CN102308171A - 转化生物质的方法 - Google Patents

转化生物质的方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN102308171A
CN102308171A CN2010800063867A CN201080006386A CN102308171A CN 102308171 A CN102308171 A CN 102308171A CN 2010800063867 A CN2010800063867 A CN 2010800063867A CN 201080006386 A CN201080006386 A CN 201080006386A CN 102308171 A CN102308171 A CN 102308171A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
chip
oil
fuel
agricultural residue
pyrolysis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN2010800063867A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
H·伯利戈特
C·奈斯特
S·范帕森
R·H·范德博希
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Publication of CN102308171A publication Critical patent/CN102308171A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
    • F26B9/10—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in the open air; in pans or tables in rooms; Drying stacks of loose material on floors which may be covered, e.g. by a roof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/466—Entrained flow processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/361—Briquettes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • C10L9/083—Torrefaction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/28—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun
    • F26B3/283—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun in combination with convection
    • F26B3/286—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by radiation, e.g. from the sun in combination with convection by solar radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0926—Slurries comprising bio-oil or bio-coke, i.e. charcoal, obtained, e.g. by fast pyrolysis of biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1659—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to liquid hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1665—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to alcohols, e.g. methanol or ethanol
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
    • Y02B40/18—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers using renewables, e.g. solar cooking stoves, furnaces or solar heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种由棕榈油工艺中获得的残余物制备燃料或燃料中间体的方法，其中使水含量为40-75wt％水的农业残余物碎屑干燥，以得到水含量为5-40wt％的干燥农业残余物，然后将其压实为二维尺寸为5-1000mm、厚度为5-300mm和密度为200-1200kg/m3的球、立方体或小煤饼。

