CN102292112A - 吸收性物质 - Google Patents
吸收性物质 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102292112A CN102292112A CN2009801553413A CN200980155341A CN102292112A CN 102292112 A CN102292112 A CN 102292112A CN 2009801553413 A CN2009801553413 A CN 2009801553413A CN 200980155341 A CN200980155341 A CN 200980155341A CN 102292112 A CN102292112 A CN 102292112A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- cellulose
- acid ester
- weight
- ester
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 144
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 161
- -1 ethylsulfonic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 106
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 85
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical group [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- 150000003459 sulfonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzoic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ALYNCZNDIQEVRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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- OQXSRALAOPBHPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropanoic acid;silver Chemical compound [Ag].CC(O)C(O)=O OQXSRALAOPBHPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WUBBRNOQWQTFEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminosalicylic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(O)=C1 WUBBRNOQWQTFEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002306 Glycocalyx Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M dihydrogenphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- SAHQDLLFHZPWGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid;silver Chemical compound [Ag].CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O SAHQDLLFHZPWGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004517 glycocalyx Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- NBYLLBXLDOPANK-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver 2-carboxyphenolate hydrate Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)[O-].O.[Ag+] NBYLLBXLDOPANK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于制备吸收性制品、特别是深度创伤护理市场的敷料的吸收性物质,本发明的吸收性物质是磺化的多糖,特别是水不溶性的纤维素烷基磺酸酯,其中纤维素被一类烷基磺酸酯基取代。本发明还提供一种制备这些物质的方法。本发明所述的优选的纤维素烷基磺酸酯是纤维素乙基磺酸酯。增强纤维和/或抗微生物剂任选应用于本发明的纤维素烷基磺酸酯。
