CN102299005A - Electric double-layer capacitor - Google Patents
Electric double-layer capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102299005A CN102299005A CN 201010601941 CN201010601941A CN102299005A CN 102299005 A CN102299005 A CN 102299005A CN 201010601941 CN201010601941 CN 201010601941 CN 201010601941 A CN201010601941 A CN 201010601941A CN 102299005 A CN102299005 A CN 102299005A
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- negative electrode
- anode
- layer capacitor
- double
- surface area
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Abstract
The invention provides an electric double-layer capacitor. The electric double-layer capacitor comprises at least one anode and cathode pair, a separator separating the anode from the cathode and electrolyte making the anode, the separator and the cathode soaked, wherein, the anode and the cathode comprise different surface areas. By controlling the electrode material to change the voltage change speed of the electrodes and / or the surface areas, the electric double-layer capacitor enables an increase in the operation voltage of the electrolyte and thus enables an increase in energy density.
Description
The cross reference of related application
The application requires the priority of on June 25th, 2010 at the korean patent application NO.10-2010-0060543 of Korea S Department of Intellectual Property submission, and its disclosure is incorporated herein by reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of double-layer capacitor, and in particular to owing to when realizing improved life characteristic, can have a kind of double-layer capacitor of high-energy-density with the resistance characteristic of the mode control electrode of widening operating voltage range.
Background technology
Generally speaking, double-layer capacitor (hereinafter referred to as EDLC) is to adopt to have the energy storage device of different electropolar charge layers to (that is electric double layer).EDLC bears semipermanent charge/discharge, needs short charge owing to it has good output characteristic with respect to general capacitor, and because its high durability and stability have the life-span of quite growing.Generally speaking, EDLC is provided with element cell, and this element cell is to construct by inserting separator and then the structure that obtains is immersed in the electrolyte between two electrode of opposite (negative electrode and anode).According to the quantity of electric charge that in electric double layer, accumulates, determine the electric capacity level of EDLC.Therefore, indicated as following equation, electric capacity can change according to dielectric characteristic:
C＝ε·S/d
Wherein, C refers to electric capacity, ε and refers to dielectric dielectric constant, S and refer to the surface area of electrode and D and refer to distance between the comparative electrode.
But the quantity of stored energy becomes ratio with the area of electric double layer.Therefore, the material such as the high specific surface area of having of activated carbon (specific area surface) is applicable to electrode.Yet,, therefore add conductive agent to activated carbon with high conductivity owing to have low conductivity such as the material of activated carbon.
Particularly, the electrode of EDLC is composed as follows: have the porous electrode material of many holes in its surface, so that cause the absorption or the desorption of electrolyte ion; Be electrically connected the particle of porous electrode material and the conductive agent that connects porous electrode material and metal current collector; And the adhesive of bonding above material.
Although this EDLC has better output characteristic with respect to general storage battery, as long as progressively voltage decline is just experienced in the discharge beginning, and therefore it has low operating voltage on each battery.Therefore, compare with general storage battery, EDLC has low energy storage density.
As in the storage battery, can think that also energy density (that is stored amount of energy) as energy storage index is to be used for the appropriate index of the amount of energy relatively at EDLC.Can be by obtaining energy density divided by the total capacity of EDLC by the energy level that following equation obtains.
Energy (J)=1/2CV
2
Wherein C represents the electric capacity (F) of each battery, and V represents to be applied to the voltage of battery.
Energy level and electric capacity V and voltage V
2Become ratio." C " determined by electrode material, and " V " determined by the electrolyte that uses.About this respect, developing electrode material with high capacitance (C) level and electrolyte at present with high voltage available level.
Summary of the invention
An aspect of of the present present invention provides a kind of double-layer capacitor, by the electrode material of control EDLC, can increase electrolytical voltage available level and therefore increase energy density.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of double-layer capacitor, comprising: at least one pair of anode and negative electrode; Separator, described separator make anode and negative electrode separate; And electrolyte, in described electrolyte, flood anode, separator and negative electrode, wherein anode has different surface areas with negative electrode.The surface area of negative electrode can be less than the surface area of anode.
Anode and negative electrode can have thickness much at one.
When charging and discharge, anode can have different voltage changing rates with negative electrode.The voltage changing rate of the anode that is recharged/discharges can be less than the voltage changing rate of the negative electrode that is recharged/discharges.
Anode and negative electrode can be different mutually aspect quality and thickness.
Anode can have the quality bigger than the quality of negative electrode.
Anode can have different packaging densities with negative electrode.
Anode can be formed by different electrode materials with negative electrode.