Description

转化生物质的方法
背景技术
本发明涉及将生物质例如由棕榈油生产工艺中获得的空果串纤维、油棕榈叶和油棕榈树干以及前述两种或多种的混合物转化为燃料或燃料中间体的方法。另外，也可以应用其它农业残余物例如稻草。
棕榈油生产链中产生大量的生物质副产品(高达约5倍的油产量)，它们在增加生产链价值中用途非常有限。目前的棕榈油生产***面临着相当大的挑战。另外，目前的生产和处理方法与污染和温室气体排放有很大关联。将副产品用于能量和绿色化学品的用途提供了改善食品用油生产链的环境影响的前景，这非常适合生物经济的发展。迄今为止，对可持续棕榈油生产的讨论的主要议题已经集中于雨林损失、土壤肥度和再生产、生物多样性、害虫和水管理以及温室气体排放。现在已经认识到可应用可由生物质副产品获取的能量，和在许多情况下利用油生产残余物提供驱动装置运行所需要的能量。将这些物料用于能量目的可降低源于田地中残余物降解的相关温室气体、甲烷和CO2的产量。
在棕榈油生产中产生的主要副产品为种植园副产品，例如油棕榈叶(OPF)、根和树干，以及在棕榈油加工磨坊获得的副产品，例如空果串纤维(EFB)、果实纤维、果仁壳、棕榈油磨坊流出物和棕榈壳饼。据估计例如在马来西亚生物质的潜在量在磨坊处为3-5千万吨而在田园里有7-8千万吨。这些物料大多数存在马亚西亚(几乎占世界棕榈油产量的50％)和印度尼西亚(几乎占世界棕榈油产量的1/3)。
目前全部副产品中仅有部分得到应用，且在许多情况下为用作树根覆盖物、纸浆或纤维。大多数EFB没有用作肥料或树根覆盖物；除覆盖树根外，树干没有太大的用途，而且并不是所有的OPF均需要进行种植园土壤质量控制。
现在本发明提供如下一种将由棕榈油生产工艺获得的副产品和其它农业残余物如稻草转化为燃料或燃料中间体的方法。
发明内容
本发明为一种由棕榈油工艺中获得的残余物制备燃料或燃料中间体的方法，其中平均粒径为10-100mm的水含量为40-75wt％水的棕榈油空果串纤维(EFB)、OPF和OPT以及其它农业残余物碎屑在环境条件下或稍微高于环境条件的条件下干燥，以获得水含量为5-40wt％的干燥生物质材料。
本申请人发现通过在环境条件或稍微高于环境条件的温度条件下干燥，可以获得一种经济上吸引人的方法来干燥棕榈油空果串纤维和其它农业残余物碎屑。
按照本发明，在环境条件下干燥的意义在于自然环境、特别是太阳辐射热提供了蒸发所需的热量。在干燥步骤中，优选将农业残余物碎屑放置于透光屋顶下并且定期进行机械翻转。适当地，将农业残余物碎屑在朝阳表面上铺开。床层的厚度适当地为5-30cm，和更优选为约10cm。当应用屋顶时，优选在农业残余物碎屑的床层上方设置使空气流通的设施。这种设施合适地为风扇。优选定期翻转农业残余物碎屑的床层，从而使干燥得到优化。这种翻转优选通过机械铲来实施。这种机械的一个例子合适地为配备有铁铲的旋转圆筒。将圆筒放置于床层上方一定距离，和当圆筒旋转时，铁铲将使床层混合。优选地，圆筒可以通过轨道相对于床层移动，从而一个圆筒可以混合较大的、优选为矩形的区域。干燥步骤的停留时间为20-150小时。合适干燥方法的例子在Shingo Furuichi，Mat Daham Mohd.Duad，JunichiSATO；Nogyo Kikai Gakkai Nenji Taikai Koen Yoshi(2003)，Development of Solar Drying Technology for Processing of OilPalm Fronds into Animal Feed-Drying Characteristic of OPF inSolar Drying Greenhouse，-VOL.62nd；PAGE 411-412(2003)中有述。优选地，EFB碎屑已经被脱油，以获得油含量低于2wt％的脱油EFB碎屑。
按照本发明，在稍高于环境的条件下干燥的意义在于自然环境提供蒸发用空气，并且用外部来源、优选为来自棕榈油磨坊的废热将空气加热至最高60℃。用加热至高于60℃的空气进行干燥不是很有利，因为这需要在干燥器中应用昂贵的材料。干燥优选在带式干燥器中实施，在其中将温度处于环境温度和60℃之间的环境空气与生物质错流接触，这意味着由于干燥器带和生物质层是多孔的，(热的)空气优选通过干燥器带和其上的生物质层从底部到达顶部；但也可以应用(热)空气与生物质接触的其它模式。这种带式干燥器可以从多个供应商例如Jansen Poultry Equipment，Harselaarsweg 32，3771MB Barneveld，The Netherlands处商购获得。干燥步骤的停留时间为3-60小时。相对于利用机械搅拌的日光晾晒，带式干燥器的另一个优点在于日光晾晒会产生粉尘，会产生粉尘问题和生物质损失。
