CN102322738A - Laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace - Google Patents
Laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN102322738A CN102322738A CN201110163302A CN201110163302A CN102322738A CN 102322738 A CN102322738 A CN 102322738A CN 201110163302 A CN201110163302 A CN 201110163302A CN 201110163302 A CN201110163302 A CN 201110163302A CN 102322738 A CN102322738 A CN 102322738A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace which is characterized in that a heating plate is arranged in a furnace body between a sample backing plate and a silicon carbide rod heating element. A thermocouple is inserted into the heating plate. The heating element is arranged at the inner bottom of the furnace chamber of the heating furnace and is connected with a temperature controller outside the furnace body. The distance from one ends of two air inlet pipes to the upper surface of a sample is 3-5mm; and the other ends of the air inlet pipes are connected with an air source. A movable furnace cover is arranged at one side of the furnace body. A laser driving hole is arranged in the center of the furnace cover. The heating furnace can rapidly and uniformly preheat and melt a high-melting-point material, reduces the temperature difference between a formed material and the ambient environment in the laser rapid prototyping process of the material and the heat stress of the interior of the material and completely eliminates cracks, thereby obtaining the 100 percent compact Al2O3 base composite ceramic with smooth surfaces and without cracks. According to the heating furnace, inertia protective gas can be fed into the heating furnace from two paths during heating and melting, thereby eliminating air holes generated in the interior of a melt when the melt is rapidly solidified and increasing the compactness of the material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high performance material laser fast forming preparation field, specifically is a kind of laser fast forming surface atmosphere heating furnace of realizing high-melting-point, big thermal stress material.
Background technology
Oxide ceramics has high-melting-point, good high-temperature intensity, non-oxidizability and corrosion resistance, is suitable under high temperature oxidation stability atmosphere, working for a long time.Yet the main technology of preparing of oxide ceramic material is still powder sintering up to now.Because powder sintered ceramic material is the polycrystalline tissue; Usually can't obtain monocrystalline and form phase; Ceramic particle, matrix and other composition phases (like wild phase or toughness reinforcing phase) and each all exist a large amount of weak linkage interfaces between forming mutually; The porosity of microstructure uniformity and stability and material all is difficult to control, causes the ceramic material mechanical behavior under high temperature to fall sharply, and has limited the application of ceramic material under ultra-high temperature condition greatly.Directional solidification technique can make the tissue of material arrange by specific direction; Obtain orientation and mono-crystalline structures; Thereby obviously improve the mechanics and the physical property of material, be widely used in compound between blade of aviation engine, laser crystal, infrared crystal and high-temperature metal.The spontaneous pottery of oxide eutectic is that directional solidification technique is applied to high-performance ceramic; The material of preparation has excellent elevated temperature strength, heat endurance, creep resistant characteristic and high-temperature oxidation resistance, is the long-term superhigh temperature structural material that uses under adverse circumstances more than 1650 ℃ that is expected to of development in recent years.Therefore, new directional solidification technique and the device of development and to expand its application be the direction that present eutectic ceramic field is developed.
Yet the fusing point of oxide ceramics is mostly more than 1800 ℃, and present apparatus for directional solidification generally is difficult to realize superhigh temperature to obtain ceramic melt, and crucible (Ir noble metal) cost is very high and be disposable use; In addition, the thermal conductivity and the compared with metal of pottery are lower, the thermograde of solidification equipment lower (＜100K/cm), be difficult to obtain high cooling velocity, be prone to cause organizing thick, performance degradation.Laser has very high energy density, can melt very dystectic material fast, and temperature gradient of solid-liquid interface can reach 10 when being used for directional solidification
3～10
4The K/cm order of magnitude is far above 10 of routine techniques
1～10
2The K/cm order of magnitude.The laser fast forming technology is a kind ofly to utilize high energy laser beam that metal or nonmetallic materials are carried out oneself the Quench slewing of quenching of laser surface fusing and the conduction of no interface Rapid Thermal to solidify; Not only can directly obtain to have outside the skin-material of rapid solidification tissue signature and specific physical chemistry and mechanical property; And can realize the no mould of high-performance labyrinth part, quick, complete fine and close near-net-shape; Characteristics such as have that smelting temperature height, thermograde are high, the freezing rate control accuracy is high, material and environmental suitability are extensive, pollution-free have received lot of domestic and foreign scholar's great attention.Naval of Northwestern Polytechnical University's solidification technology National Key Laboratory Soviet Union for example, people such as Zhang Jun adopt the molten directional solidification technique of laser zone to prepare Al
2O
3/ YAG eutectic composite ceramics, yet because not preheating, the shaping sample exists crackle and defective, only limits to prepare the sample of reduced size at present.