Description
发明背景
在深度创伤护理敷料中用作组分的吸收性纤维是本领域已知的,特别是基于海藻酸、羧甲基纤维素和羧甲基壳聚糖及其盐的纤维。
基于海藻酸或其盐的纤维的敷料对伤口液体具有良好的完全吸收性,但是由于需要使与纤维结构结合在一起的多价离子与伤口液体中存在的钠离子交换而导致吸收缓慢。尽管这种离子交换会使纤维在含离子的水性介质中溶胀,使得可以显著吸收液体,但是胶凝化的纤维缺乏机械强度,而且不能常规地以单片形式去除饱和后的敷料。通常,必须用盐水冲洗所述敷料,以将其洗去,这对患者而言是创伤性的。
羧甲基纤维素纤维也已经被用作深度创伤护理敷料的主要成分,它们对伤口液体也具有显著的吸收能力。它们优于海藻酸盐型敷料的优点在于,由于不需要离子交换使纤维胶凝,液体的吸收实际上是瞬间发生的。此外,基于高度结晶纤维素的那些纤维,例如Lyocell,特别是在EP0616650和EP0680344中描述的那些纤维,倾向于保持较高水平的机械强度,因此可以以单片形式从伤口部位除去。然而,这类物质的吸收能力强烈依赖于伤口液体的pH,在酸性pH下这类物质的吸收能力会显著地降低。这是一个严重的缺点,因为取决于愈合的情况,慢性伤口液体的pH范围可以是4-8。此外,已经认识到,人为地降低伤口环境的pH可以改善愈合结果。例如,已经发现(Tsioras等人,在Advanced WoundCare,San Antonio,TX,April 30,2006-May 3,2006的19th AnnualSymposium中的文章),应用包含pH 2.8的pH调节霜剂的伤口敷料减少了伤口闭合所花费的时间。在另一项研究中,当用pH 3.5的液体处理时,烧伤创口的愈合更为迅速(Kaufman等人,Burns Incl Therm Inj,12(2)84-90(1985))。的确,用于与吸收性敷料结合以降低伤口环境的pH的制品是在市场上已有销售。例如购自Smith & Nephew的具有约4.35的pH。
人们期望的吸收性敷料,可以在酸性pH下良好地起作用,优选可以在广范围的pH下良好地起作用。由于基于羧甲基纤维素的吸收性敷料不能在较低的pH环境下良好地作用,因此需要即时胶凝化的吸收性敷料,其能在较低pH的下连续地吸收达良好的水平。
人们期望用于吸收性敷料的吸收性纤维,可以由可再生资源获得、价格便宜、同时是生物可降解的。因此对于纤维素作为吸收性物质的可再生和生物可降解来源是非常感兴趣的。美国南方松木浆(pine fluffpulp)在个人护理工业中用作吸收性物质。但是,它通常与其他吸收性物质以及不可再生且不可生物降解的常用物质例如丙烯酸聚合物联合使用。这样做的理由是,所吸收的液体不能有效地保留在只由纤维素纤维制成的物质中。
可以通过磺化来修饰纤维素纤维,例如通过在构成纤维素骨架的脱水葡萄糖单体的一个或多个羟基上用烷基磺酸酯取代,从而形成醚键。这种类型的纤维素衍生物被称作纤维素磺酸酯或纤维素烷基磺酸酯。
市售的纤维素醚通常是水溶性化合物。特别是,已知纤维素乙基磺酸酯是水溶性的。
Herzog等人的美国专利4,990,609描述了高溶解性的纤维素乙基磺酸酯,是通过加入到烷化剂的纤维素中、然后加入碱来制备的。这种方法相当于SU757540中所述的用于制备纤维素乙基磺酸酯的两步法。
已经进一步修饰了纤维素醚磺酸酯,以产生水不溶性产物。例如,Glasser等人的美国公开专利申请2006/0142560涉及基于混合型纤维素烷基磺酸酯的吸收性纤维,其中纤维素被两种不同的基团--烷基磺酸酯基和羟烷基磺酸酯基--特别是乙基磺酸酯基和2-羟丙基磺酸酯基取代。人们相信,修饰后的纤维素的水不溶性是由2-羟丙基磺酸酯基的存在而引起的。
Shet等人的美国专利5,703,225涉及一种水不溶性的磺化的纤维素,即羟基磺酸基纤维素,其中磺酸基的两个硫原子和羟基直接与纤维素链上的碳原子相连。
为了适合用于伤口敷料,吸收性物质必须保持它们的完整性,因此是水不溶性的。迄今为止已经开发出的用作吸收性物质的水不溶性纤维素烷基磺酸酯的主要缺点在于,需要用至少两种不同的基团取代纤维素。与单取代基取代相比,额外的反应物和额外的处理步骤是人们不希望的,并有可能增加制造成本。此外,随着纤维素越来越多地被修饰,也会损害与天然纤维相关的益处,例如其可生物降解性。
发明内容
本发明人令人惊奇地发现,可以通过用仅一种类型的烷基磺酸酯来取代纤维素,由此制备水不溶性的纤维素烷基磺酸酯。
本领域技术人员将会清楚,可以根据本发明将其他多糖底物转化为烷基磺酸酯衍生物。例如,壳多糖和壳聚糖是基于D-葡糖胺单元的天然多糖,其在C3和C5位具有羟基,在这些位置上可以发生用烷基磺酸酯基取代的反应。此外,可以通过氮与烷基磺酸酯相连而在C2位的氨基上发生取代。
因此,根据本发明的第一个方面,提供一种吸收性制品,其包含作为吸收性物质的水不溶性多糖烷基磺酸酯,其中所述多糖被一类烷基磺酸酯基取代。
本发明的经修饰的多糖在伤口敷料中用作吸收性物质是特别有利的,因为它们显示了优良的液体吸收性和保留性,同时保持了其足够的完整性而能以单片形式被从伤口部位除去,没有刺激性,并且将疼痛和脱落最小化。与羧甲基纤维素一样,其吸收液体实际上是即时的,因为这些纤维不需要离子交换来变得胶凝化。但是与羧甲基纤维素相比,本发明的水不溶性多糖烷基磺酸酯是很有利的,因为pH改变只会对其吸收能力产生较小程度的影响。包含这些物质的伤口敷料可以继续在较低pH下吸收至良好的水平。