按照本发明方法获得的干燥的EFB、OPF、OPT或其它生物质材料优选被压实为球、立方体或小煤饼形状，其尺寸取决于下游的进一步应用，但通常具有5-1000mm的二维尺寸和5-300mm的厚度，和密度为200-1200kg/m3。优选为立方体。可以应用可商购机械将生物质压实为球、立方体或小煤饼。可用于本发明的压方块机例如包括可从Warren & Baerg Manufacturing，Inc.，39950 Road 108，Dinuba，California，USA获得的那些。可用于本发明的造粒机包括可从Amandus Kahl，Germany获得的那些。干燥的EFB材料优选与最小直径为10-50mm且水含量小于40wt％的干燥的油棕榈叶碎屑和/或干燥的棕榈油树干碎屑一起压实。
在上述组合造粒过程中应用的棕榈油树干碎屑优选由水含量为40-75wt％水且平均直径为10-100mm的棕榈油树干碎屑开始。这种物料合适地在环境条件下干燥，以获得水含量为5-40wt％的干燥物料。在环境条件下干燥优选与上面针对EFB碎屑所述相同。
本发明还涉及按上文所述的棕榈油树干碎屑的干燥方法。适当地，在环境条件下干燥棕榈油树干碎屑可以与油棕榈叶碎屑混合进行。
如果在任意上述方法中应用油棕榈叶(OPF)，则优选应用在油种植园内预先干燥的树叶。这是有利的，因为平均水含量可以明显降低，例如从75wt％水降至20wt％水。进一步的优点是新鲜叶子中存在的大多数钾和氯化物被雨水沥出。这就导致需要应用更少的附加肥料。另一个优点是叶子保护种植园的土壤不受冲蚀，并增加所述土壤的持水量。
按上述方法获得的压实球、立方体或小煤饼(进一步统称为块状物)可以用作发电或替代的如下文所述的其它方法的燃料。在一个实施方案中，它们经受烘焙过程。优选地，在实施烘焙步骤之前，EFB或包含所述块状物的任何原料混合物均被干燥至水含量为10-25wt％。烘焙是在相对较长停留时间下在不加分子氧的条件下对压实块状物实施的热处理。优选地，压实块状物在10-120分钟内加热至210-350℃的温度下以得到固态的烘焙燃料。
生物质源材料的烘焙是公知的，和例如在M.Pach，R.Zanzi和E.
Figure BDA0000080675350000041
″Torrefied Biomass a Substitute for Wood andCharcoal″，6th Asia-Pacific International Symposium onCombustion and Energy Utilization，May 2002，Kuala Lumpur andin Bergman，P.C.A.，″Torrefaction in combination withpelletisation-the TOP process″，ECN Report，ECN-C-05-073，Petten，2005中有述。
所得的烘焙燃料可以用作发电燃料，或者甚至更适合地用作夹带流气化工艺的原料以制备氢气和一氧化碳的混合物。氢气和一氧化碳的混合物反过来可以用于制备各种产品如纯氢、甲醇、二甲醚或通过费-托合成制备链烷烃基燃料。
在第二个实施方案中，所述块状物通过闪蒸热解转化为液体。在闪蒸热解方法中，通常得到固体炭和液体生物质原料组分。闪蒸热解的产品优选为液体或炭与液体生物质的混合物、热解浆液。优选在实施闪蒸热解步骤之前，将EFB或包含压实块状物的任何原料混合物干燥至水含量为10-25wt％，以得到水含量为5-15wt％的压实块状物。任选干燥的块状物在惰性气氛下在约1-30秒内加热至400-550℃的温度，以得到液态热解油或热解浆液。
闪蒸热解是公知的，例如在EP-A-904335；in Dinesh Mohan，Charles U.Pittman，Jr.，and Philip H.Steele，″Pyrolysis ofWood/Biomass for Bio-oil：A Critical Review″，Energy & Fuels2006，20，848-889；和E.Henrich，″Clean syngas from biomass bypressurised entrained flow gasification of slurries from fastpyrolysis″in Synbios，the Syngas Route to Automotive Biofuels，conference held from 18-20May 2005，Stockholm，Sweden(2005)中有述。
所得的热解油或热解浆液可以用作发电燃料，或者甚至更合适地用作夹带流气化工艺的原料以制备氢气和一氧化碳的混合物。氢气和一氧化碳的混合物反过来可以用于制备各种产品如纯氢、甲醇、二甲醚或通过费-托合成制备链烷烃基燃料。

