CN102317593A - 内燃发动机 - Google Patents

内燃发动机 Download PDF

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CN102317593A
CN102317593A CN2010800073040A CN201080007304A CN102317593A CN 102317593 A CN102317593 A CN 102317593A CN 2010800073040 A CN2010800073040 A CN 2010800073040A CN 201080007304 A CN201080007304 A CN 201080007304A CN 102317593 A CN102317593 A CN 102317593A
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air
explosive motor
air inlet
compressor
exhaust
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T·哈恩
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BorgWarner Inc
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BorgWarner Inc
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Priority to CN201610029504.5A priority Critical patent/CN105649836B/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/1015—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by the engine type
    • F02M35/10157—Supercharged engines
    • F02M35/10163—Supercharged engines having air intakes specially adapted to selectively deliver naturally aspirated fluid or supercharged fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/013—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust-driven pumps arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/0481—Intake air cooling by means others than heat exchangers, e.g. by rotating drum regenerators, cooling by expansion or by electrical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/44—Passages conducting the charge from the pump to the engine inlet, e.g. reservoirs
    • F02B33/446—Passages conducting the charge from the pump to the engine inlet, e.g. reservoirs having valves for admission of atmospheric air to engine, e.g. at starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/001—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust using exhaust drives arranged in parallel
    • F02B37/002—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust using exhaust drives arranged in parallel the exhaust supply to one of the exhaust drives can be interrupted
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/004—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust drives arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/16—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/16—Other safety measures for, or other control of, pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/08—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits
    • F02D9/12—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits having slidably-mounted valve members; having valve members movable longitudinally of conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M23/00—Apparatus for adding secondary air to fuel-air mixture
    • F02M23/006—Valves specially shaped for supplying secondary air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/08—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines for engines having two or more intake charge compressors or exhaust gas turbines, e.g. a turbocharger combined with an additional compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10242—Devices or means connected to or integrated into air intakes; Air intakes combined with other engine or vehicle parts
    • F02M35/10255—Arrangements of valves; Multi-way valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/02—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning induction conduits
    • F02D2009/0201—Arrangements; Control features; Details thereof
    • F02D2009/0274—Arrangements; Control features; Details thereof one being controlled by pressure in intake conduit, e.g. for slowly opening the throttle as the other valve is suddenly opened
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/3367—Larner-Johnson type valves; i.e., telescoping internal valve in expanded flow line section
    • Y10T137/3421—Line condition change responsive

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种内燃发动机，这种内燃发动机具有一个空气进气部分(2)，该空气进气部分具有一个空气进气管线(3)；具有一个排气部分(4)，该排气部分具有一个排气管线(5)；并且具有至少一个排气涡轮增压器(6)，该涡轮增压器具有位于该空气进气管线(3)中的一个压缩机(7)以及一个安排在该排气管线(5)中的一个涡轮机(8)，其特征为一种可控的旁路安排(9)，这种可控的旁路安排具有一个空气供应管线(10)，从进入空气的流动方向(R)观察，该空气供应管线在该压缩机(7)下游通入该空气进气管线(3)。