在本发明的吸收性制品的很多实施方案中,所述水不溶性多糖烷基磺酸酯是所存在的唯一的吸收性物质。这些实施方案不包含其他吸收性物质,例如水凝胶、离子交换树脂或其组合。
所述多糖烷基磺酸酯可以以纤维的形式使用。该纤维可以以广范围的长度,例如数mm,如2mm或5mm,至数十mm,例如100mm或更长来使用。但是,对于大多数应用来说,该纤维的长度是20-50mm。该纤维的线密度的优选范围为0.1-30dtex,更优选约0.5-20dtex,最优选0.9-3dtex。
当提到多糖烷基磺酸酯的“吸收性”时,我们是指所述多糖烷基磺酸酯吸收液体的能力。在所述多糖烷基磺酸酯是纤维的优选实施方案中,液体被吸收到内部纤维结构中,导致纤维膨胀。
但是,当测定本发明制品(包含多糖烷基磺酸酯)的吸收性时,我们测定了该制品吸收液体的总吸收能力,该值包括直接由各个纤维吸收液体的能力以及由于该制品的开放结构而吸收液体的能力。例如,液体会被吸入到空气间层中或各纤维之间的纤维间容积中。因此,总吸收能力对于织物内的纤维间容积的大小和相互连通性是很敏感的,因此对于其制备方法也是敏感的。
基于这种原因,无论纤维物质的化学性质如何,这些纤维都可以用作吸收性物质。甚至由非吸收性聚合物制成的纤维物质也能显示一定的吸收性,因为液体会被吸入到纤维间容积中。
测定制品的总吸收能力是确定该制品作为一些应用例如伤口敷料的吸收性物质的有效性的简便而有效的方法。然而,与现有技术记载的吸收性物质相比,本发明所述的吸收性物质的优点主要是由于所使用物质的化学性质和所产生的吸收性、尤其是使用了水不溶性多糖烷基磺酸酯(其中所述多糖被一类烷基磺酸酯取代)而产生的。
所述多糖烷基磺酸酯可以是纤维素烷基磺酸酯,下文的描述主要涉及本发明的这样的实施方案。然而应当认识到,也可以使用其他多糖。
所述烷基磺酸酯取代基的烷基部分优选是具有1-6个碳原子的低级烷基,优选甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基。优选所述烷基部分未被任何其他取代基例如羟基取代。所述烷基部分可以是有支链或无支链的,因此适当的丙基磺酸酯取代基可以是1-或2-甲基-乙基磺酸酯基。丁基磺酸酯取代基可以是2-乙基-乙基磺酸酯基、2,2-二甲基-乙基磺酸酯基或1,2-二甲基乙基磺酸酯基。更优选的烷基磺酸酯取代基是乙基磺酸酯。本发明并不意欲包括烷基磺酸酯取代基为2-羟丙基磺酸酯的纤维素烷基磺酸酯。
因此,本发明的一种优选的纤维素烷基磺酸酯是纤维素乙基磺酸酯,其中乙基磺酸酯或其一种盐通过一个或多个羟基连接到所述纤维素的脱水葡萄糖单元上。被一个乙基磺酸酯基取代的一个脱水葡萄糖单元的结构如式(I)所示:
式(I)并不是根据本发明制备的纤维素乙基磺酸酯的确切化学结构,因为取代可以以任何分布发生在纤维素大分子的任何羟基位置,直至达到可能取代的最大程度。
平均的取代度是指被烷基磺酸酯取代基取代的羟基位置的平均数目,或者换种说法,是指所述纤维素聚合物的每摩尔脱水葡萄糖单元中的烷基磺酸酯基的平均摩尔数。因此,当脱水葡萄糖单元在全部3个羟基位置都被取代时,最大取代度为3。如式(I)所示,当每个脱水葡萄糖单元中的平均1个羟基被取代时,取代度是1。
本发明的纤维素烷基磺酸酯的功能性性质取决于取代度、纤维素骨架结构的链长和烷基磺酸酯取代基的结构。溶解性和吸收性极大地取决于取代度:随着取代度的升高,纤维素烷基磺酸酯的溶解性变得越来越大。随之而来的是,随着溶解性增强,吸收性也增强。
为了可用于吸收性深度创伤敷料,如通过下文实施例1所述的方法测定的,所述吸收性物质的纤维优选具有的吸收性是至少8克/克(g/g)0.9%盐水溶液。本发明优选的纤维素烷基磺酸酯的纤维具有的吸收性是至少8g/g的0.9%盐水溶液,更优选至少9g/g的0.9%盐水溶液,最优选至少10g/g的0.9%盐水溶液。
只简单提供非粘附性创伤接触层的另一类创伤护理敷料,,有时被称作Tulle,它们不需要这么高水平的吸收性,因为它们可以用于显示较低水平的伤口渗出液产生的伤口上,或者有更具吸收性的层用于接触层的顶面。然而,这些接触层的关键标志是,它们不粘附到创面床上。包含织物吸收性超过2g/g的纤维素烷基磺酸酯纤维的织物材料提供了良好的接触层敷料,因为这些纤维充分吸收渗出液,从而形成了胶凝化物质以提供非粘附性的表面。因此,在另一个方面,本发明的纤维素烷基磺酸酯的吸收性大于2g/g、4g/g,或6g/g(的0.9%盐水溶液)
已经发现,对于纤维素烷基磺酸酯而言,平均取代度应当优选少于0.4,以使其基本上是水不溶性的。“基本上”在本文中是指当所述纤维素烷基磺酸酯暴露于过量的水性介质时,它不溶入溶液中,或至少是溶解度如此之低以至于对聚合物的性质没有显著影响。
平均取代度优选小于0.4,更优选小于0.3。在本发明的一些优选实施方案中,所述纤维素烷基磺酸酯的平均取代度是约0.05-约0.4,更优选约0.1-约0.3。
本发明的具有碳原子为2-6个的烷基的纤维素烷基磺酸酯可以通过在碱、优选在碱金属氢氧化物的存在下、在水性或非水性介质中,使纤维素与烯基磺酸酯或其一种盐反应来形成。具有1个碳原子的纤维素烷基磺酸酯,即纤维素甲基磺酸酯可以通过在碱、优选在碱金属氢氧化物的存在下,在水性或非水性介质中,使纤维素与氯甲磺酸或其一种盐反应来形成。