Claims (17)

1.一种由生物质如在棕榈油工艺中获得的农业残余物制备燃料或燃料中间体的方法，其中将水含量为40-75wt％水的农业残余物碎屑干燥，以获得水含量为5-40wt％的干燥生物质材料，和然后将其压实成二维尺寸为5-1000mm、厚度为5-300mm和密度为200-1200kg/m3的球、立方体或小煤饼。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中所述干燥步骤在环境条件下实施。
3.权利要求1的方法，其中所述干燥步骤用环境空气在带式干燥器中实施。
4.权利要求1的方法，其中所述干燥步骤用预热至最高60℃的空气在带式干燥器中实施。
5.权利要求2的方法，其中所述干燥步骤中的停留时间为20-150小时。
6.权利要求1-2任一项的方法，其中所述生物质碎屑在透光屋顶下干燥并定期进行机械翻转。
7.权利要求1的方法，其中干燥生物质与最小直径为10-50mm且水含量小于40wt％的油棕榈叶碎屑和/或棕榈油树干碎屑一起压实。
8.权利要求1-7任一项的方法，其中将所述球、立方体或小煤饼在10-120分钟内加热至210-350℃的温度以得到固态烘焙燃料。
9.权利要求1-7任一项的方法，其中将所述球或小煤饼在惰性气氛下在1-30秒内加热至400-550℃，以得到液态热解油或热解浆液。
10.权利要求8的方法得到的烘焙燃料的用途，用作夹带流气化工艺的原料以制备氢气和一氧化碳的混合物。
11.权利要求9的方法得到的热解油或热解浆液的用途，用作夹带流气化工艺的原料以制备氢气和一氧化碳的混合物。
12.权利要求8的方法得到的烘焙燃料或权利要求9的方法得到的热解油或热解浆液的用途，用作发电燃料。
13.权利要求1的方法，其中所述农业残余物包括棕榈油树干碎屑。
14.权利要求1的方法，其中所述农业残余物包括油棕榈叶碎屑。
15.权利要求1的方法，其中所述农业残余物包括稻草。
16.权利要求1的方法，其中所述农业残余物包括空果串纤维，所述空果串纤维已经脱油，从而获得油含量低于2wt％的脱油生物质碎屑。
17.权利要求1的方法，其中所述农业残余物碎屑的平均直径为10-100mm。
CN2010800063867A 2009-02-04 2010-02-04 转化生物质的方法 Pending CN102308171A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09152033.8 2009-02-04
EP09152033 2009-02-04
PCT/EP2010/051343 WO2010089342A1 (en) 2009-02-04 2010-02-04 Process to convert biomass

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN102308171A true CN102308171A (zh) 2012-01-04

Family

ID=40809797

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN2010800063867A Pending CN102308171A (zh) 2009-02-04 2010-02-04 转化生物质的方法