Compare with metal material, oxide ceramics has low-down thermal conductivity, and the cooldown rate that the laser rapid solidification is high causes material in forming process, to produce big thermal stress usually; When particularly preparing big bulk forming; A large amount of crackle even the crackings of the inner generation of product, under high cooling velocity, material internal non-equilibrium phase and metastable phase volume fraction increase simultaneously; Pore forms simultaneously; Cause under the high temperature the unstable and mechanical property of material structure to fall sharply, had a strong impact on the application of laser fast forming technology on ceramic material, become the bottleneck problem that laser technology is used on nonmetallic materials.In addition, in the metal material laser repair process, part is cold instant heating under the high energy laser beam effect, is easy to generate crackle and defective equally, has restricted the reparation and the manufacturing of high-precision part.
When nearest research is illustrated in the laser fusion sample sample lower surface is carried out high temperature preheating, the thermal stress that will produce in the time of effectively eliminating the sample rapid solidification, thus suppress crackle and generation of defects.Yet at present common high temperature furnace mainly is the sintering preparation that is used for refractory material, and sintering is in the environment of sealing, to carry out, and can't introduce laser, is difficult to be used in combination with the laser fast forming technology.In addition, only need carry out certain preheating during Laser Processing, and the heater of present sintering furnace is the side at body of heater to the sample lower surface; Be that sample integral body is heated; Be difficult to form certain thermograde, make that organizing of material is bigger than normal, influence the performance of material.
Summary of the invention
Material internal is prone to crack and pore or fragile material cracking in the present laser fast forming process in order to overcome; Reduce material internal thermal stress and defective; Improve the quality and the serviceability of shaping sample, the present invention proposes a kind of laser fast forming surface atmosphere heating furnace.
The present invention includes heater, thermocouple, body of heater, laser instrument, gas flowmeter, temperature controller, heating plate and 2 air inlet pipe.Wherein, heating plate is positioned at body of heater, and places between sample backing plate and the Elema heater.In the middle of end face of heating plate, the thermocouple jack that distributes along this heating plate length direction is arranged; The aperture of described thermocouple jack is identical with the external diameter of thermocouple.Thermocouple inserts in the heating plate.Heater is positioned at the heating stove furnace chamber inner bottom part, and an end of this heater passes the furnace wall temperature controller outer with being positioned at body of heater and is connected.One end of 2 air inlet pipe passes furnace body wall from the both sides of body of heater respectively, insert in the body of heater, the upper surface place of sample and and the upper surface of sample between the spacing of 3～5mm is arranged, the other end of 2 air inlet pipe is connected with source of the gas through gas flowmeter respectively.One side of body of heater has bell, and the width of this bell is this side thickness of body of heater and body of heater inner chamber sum.There is laser to squeeze into the hole at the center of bell; Heating plate is a rectangular slab, adopts the carborundum of crystallization again to make.Laser instrument is positioned at body of heater top, and to squeeze into the hole corresponding with the laser at bell center.