Description

内燃发动机
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1前序部分的一种内燃发动机。
背景技术
在具有单级或多级涡轮增压的内燃发动机中，在某些运行状态(如发动机超速运行或者制动模式)下由于空气供应不充分而在发动机进气管线内产生真空，并且发动机因此从压缩机和涡轮增压器的支承壳体(或者在二级涡轮增压的情况下，从压缩机和高压级的支承壳体)吸入空气以及燃油，该燃油在燃烧室内燃烧。内燃发动机的排气量值与涡轮增压器的油耗因此受到损害。
发明内容
与此相对比，本发明的一个目的是创造一种根据权利要求1前序部分的涡轮增压式内燃发动机，这使之能够特别是在发动机制动模式下有充足的进入空气的供应并且由此防止该排气涡轮增压器的排气量值的损害与油耗的激增。
所述目的是通过权利要求1的这些特征来实现的。
一种根据本发明的可控的旁路安排的设计导致在发动机制动模式下向该内燃发动机的充足的空气供应，这是在于环境空气是通过一种绕过高压压缩机和低压压缩机的旁路安排而吸入的并且被供应到内燃发动机的空气进气部分上。
多项从属权利要求涉及本发明的多个有利改进。
通过根据本发明的这种旁路安排的空气供应可以通过一个旁路阀而受到控制。这种控制在发动机进气管线中出现真空时可以通过一个独立的控制器来提供、或者通过一个分离的控制单元/控制阀(它可以例如被直接连接到进气歧管或另外连接到高压压缩机上)来提供。可替代地，依赖于制动翼板位置的控制可以通过一个位置传感器和一个PWM阀来提供。此外，通过该发动机控制单元对该旁路阀的电动控制以及通过一个致动马达或电磁阀对该旁路阀的致动是有可能的。
附图说明
从根据附图的一个示例性实施方案的以下说明中，可以得到本发明的进一步的细节、特征以及优点，在附图中：
图1示出了在一种涡轮增压式内燃发动机上的旁路安排的示意性图解；并且
图2示出了该涡轮增压式内燃发动机的这种旁路安排的旁路阀的一种可能的实施方案的局部剖开的透视图解。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明的一种内燃发动机1的示意性图解，该内燃发动机具有在这种增压涡轮式内燃发动机1上的根据本发明的旁路安排。如从图1中可见，内燃发动机1包括一个空气进气部分2和一个排气部分4。在排气部分4与空气进气部分2之间在一个排气再循环管线中安排了一个冷却器19和一个安排在下游的控制阀20。被连接到排气部分4上的是一个排气管线5，该排气管线将排气部分4连接到图1中所展示的一个二级涡轮增压器***的高压级HP的涡轮增压器6的涡轮机8上。同样被连接到内燃发动机1的排气部分4上的是一个具有旁路控制阀18的旁路管线17，这个旁路管线17绕过涡轮机8。该二级涡轮增压器***的一个低压级LP被安排在高压级HP的下游，这个低压级LP包括一个涡轮增压器13，该涡轮增压器带有一个涡轮机15和一个压缩机14。此外，一个制动翼板16被安排在排气管线5中。
一个空气进气管线3从高压级HP的压缩机7通入内燃发动机1的空气进气部分2。一种旁路安排9的空气供应管线10在流动方向R上压缩机7的下游开放，通过这个空气供应管线的空气过滤器11使环境空气AA可以被引入空气进气管线3中。在空气供应管线10中还安排了一个旁路阀12。
图2示出了旁路阀12的局部剖开的透视图。如从图2中可见，旁路阀12具有一个阀门壳体22，该阀门壳体通过一个端口29被连接到压缩机7上、通过一个端口30被连接到空气进气部分2上、并且通过一个端口31被连接到空气供应管线3上。流动进入端口29的空气的流动方向以及从端口30流出的空气的流动方向在各自的情况下是由一个箭头R表明的。流动进入端口31的环境空气是由一个箭头AA表示的。阀门壳体22在其中安排了一个支承本体23，该支承本体通过多个腹板28被紧固在阀门壳体22内。在支承本体23的内部，一个轴销25被保持或安装在一个轴销支承安排27之中。轴销25的相反端被紧固在一个阀门本体21的中央开口内。一个弹簧26被安排在支承本体23与阀门本体21之间，这个弹簧26通过一个O形圈24将阀门本体21密封在阀门壳体22的一个密封座32上。
在发动机的制动模式下被连接到端口29上的压缩机7侧上出现真空的情况下，阀门本体21从阀门壳体22的密封座32上被提起，并且来自空气供应管线10(它被连接到端口31上)的环境空气AA穿过而进入阀门壳体22内并且通过端口30和空气进气管线3被供应到内燃发动机1的空气进气部分2上。以此方式，借助于经过这种旁路安排9的额外的空气供应防止了在制动模式下向内燃发动机1的空气进气部分2的不充分的空气供应，防止了通过压缩机7的燃油损失，并且确保了遵守正确的废气排放量值。
为了使本披露完整，还明确地参引在图1和图2中对本发明的图形展示。
参考符号清单
1 内燃发动机
2 空气进气部分
3 空气进气管线
4 排气部分
5 排气管线
6，13 排气涡轮增压器
7，14 压缩机
8，15 涡轮机
9 旁路安排
10 空气供应管线
11 空气过滤器
12 旁路阀
16 制动翼板
17 旁路管线
18 旁路控制阀
19 增压空气冷却器
20 控制阀
21 阀门本体
22 阀门壳体
23 支承本体
24 O形圈
25 轴销
26 弹簧
27 轴销支承安排
28 腹板
29、30、31 端口
32 密封座
HP 高压级
LP 低压级

