CN102301905A - Method for planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- 235000016068 Berberis vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 241000335053 Beta vulgaris Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000021537 Beetroot Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting beet in coastal heavy saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following steps: A. arranging land, and building an elongated farmland or a raised field; B. irrigating and icing by salt water in winter; C. covering by a mulching film; D. culturing seedlings and transplanting; E. managing in a growth period; and F. harvesting when the beet is mature. According to a series of measures of arranging land, icing and irrigating by salt water in winter, melting and spraying by salt water in spring, covering by the mulching film, inhibiting salt, preserving soil moisture and the like, the salt content in soil of a beet root layer is lowered, and the beet can be guaranteed to normally grow. The method is simple to operate, has the advantages of low cost and obvious economic, social and ecological benefits, and is suitable to be applied in coastal saline-alkali zones; and by the method, the development of sugar manufacture and biological energy industry in China can be promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water resource utilization and soil melioration technical field, especially the method for heavy saline land plantation beet in the strand.
Background technology
The soil alkaline arid is the principal element of restriction agricultural development, and traditional alkaline land improving mainly is the filling row measure realization of drenching salt, extracting underground water, lowering of watertable through fresh water.Because freshwater resources are deficient, the application of this measure is restricted.Particularly littoral in the Bohai Sea, more than 2,000 ten thousand mu coastal saline-alkali soil is difficult to utilize owing to lacking fresh water, and crop is difficult to growth.Yet, though the coastal region freshwater resources are deficient, the salt water aboundresources.
Patent formerly " utilizing the method in bitter natural freezing improvement the salt-soda soil " (patent No.: 200510012450.3) referring to the applicant; Resources characteristic according to coastal region; Invented and utilized the icing method of irrigating the improvement salt-soda soil of salt water a kind of winter; Promptly utilize salt water to freeze freeze thawing degree of saltiness moisture from principle; Utilize natural cooling source in the winter time; Utilize salt water to irrigate; Irrigate the back and form ice sheet at upper soll layer; Because the melting point of different salinity salt water ice is different; Spring is along with temperature raises; The salt water of high concentration thawing earlier infiltrates earlier; The brackish water of Rong Huaing infiltrating afterwards until fresh water; Surface soil salinity there is a leaching, reaches the purpose of upper soll layer desalination.But above-mentioned research does not provide the concrete operation method of the specific crop of plantation, because different plant habit is different, still need on the basis of above-mentioned technology, explore the concrete plantation scheme that is suitable for Different Crop through a large amount of tests.
Beet is important sugar material of China and bioenergy crop, has the characteristics of salt tolerant alkali, in the light saline and alkaline area of moderate establishing in large scale.Because geavy salt alkali district, strand soil salt content is high, subterranean water level is shallow, salinity is high, and except that some halophytess, general crop is difficult to into alive.The beet seedling stage stage is relatively more responsive to salinity, and geavy salt alkali district is that beet seedling stage is created the key that suitable low-salt environment is an assurance beet normal growth in the strand.This patent has been invented the method for the heavy saline land plantation beet in the strand on the basis of a large amount of tests.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of method that weighs plantation beet in saline land in the strand; Through consolidation, winter salt water freeze irrigate, spring salt water ice melt dash drench, plastic mulching presses down a series of measures such as salt soil moisture conservation; Reduce the salt content of beet root layer soil, guarantee the normal growth of beet.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention taked is following.