On the furnace wall of body of heater one end, observation window is arranged, and this observation window lower surface is higher than sample upper surface 2～3mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: laser fast forming surface atmosphere heating furnace is through relatively poor to toughness; The material that thermal stress is big carries out soak and handles (maximum temperature reaches 1300 ℃), effectively reduces the temperature difference of moulding material and surrounding environment and the thermal stress of material internal.When high energy laser irradiation during to the moulding material upper surface; Lower surface is elevated to higher temperature simultaneously under the effect of heating furnace, the upper and lower surfaces temperature difference significantly reduces (ceramic material), even near (metal material); Thereby guarantee that base material can not swash the heat cracking; Can guarantee again simultaneously that melt can not cause crackle and defective because of Quench artificial delivery life in the process of cooling, improve the quality and the performance of material forming greatly, and make the big volume fragile material of laser fast forming technology preparation become possibility.Adopt this heating furnace, can obtain smooth surface, flawless, the Al of 100% densification
2O
3Base composite ceramic.According to different materials, can realize different cooldown rate and thermograde through the adjustment holding temperature.Because crackle disappears and thermal stress reduces, melt growth is more stable.
The present invention can feed inert protective gas in two road direction stoves when heating, make that steam and the air in the stove can be discharged fully, the inner pore that produces when eliminating the melt rapid solidification, the compactness of raising material.For easy oxidation and volatile material, this device can also prevent that oxidation and composition change in the material laser forming process.
The present invention can be melted materials with high melting point fast, realize high thermograde (＞3000K/cm), and can reduce the thermal stress in the material laser forming process and eliminate crackle fully.In addition, in heating and forming process, charge into high purity inert gas simultaneously, make that the air in the body of heater is overflowed fully, eliminated the inner pore of moulding material, can obtain stable crystal growth.
Description of drawings
Structural representation when accompanying drawing 1 is apparatus of the present invention bell closure.
Accompanying drawing 2 is apparatus of the present invention bell structural representations when opening.
Accompanying drawing 3 is left views of apparatus of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 4 is vertical views of apparatus of the present invention.
1. heater 2. thermocouples 3. heating plates 4. air inlet pipe 5. bodies of heater 6. observation windows
7. bell 8. laser hand-holes 9. samples 10. laser instruments 11. light beams 12. gas flowmeters
13. temperature controller 14. body of heater power lines 15. circumscripted power lines 16. airometer valves 17. sample backing plates
The specific embodiment
Embodiment one
Present embodiment is a kind of Al that is used to heat
2O
3The laser fast forming surface atmosphere heating furnace of the spontaneous complex sintered ceramic wafer of/YAG eutectic.Sample is of a size of 68mm * 15mm * 5mm.
Present embodiment comprises heater 1, thermocouple 2, carborundum heating plate 3, air inlet pipe 4, body of heater 5, observation window 6, bell 7, laser hand-hole 8, sample 9, laser instrument 10, light beam 11, gas flowmeter 12, temperature controller 13, body of heater power line 14, circumscripted power line 15, airometer valve 16 and the sample backing plate 17 of crystallization again.Wherein, body of heater 5 is the rectangle housing.Heating plate 3 is positioned at body of heater 5, and places between sample backing plate 17 and the heater 1 with the Elema making.On the housing of body of heater one end, have the through hole of a diameter 7mm, be used to install thermocouple; The center of said thermocouple through hole and heating plate thickness be centered close to same horizontal plane, and thermocouple is corresponding with the end face of heating plate 3.Thermocouple 2 one ends insert carborundum again in the heating plate 3 of crystallization from this through hole, the other end through body of heater power line 14 be positioned at body of heater temperature controller 13 outward and be connected.The heater 1 of Elema is positioned at the heating stove furnace chamber inner bottom part, and an end of this heater 1 passes the furnace wall temperature controller 13 outer with being positioned at body of heater and is connected.2 circumscripted power lines 15 are connected with the positive and negative port of temperature controller 13 respectively.Laser instrument 10 is positioned at body of heater 5 tops, and to squeeze into hole 8 corresponding with the laser at bell 7 centers.