Claims (7)

1.一种内燃发动机(1)，
具有一个空气进气部分(2)，该空气进气部分具有一个空气进气管线(3)；
具有一个排气部分(4)，该排气部分具有一个排气管线(5)；并且
具有至少一个排气涡轮增压器(6)，该排气涡轮增压器具有一个位于该空气进气管线(3)中的压缩机(7)以及一个安排在该排气管线(5)中的涡轮机(8)，其特征为，
一种可控的旁路安排(9)，该旁路安排具有一个空气供应管线(10)，从进入空气的流动方向(R)来观察，该空气供应管线在该压缩机(7)下游通入该空气进气管线(3)。
2.如权利要求1所述的内燃发动机(1)，其特征在于，该可控的旁路安排(9)具有一个用于过滤从外部流入的环境空气(AA)的空气过滤器(11)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的内燃发动机(1)，其特征在于，该可控的旁路安排(9)具有一个旁路阀(12)，该旁路阀在该空气过滤器(11)下游安排在空气供应管线(10)中。
4.如权利要求1至3之一所述的内燃发动机(1)，其特征在于，该可控的旁路安排(9)被直接附接到该发动机的进气歧管上。
5.如权利要求2至4之一所述的内燃发动机(1)，其特征在于，该旁路阀(12)可以是机械地、气动地或者电动地致动的。
6.如权利要求2至5之一所述的内燃发动机(1)，其特征在于，该旁路阀(12)具有一个弹簧加载的阀门本体(21)，在该空气进气管线(3)内的真空的情况下该阀门本体可以对抗该弹簧力而被打开。
7.如以上权利要求之一所述的内燃发动机(1)，其特征在于，两个排气涡轮增压器(6，13)用于形成一种二级涡轮增压器安排，该二级涡轮增压器安排具有一个高压级(HP)并且具有一个低压级(LP)，其中该空气供应管线(10)在该高压级(HP)的压缩机(7)下游通入该空气进气管线(3)。
CN2010800073040A 2009-02-26 2010-02-19 内燃发动机 Pending CN102317593A (zh)

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CN201610029504.5A CN105649836B (zh) 2009-02-26 2010-02-19 内燃发动机

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DE102009010650.2 2009-02-26
DE102009010650 2009-02-26
PCT/US2010/024660 WO2010099031A2 (en) 2009-02-26 2010-02-19 Internal combustion engine

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CN106704057A (zh) * 2017-01-20 2017-05-24 李桂江 一种并联式汽车发动机进气***

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CN106704057A (zh) * 2017-01-20 2017-05-24 李桂江 一种并联式汽车发动机进气***

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KR20110125242A (ko) 2011-11-18
DE112010000936T5 (de) 2012-08-02
CN105649836A (zh) 2016-06-08
US8966897B2 (en) 2015-03-03
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US20110296836A1 (en) 2011-12-08
JP2012519250A (ja) 2012-08-23

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