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20110297885A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2394119A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN102308171A (zh)
AU (1) AU2010210195A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2010089342A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010141629A1 (en) 2009-06-02 2010-12-09 Thermochem Recovery International, Inc. Gasifier having integrated fuel cell power generation system
CN102959059B (zh) * 2010-08-17 2015-11-25 宇部兴产株式会社 固体燃料及其制造方法、制造装置
ES2377611B1 (es) * 2010-08-31 2013-02-12 Curso & Partners, S.L. Procedimiento y obtención de biocombustible sólido a partir de palmáceas.
BR112013010886A2 (pt) 2010-11-05 2016-08-02 Thermochem Recovery Int Inc sistema de circulação de sólidos e processo para captura e conversão de sólidos reativos
ES2385446B1 (es) * 2010-12-27 2013-06-06 Curso & Partners, S.L. Mejoras en la patente de invención p201031299, por "procedimiento de obtención de biocombustible sólido a partir de palmáceas"
NL2006079C2 (nl) * 2011-01-27 2012-07-31 Topell Energy B V Werkwijze en inrichting voor het behandelen van biomassa.
WO2012158118A1 (en) * 2011-05-18 2012-11-22 Bioendev Ab Countercurrent oxygen enhanced torrefaction
RU2593988C2 (ru) 2011-05-18 2016-08-10 Биоэндев Аб Способ контроля и управления температурой обжига
CN102250665B (zh) * 2011-06-23 2013-11-27 天津市东庄生物能源科技有限公司 一种生物质燃料颗粒及其制备方法
US9127227B2 (en) 2011-09-16 2015-09-08 Astec, Inc. Method and apparatus for processing biomass material
AU2012315914B2 (en) 2011-09-27 2015-07-09 Thermochem Recovery International, Inc. System and method for syngas clean-up
TWI449782B (zh) * 2012-02-03 2014-08-21 China Steel Corp Production method of raw coal
CZ306291B6 (cs) * 2012-02-20 2016-11-16 Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze Palivo na bázi odpadu z výroby oleje z oplodí palmy olejné
US9562204B2 (en) 2012-09-14 2017-02-07 Astec, Inc. Method and apparatus for pelletizing blends of biomass materials for use as fuel
KR101209465B1 (ko) * 2012-09-27 2012-12-07 한국에너지기술연구원 팜 잔사유를 이용한 석탄의 개질방법
DK2912150T3 (da) * 2012-10-25 2017-11-06 Astec Inc Fremgangsmåde og indretning til pelletering af blandinger af biomassematerialer til anvendelse som brændstof
CA2890687C (en) * 2012-11-30 2023-06-06 Hm3 Energy, Inc. Method and process for producing a water-resistant, mechanically stable form of torrefied biomass
US11064717B2 (en) 2013-02-20 2021-07-20 Palm Silage, Inc. Palm-based animal feed
US11071313B2 (en) 2013-02-20 2021-07-27 Palm Silage, Inc. Palm-based animal feed
ES2940894T3 (es) 2016-02-16 2023-05-12 Thermochem Recovery Int Inc Sistema y método de generación de gas producto de energía integrada de dos etapas
WO2017165765A1 (en) * 2016-03-24 2017-09-28 Palm Silage, Inc. Palm-based erosion control and water flow control
WO2017164888A1 (en) 2016-03-25 2017-09-28 Thermochem Recovery International, Inc. Three-stage energy-integrated product gas generation system and method
US10364398B2 (en) 2016-08-30 2019-07-30 Thermochem Recovery International, Inc. Method of producing product gas from multiple carbonaceous feedstock streams mixed with a reduced-pressure mixing gas
US10197014B2 (en) 2016-08-30 2019-02-05 Thermochem Recovery International, Inc. Feed zone delivery system having carbonaceous feedstock density reduction and gas mixing
US10197015B2 (en) 2016-08-30 2019-02-05 Thermochem Recovery International, Inc. Feedstock delivery system having carbonaceous feedstock splitter and gas mixing
US10221359B2 (en) 2016-09-20 2019-03-05 Anthony Phan Biomass treatment process and apparatus
WO2018185804A1 (ja) * 2017-04-03 2018-10-11 株式会社Ihi 燃料製造方法
US10329506B2 (en) 2017-04-10 2019-06-25 Thermochem Recovery International, Inc. Gas-solids separation system having a partitioned solids transfer conduit
US10717102B2 (en) 2017-05-31 2020-07-21 Thermochem Recovery International, Inc. Pressure-based method and system for measuring the density and height of a fluidized bed
US9920926B1 (en) 2017-07-10 2018-03-20 Thermochem Recovery International, Inc. Pulse combustion heat exchanger system and method
US10099200B1 (en) 2017-10-24 2018-10-16 Thermochem Recovery International, Inc. Liquid fuel production system having parallel product gas generation
JP6388740B1 (ja) * 2018-03-14 2018-09-12 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 成型体の製造方法、炭化物の製造方法、及び成型体の製造システム
JP6410976B1 (ja) * 2018-03-14 2018-10-24 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 成型体の製造方法及び炭化物の製造方法
CN108753402A (zh) * 2018-07-09 2018-11-06 安徽大地节能科技有限公司 一种绿色生物质颗粒燃料
US11124724B2 (en) 2018-12-05 2021-09-21 Hm3 Energy, Inc. Method for producing a water-resistant, compressed biomass product
US11555157B2 (en) 2020-03-10 2023-01-17 Thermochem Recovery International, Inc. System and method for liquid fuel production from carbonaceous materials using recycled conditioned syngas
US11466223B2 (en) 2020-09-04 2022-10-11 Thermochem Recovery International, Inc. Two-stage syngas production with separate char and product gas inputs into the second stage
CN112608770A (zh) * 2020-11-26 2021-04-06 萧明尧 棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法
GB2606188A (en) * 2021-04-28 2022-11-02 Abundia Biomass To Liquids Ltd Hydrogen production