碱化和烷基磺化(在该情况下是醚化步骤)可以以一个步骤来进行,其中在一个反应器中同时加入碱和烯基磺酸酯或氯甲基磺酸酯(“一锅”法)。可替代地,碱化和烷基磺化可以在两个不同的反应步骤中进行,首先用碱、然后再用烷基磺化剂处理所述纤维素,或者首先用烷基磺化剂然后再用碱处理所述纤维素。
碱化和烷基磺化(不论是以一个还是不同反应步骤进行)优选在水性介质中进行。碱化和烷基磺化最优选在水中进行。一般优选避免使用有机溶剂,例如异丙醇、正丙醇、丁醇、甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、二烷、苯、甲苯、四氢呋喃、乙二醇和***。
通常希望采用一锅法,因为它们更简便、更快,并且能够通过减少反应步骤的数量来获得更高的收率。
当在一锅法中同时使用碱和烷基磺化剂时,为制备本发明的纤维素烷基磺酸酯,反应速率高于在不同步骤中进行碱化和烷基磺化的等效反应所观察到的速率。如上所述,取代的程度越大,纤维素烷基磺酸酯物质的吸收性就越大。因此,可以通过测定得到具有特定吸收度的产品的烷基磺化反应所花费的时间来确定反应速率。在实践中,要想在特定吸收水平下停止反应并不容易。然而,清楚的是,花90分钟达到14.2g/g的吸收性的反应要比花120分钟仅达到9.7g/g的吸收性的反应要明显快得多。
存在于反应混合物中的水的量也显示出会影响反应速率。降低碱化和烷基磺化同时进行的反应中的水含量会使反应速率显著增加。降低碱化和烷基磺化分别进行的反应的烷基磺化步骤中的水含量会增加反应速率,但程度较低。
一锅法也有望将纤维素在碱中的暴露减到最小,因此保持碱性,使纤维素的氧化变质降至最低程度。有必要在过程中最小化纤维素的变质,以确保修饰后的纤维素足够强地用作伤口敷料的吸收性物质,并切实最大化产物的干态强度和湿态强度。
然而,已经发现,取决于在反应混合物中使用的水的含量,通过一锅法制备的纤维的强度可以令人惊奇地和显著地比通过在不同步骤进行碱化和烷基磺化而制备的纤维的强度弱,
当在反应中使用较高含量的水时,与通过类似的两步法制备的纤维素烷基磺酸酯相比,通过一锅法制备的纤维素烷基磺酸酯具有令人惊奇的较低的纤维强度。该纤维太弱而不适合使用常规的无纺布处理法来处理。如果在反应中使用的水的含量降低,反应速率就会提高,纤维强度也会增强至可用的水平。但是,需要一定量的稀释剂是可行的,特别是在湿润纤维素以及确保恰好且完全反应方面更是如此。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供一种制备水不溶性纤维素烷基磺酸酯的方法,其包括将纤维素与碱和烷基磺化剂同时反应,其中所述唯一的溶剂是水,其中存在于所述反应中的水的重量小于所述纤维素的(干)重的1070%、优选小于1050%、更优选小于1030%。基于干重,在1027%水的情况下达到约15g/g的纤维吸收性。
存在于所述反应中的水的重量优选超过所述纤维素(干)重的200%、优选超过300%,更优选超过400%。因此,存在于所述反应中的水的重量优选为所述纤维素(干)重的200-1070%、优选300-1050%、更优选400-1030%。最优选地,存在于所述反应中的水的重量是所述纤维素(干)重的约1027%。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供一种制备水不溶性纤维素烷基磺酸酯的方法,所述方法包括下列不同步骤:
(a)用碱处理纤维素;
(b)将步骤(a)的产物与烯基磺酸酯或其盐、或者氯甲磺酸或其盐反应;和
(c)分离步骤(b)的产物;
其中唯一的溶剂是水。
当在步骤(b)中使用的水的含量超过所述纤维素(干)重的约1070%时,这种两步法是令人惊奇地有益的。
在本发明的另一个方面,提供包含所述纤维素烷基磺酸酯纤维的吸收性制品。当完全水合时,所述吸收性制品基本上是透明的。这在伤口护理应用中是有利的,因为无需去除该敷料就可以确定下方伤口的情况。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及包含本发明的纤维素烷基磺酸酯的吸收性织物制品,其用与水不溶性多糖烷基磺酸酯混合或结合的增强纤维强化。使用皮/芯双组分纤维是特别有利的,因为皮物质比芯物质在更低的温度下熔化,使得结合产生了较强的、不熔化的芯上部结构。在本发明中,令人意想不到地发现,当基于聚烯烃(优选聚丙烯芯/聚乙烯皮)的热塑性双组分纤维用于增强纤维素乙基磺酸酯纤维,甚至高达20重量%的水平时,所得织物的吸收性也不会被基本上非吸收性的疏水性增强成分所损害。此外,使用较低线密度的增强纤维使得纤维的重量降低,导致所述吸收性制品的透明度增强。
在另一个方面,当使用通过将16.6g的NaCl和0.74g的CaCl二水合物溶于2L水而形成的钠/钙试验溶液时,包含本发明纤维素烷基磺酸酯的吸收性织物制品显示的吸收性至少为15g/g。使用增强纤维优选不会损害吸收性,同时改善了湿态强度。因此,使用钠/钙试验溶液时,包含所述纤维素烷基磺酸酯纤维和增强纤维的复合产品的吸收性优选为至少15,16,17,18,19或20g/g。当如实施例9所述使用钠/钙试验溶液和Instron张力试验机时,该复合产品的湿态强度优选为至少1,2,3,4,5或6N/cm/100gsm(其中gsm是指克/平方厘米)。
