CN102326487B - Method for planting sunflowers in serious saline and alkaline land by sea - Google Patents
Method for planting sunflowers in serious saline and alkaline land by sea Download PDFInfo
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- CN102326487B CN102326487B CN201110230955A CN201110230955A CN102326487B CN 102326487 B CN102326487 B CN 102326487B CN 201110230955 A CN201110230955 A CN 201110230955A CN 201110230955 A CN201110230955 A CN 201110230955A CN 102326487 B CN102326487 B CN 102326487B
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 241000208818 Helianthus Species 0.000 title abstract 5
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 title abstract 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 58
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019600 saltiness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004894 snout Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting sunflowers in serious saline and alkaline land by the sea. The method comprises the following steps: A. preparing land, and constructing strip fields or raised fields; B. irrigating and icing with saline water in winter; C. covering with mulching films; D. sowing seeds; E. managing in the growing period; and F. harvesting when the sunflowers are grown up. According to the invention, through the series measures of arranging land, irrigating and icing with saline water in winter, ice melting and showering by saline water in spring, covering with mulching films for inhibiting saline and preserving soil moisture and the like, the saliferous content of soil at the root layer of the sunflowers is reduced, and the normal development of the sunflowers is ensured; and the method provided by the invention is simple to operate, has low cost, is suitable for being used in saline and alkaline regions by the sea, and has prominent economic, social and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water resource utilization and soil melioration technical field, the method that especially oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted in heavy saline land in the strand.
Background technology
The soil alkaline arid is the principal element of restriction agricultural development, and traditional alkaline land improving mainly is the filling row measure realization of drenching salt, extracting underground water, lowering of watertable through fresh water.Because freshwater resources are deficient, the application of this measure is restricted.Particularly littoral in the Bohai Sea, more than 2,000 ten thousand mu coastal saline-alkali soil is difficult to utilize owing to lacking fresh water, and crop is difficult to growth.Yet, though the coastal region freshwater resources are deficient, the salt water aboundresources.
Patent formerly " utilizing the method in bitter natural freezing improvement the saline land " (patent No.: 200510012450.3),, invented and utilized the icing method of irrigating the improvement saline land of salt water a kind of winter referring to the applicant according to the resources characteristic of coastal region; Promptly utilize the salt water freeze thawing degree of saltiness separated form water principle of freezing; Utilize natural cooling source in the winter time, utilize salt water to irrigate, irrigate the back and form ice sheet at upper soll layer; Because the melting point of different salinity salt water ice is different; Spring, the salt water of high concentration thawing earlier infiltrated earlier, brackish water the infiltrating until fresh water of melting afterwards along with temperature raises; Surface soil salinity there is a leaching, reaches the purpose of upper soll layer desalination.But above-mentioned research does not provide the concrete operation method of the specific crop of plantation, because different plant habit is different, still need on the basis of above-mentioned technology, explore the concrete plantation scheme that is suitable for Different Crop through a large amount of tests.
The oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is one of China four big oil crop, has certain salt resistance, in the light saline and alkaline district of moderate large-area plantation is arranged.Because geavy salt alkali district, strand soil salt content is high, subterranean water level is shallow, salinity is high, and except that the minority halophytes, general crop is difficult to growth.Seed sprouting and stage in the seedling stage salt resistance of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers are poor, and geavy salt alkali district creates and is fit to oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers seed sprouting and the water salt condition of emerging in the strand, are to guarantee that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers emerges and the whole growing normal growth also obtains the key than good yield.This patent has been invented the method that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted in heavy saline land in the strand on the basis of a large amount of tests.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of method that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted in heavy saline land in the strand; Through consolidation, winter salt water freeze irrigate, spring salt water ice melt dash drench, plastic mulching presses down a series of measures such as salt soil moisture conservation; Reduce the salt content of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers root layer soil, guarantee the normal growth of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention taked is following.
