feed for snakehead fish |
| CN101642199A (en) * | 2009-09-02 | 2010-02-10 | 北京汉业科技有限公司 | Sturgeon feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN101912053A (en) * | 2010-07-19 | 2010-12-15 | 玉溪快大多畜牧科技有限公司 | Formulation technology of compound feed for carps |
| CN102106474A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-06-29 | 百洋水产集团股份有限公司 | Environmentally-friendly tilapia feed |
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