在另一个方面,一种或多种抗微生物剂应用于本发明的多糖烷基磺酸酯纤维和吸收性制品。优选的抗微生物剂包括银和/或聚六亚甲基双胍(“PHMB”)。在本发明产品中的银阳离子的重量优选是约0.5-10wt%,优选约0.5-5wt%,优选约1-3wt%,更优选约1.5-2.0wt%。PHMB的重量优选是约0.1-5%,优选约0.1-1%,优选约0.5-0.7wt%。
本发明还涉及一种新的将金属离子(例如银)应用于纤维质产品例如纤维素乙基磺酸酯的方法。具体地,首先,在纤维不过早胶凝化的情况下,可以将银的水溶液(优选不包含有机溶剂组分)应用于纤维素乙基磺酸酯,条件是采用极少量液体且为精细分散的形式。这种应用可以通过将高浓度的银盐的雾化溶液喷雾来实现,以应用足够的银盐来有效地抗微生物;或者通过使用应用于纺织工业的典型的喷墨印刷技术进行数字印刷来实现。此外,作为第二步,在应用银盐之前、期间或之后,可以以相同方式应用第二种盐,选择该第二种盐,以使得当该第二种盐的阴离子与银以离子键结合时,形成在伤口液体中具有可控的和期望的溶解性的新的银盐,以便以有效方式释放银离子。使用不同的阴离子能够使人们如所期望的那样调节银的释放特性。
本发明的其他方面,以及优点及其从属的新特征,部分会在下文的描述中列出,部分会在下文的试验的基础上对本领域技术人员变得显而易见,或者可以从本发明的实施中知晓。通过在所附权利要求中特别指出的手段和组合可以认识和获得本发明的目的和优点。
附图说明
图1显示了如实施例8所述的与羧甲基纤维素(“CMC”)纤维相比时的本发明的纤维素乙基磺酸酯(“CES”)纤维的吸收性。
具体实施方式
在烷基磺化反应中使用47%NaOH溶液、25%乙烯磺酸钠溶液和不同量的水对制备本发明的纤维素烷基磺酸酯的方法进行比较。
当以所述纤维素的(干)重的1070%以上的水平使用水时,所述一锅法的反应速率显著更快,但是通过所述一锅法制备的纤维素乙基磺酸酯产品的细丝强度低于通过分别碱化和烷基磺化步骤的两步法制备的纤维的强度。的确,一锅法的产品的细丝强度对于想要有效用于伤口敷料用途的物质而言是太低了。
在包括使纤维素与碱和烷基磺化剂同时反应的制备水不溶性纤维素烷基磺酸酯的一锅法中,存在于所述反应中的水的重量少于所述纤维素(干)重的1070%,优选少于所述纤维素的1050重量%,更优选少于所述纤维素的1030重量%。
在两步法的第二个烷基磺化步骤中降低水的含量显示出可以提高反应速率。然而,使用较低含量的水进行该反应步骤并不总是可行的,因为随着烷基磺化剂体积的减少,润湿所述纤维素将变得越来越难。存在于所述反应中的水的重量优选超过所述纤维素(干)重的200%,更优选超过300%,更优选超过400%。在任何情况下,当在所述反应中使用较低含量的水时,优选一锅法。
当为较高含量的水时,两步法最适合制备具有适当纤维强度的本发明的纤维素烷基磺酸酯。优选地,存在于所述烷基磺化步骤中的水的量超过所述纤维素(干)重的1030%,更优选超过所述纤维素的1050重量%,最优选超过所述纤维素的1070重量%。
为了适合用于本发明,所述纤维素优选天然具有纤维性。所述纤维素纤维应当具有高度的结晶性和总取向性,以使所述纤维在衍生化处理后保持足够的强度,并使所得物质对于其预期的应用的强度足够强。
特别地,在碱化步骤中使用碱可以降解纤维素的骨架,导致链***并降低聚合度,因此在衍生化后产生具有较低强度的纤维。衍生化的纤维的干态强度必须足够,以便能加工成织造或非织造结构,并可以在伤口敷料中用作吸收性物质;所述物质的湿态强度必须足以允许以单片方式从部位去除。
特别适合用于本发明的具有高度结晶性的纤维性纤维素包括棉花或再生纤维素纤维,例如Lyocell。
本领域技术人员将会清楚,可以磺化特定的纤维素例如纸浆纤维,然后将所述磺化后的纤维素溶于适当的溶剂例如Lyocell溶剂或离子液体,将所述磺化后的纤维素旋转成纤维,或挤出所述磺化后的纤维素成薄膜或其他挤出物,以制备本发明的吸收性物质。此外,可以向该溶液中加入发泡剂,以制备泡沫化的吸收性物质。
可以通过用强碱、优选碱金属氢氧化物例如氢氧化钠处理来碱化所述纤维素。已经发现,47%氢氧化钠溶液是适当的。一般而言,碱的浓度越高且反应温度越高,反应的速率就越快。需要时应当平衡反应条件的强度,以避免所述纤维素底物降解。但是,所述纤维素的降解水平要明显低于在碱化所需的相对强的反应条件下预期的水平。当进行两步法时,在用第二烷基磺化步骤处理前,例如通过机械挤压所述碱化的纤维来除去过量的碱是有益的。
在采用2-6个碳原子的烷基磺化步骤(或醚化步骤)的情况中,所述反应包括将醇盐离子亲核加成到烯基磺酸酯特别是α-烯基磺酸酯或其盐上。所述α-烯基磺酸酯优选是其中烯基部分具有2-6个碳原子的低级烯基磺酸酯。优选α-烯基磺酸酯是乙烯基磺酸酯、烯丙基磺酸酯(1-丙烯基磺酸酯)、异丙烯基磺酸酯(1-甲基乙烯基磺酸酯)、1-丁烯基磺酸酯、1-甲基烯丙基磺酸酯(1-甲基-1-丙烯基磺酸酯)或2-甲基烯丙基磺酸酯(2-甲基-1-丙烯基磺酸酯)。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,所述α-烯基磺酸酯是乙烯基磺酸酯,更优选是乙烯基磺酸酯的钠盐,因此所述纤维素烷基磺酸酯产物是纤维素乙基磺酸酯。