The method that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted in heavy saline land, strand, its step comprises:
A, consolidation: before going into the winter, carry out; Build bar field or raised fields on the ground at coastal saline-alkali; Make bar field or raised fields ground and phreatic distance be not less than 1m; Build and highly be the retaining ridge of 30cm in the bar field or around the raised fields, plowed soils applies effective content and is 12% superphosphate 100kg/ mu;
B, irrigation with saline water in winter freeze: when winter daily mean temperature stable when being lower than-5 ℃ the extracting saline groundwater irrigate, the irrigation water salt content below 15g/L, irrigation quantity 180mm;
C, plastic mulching: treat that salt water ice melts fully to infiltrate behind the soil early spring, in time utilize mulch film to cover, suppress the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring to reduce evaporation;
D, sowing: spring; Begin sowing when treating that the 5cm soil temperature is stable and reaching more than 13 ℃, adopt program request or mechanization mulch sowing on the film, seeding method is that width is capable or wait line-spacing to plant; Wide behavior 70cm during the capable sowing of width; Narrow row is 50cm, and waiting the line-spacing of line-spacing sowing is 60cm, and spacing in the rows is 28-30cm; The disposable effective content that applies is 34% coated urea 20kg/ mu during sowing, and herbicide spraying;
E, growing season management: oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers emerge back final singling in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, the 3700-4000 strain is counted in a mu strain; Weeds are wiped out and treated insect pests and plant diseases in timely manual work in vegetative period, spray insecticide, and pest control, and note water drainage, guarantee the normal growth of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers;
F, results: treat to gather when oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers grows up to.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1.5m greater than 1m, build the bar field, the bar field is wide 20 meters, length 500m, ditch depth 1.5m, bottom width 1m, wide 3m suitable for reading.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1m, build raised fields, the wide 10-15m of raised fields, raised fields ground identity distance underground water 1.5m.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, every separated 10m buries the reed handle of diameter 10cm underground on bar, raised fields, buried depth 40cm, and the draining reed than bar field or the long 1m of raised fields width, is buried length the two ends, back underground and is exposed in the drain ditch.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, among the step B, irrigate earlier and freeze with little water, treat the face of land form stablize ice sheet after, once irritate the sufficient 180mm water yield, the salt water ice sheet is stablized in formation after pouring water.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, among the step D, in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, the 5cm soil temperature is stable to be reached more than 13 ℃, begins sowing this moment.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, the kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is the short major part of the U.S..
Adopt the beneficial effect that technique scheme produced to be:
Seed sprouting and stage in the seedling stage salt resistance of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers are poor, and geavy salt alkali district creates and is fit to oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers seed sprouting and the water salt condition of emerging in the strand, are to guarantee that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers emerges and the whole growing normal growth also obtains the key than good yield; Plastic mulching measure in spring of the present invention has suppressed water evaporates, has reduced upwards migration of soil salt; Has the effect that presses down the salt soil moisture conservation; Improved the saline land, guaranteed that the one-tenth of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers seedling is lived and normal growth, realized that geavy salt alkali district, strand improves oily then certain herbaceous plants with big flowers high yield then;
The present invention makes the soil plough horizon salt content be reduced to below 0.4% oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers sowing time (the first tenday period of a month in late April to May) through a series of measures such as whole ground, the icing irrigation of salt water in winter, plastic mulching in spring, cultivation managements, and moisture content remains on more than 26%; Thereby guaranteed the insemination and emergence of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, simultaneously, irrigated through extracting in winter saline groundwater; Reduced subterranean water level, ice-melt in spring water combines plastic mulching after infiltrating and accomplishing, and has suppressed soil evaporation; Reduced upwards migration of soil salt; Rainy season, arriving can further reduce soil salt, made the root district of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers all be in low-salt environment in the whole growth phase, had guaranteed the normal growth of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers; The present invention is simple to operate, and cost is low, is adapted at geavy salt alkali district, strand and uses, and can promote the development that coastal saline-alkali district oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers produces, and increases farmers' income, improves the ecological environment, and has remarkable economical, society and ecological benefits;
Production test that 2008-2010 carried out shows, the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers sowing time late April-the first tenday period of a month in May, topsoil 20cm soil salt content is controlled at 0.25-0.32%, and soil moisture content remains on more than 26%, and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers after planting emergence rate has reached more than 90%; Whole growth phase 0-40cm soil salt content is controlled at below 0.4%, has guaranteed the normal growth of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, and per mu yield reaches 182kg; And contrast salt content in sowing time reaches more than 1%, and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers can not emerge and cause total crop failure.