Description of drawings
From following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, above-mentioned and other aspects of the present invention, feature and other advantages are understood easier quilt, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of the element cell in the double-layer capacitor that illustrates according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the current potential time history plot (hereinafter referred to as " charging potential-time plot ") that is illustrated in battery during the charging operations;
Fig. 3 is the charging potential-time plot about the surface area of the anode therein battery bigger than the surface area of negative electrode;
Fig. 4 is the charging potential-time plot about the surface area of the negative electrode therein battery littler than the surface area of anode; And
Fig. 5 has charging potential-time plot that bigger surface area and negative electrode have the battery of less surface area about anode therein.
Embodiment
Now with reference to accompanying drawing, describe exemplary embodiment of the present invention in detail.Yet the present invention can realize with a lot of different forms, and should not be construed as limited to the embodiment that this paper sets forth.But, provide these embodiment to make the disclosure thorough and complete more, and will convey to those skilled in the art to scope of the present invention fully.
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of the element cell in the double-layer capacitor that illustrates according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
Double-layer capacitor according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention generally comprises one or more element cells.Construct this element cell by between two electrodes (being anode 20 and negative electrode 30), inserting separator 40 and then the structure that obtains being immersed in electrolyte.In this case, electrode is by mainly being that the electrode material that activated carbon is formed forms.
Particularly, by electrode material being squeezed into the plate form and, preparing electrode then with the plate punching press that obtains or cut into suitable dimensions.Alternatively, can be by electrode material being applied (coating) or being fixed to feed thin foil strips type metal current collector and, preparing electrode then with the structure punching press that obtains or be cut into suitable dimensions.
Conductive agent is used between the active carbon particle or being electrically connected between active carbon particle and the metal current collector.Conductive agent can adopt such as the particle of carbon black, acetylene black and fine graphite powders mutually conductive agent, such as the fiber of fiber and nanofiber conductive agent or above mixture mutually, be not limited to this certainly.
Adhesive is used for bonding between the active carbon particle or between active carbon particle and metal current collector.Adhesive can use polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), styrene butadiene rubbers (SBR) or above mixture, is not limited thereto certainly.
Can optionally add additive to electrode material such as decentralized medium.Decentralized medium can make water or such as the organic solvent of ethanol, methyl pyrrolidone etc., be not limited thereto certainly.
Fig. 2 is the charging potential-time plot about battery.Fig. 2 illustrates the potential change when the ultracapacitor of anode with identical surface areas and negative electrode is recharged.Determine cell voltage E according to the electrolyte decomposition voltage
BatteryBefore reaching the electrolyte decomposition voltage, the voltage of anode stops charging to battery.
Herein, " voltage changing rate " refers to be recharged at electrode/speed of change in voltage on the time per unit when discharging, and can be expressed as follows:
Voltage changing rate=| final voltage-starting voltage |/the time
Voltage changing rate is inversely proportional to the surface area of the active material of forming electrode.Surface area is big more, and then its time that reaches the same potential level is just long more.Therefore, voltage changing rate descends.On the contrary, surface area is more little, and then voltage changing rate then becomes big more.
Has in the situation of identical surface areas the voltage changing rate (e of anode at anode and negative electrode
+) equal the voltage changing rate (e of negative electrode
-).By t=(E
+/ e
+) calculate the time (t) that antianode charging spent (below be also referred to as the anode duration of charge).And, owing to before anode reaches the electrolyte decomposition voltage, stop charging, thus time of being spent of target charging be t (below be also referred to as the negative electrode duration of charge), this equates with anode.Therefore, can calculate the current potential of target charging by following equation:
E
-＝e
-×t＝E
+
That is to say that because negative electrode has identical surface area with anode, so negative electrode and anode are at the electric energy (E of duration of charge, voltage changing rate, charging
+) aspect is mutually the same, and come counting cell voltage by following equation:
E
Battery=E
++ E
-=E
+* 2
Fig. 3 is the charging potential-time plot about the battery of the anode with high surface area.With reference to figure 3, increase, operate as can be seen in the situation of the size constancy of its negative electrode simultaneously the variation of current potential in the size of the anode of EDLC battery shown in Figure 2.The increase of the surface area of anode reduces the potential change speed of anode.Suppose that the time that is spent according to prior art antianode charging is " t ", then increased " Δ t " because the potential change speed of decline makes among Fig. 3 anode reach the identical time that potential level spent " t1 ".Calculate the anode duration of charge by following equation:
t1＝t+Δt
Because target and anode charge simultaneously, so the negative electrode duration of charge equals the anode duration of charge.Therefore, negative electrode duration of charge length is " t1 ".Yet, consider that the surface area of the negative electrode among Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is identical, therefore compare the potential level of charging increase during time remaining time " t1 " with Fig. 2.That is to say that growing execution charging in the time period of " Δ t " than the time " t ", total potential level has increased Δ E
1=(e
-Δ t).Come counting cell voltage by following formula:
E
-1＝e
-×(t+Δt)＝E
-+ΔE
1
E
Battery=E
++ E
-1=E
+* 2+ Δ E
1
Compare with the voltage charging speed of negative electrode, the increase of the surface area of anode reduces the voltage charging speed of anode.Therefore, the duration of charge under electrolyte decomposition potential is expanded, and can increase cell voltage.