乙烯基磺酸酯的钠盐在商业上销售的是约30%水溶液。可以通过本领域已知的方法将其引入以与纤维素或碱化纤维素接触,例如喷雾到纤维素上或者用搅拌器混合。向纤维素烷基磺酸酯的转化可以在最高达反应混合物的沸点的任意温度下发生,或者如果使用加压***则可以超过所述沸点。如果在较高温度下进行所述反应阶段,反应速率会增加。优选的范围是30-95℃,以在经济的时间内得到有用的取代度。此外,可以在整个反应的任意时刻引入新添加的反应物。可以通过控制反应温度、特别是通过控制反应时间来控制取代度。
乙烯基磺酸酯被认为危险性少于一些卤化反应物特别是氯化反应物,后者典型地用于制备当前用于伤口护理产品的吸收性物质。我们确定,在制备羧甲基纤维素中使用的氯乙酸是一种潜在的危险的烷化剂。不希望在制备过程中使用它,滞留于吸收性产品中的任何残留氯乙酸都是有害的,至少会导致皮肤刺激。与已知的其中纤维素被一种类型以上的烷基磺酸酯取代的其他水不溶性纤维素烷基磺酸酯相比,即使仅仅由于化学的相对简单,仅使用一种类型的烷基磺酸酯也会在安全性和除去残留反应物方面存在潜在的优点。
在反应已经进行到所期望的程度后,可以通过中和所述反应混合物,即通过加入酸降低pH至约中性来停止反应。所述酸可以是任何常用的矿物质或有机酸,例如分别是盐酸或醋酸。然后通过使用本领域已知的洗涤阶段来洗除纤维素烷基磺酸酯产物中的副产物和杂质。所述阶段包括用水、有机液体或其混合物洗涤。特别有用的是低级醇和水的混合物。可以通过在较高温度下洗涤来增强洗涤的效率。在洗涤后,可以期望在制备例如纤维素薄膜(玻璃纸)的通常实践中使用操作助剂例如甘油。这可以通过本领域已知的方法,例如浸泡、喷雾等来实现。
最后,应当干燥衍生化的纤维素制品,以除去前一阶段残留的液体,可以通过本领域已知的方法,例如强力风干、辐射热干燥等来进行干燥。
本发明的吸收性物质在水性介质中显示出即时胶凝化,良好的吸收性以及决定性的在酸性环境中的良好吸收保留性。这使它们可以理想地用作吸收性伤口敷料,或作为吸收性敷料的一部分。它们特别适用于具有中至高水平渗出液的伤口,并用于这种类型的扁平或空腔伤口。典型的例子包括褥疮和腿溃疡。
本发明的吸收性物质的应用并不限于伤口护理产品,它们有望用于很多其他用途。它们的吸收性质、生物可降解性和纤维素是可再生材料的事实,意味着本发明的纤维素烷基磺酸酯也特别有望用于个人护理领域,特别是一次性卫生制品例如尿布、一次性尿布和训练裤,女性护理产品例如止血棉塞、卫生巾或餐巾纸和气喘衬垫,以及失禁用产品。这些物质的化学方面的简单性和可用性能使制造这些制品的成本保持在有利的较低水平。
可以考虑其他医疗产品,例如外科和牙科棉球。这些物质也可以用于包装,例如在食品容器中作为吸收垫。
本发明的纤维素烷基磺酸酯可以根据已知方法制成广泛种类的形式,这取决于它们预期的用途。处理所述衍生纤维素的方式对于最终产物的性质,特别是强度、胶凝化时间和吸收性具有显著的影响。用于伤口护理制品的优选的纤维素烷基磺酸酯产品是梳理过的针刺结合的非织造物。
所述纤维素烷基磺酸酯可以与一种或多种增强纤维组合,所述增强纤维一般性地描述于Hansen,美国专利5,981,410,题为“Cellulose-Binding Fibres”;Stengaard等人,美国专利6,811,716,题为“Polyolefin Fibers and Method for the Production Thereof”;Jensen等人,美国专利5,958,806,题为“Cardable HydrophobicPolyolefin Fibres Comprising Cationic Spin Finishes”;将它们全部通过参考引入本文。优选的增强纤维是热塑性双组分纤维,最优选具有聚烯烃组分。因此,所述纤维优选包含含聚烯烃的聚合性物质,所述聚合性物质的最大部分(重量)由单烯烃例如乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯等的均聚物或共聚物组成。这些聚合物的例子是不同密度的等规或间规的聚丙烯、聚乙烯,例如高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯和线型低密度聚乙烯及其混合物。所述聚合性物质可以与其他非聚烯烃聚合物例如聚酰胺或聚酯混合,条件是聚烯烃仍然构成该组合物的最大部分。用于制备含聚烯烃纤维的熔化物也可以包含各种常规的纤维添加剂,例如硬脂酸钙、抗氧化剂、加工稳定剂、增容剂和颜料。应用热塑性双组分纤维的方法描述于EP0740554;EP0171806;Ejima等人的美国专利5,456,982;Davies,美国专利4,189,338;Davies,美国专利3,511,747;和Reitboeck等人,美国专利3,597,731,通过参考将它们引入本文。
