CN102322738B - Laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace - Google Patents
Laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN102322738B CN102322738B CN 201110163302 CN201110163302A CN102322738B CN 102322738 B CN102322738 B CN 102322738B CN 201110163302 CN201110163302 CN 201110163302 CN 201110163302 A CN201110163302 A CN 201110163302A CN 102322738 B CN102322738 B CN 102322738B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace which is characterized in that a heating plate is arranged in a furnace body between a sample backing plate and a silicon carbide rod heating element. A thermocouple is inserted into the heating plate. The heating element is arranged at the inner bottom of the furnace chamber of the heating furnace and is connected with a temperature controller outside the furnace body. The distance from one ends of two air inlet pipes to the upper surface of a sample is 3-5mm; and the other ends of the air inlet pipes are connected with an air source. A movable furnace cover is arranged at one side of the furnace body. A laser driving hole is arranged in the center of the furnace cover. The heating furnace can rapidly and uniformly preheat and melt a high-melting-point material, reduces the temperature difference between a formed material and the ambient environment in the laser rapid prototyping process of the material and the heat stress of the interior of the material and completely eliminates cracks, thereby obtaining the 100 percent compact Al2O3 base composite ceramic with smooth surfaces and without cracks. According to the heating furnace, inertia protective gas can be fed into the heating furnace from two paths during heating and melting, thereby eliminating air holes generated in the interior of a melt when the melt is rapidly solidified and increasing the compactness of the material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high performance material laser fast forming preparation field, specifically a kind of laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace of realizing high-melting-point, large thermal stress material.
Background technology
Oxide ceramics has high-melting-point, good elevated temperature strength, inoxidizability and corrosion resistivity, is suitable for working under high temperature oxidation stability atmosphere for a long time.Yet the main technology of preparing of oxide ceramic material is still powder sintering up to now.Because powder sintered stupalith is the polycrystalline tissue, usually can't obtain monocrystalline and form phase, all exist a large amount of weak linkage interfaces between ceramic particle, matrix and other composition phases (as wild phase or toughness reinforcing phase) and each composition phase, the porosity of the homogeneity of microstructure and stability and material all is difficult to control, cause the stupalith mechanical behavior under high temperature to fall sharply, limited greatly the application of stupalith under ultra-high temperature condition.Directional solidification technique can make the tissue of material arrange by specific direction, obtain orientation and mono-crystalline structures, thereby obviously improve mechanics and the physical property of material, be widely used in blade of aviation engine, laser crystal, infrared crystal and high temperature intermetallics.The spontaneous pottery of oxide eutectic is that directional solidification technique is applied to high-performance ceramic, the material of preparation has excellent elevated temperature strength, thermal stability, creep resistant characteristic and high-temperature oxidation resistance, is the long-term superhigh temperature structured material that uses under rugged surroundings more than 1650 ℃ that is expected to of development in recent years.Therefore, new directional solidification technique and the device of development and expand the direction that its application is the field development of present eutectic ceramic.
Yet the fusing point of oxide ceramics is mostly more than 1800 ℃, and present apparatus for directional solidification generally is difficult to realize superhigh temperature to obtain ceramic droplet, and crucible (Ir noble metal) cost is very high and be disposable use; In addition, the pottery thermal conductivity and Metal Phase lower, the thermograde of solidification equipment lower (＜100K/cm), be difficult to obtain high cooling velocity, easily cause organizing thick, performance degradation.Laser has very high energy density, can the very dystectic material of rapid melting, and when being used for directional solidification, temperature gradient of solid-liquid interface can reach 10
3～10
4The K/cm order of magnitude is far above 10 of routine techniques
1～10
2The K/cm order of magnitude.Laser Rapid Prototyping Technique is that a kind of high energy laser beam that utilizes carries out laser surface fusing and the Quench Rapid Directional Solidification that certainly quenches without the conduction of interface Rapid Thermal to metal or nonmetallic materials, not only can directly obtain to have outside the skin-material of rapid solidification tissue signature and specific physical chemistry and mechanical property, and can realize the high-performance parts with complex structures without mould, fast, complete fine and close near-net-shape, has smelting temperature high, thermograde is high, the freezing rate control accuracy is high, material and environmental suitability are extensive, the characteristics such as pollution-free, be subject to lot of domestic and foreign scholar's great attention.Naval of Soviet Union of Northwestern Polytechnical University's solidification technology National Key Laboratory for example, the people such as Zhang Jun adopt the laser zone remelting directional solidification technique to prepare Al
2O
3/ YAG eutectic composite ceramics, however due to not preheating, the shaping sample exists crackle and defective, only limits at present prepare the sample of reduced size.