The method of the heavy saline land plantation in strand beet, its step comprises:
A, consolidation: before going into the winter, carry out; Build bar field or raised fields on the ground at coastal saline-alkali; Make bar field or raised fields ground and phreatic distance be not less than 1m; Build and highly be the retaining ridge of 30cm in the bar field or around the raised fields; Plowed soils applies effective content and is 12% superphosphate 100kg/ mu;
B, irrigation with saline water in winter freeze: when winter daily mean temperature stable when being lower than-5 ℃ the extracting saline groundwater irrigate, the irrigation water salt content below 15g/L, irrigation quantity 180mm;
C, plastic mulching: treat that salt water ice melts fully to infiltrate behind the soil early spring, in time utilize mulch film to cover, suppress the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring to reduce evaporation;
D, grow seedlings and transplant: in little shed, utilize cellular paper web to carry out beet and grow seedlings, temperature is controlled at about 20 ℃, begins to take off canopy film refining seedling during height of seedling 3cm; Blades during transplanting that seedling is all wipe out 2/3rds, adopt perforated tape paper web transplanting on the film then, and planting system is planted for waiting line-spacing, line-spacing 40cm, and spacing in the rows 28-30cm, the 5500-6000 strain is counted in a mu strain, after planting, some water seal hole in the hole of planting;
E, growing season management: nitrogen fertilizer application before rainy season, the disposable effective content that applies is 34% coated urea 25kg/ mu; In time wipe out and treat insect pests and plant diseases weeds, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in the whole growth phase, guarantee the beet normal growth;
F, treat to gather when beet grows up to.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1.5m greater than 1m, build the bar field, the bar field is wide 20 meters, length 500m, ditch depth 1.5m, bottom width 1m, wide 3m suitable for reading.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1m, build raised fields, the wide 10-15m of raised fields, raised fields ground identity distance underground water 1.5m.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, on bar, raised fields every reed of burying diameter 10cm at a distance from 10m underground or the plastics blind pipe, buried depth 40cm, the draining reed or the plastics blind elbow length than bar field or the long 1m of raised fields width, two ends are exposed in the drain ditch after burying underground.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, among the step B, irrigate earlier and freeze with little water, treat the face of land form stablize ice sheet after, once irritate the sufficient 180mm water yield, the salt water ice sheet is stablized in formation after pouring water.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, among the step D, grow seedlings in late March, transplant mid-May.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, the kind of beet is that KWS1044 or bus are gloomy.
Adopt the beneficial effect that technique scheme produced to be:
The beet seedling stage stage is relatively more responsive to salinity; Geavy salt alkali district is that beet seedling stage is created the key that suitable low-salt environment is an assurance beet normal growth in the strand; Plastic mulching measure in spring of the present invention; Suppressed water evaporates; Reduce upwards migration of soil salt, had the effect that presses down the salt soil moisture conservation, improved the saline land; Guaranteed the alive and normal growth of one-tenth after beet is transplanted, realized that geavy salt alkali district, strand improves beet high yield then then;
The present invention is through a series of measures such as whole ground, the icing irrigation of salt water in winter, plastic mulching in spring, seedling raising and transplanting, cultivation managements; Make the beet phase soil plough horizon moisture content of transplanting seedlings remain on 25-26%; And make beet transplant seedlings the phase and transplant seedlings after whole growth phase root region soil salt content be reduced to below 0.4%; The present invention is simple to operate; Cost is low; Be adapted at the coastal saline-alkali district and use, can promote the development of China's sugaring and bioenergy industry, have remarkable economical, society and ecological benefits;
The production test that 2008-2010 carried out shows that when mid-May, beet was transplanted, topsoil 20cm soil salt content was 0.25-0.38%, and soil moisture content is 25-26%, thereby has guaranteed the transplant survival of beet, and transplanting survival rate reaches 80-85%; Transplant back whole growing (mid-May-early November) 0-40cm soil salt content and be controlled at below 0.4%, guaranteed the normal growth of beet; The per mu yield beet reaches 3.3 tons.
Embodiment
Following examples describe the present invention in detail.Various raw material used in the present invention and items of equipment are conventional commercially available prod, all can buy directly through market to obtain.
Embodiment 1
Be the application example of applicant's heavy saline land plantation beet below in the strand.This base is positioned at the Haixing County, Hebei province, belongs to the continental monsoon climate in warm temperate zone, 12.1 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, January mean temperature of air-4.6 ℃, the extreme minimum air temperature-19.9 ℃, 217 days frost-free seasons.Year, sunshine duration was 2718.8 hours, and average annual precipitation is 627.9mm, mainly concentrates on July～August, accounts for 74% of annual precipitation.This district belongs to littoral plain, and hypsography low-lying is smooth, and height above sea level 1.3-3.6m, soil are marine solonchak, and soil salt content is heavy saline land, strand more than 0.8%.Subterranean water level is shallow, and on average about 1 meter, the degree of mineralization of ground water is high, and salt content is at 7～20gL