One end of 2 air inlet pipe 4 both sides from body of heater 5 length directions of symmetry respectively passes furnace body wall, insert in the body of heater 5, the upper surface place of sample 9 and and the upper surface of sample 9 between the spacing of 3mm is arranged; The other end of 2 air inlet pipe 4 is connected with source of the gas through gas flowmeter 12 respectively.
On the sidewall of body of heater 5 one ends, have the rectangle observation window 6 of a perforation body of heater 5, and the lower surface of this observation window 6 is higher than sample 9 upper surface 3mm places.Body of heater top one side is equipped with movable bell 7, and this bell 7 can be along the free push-and-pull of body of heater length direction; The width of said bell 7 is body of heater 5 side thickness and body of heater inner chamber sum; Have in the center of bell 7 one be of a size of 75mm * 20mm * 10mm rectangle laser squeeze into hole 8.
During use, earlier 7 draw back bell, sample 9 is placed on the sample backing plate 17, close bell then, and cover laser hand-hole 8 with insulation material through shaking hands.Open airometer valve 16, feed protective gas N through air shooter
2Air in the body of heater is got rid of; Gas flow rate is regulated through gas flowmeter 12.Regulate temperature controller 13 and set heating power and heating-up temperature; Make its heating through heater being fed electric current, the heating plate 3 at its upper surface is heated and while radiation heating sample 9, when heating plate 3 is heated to design temperature; Automatically regulate heating current by temperature-controlling system 13; Realization is to the insulation of heating plate and sample, and the insulation certain hour makes sample 9 temperature consistent with heating plate 3 temperature.Begin to squeeze into hole 8 from laser then and feed laser beam 11, the power of setting laser, sweep speed and spot diameter carry out the molten directional solidification of scanning fusing and district of horizontal direction to sample.
Embodiment two
Present embodiment is a kind of high-purity Al that is used to heat
2O
3-Y
2O
3The laser fast forming surface atmosphere heating furnace of eutectic composition superfines.The powder particle diameter is 1～2 μ m, and the shop powder is of a size of 45mm * 20mm * 2mm.
Present embodiment comprises heater 1, thermocouple 2, carborundum heating plate 3, air inlet pipe 4, body of heater 5, observation window 6, bell 7, laser hand-hole 8, powdered sample 9, laser instrument 10, light beam 11, gas flowmeter 12, temperature controller 13, body of heater power line 14, circumscripted power line 15, airometer valve 16 and the sample backing plate 17 of crystallization again.Wherein, body of heater 5 is the rectangle housing.Heating plate 3 is positioned at body of heater 5, and places between sample backing plate 17 and the heater 1 with the Elema making.On the housing of body of heater one end, have the through hole of a diameter 7mm, be used to install thermocouple; The center of said thermocouple through hole and heating plate thickness be centered close to same horizontal plane, and thermocouple is corresponding with the end face of heating plate 3.Thermocouple 2 one ends insert carborundum again in the heating plate 3 of crystallization from this through hole, the other end through body of heater power line 14 be positioned at body of heater temperature controller 13 outward and be connected.The heater 1 of Elema is positioned at the heating stove furnace chamber inner bottom part, and an end of this heater 1 passes the furnace wall temperature controller 13 outer with being positioned at body of heater and is connected.2 circumscripted power lines 15 are connected with the positive and negative port of temperature controller 13 respectively.Laser instrument 10 is positioned at body of heater 5 tops, and to squeeze into hole 8 corresponding with the laser at bell 7 centers.
One end of 2 air inlet pipe 4 both sides from body of heater 5 length directions of symmetry respectively passes furnace body wall, insert in the body of heater 5, the upper surface place of powdered sample 9 and and the upper surface of sample 9 between the spacing of 5mm is arranged; The other end of 2 air inlet pipe 4 is connected with source of the gas through gas flowmeter 12 respectively.