compare with metal material, oxide ceramics has low-down thermal conductivity, the cooldown rate that the laser rapid solidification process is high causes material to produce large thermal stress usually in forming process, when particularly preparing the large volume shaping, interiors of products produces a large amount of crackles and even ftractures, simultaneously under high cooling velocity, material internal non-equilibrium phase and metastable phase volume fraction increase, pore forms simultaneously, cause under high temperature the unstable and mechanical property of material structure to fall sharply, had a strong impact on the application of Laser Rapid Prototyping Technique on stupalith, become the bottleneck problem that laser technology is used on nonmetallic materials.In addition, in the metal material laser repair process, part is cold instant heating under the high energy laser beam effect, equally easily cracks and defective, has restricted reparation and the manufacturing of high-precision part.
Nearest studies show that in the laser fusion sample carried out high temperature preheating to the sample lower surface, the thermal stress that will produce in the time of effectively eliminating the sample rapid solidification, thereby the generation of inhibition crackle and defective.Yet present common high temperature furnace is mainly for the preparation of the sintering of refractory material, and sintering is to carry out in the environment of sealing, can't introduce laser, is difficult to be combined with Laser Rapid Prototyping Technique.In addition, only need during Laser Processing the sample lower surface is carried out certain preheating, and the heater of present sintering furnace is the side at body of heater, that sample integral body is heated, be difficult to form certain thermograde, make organizing of material bigger than normal, affect the performance of material.
Summary of the invention
In present During Laser Rapid Forming, material internal easily cracks and pore or hard brittle material cracking in order to overcome, reduce material internal thermal stress and defective, improve quality and the usability of shaping sample, the present invention proposes a kind of laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace.
The present invention includes heater, thermopair, body of heater, laser instrument, gas meter, temperature controller, heating plate and 2 draft tube.Wherein, heating plate is positioned at body of heater, and is placed between the heater that sample backing plate and Elema make.In the middle of end face of heating plate, the thermocouple jack that distributes along this heating plate length direction is arranged; The aperture of described thermocouple jack is identical with the external diameter of thermopair.Thermopair inserts in heating plate.Heater is positioned at the heating stove furnace chamber inner bottom part, and an end of this heater passes the furnace wall temperature controller outer with being positioned at body of heater and is connected.One end of 2 draft tube passes the furnace wall from the both sides of body of heater respectively, insert in body of heater, the upper surface place of sample and and the upper surface of sample between the spacing of 3～5mm is arranged, the other end of 2 draft tube is connected with source of the gas by gas meter respectively.One side of body of heater has bell, and the width of this bell is wall thickness and the body of heater inner chamber width sum of this wing furnace wall of body of heater.There is laser to squeeze into the hole at the center of bell; Heating plate is rectangular slab, adopts the silit of recrystallization to make.Laser instrument is positioned at body of heater top, and to squeeze into the hole corresponding with the laser at bell center.
On the furnace wall of body of heater one end, view window is arranged, and this view window lower surface is higher than sample upper surface 2～3mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace is by relatively poor to toughness, the material that thermal stress is large carries out soak and processes (maximum temperature reaches 1300 ℃), effectively reduces the temperature difference of moulding material and surrounding environment and the thermal stress of material internal.When high energy laser irradiation during to the moulding material upper surface, lower surface is elevated to higher temperature simultaneously under the effect of heating furnace, the upper and lower surface temperature difference significantly reduces (stupalith), even near (metal material), thereby guarantee that base material can not swash the heat cracking, can guarantee again simultaneously that melt can be because of the living fracturing line of Quench artificial delivery and defective in cooling process, improved greatly the quality and performance of material forming, and made Laser Rapid Prototyping Technique prepare the large volume hard brittle material to become possibility.Adopt this heating furnace, can obtain smooth surface, flawless, the Al2O3 base composite ceramic of 100% densification.According to different materials, can by adjusting holding temperature, realize different cooldown rates and thermograde.Because crackle disappears and the thermal stress minimizing, melt growth is more stable.
The present invention can pass into inert protective gas in two road direction stoves when heating, make steam and air in stove to discharge fully, the inner pore that produces when eliminating the melt rapid solidification, the compactness of raising material.For easy oxidation and volatile material, this device can also prevent that in the material laser forming process, oxidation and composition change.
The present invention can the rapid melting materials with high melting point, realize high thermograde (＞3000K/cm), and can reduce the thermal stress in the material laser forming process and eliminate crackle fully.In addition, in heating and forming process, be filled with simultaneously high purity inert gas, make the air in body of heater overflow fully, eliminated the pore of moulding material inside, can obtain stable crystal growth.