-1
The method of the heavy saline land plantation in strand beet, its step comprises:
A, consolidation: before going into the winter, carry out, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1.5m greater than 1m, build the bar field, the bar field is wide 20 meters, length 500m, ditch depth 1.5m, bottom width 1m, wide 3m suitable for reading; Spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1m, build raised fields, the wide 10-15m of raised fields, raised fields ground identity distance underground water 1.5m; Every separated 10m buries the reed handle of diameter 10cm underground on bar, raised fields, buried depth 40cm, and draining reed handle or plastics blind elbow length are buried the two ends, back underground and are exposed in the drain ditch than bar field or the long 1m of raised fields width; Build and highly be the retaining ridge of 30cm in the bar field or around the raised fields, plowed soils applies effective content and is 12% superphosphate 100kg/ mu;
B, irrigation with saline water in winter are frozen: 5-15 day in January, daily mean temperature is stable to be lower than-5 ℃, and the extracting saline groundwater is irrigated, and the irrigation water salt content is 9.6-11.2g/L, irrigation quantity 180mm; Concrete operation method is to irrigate with little water earlier to freeze, treat the face of land form stablize ice sheet after, once irritate the sufficient 180mm water yield, the salt water ice sheet is stablized in formation after pouring water;
C, plastic mulching: 1-5 day in March, treat that salt water ice melts fully to infiltrate behind the soil, in time utilize the 90-120cm mulch film to cover, suppress the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring to reduce evaporation;
D, grow seedlings and transplant: 25-28 day in March, select for use salt tolerant beet variety KWS1044 or bus gloomy, in little shed, to utilize cellular paper web to carry out beet and grow seedlings, temperature is controlled at about 20 ℃, begins to take off canopy film refining seedling during height of seedling 3cm; 15-20 day in May, transplant thinning beet, blades during transplanting that seedling is all wipe out 2/3rds, adopt perforated tape paper web transplanting on the film then; Planting system is to wait line-spacing to plant line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 30cm; Several 550 strains of mu strain, after planting, some water seal hole in the hole of planting;
E, growing season management: nitrogen fertilizer application before rainy season late June, the disposable effective content that applies is 34% coated urea 25kg/ mu; In time wiping out and treating insect pests and plant diseases weeds, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in the whole growth phase, mainly is the control to beet armyworm, guarantees the beet normal growth;
F, early November treat to gather when beet grows up to.
According to the method described above, 2008-2010, when mid-May, beet was transplanted, topsoil 20cm soil salt content was 0.25-0.38%, and soil moisture content is 25-26%, thereby has guaranteed the transplant survival of beet, and transplanting survival rate reaches 80-85%; Transplant back whole growing (mid-May-early November) 0-40cm soil salt content and be controlled at below 0.4%, guaranteed the normal growth of beet; The per mu yield beet reaches 3.3 tons.And contrast transplanting phase soil salt content reaches more than 1%, can not become the total crop failure that causes alive thereby transplant the back beet.Through the present invention, the geavy salt alkali district of successfully never planting plant has in history realized the beet high yield, for China's bioenergy with the sugaring industry development new raw material site, for this area increasing peasant income provide new way, the present invention has a extensive future.
Foregoing description only proposes as the enforceable technical scheme of the present invention, not as the single restrictive condition to its technical scheme itself.
Claims (7)
1. the method for beet is planted in heavy saline land, strand, and its characterization step comprises:
A, consolidation: before going into the winter, carry out; Build bar field or raised fields on the ground at coastal saline-alkali; Make bar field or raised fields ground and phreatic distance be not less than 1m; Build and highly be the retaining ridge of 30cm in the bar field or around the raised fields; Plowed soils applies effective content and is 12% superphosphate 100kg/ mu;
B, irrigation with saline water in winter freeze: when winter daily mean temperature stable when being lower than-5 ℃ the extracting saline groundwater irrigate, the irrigation water salt content below 15g/L, irrigation quantity 180mm;
C, plastic mulching: treat that salt water ice melts fully to infiltrate behind the soil early spring, in time utilize mulch film to cover, suppress the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring to reduce evaporation;
D, grow seedlings and transplant: in little shed, utilize cellular paper web to carry out beet and grow seedlings, temperature is controlled at about 20 ℃, begins to take off canopy film refining seedling during height of seedling 3cm; Blades during transplanting that seedling is all wipe out 2/3rds, adopt perforated tape paper web transplanting on the film then, and planting system is planted for waiting line-spacing, line-spacing 40cm, and spacing in the rows 28-30cm, the 5500-6000 strain is counted in a mu strain, after planting, some water seal hole in the hole of planting;
E, growing season management: nitrogen fertilizer application before rainy season, the disposable effective content that applies is 34% coated urea 25kg/ mu; In time wipe out and treat insect pests and plant diseases weeds, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in the whole growth phase, guarantee the beet normal growth;
F, treat to gather when beet grows up to.