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1073445A (fr) * 1952-12-19 1954-09-24 Procédé de fabrication d'agglomérés combustibles à partir des déchets de l'huilerie de palme
FR2499096A1 (fr) * 1981-02-03 1982-08-06 Agri En Produit combustible fabrique a base de dechets et/ou sous-produits et/ou productions agricoles non utilisees ou mal valorisees a fort pouvoir calorifique
GB2096295B (en) * 1981-04-03 1985-01-30 Ceylon Tobacco Co Ltd Process and apparatus for drying granular or fibrous materials
FR2512053B1 (fr) * 1981-08-28 1985-08-02 Armines Procede de transformation de matiere ligneuse d'origine vegetale et matiere d'origine vegetale ligneuse transformee par torrefaction
CA2255922C (en) 1996-05-20 2009-07-07 Jan Piskorz Energy efficient liquefaction of biomaterials by thermolysis
US6163981A (en) * 1998-11-25 2000-12-26 Nilsson; Bengt Method and apparatus for drying wood particles
DE10153975A1 (de) * 2001-11-06 2003-05-15 Re Fuels Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Biobrennstoffes
WO2005075609A1 (en) * 2004-02-04 2005-08-18 Fook Yew Wong Process for making solid fuel
FI20045042A0 (fi) * 2004-02-17 2004-02-17 Vapo Oy Menetelmä märkien jätemateriaalien kuivatuksessa
US20070220805A1 (en) * 2006-03-24 2007-09-27 Leveson Philip D Method for producing a homogeneous biomass fuel for gasification applications
EP1870171A1 (en) * 2006-06-20 2007-12-26 Ferca S.r.l. Method and apparatus for the disposal of vegetable water and olive residues
FR2904405B1 (fr) * 2006-07-31 2008-10-31 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de preparation d'une charge contenant de la biomasse en vue d'une gazeification ulterieure
KR100808512B1 (ko) * 2007-03-10 2008-03-03 전호건 산림 잔여물의 연료화 장치 및 방법
US20080280236A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2008-11-13 Wright Roger G Solid fuel compositions, processes for preparing solid fuel, and combustion processes
EP1990399A1 (en) * 2007-10-22 2008-11-12 Constantijn W.H.H. Cox Method for the treatment of the empty fruit bunch (EFB) material of palm oil trees, particulate torrefied EFB product and use of such product as auxiliary fuel in a power plant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20110297885A1 (en) 2011-12-08
WO2010089342A1 (en) 2010-08-12
EP2394119A1 (en) 2011-12-14
AU2010210195A1 (en) 2011-07-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN102308171A (zh) 转化生物质的方法
Sulaiman et al. An outlook of Malaysian energy, oil palm industry and its utilization of wastes as useful resources
KR101539224B1 (ko) 바이오메스 고형연료의 제조방법
Ciesielczuk et al. The possibility of disposing of spent coffee ground with energy recycling
JP2003206490A (ja) バイオマス半炭化圧密燃料前駆体およびバイオマス半炭化圧密燃料の製造方法
CN104974773A (zh) 一种闭式热解炭化多联产工艺
CN107384501A (zh) 生物质燃料及其生产工艺
CN100564247C (zh) 从有机废弃物中回收氢的方法
CN102080006A (zh) 柑橘皮渣生物质能颗粒及其压榨制备方法
KR101691723B1 (ko) 폐유기물 함유 연료펠렛의 제조방법
KR20090114961A (ko) 나무톱밥 배지를 이용한 연료화 장치
KR101088636B1 (ko) 축산 분뇨와 목질계 바이오 메스를 이용한 자원화 및 에너지 이용 방법
Gavrilov et al. Debarking waste processing: a systematic review
CN104119978A (zh) 替代燃煤的环保型生物质燃料及其制备方法
Van Hung et al. Processing rice straw and husks as co-products Research Institute (IRRI), The Philippines
CN107858187A (zh) 一种芳香型生物质复合煤
Murad Power production a negative carbon balance with CHAB concept
Niedziółka et al. Assessment of quality and energy of solid biofuel production
Palm et al. Physicochemical characterization of waste from vegetal extracts industry for use as briquettes
CN107723049A (zh) 一种芳香型生物质能源颗粒
CN101225329A (zh) 用各种生物干粉或各种煤干粉生产氢气或燃气的方法
Srivastava A Review on Production, Properties and Current Status of Biomass Energy in India
Vanghele et al. USE OF BAMBOO BIOMASS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SOLID BIOFUELS
PALANISAMY et al. SUN FLOWER--CORN STEM SOLID BIOMASS FUEL PHYSICAL PROXIMATE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND ITS INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS.
CN107858186A (zh) 一种环保生物质复合煤

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C02 Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001)
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20120104