热塑性双组分纤维可以是皮芯型的,所述芯是离心地(偏离中心地)或同中心地(基本上在中心地)定位的;或者是并列型的,其中两种组分分别典型地具有半圆横截面。也包括具有不规则纤维性质的双组分纤维,例如卵形、椭圆形、三角形、星形、多叶形或其他不规则横截面,以及可分叉纤维。所述双组分纤维典型地具有较高熔点和较低熔点的聚烯烃组分,分别包含聚丙烯/聚乙烯(所述聚乙烯包含HDPE、LDPE和/或LLDPE),高密度聚乙烯/线型低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯随机共聚物/聚乙烯或聚丙烯/聚丙烯随机共聚物。优选的热塑性双组分纤维可购自FiberVisions(Athens,GA)。适当的热塑性双组分纤维包含30,25,20,18,16,14,12,10,8,6,或4wt%或其间任意范围的所述复合吸收性制品。所述热塑性双组分纤维的优选的线密度是约1.7,1.9,2.1,2.3,2.4,2.6,2.8,3.0,3.2,3.4,3.8,4.0,4.2,4.4,4.6,4.8,5.0dtex,最高为16.7dtex或其间任意的范围。但是,已经令人惊奇地发现,当将高密度纤维(例如,4.0dtex)以高水平(例如,约20%)掺入到包含所述纤维素烷基磺酸酯的吸收性制品中时,不会损害该制品的吸收性。此外,使用具有低线密度的增强纤维可以降低纤维的重量,导致透明度增强。因此,在一个方面,所述热塑性双组分纤维优选占吸收性制品的约10-30wt%(更优选约10-20%,进一步优选约10-13%),并具有约1.7-4.0dtex((更优选约1.7-1.9dtex)的线密度。用于一起熔化所述纤维的温度典型地在90-162℃的范围内,优选约120-125℃。
在另一个方面,所述增强纤维包含Lyocell纤维。这些纤维一般包含通过有机溶剂旋转法得到的纤维素。优选地,所述Lyocell纤维是由纤维素纤维,使用各种胺氧化物作为溶剂产生的。具体地,含水(约12%)的N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(“NMNO”)被证明是一种特别有用的溶剂。制备Lyocell纤维的方法的例子描述于McCorsley等人,美国专利4,142,913;4,144,080;4,211,574;4,246,221;和4,416,698等。Jurkovic等人,美国专利5,252,284和Michels等人,美国专利5,417,909特别描述了旋转溶于NMMO的纤维素的挤出喷嘴的几何图形。Brandner等人,美国专利4,426,228是相当多的专利中的一个示例,描述了各种化合物用作稳定剂的应用,以防止纤维素和/或溶剂在加热后的NMMO溶液中降解。Franks等人,美国专利4,145,532和4,196,282解决了将纤维素溶于胺氧化物溶剂和达到较高浓度的纤维素的困难。将所有这些专利都通过参考引入本文。Lenzing制造的一种Lyocell产品现在作为纤维销售。将这些纤维素纤维包含于非织造结构中以有助于产品的完整性的方法是公知的,参见例如GB1207352,将其通过参考引入本文。在一个方面,所述Lyocell纤维占所述复合吸收性制品的26,24,22,20,18,16,14,12,10,8,6或4wt%或其间任意范围。所述Lyocell纤维优选具有的线密度为约0.7,0.9,1.1,1.3,1.5,1.7,1.9,2.1,2.3,2.4,2.6,2.8,3.0,3.2,3.4,3.8,4.0,4.2,4.4,4.6,4.8,5.0,10,15,20,25,最高达30dtex或其间任意范围。如下文实施例所示,已经令人惊奇地发现,当将低密度纤维(例如,约1.2-1.6dtex)以高水平(例如,约10-30wt%,优选约10-20wt%)掺入到所述复合吸收性制品中时,在改善湿态强度的同时还不会损害吸收性。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,纤维是以约15-20wt%、例如20wt%掺入到纤维素乙基磺酸酯非织造物质中的。
在另一个方面,将一种或多种抗微生物剂应用于本发明的纤维素烷基磺酸酯。优选的抗微生物剂包括银和/或聚六亚甲基双胍(“PHMB”)。
本发明也涉及一种将金属离子应用于亲水性、两性或阴离子聚合物的新方法,特别是用于医疗装置、伤口敷料或造口装置中的聚合物。特别适合本发明方法的材料包括成胶纤维例如(WO 93/12275,WO94/16746,WO 99/64079,和美国专利5,731,083),或在WO 00/01425或PCT/GB 01/03147中所述的那些;在非连续或多孔的皮肤接触层之后或之上的包含类似的成胶纤维的伤口敷料,例如(美国专利5,681,579,WO 97/07758,和WO 00/41661);(美国专利4,538,603),DuoDerm CGFTM(美国专利4,551,490和EP92999),或者两种或多种纤维的混合物例如(WO 95/19795)。本发明也适合包含羧甲基纤维素和本发明的纤维素烷基磺酸酯的其他物质。
适合本发明的这个方面的聚合物,包括但不限于,多糖类或经修饰的多糖类、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇类、聚乙烯醚类、聚氨酯类、聚丙烯酸酯类、聚丙烯酰胺类、胶原、明胶或其混合物。在优选的实施方案中,所述聚合物包含羧甲基纤维素例如羧甲基纤维素钠。在一个实施方案中,所述聚合物可以是包含羧甲基纤维素或海藻酸盐或者羧甲基纤维素和海藻酸盐的混合物的多糖。最优选用本发明的纤维素烷基磺酸酯进行涂层步骤。