On the sidewall of body of heater 5 one ends, have the rectangle observation window 6 of a perforation body of heater 5, and the lower surface of this observation window 6 is higher than powdered sample 9 upper surface 2mm places.Body of heater top one side is equipped with movable bell 7, and this bell 7 can be along the free push-and-pull of body of heater length direction; The width of said bell 7 is body of heater 5 side thickness and body of heater inner chamber sum; Have in the center of bell 7 one be of a size of 50mm * 35mm * 10mm rectangle laser squeeze into hole 8.
During use, earlier 7 draw back bell, eutectic powder sample 9 is placed on the sample backing plate 17, close bell then, and cover laser hand-hole 8 with insulation material through shaking hands.Open airometer valve 16, feed protective gas N through air shooter
2Air in the body of heater is got rid of; Gas flow rate is regulated through gas flowmeter 12.Regulate temperature controller 13 and set heating power and heating-up temperature; Make its heating through heater being fed electric current, the heating plate 3 at its upper surface is heated and while radiation heating sample 9, when heating plate 3 is heated to design temperature; Automatically regulate heating current by temperature-controlling system 13; Realization is to the insulation of heating plate and sample, and the insulation certain hour makes sample 9 temperature consistent with heating plate 3 temperature.Begin to squeeze into hole 8 then and feed laser beam 11 from laser, the power of setting laser, sweep speed, spot diameter, shop powder thickness and width carry out the scanning fusing of horizontal direction and carry out laser cladding forming powder.
Embodiment three
Present embodiment is a kind of laser fast forming surface atmosphere heating furnace that is used to heat the nickel base superalloy blade material that contains fatigue crack and repairs.Specimen size is 80mm * 30mm * 25mm.
Present embodiment comprises heater 1, thermocouple 2, carborundum heating plate 3, air inlet pipe 4, body of heater 5, observation window 6, bell 7, laser hand-hole 8, sample 9, laser instrument 10, light beam 11, gas flowmeter 12, temperature controller 13, body of heater power line 14, circumscripted power line 15, airometer valve 16 and the sample backing plate 17 of crystallization again.Wherein, body of heater 5 is the rectangle housing.Heating plate 3 is positioned at body of heater 5, and places between sample backing plate 17 and the heater 1 with the Elema making.On the housing of body of heater one end, have the through hole of a diameter 7mm, be used to install thermocouple; The center of said thermocouple through hole and heating plate thickness be centered close to same horizontal plane, and thermocouple is corresponding with the end face of heating plate 3.Thermocouple 2 one ends insert carborundum again in the heating plate 3 of crystallization from this through hole, the other end through body of heater power line 14 be positioned at body of heater temperature controller 13 outward and be connected.The heater 1 of Elema is positioned at the heating stove furnace chamber inner bottom part, and an end of this heater 1 passes the furnace wall temperature controller 13 outer with being positioned at body of heater and is connected.2 circumscripted power lines 15 are connected with the positive and negative port of temperature controller 13 respectively.Laser instrument 10 is positioned at body of heater 5 tops, and to squeeze into hole 8 corresponding with the laser at bell 7 centers.
One end of 2 air inlet pipe 4 both sides from body of heater 5 length directions of symmetry respectively passes furnace body wall, insert in the body of heater 5, the upper surface place of sample 9 and and the upper surface of sample 9 between the spacing of 4mm is arranged; The other end of 2 air inlet pipe 4 is connected with source of the gas through gas flowmeter 12 respectively.
On the sidewall of body of heater 5 one ends, have the rectangle observation window 6 of a perforation body of heater 5, and the lower surface of this observation window 6 is higher than powdered sample 9 upper surface 2.5mm places.Body of heater top one side is equipped with movable bell 7, and this bell 7 can be along the free push-and-pull of body of heater length direction; The width of said bell 7 is body of heater 5 side thickness and body of heater inner chamber sum; Have in the center of bell 7 one be of a size of 100mm * 40mm * 20mm rectangle laser squeeze into hole 8.