Description of drawings
Structural representation when accompanying drawing 1 is apparatus of the present invention bell closure.
Accompanying drawing 2 is apparatus of the present invention bell structural representations when opening.
Accompanying drawing 3 is left views of apparatus of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 4 is vertical views of apparatus of the present invention.
1. heater 2. thermopair 3. heating plate 4. draft tube 5. body of heater 6. view windows
7. bell 8. laser hand-hole 9. sample 10. laser instrument 11. light beam 12. gas meters
13. temperature controller 14. body of heater power lead 15. circumscripted power line 16. air meter valve 17. sample backing plates
Embodiment
Embodiment one
The present embodiment is a kind of for heating Al
2O
3The laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace of the spontaneous complex sintered ceramic wafer of/YAG eutectic.Sample is of a size of 68mm * 15mm * 5mm.
The present embodiment comprises heating plate 3, draft tube 4, body of heater 5, view window 6, bell 7, laser hand-hole 8, sample 9, laser instrument 10, light beam 11, gas meter 12, temperature controller 13, body of heater power lead 14, circumscripted power line 15, air meter valve 16 and the sample backing plate 17 of heater 1, thermopair 2, silit recrystallization.Wherein, body of heater 5 is the rectangle housing.Heating plate 3 is positioned at body of heater 5, and is placed between sample backing plate 17 and the heater 1 with the Elema making.Have the through hole of a diameter 7mm on the housing of body of heater one end, be used for installing thermopair; The center of described thermopair through hole and heating plate thickness be centered close to same level, and thermopair is corresponding with the end face of heating plate 3.Thermopair 2 one ends insert from this through hole in the heating plate 3 of silit recrystallization, and the other end is connected by body of heater power lead 14 temperature controller 13 outer with being positioned at body of heater.The heater 1 of Elema is positioned at the heating stove furnace chamber inner bottom part, and an end of this heater 1 passes the furnace wall temperature controller 13 outer with being positioned at body of heater and is connected.2 circumscripted power lines 15 are connected with the positive and negative port of temperature controller 13 respectively.Laser instrument 10 is positioned at body of heater 5 tops, and to squeeze into hole 8 corresponding with the laser at bell 7 centers.
One end of 2 draft tube 4 symmetrical both sides from body of heater 5 length directions respectively passes furnace body wall, insert in body of heater 5, the upper surface place of sample 9 and and the upper surface of sample 9 between the spacing of 3mm is arranged; The other end of 2 draft tube 4 is connected with source of the gas by gas meter 12 respectively.
Have a rectangle view window 6 that connects body of heater 5 on the sidewall of body of heater 5 one ends, and the lower surface of this view window 6 is higher than sample 9 upper surface 3mm places.Body of heater top one side is equipped with movable bell 7, and this bell 7 can be along the free push-and-pull of body of heater length direction; The width of described bell 7 is body of heater 5 side thickness and body of heater inner chamber sum; Have a rectangle laser that is of a size of 75mm * 20mm * 10mm in the center of bell 7 and squeeze into hole 8.
During use, first 7 pull open bell by shaking hands, sample 9 is placed on sample backing plate 17, then close bell, and cover laser hand-hole 8 with insulation material.Open air meter valve 16, pass into blanket gas N2 by air shooter the air exhausting in body of heater is removed; Gas flow rate is regulated by gas meter 12.Regulate temperature controller 13 and set heating power and heating-up temperature, make its heating by heater being passed into electric current, heating plate 3 at its upper surface is heated and while radiation heating sample 9, when heating plate 3 is heated to design temperature, automatically regulate heating current by temperature-controlling system 13, the insulation of realization to heating plate and sample, the insulation certain hour makes sample 9 temperature consistent with heating plate 3 temperature.Then begin to squeeze into hole 8 from laser and pass into laser beam 11, the power of setting laser, sweep velocity and spot diameter carry out the molten directional solidification of scanning fusing and district of horizontal direction to sample.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment is a kind of be used to heating high-purity Al
2O
3-Y
2O
3The laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace of eutectic composition superfines.The powder particle diameter is 1～2 μ m, and the paving powder is of a size of 45mm * 20mm * 2mm.