Embodiment
Following examples have specified the present invention.Various raw material used in the present invention and items of equipment are conventional commercially available prod, all can buy directly through market to obtain.
Embodiment 1
Be applicant's application example that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted in heavy saline land in the strand below.This base is positioned at the Haixing County, Hebei province, belongs to the continental monsoon climate in warm temperate zone, 12.1 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, January mean temperature of air-4.6 ℃, the extreme minimum air temperature-19.9 ℃, 217 days frost-free seasons.Year, sunshine duration was 2718.8 hours, and average annual precipitation is 627.9mm, mainly concentrates on July～August, accounts for 74% of annual precipitation.This district belongs to littoral plain, and hypsography low-lying is smooth, and height above sea level 1.3-3.6m, soil are marine solonchak, and soil salt content is heavy saline land, strand more than 0.8%.Subterranean water level is shallow, and on average about 1 meter, the degree of mineralization of ground water is high, and salt content is at 7～20gL
-1
The method that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted in heavy saline land, strand, its step comprises:
A, consolidation: before going into the winter, carry out, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1.5m greater than 1m, build the bar field, the bar field is wide 20 meters, length 500m, ditch depth 1.5m, bottom width 1m, wide 3m suitable for reading; Spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1m, build raised fields, the wide 10-15m of raised fields, raised fields ground identity distance underground water 1.5m; Every separated 10m buries the reed handle of diameter 10cm underground on bar, raised fields, buried depth 40cm, and the draining reed than bar field or the long 1m of raised fields width, is buried length the two ends, back underground and is exposed in the drain ditch; Build and highly be the retaining ridge of 30cm in the bar field or around the raised fields, plowed soils applies effective content and is 12% superphosphate 100kg/ mu;
B, irrigation with saline water in winter are frozen: 5-15 day in January, daily mean temperature is stable to be lower than-5 ℃, and the extracting saline groundwater is irrigated, and the irrigation water salt content is 9.6-11.2g/L, irrigation quantity 180mm; Concrete operation method is to irrigate with little water earlier to freeze, treat the face of land form stablize ice sheet after, once irritate the sufficient 180mm water yield, the salt water ice sheet is stablized in formation after pouring water;
C, plastic mulching: 1-5 day in March, treat that salt water ice melts fully to infiltrate behind the soil, in time utilize the 90-120cm mulch film to cover, suppress the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring to reduce evaporation;
D, sowing: the 25-5 month in April 1, select for use the short major part of the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers kind U.S. of salt tolerant to sow, adopt program request or mechanization mulch sowing on the film, wait the line-spacing sowing, line-spacing 60cm, spacing in the rows 28-30cm; Disposablely before the sowing apply coated urea (effective content 34%) 20kg/ mu, and herbicide spraying;
E, growing season management: by the end of May, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is carried out thinning, final singling, the 3700-4000 strain is counted in the mu strain; Mainly be the control of snout moth's larva in florescence and the timely pest control of kind dish puberty of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers July;
F, early August gather.
According to the method described above, 2008-2010, the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers sowing time late April-the first tenday period of a month in May, topsoil 20cm soil salt content is controlled at 0.25-0.32%, and soil moisture content remains on more than 26%, and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers after planting emergence rate has reached more than 90%; Whole growth phase 0-40cm soil salt content is controlled at below 0.4%, has guaranteed the normal growth of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, and per mu yield reaches 182kg; And contrast salt content in sowing time reaches more than 1%, and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers can not emerge and cause total crop failure.Through the present invention, the geavy salt alkali district of successfully never planting plant in history realizes oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers high yield, has increased farmers' income, has improved heavy saline land vegetation coverage, and the present invention has a extensive future.
Foregoing description only proposes as the enforceable technical scheme of the present invention, not as the single restrictive condition to its technical scheme itself.