During use, earlier 7 draw back bell, sample 9 is placed on the sample backing plate 17, close bell then, and cover laser hand-hole 8 with insulation material through shaking hands.Open airometer valve 16, feed protective gas N through air shooter
2Air in the body of heater is got rid of; Gas flow rate is regulated through gas flowmeter 12.Regulate temperature controller 13 and set heating power and heating-up temperature; Make its heating through heater being fed electric current, the heating plate 3 at its upper surface is heated and while radiation heating sample 9, when heating plate 3 is heated to design temperature; Automatically regulate heating current by temperature-controlling system 13; Realization is to the insulation of heating plate and sample, and the insulation certain hour makes sample 9 temperature consistent with heating plate 3 temperature.Begin to squeeze into hole 8 then and feed laser beam 11 from laser, and the power of setting laser, sweep speed, the involutory gold leaf sheet material of spot diameter has the part of crackle to carry out laser repairing.
Claims (2)
1. a laser fast forming surface atmosphere heating furnace comprises heater (1), thermocouple (2), body of heater (5), laser instrument (10), gas flowmeter (12) and temperature controller (13); It is characterized in that, also comprise heating plate (3) and 2 air inlet pipe (4); Wherein, heating plate (3) is positioned at body of heater (5), and places between sample backing plate (17) and the Elema heater (1); In the middle of (3) end faces of heating plate, the thermocouple jack that distributes along this heating plate (3) length direction is arranged; The aperture of described thermocouple jack is identical with the external diameter of thermocouple (2); Thermocouple (2) inserts in the heating plate (3); Heater (1) is positioned at the heating stove furnace chamber inner bottom part, and an end of this heater (1) passes the furnace wall temperature controller (13) outer with being positioned at body of heater and is connected; One end of 2 air inlet pipe (4) passes furnace body wall from the both sides of body of heater (5) respectively; Insert in the body of heater (5); Be positioned at sample (9) the upper surface place and and the upper surface of sample (9) between the spacing of 3～5mm is arranged, the other end of 2 air inlet pipe (4) is connected with source of the gas through gas flowmeter (12) respectively; One side of body of heater (5) has bell (7), and the width of this bell (7) is this side thickness of body of heater (5) and body of heater inner chamber sum; There is laser to squeeze into hole (8) at the center of bell (7); Heating plate (3) is a rectangular slab, adopts the carborundum of crystallization again to make; Laser instrument (10) is positioned at body of heater (5) top, and to squeeze into hole (8) corresponding with the laser at bell (7) center.
2. a kind of according to claim 1 laser fast forming surface atmosphere heating furnace is characterized in that, observation window (6) is arranged on the furnace wall of body of heater (5) one ends, and this observation window (6) lower surface is higher than sample (9) upper surface 2～3mm.
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| CN 201110163302 CN102322738B (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2011-06-16 | Laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace |
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| CN 201110163302 CN102322738B (en) | 2011-06-16 | 2011-06-16 | Laser rapid prototyping surface atmosphere heating furnace |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103234804A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-08-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-power non-contact type rapid laser heating device |
| CN103406417A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2013-11-27 | 江苏大学 | Micro plastic forming device and forming method under high strain rate |
| CN103990798A (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2014-08-20 | 华中科技大学 | High-temperature powder bed system for laser additive manufacture |
| CN105385833A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-03-09 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | Modifying, thermal-treatment and preheating device for valve seat ring of engine |
| CN108562607A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-09-21 | 上海市计量测试技术研究院 | A kind of self-ignition point tube furnace |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103234804A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-08-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-power non-contact type rapid laser heating device |
| CN103234804B (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2014-06-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | High-power non-contact type rapid laser heating device |
| CN103406417A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2013-11-27 | 江苏大学 | Micro plastic forming device and forming method under high strain rate |
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| CN108562607A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-09-21 | 上海市计量测试技术研究院 | A kind of self-ignition point tube furnace |
| CN108562607B (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2023-06-20 | 上海市计量测试技术研究院 | Self-ignition tube furnace |
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