The present embodiment comprises heating plate 3, draft tube 4, body of heater 5, view window 6, bell 7, laser hand-hole 8, powdered sample 9, laser instrument 10, light beam 11, gas meter 12, temperature controller 13, body of heater power lead 14, circumscripted power line 15, air meter valve 16 and the sample backing plate 17 of heater 1, thermopair 2, silit recrystallization.Wherein, body of heater 5 is the rectangle housing.Heating plate 3 is positioned at body of heater 5, and is placed between sample backing plate 17 and the heater 1 with the Elema making.Have the through hole of a diameter 7mm on the housing of body of heater one end, be used for installing thermopair; The center of described thermopair through hole and heating plate thickness be centered close to same level, and thermopair is corresponding with the end face of heating plate 3.Thermopair 2 one ends insert from this through hole in the heating plate 3 of silit recrystallization, and the other end is connected by body of heater power lead 14 temperature controller 13 outer with being positioned at body of heater.The heater 1 of Elema is positioned at the heating stove furnace chamber inner bottom part, and an end of this heater 1 passes the furnace wall temperature controller 13 outer with being positioned at body of heater and is connected.2 circumscripted power lines 15 are connected with the positive and negative port of temperature controller 13 respectively.Laser instrument 10 is positioned at body of heater 5 tops, and to squeeze into hole 8 corresponding with the laser at bell 7 centers.
One end of 2 draft tube 4 symmetrical both sides from body of heater 5 length directions respectively passes furnace body wall, insert in body of heater 5, the upper surface place of powdered sample 9 and and the upper surface of sample 9 between the spacing of 5mm is arranged; The other end of 2 draft tube 4 is connected with source of the gas by gas meter 12 respectively.
Have a rectangle view window 6 that connects body of heater 5 on the sidewall of body of heater 5 one ends, and the lower surface of this view window 6 is higher than powdered sample 9 upper surface 2mm places.Body of heater top one side is equipped with movable bell 7, and this bell 7 can be along the free push-and-pull of body of heater length direction; The width of described bell 7 is body of heater 5 side thickness and body of heater inner chamber sum; Have a rectangle laser that is of a size of 50mm * 35mm * 10mm in the center of bell 7 and squeeze into hole 8.
During use, first 7 pull open bell by shaking hands, eutectic powder sample 9 is placed on sample backing plate 17, then close bell, and cover laser hand-hole 8 with insulation material.Open air meter valve 16, pass into blanket gas N2 by air shooter the air exhausting in body of heater is removed; Gas flow rate is regulated by gas meter 12.Regulate temperature controller 13 and set heating power and heating-up temperature, make its heating by heater being passed into electric current, heating plate 3 at its upper surface is heated and while radiation heating sample 9, when heating plate 3 is heated to design temperature, automatically regulate heating current by temperature-controlling system 13, the insulation of realization to heating plate and sample, the insulation certain hour makes sample 9 temperature consistent with heating plate 3 temperature.Then begin to squeeze into hole 8 from laser and pass into laser beam 11, the power of setting laser, sweep velocity, spot diameter, the scanning that paving powder thickness and width carry out horizontal direction to powder is melted and is carried out laser cladding forming.
Embodiment three
The present embodiment is a kind ofly to contain the nickel base superalloy blade material of fatigue crack and the laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace of repairing for heating.Specimen size is 80mm * 30mm * 25mm.
The present embodiment comprises heating plate 3, draft tube 4, body of heater 5, view window 6, bell 7, laser hand-hole 8, sample 9, laser instrument 10, light beam 11, gas meter 12, temperature controller 13, body of heater power lead 14, circumscripted power line 15, air meter valve 16 and the sample backing plate 17 of heater 1, thermopair 2, silit recrystallization.Wherein, body of heater 5 is the rectangle housing.Heating plate 3 is positioned at body of heater 5, and is placed between sample backing plate 17 and the heater 1 with the Elema making.Have the through hole of a diameter 7mm on the housing of body of heater one end, be used for installing thermopair; The center of described thermopair through hole and heating plate thickness be centered close to same level, and thermopair is corresponding with the end face of heating plate 3.Thermopair 2 one ends insert from this through hole in the heating plate 3 of silit recrystallization, and the other end is connected by body of heater power lead 14 temperature controller 13 outer with being positioned at body of heater.The heater 1 of Elema is positioned at the heating stove furnace chamber inner bottom part, and an end of this heater 1 passes the furnace wall temperature controller 13 outer with being positioned at body of heater and is connected.2 circumscripted power lines 15 are connected with the positive and negative port of temperature controller 13 respectively.Laser instrument 10 is positioned at body of heater 5 tops, and to squeeze into hole 8 corresponding with the laser at bell 7 centers.
One end of 2 draft tube 4 symmetrical both sides from body of heater 5 length directions respectively passes furnace body wall, insert in body of heater 5, the upper surface place of sample 9 and and the upper surface of sample 9 between the spacing of 4mm is arranged; The other end of 2 draft tube 4 is connected with source of the gas by gas meter 12 respectively.