Claims (7)
1. the strand weighs the method that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted in the saline land, and its characterization step comprises:
A, consolidation: before going into the winter, carry out; Build bar field or raised fields on the ground at coastal saline-alkali, make bar field or raised fields ground and phreatic distance be not less than 1m, build and highly be the retaining ridge of 30cm in the bar field or around the raised fields; Plowed soils applies effective content and is 12% superphosphate 100kg/ mu;
B, irrigation with saline water in winter freeze: when winter daily mean temperature stable when being lower than-5 ℃ the extracting saline groundwater irrigate, the irrigation water salt content below 15g/L, irrigation quantity 180mm;
C, plastic mulching: treat that salt water ice melts fully to infiltrate behind the soil early spring, in time utilize mulch film to cover, suppress the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring to reduce evaporation;
D, sowing: spring; Begin sowing when treating that 5cm place soil temperature is stable and reaching more than 13 ℃, adopt program request or mechanization mulch sowing on the film, seeding method is that width is capable or wait line-spacing to plant; Wide behavior 70cm during the capable sowing of width; Narrow row is 50cm, and waiting the line-spacing of line-spacing sowing is 60cm, and spacing in the rows is 28-30cm; The disposable effective content that applies is 34% coated urea 20kg/ mu during sowing, and herbicide spraying;
E, growing season management: oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers emerge back final singling in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, the 3700-4000 strain is counted in a mu strain; Weeds are wiped out and treated insect pests and plant diseases in timely manual work in vegetative period, spray insecticide, and pest control, and note water drainage, guarantee the normal growth of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers;
F, results: treat to gather when oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers grows up to.
2. the method that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted in heavy saline land, strand according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1.5m greater than 1m; Build the bar field, the bar field is wide 20 meters, length 500m; Ditch depth 1.5m, bottom width 1m, wide 3m suitable for reading.
3. the method that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted in heavy saline land, strand according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1m, build raised fields, the wide 10-15m of raised fields, raised fields ground identity distance underground water 1.5m.
4. the method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers according to the heavy saline land of claim 2 or 3 described strands; It is characterized in that: every reed handle of burying diameter 10cm at a distance from 10m underground on bar, raised fields; Buried depth 40cm, the draining reed than bar field or the long 1m of raised fields width, is buried length the two ends, back underground and is exposed in the drain ditch.
5. the method that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted in heavy saline land, strand according to claim 1 is characterized in that: among the step B, irrigate with little water earlier and freeze, treat the face of land form stablize ice sheet after, once irritate the sufficient 180mm water yield, the salt water ice sheet is stablized in formation after pouring water.
6. the method that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted in heavy saline land, strand according to claim 1 is characterized in that: among the step D, in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, 5cm place soil temperature is stable to be reached more than 13 ℃, begins sowing this moment.
7. the method that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is planted in heavy saline land, strand according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is the short major part of the U.S..
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Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102668847B (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2013-11-06 | 山东省农业可持续发展研究所 | Method for improving seedling emergence quality of planted sorgo in saline-alkali soil |
| CN103141292B (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2015-03-04 | 北京师范大学 | Double-cropping planting method for oil sunflowers in coast heavy saline soil |
| CN104429469B (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2016-08-24 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Suaeda salsa and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers ridge intercropping method under the conditions of a kind of heavy saline |
| CN105123256B (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-12-12 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | A kind of high carbon sequestration of beach saline land and the method for high-yield planting oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers |
| CN105532238B (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2018-05-15 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | A kind of method of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore plantation perennial root flowers |
| CN106358686A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for planting oil sunflowers in saline-alkali land |
| CN108605676A (en) * | 2016-12-24 | 2018-10-02 | 宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of water-saving oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers method of control salt plantation of saline-alkali wetland |
| CN108293778A (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2018-07-20 | 湖南省作物研究所 | A kind of dish sweet potato cultivation method for oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers interplanting |
| CN107593311A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-19 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | The method for planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers by improveing salt-soda soil |
| CN108848733B (en) * | 2018-07-12 | 2021-05-11 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Method for improving coastal heavy saline-alkali soil |
| CN109197349A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-15 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | A kind of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore raised fields method of forestation |
| CN111373992A (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-07-07 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Planting method of oil sunflower in saline-alkali soil |
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| CN101743842A (en) * | 2010-01-28 | 2010-06-23 | 北京师范大学 | Double-season sunflower planting method |
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