2. the method for the heavy saline land plantation in strand according to claim 1 beet is characterized in that: in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1.5m greater than 1m; Build the bar field, the bar field is wide 20 meters, length 500m; Ditch depth 1.5m, bottom width 1m, wide 3m suitable for reading.
3. the method for the heavy saline land plantation in strand according to claim 1 beet is characterized in that: in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1m, build raised fields, the wide 10-15m of raised fields, raised fields ground identity distance underground water 1.5m.
4. plant the method for beet according to the heavy saline land of claim 2 or 3 described strands; It is characterized in that: every reed handle of burying diameter 10cm at a distance from 10m underground on bar, raised fields; Buried depth 40cm, the draining reed than bar field or the long 1m of raised fields width, is buried length the two ends, back underground and is exposed in the drain ditch.
5. the method for the heavy saline land plantation in strand according to claim 1 beet is characterized in that: among the step B, irrigate with little water earlier and freeze, treat the face of land form stablize ice sheet after, once irritate the sufficient 180mm water yield, the salt water ice sheet is stablized in formation after pouring water.
6. the method for the heavy saline land plantation in strand according to claim 1 beet is characterized in that: among the step D, grow seedlings in late March, transplant mid-May.
7. the method for the heavy saline land plantation in strand according to claim 1 beet, it is characterized in that: the kind of beet is that KWS1044 or bus are gloomy.
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102771325A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2012-11-14 | 陈卫民 | Field investigation method for beetroot pest snout beetles |
| CN103141296A (en) * | 2013-04-06 | 2013-06-12 | 青岛农业大学 | Coastal heavy saline-alkaline land sweet potato high-yield cultivation method |
| CN103270831A (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2013-09-04 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Method for regulating and controlling sunflower water-fertilizer salt in slight alkaline land |
| CN103416385A (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2013-12-04 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Closed weeding method for beet paper tube seedling seedbeds |
| CN105453874A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-04-06 | 王伟 | Planting method for increasing sugar content of beet |
| CN106612691A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-10 | 北京师范大学 | Northern coastal saline and alkaline land rapid fertilizing method |
| CN106857156A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-20 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | A kind of technical method of strand hydraulic reclamation open ground low cost greening |
| CN107593023A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-19 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Salt-soda soil planting beet and the method for improveing clay fertilizer situation |
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| CN102771325A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2012-11-14 | 陈卫民 | Field investigation method for beetroot pest snout beetles |
| CN103141296A (en) * | 2013-04-06 | 2013-06-12 | 青岛农业大学 | Coastal heavy saline-alkaline land sweet potato high-yield cultivation method |
| CN103270831A (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2013-09-04 | 内蒙古农业大学 | Method for regulating and controlling sunflower water-fertilizer salt in slight alkaline land |
| CN103270831B (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2016-03-09 | 内蒙古农业大学 | A kind of slight alkaline land sunflower liquid manure salt regulate and control method |
| CN103416385A (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2013-12-04 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Closed weeding method for beet paper tube seedling seedbeds |
| CN105453874A (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-04-06 | 王伟 | Planting method for increasing sugar content of beet |
| CN106612691A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-05-10 | 北京师范大学 | Northern coastal saline and alkaline land rapid fertilizing method |
| CN106857156A (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2017-06-20 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | A kind of technical method of strand hydraulic reclamation open ground low cost greening |
| CN107750874A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-03-06 | 安徽徽大农业有限公司 | A kind of beet increases sugared high yield green planting method |
| CN107593023A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-01-19 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Salt-soda soil planting beet and the method for improveing clay fertilizer situation |
| CN107980453A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-05-04 | 钟有糁 | Make the method for red root beet on a kind of gentle slope forest land between tung oil tree |
| CN107980453B (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2020-03-31 | 钟有糁 | Method for intercropping red-root beets on oil trees on gentle slope forest land |
| CN108575625A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-28 | 张掖市农业科学研究院 | A kind of method and sugar beet improving sugar beet setting percentage |
| CN108617448A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-09 | 铜仁学院 | A method of improving salt-soda soil Sugarbeet Quality and planting benefit |
| CN108668806A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-19 | 铜仁学院 | A method of it plants sweet sorghum in Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta |
| CN111386783A (en) * | 2020-03-21 | 2020-07-10 | 温州科技职业学院 | System and method for improving saline-alkali soil through functional zone aggregate |
| CN114855494A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-05 | 中岭环保有限公司 | Honeycomb paper for agricultural or ecological restoration, preparation method and product containing honeycomb paper |
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