Have a rectangle view window 6 that connects body of heater 5 on the sidewall of body of heater 5 one ends, and the lower surface of this view window 6 is higher than powdered sample 9 upper surface 2.5mm places.Body of heater top one side is equipped with movable bell 7, and this bell 7 can be along the free push-and-pull of body of heater length direction; The width of described bell 7 is body of heater 5 side thickness and body of heater inner chamber sum; Have a rectangle laser that is of a size of 100mm * 40mm * 20mm in the center of bell 7 and squeeze into hole 8.
During use, first 7 pull open bell by shaking hands, sample 9 is placed on sample backing plate 17, then close bell, and cover laser hand-hole 8 with insulation material.Open air meter valve 16, pass into blanket gas N2 by air shooter the air exhausting in body of heater is removed; Gas flow rate is regulated by gas meter 12.Regulate temperature controller 13 and set heating power and heating-up temperature, make its heating by heater being passed into electric current, heating plate 3 at its upper surface is heated and while radiation heating sample 9, when heating plate 3 is heated to design temperature, automatically regulate heating current by temperature-controlling system 13, the insulation of realization to heating plate and sample, the insulation certain hour makes sample 9 temperature consistent with heating plate 3 temperature.Then begin to squeeze into hole 8 from laser and pass into laser beam 11, and the power of setting laser, sweep velocity, spot diameter alloy blade material has the part of crackle to carry out laser repairing.
Claims (2)
1. a laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace, comprise heater (1), thermopair (2), body of heater (5), laser instrument (10), gas meter (12) and temperature controller (13); It is characterized in that, also comprise heating plate (3) and 2 draft tube (4); Wherein, heating plate (3) is positioned at body of heater (5), and is placed between the heater (1) that sample backing plate (17) and Elema make; In the middle of (3) end faces of heating plate, the thermocouple jack that distributes along this heating plate (3) length direction is arranged; The aperture of described thermocouple jack is identical with the external diameter of thermopair (2); Thermopair (2) inserts in heating plate (3); Heater (1) is positioned at the heating stove furnace chamber inner bottom part, and an end of this heater (1) passes the furnace wall temperature controller (13) outer with being positioned at body of heater and is connected; One end of 2 draft tube (4) passes the furnace wall from the both sides of body of heater (5) respectively, insert in body of heater (5), be positioned at sample (9) the upper surface place and and the upper surface of sample (9) between the spacing of 3～5mm is arranged, the other end of 2 draft tube (4) is connected with source of the gas by gas meter (12) respectively; One side of body of heater (5) has bell (7), and the width of this bell (7) is body of heater wall thickness and the body of heater inner chamber width sum of this bell place one side; There is laser to squeeze into hole (8) at the center of bell (7); Heating plate (3) is rectangular slab, adopts the silit of recrystallization to make; Laser instrument (10) is positioned at body of heater (5) top, and to squeeze into hole (8) corresponding with the laser at bell (7) center.
2. a kind of laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that view window (6) is arranged on the furnace wall of body of heater (5) one ends, and this view window (6) lower surface is higher than sample (9) upper surface 2～3mm.
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| CN 201110163302 CN102322738B (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2011-06-16 | Laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace |
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| CN 201110163302 CN102322738B (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2011-06-16 | Laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace |
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| CN102322738B true CN102322738B (en) | 2013-06-26 |
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| CN103234804B (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-06-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-power non-contact type rapid laser heating device |
| CN103406417B (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2015-06-10 | 江苏大学 | Micro plastic forming device and forming method under high strain rate |
| CN103990798B (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2015-10-21 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of high-temperature powder bed system manufactured for laser gain material |
| CN105385833B (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2017-09-12 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | A kind of engine valve retainer is modified heat treatment pre-heating device |
| CN108562607B (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2023-06-20 | 上海市计量测试技术研究院 | Self-ignition tube furnace |
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| CN1926396A (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2007-03-07 | 飞机梦技术株式会社 | Falling type electrostatic suspending furnace |
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| CN202133271U (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2012-02-01 | 西北工业大学 | Surface atmosphere heating furnace for laser quick formation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02263090A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1990-10-25 | Kunimitsu Hirai | Calorific apparatus |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1926396A (en) * | 2004-03-31 | 2007-03-07 | 飞机梦技术株式会社 | Falling type electrostatic suspending furnace |
| CN201266185Y (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2009-07-01 | 燕山大学 | Translucent rotary heating stove for testing optical material temperature effect |
| CN202133271U (en) * | 2011-06-16 | 2012-02-01 | 西北工业大学 | Surface atmosphere heating furnace for laser quick formation |
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