Fig. 4 is the charging potential-time plot about the battery of the negative electrode with little surface area.Compare with Fig. 2, with reference to figure 4, the surface area along with negative electrode reduces as can be seen, and the operation current potential increases.The reducing of the surface area of negative electrode makes the voltage changing rate of negative electrode increase.
e′-＝e-+α
That is to say that even carry out charging in the time period identical with Fig. 2, voltage charging speed also increases, thereby further increases the final charging potential of negative electrode.
E
-2＝e′
-×t＝(e
-+α)×t＝E
-+ΔE
2
Along with the voltage changing rate increase α of negative electrode, cell voltage is as follows:
E
Battery=E
++ E
-2=E
+* 2+ Δ E
2
That is to say that the reducing of the surface area of negative electrode makes the voltage changing rate of negative electrode increase.Therefore, the final charging potential of negative electrode increases, thereby makes cell voltage increase Δ E
2=(α t).
Fig. 5 has charging potential-time plot that high surface area and negative electrode have the battery of little surface area about anode therein.Compare with Fig. 2, with reference to figure 5, as can be seen the surface area of the increase of the surface area of anode and negative electrode reduce make cell voltage increase.
That is to say, because the increase of the surface area of anode, so anode duration of charge increase Δ t, and the negative electrode duration of charge also increases Δ t.
In addition, the surface area of negative electrode reduce make the voltage changing rate of negative electrode increase α.
Therefore, the final charging potential of negative electrode is as follows:
E
-3＝(e
-+α)×(t+Δt)＝E
-+α·t+e
-·Δt+α·Δt
＝E
-+ΔE3
That is to say that cell voltage is as follows:
E
Battery=E
++ E
-3=E
+* 2+ Δ E
3
That is,, make cell voltage increase by surface area that increases anode and the surface area that reduces negative electrode.
According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in order to increase the surface area of two electrodes, the relative ratios of control electrode material, the thickness with two electrodes remains on par simultaneously.In this way, increase electrolytical voltage available.
In order to change the surface area of electrode, the packaging density of electrode material can change.That is, different by the packaging density that makes negative electrode and anode, can make the surface area between negative electrode and the anode different with mass ratio.Different quality value between anode and the negative electrode makes the packaging density difference of electrode, and therefore whole surface area dissimilates.
Alternatively, in order to make the surface area difference of electrode, can use different electrode materials.Negative electrode has the electrode material of different surfaces area by use, even also can have different surface areas with anode when having same thickness.Because anode has different surface areas with negative electrode, so its voltage changing rate dissimilates, thereby cell voltage is increased.
When the integral surface area change of anode and negative electrode, the voltage change ratio of anode and negative electrode also changes.That is, use in the situation of aforesaid electrode material at battery, when the quality of anode increased, the integral surface area of anode increased, and descended with the voltage changing rate that makes anode thus.When the quality of negative electrode reduced, the integral surface area of negative electrode reduced, and increased with the voltage changing rate that makes negative electrode thus.
As mentioned above, the quality of anode can be greater than the quality of negative electrode.For this reason, the quality of anode can increase, and perhaps the quality of negative electrode can reduce.Alternatively, the quality of anode increases, and the quality of negative electrode reduces simultaneously.By increasing the quality of anode, the surface area of anode increases, to have reduced its voltage changing rate thus.In addition, can reduce the quality of negative electrode, with surface area and the increase voltage changing rate that reduces negative electrode thus.
＜embodiment 〉
In order to find out when charging and discharge, electric capacity carries out following experiment according to the variation of the mass ratio generation of anode and negative electrode.In experiment, be 50%, 100% and 200% of anode quality with the quality settings of negative electrode, and at each with 2.7V and 3.0V charging with discharge after 1000 times, check its capacitance variations.
[table 1]
| Anode: negative electrode | 2.7 | 3v | |
| 1∶2 | 60％ | 66％ | |
| 1∶1 | 18％ | 23％ | |
| 2∶1 | 3.8％ | 2％ |
Reference table 1, when the quality of anode be the negative electrode quality 50% the time, electric capacity reduces 60% or more.
When anode and negative electrode had identical quality, at about 2.5V place, after 1000 chargings and discharge cycle, electric capacity experienced the decline less than 5%.Yet behind 1000 chargings and discharge cycle, electric capacity reduces 18% at about 2.7V place, and reduces 23% at about 3.0V place as can be seen.
When the quality of anode be the negative electrode quality 200% the time, even at about 3V place, behind 1000 chargings and discharge cycle, electric capacity also only reduces 5% or still less.
This experiment discloses when the quality of negative electrode during relatively greater than the quality of anode, and when charging and discharge, electric capacity significantly reduces, and when voltage increased, electric capacity significantly reduced.In addition, when the quality of anode was the twice of negative electrode quality, electric capacity descended less than 5%.In this way, can significantly improve capacitance characteristic.
As mentioned above, according to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a kind of double-layer capacitor comprises: at least one pair of anode and negative electrode; Separator, described separator make anode and negative electrode separate; And electrolyte, in described electrolyte, flood anode, separator and negative electrode.Herein, anode has identical thickness with negative electrode, has different surface areas simultaneously.
In double-layer capacitor, change the voltage changing rate and/or the surface area of electrode by the control electrode material, make electrolytical operating voltage increase and energy density is increased.
Although illustrate and described the present invention in conjunction with an exemplary embodiment, apparent, under the prerequisite that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention that limit as claims, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. double-layer capacitor comprises:
At least one pair of anode and negative electrode;
Separator, described separator make described anode and described negative electrode separate; And
Electrolyte, dipping described anode, described separator and described negative electrode in described electrolyte,
Wherein, described anode has different surface areas with described negative electrode.
2. double-layer capacitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the surface area of described negative electrode is less than the surface area of described anode.
3. double-layer capacitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described anode and described negative electrode have thickness much at one.
4. double-layer capacitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein, when charging and discharge, described anode has different voltage changing rates with described negative electrode.
5. double-layer capacitor as claimed in claim 4, the voltage changing rate of the described anode that wherein, is recharged/discharges is less than the voltage changing rate of the described negative electrode that is recharged/discharges.
6. double-layer capacitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described anode and negative electrode are differing from one another aspect quality and the thickness.
7. double-layer capacitor as claimed in claim 6, wherein, the quality that described anode has is greater than the quality of described negative electrode.
8. double-layer capacitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described anode has different packaging densities with described negative electrode.
9. double-layer capacitor as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described anode is formed by different electrode materials with described negative electrode.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR20100060543 | 2010-06-25 | ||
| KR10-2010-0060543 | 2010-06-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102299005A true CN102299005A (en) | 2011-12-28 |
Family
ID=45359344
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201010601941 Pending CN102299005A (en) | 2010-06-25 | 2010-12-17 | Electric double-layer capacitor |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2012009806A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102299005A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103887083A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-25 | 太阳诱电株式会社 | Electrochemical device |
| CN112951615A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Super capacitor and preparation method thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000077273A (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2000-03-14 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Electric double-layered capacitor and manufacture thereof |
| CN1706014A (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-12-07 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Production method for electric double-layer capacitor |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH02847B2 (en) * | 1980-09-16 | 1990-01-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | |
| JPH0665206B2 (en) * | 1985-03-07 | 1994-08-22 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Electric double layer capacitor |
| JPS62232112A (en) * | 1986-04-01 | 1987-10-12 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Electric double-layer capacitor |
| JP3091373B2 (en) * | 1994-10-04 | 2000-09-25 | 株式会社ペトカ | Electric double layer capacitor |
| JPH10270293A (en) * | 1997-03-26 | 1998-10-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Electric double layer capacitor |
| JP3796381B2 (en) * | 1999-01-26 | 2006-07-12 | 株式会社エスアイアイ・マイクロパーツ | Electric double layer capacitor |
| KR20050055271A (en) * | 2003-12-06 | 2005-06-13 | (주) 신코퍼레이션 | Super electrochemical capacitor having different electric charge of electrode plate |
-
2010
- 2010-12-10 JP JP2010276211A patent/JP2012009806A/en active Pending
- 2010-12-17 CN CN 201010601941 patent/CN102299005A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000077273A (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2000-03-14 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Electric double-layered capacitor and manufacture thereof |
| CN1706014A (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2005-12-07 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Production method for electric double-layer capacitor |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103887083A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-25 | 太阳诱电株式会社 | Electrochemical device |
| CN103887083B (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2017-01-04 | 太阳诱电株式会社 | Electrochemical appliance |
| CN112951615A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | Super capacitor and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2012009806A (en) | 2012-01-12 |
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Application publication date: 20111228 |