具体而言,首先,在不使所述纤维过早胶凝化的情况下,可以将银的水溶液(优选不包含有机溶剂组分)应用于纤维素乙基磺酸酯,提供了应用的最少量的液体且为精细分散的形式。这种应用可以通过将高浓度的银盐的雾化溶液喷雾或数字印刷来实现,以应用足够的银盐而有效地抗微生物。此外,作为第二步,在应用银盐之前、期间或之后,可以以相同方式应用第二种盐,选择所述第二种盐,以使当所述第二种盐的阴离子与银以离子键结合时,形成了在伤口液体中具有可控和期望的溶解性的新银盐,以便以有效的方式释放银离子。使用不同的阴离子能够使人们如所期望的那样调节银的释放性质
例如,(羧甲基化的纤维素非织造物)包含高水平的氯,使得银可以以氯化银的形式存在,氯化银在水中的溶解性很有限。另一方面,磷酸银要稍微可溶,因此有望在水性环境中释放更高水平的银,因此,具有更有效的抗微生物效力。的确,可以通过加入一种以上的第二种盐以原位形成很多的银盐来调节银的释放,这些银盐分别具有不同的溶解性,产生了可控的银释放性质。
银的适当来源包括银盐,例如硝酸银、氯化银、硫酸银、乳酸银、溴化银、醋酸银、磷酸银、碳酸银、碘化银、柠檬酸银、月桂酸银、脱氧胆酸银、水杨酸银、对氨基苯甲酸银、对氨基水杨酸银和/或其混合物。
银的量应当足以在所述物质中提供期望的银浓度。在所述物质中银的最终浓度是例如,约0.1%-20重量%,其为占所得医疗吸收性制品的重量比。在一些实施方案中,银的浓度是所述吸收性制品的0.1-10%,1-10%,10-20%,5-20%,5-10%或0.1-1重量%。
所述第二种盐包含单价阴离子。适当的单价阴离子包括氯、溴、碘、柠檬酸根离子、硬脂酸根离子、水杨酸根离子、碳酸根离子、磷酸二氢根离子、硫酸氢根离子、草酸氢根离子、酒石酸氢根离子、苯甲酸根离子、甲磺酸根离子和对甲苯磺酸根离子。优选的第二种盐是磷酸二氢钠。应当认识到,第三种、第四种等盐可以如本文所述应用于所述吸收性制品。
现在通过下列的非限制性实施例来说明本发明。
实施例1:确定纤维的自由吸收性的方法
将纤维切成2-3mm的絮凝物,将切碎的0.5g纤维置于100ml带螺旋盖的瓶中。加入50ml试验液体(例如,0.9%盐水,典型地用于模拟伤口液体的离子强度),将该瓶振摇30秒以分散该絮凝物。然后将分散液通过配有直径42.5mm的Whatman 4号滤纸的47mm布氏漏斗过滤1分钟,使用真空泵,真空设置为超过0.8bar。然后去除纤维分散液并称重。用下式计算纤维的自由吸收性:
实施例2:确定单丝的断裂韧性和伸长性的方法
用张力试验机来进行干燥的单丝的韧性和伸长性测定,所述试验机配有用于紧缩单丝的适当狭口和适当范围的测力仪。
将样品放置至少4小时,在用于测定纺织品的标准大气压(20±2℃和65±2%的相对湿度)下测定。
根据制造商的说明书来平衡和校准该机器。从样品的不同部分随机取出细丝。通过适当的技术例如Vibraskop法来测定该细丝的线密度。然后将该细丝放置于张力试验机的狭口之间,并开始试验。使用下列条件:
试验长度:20mm
负载范围:0-10cN
十字头速率:10mm/分钟
记录纸速(当可用时):10-20mm/分钟
试验次数:10
在断裂后,还原十字头,检查细丝的断裂端,并从狭口处移去。如果狭口的断裂数超过10%则进行记录。
通常与统计学一起打印出各细丝的断裂负载(cN)和断裂伸长(%)。在打印出了各断裂负载的情况下,如下通过手算计算各个韧性结果或平均韧性:
平均韧性(cN/tex)=平均断裂负载(cN)×10平均线密度(dtex)
实施例3:使用两步法制备纤维素乙基磺酸酯Lyocell粗纤维的商品名为(由Lenzing制造),在25℃下将Lyocell粗纤维的3g样品浸渍于47%氢氧化钠水溶液中25分钟。然后挤压除去多余的氢氧化钠。再向该纤维中加入25ml 30%乙烯基磺酸钠溶液(Fluka Chemicals),并在91℃下加热90分钟。然后,通过滴加冰醋酸将该反应混合物中和至pH 7。然后从该纤维中挤压出多余的液体,在工业用甲醇改性酒精(“IMS”)和水(80∶20v/v)的混合物中洗涤该纤维2次。在60℃下干燥至恒重后,测定该纤维的吸收性。
使用如实施例1所述的方法,用0.9%NaCl的水溶液作为试验液体,得到的纤维自由吸收性值为11.1g/g。
实施例4:使用两步法制备纤维素乙基磺酸酯(SFM006/69)
在20℃下将纤维的2.5g样品浸渍于47%氢氧化钠水溶液中30分钟,然后挤压除去多余的液体。再向该纤维中倒入21ml乙烯基磺酸钠溶液(30%水溶液)。将包含纤维和反应物的容器在83℃下加热2小时,然后通过滴加冰醋酸来中和该样品,直至达到pH 7。然后从该纤维中挤压出多余的液体,用IMS/水(80∶20v/v)洗涤该纤维2次,最后在100%IMS中洗涤。在60℃下干燥至恒重后,根据实施例1所述的方法来测定该纤维的吸收性,用0.9%NaCl的水溶液作为试验液体。得到的纤维自由吸收性值为9.7g/g。
实施例5:使用一锅法制备高含水含量的纤维素乙基磺酸酯
将3g纤维浸入10ml 47%NaOH和25ml 30%乙烯基磺酸钠溶液的混合物中,并在83℃下加热75分钟。然后通过加入醋酸来中和该反应混合物,再移除该纤维,并在IMS/水(80∶20v/v)的混合物中洗涤,最后在100%IMS中洗涤。在60℃下进行干燥。
使用如实施例1所述的方法,用0.9%NaCl的水溶液作为吸收性试验液体,得到的纤维自由吸收性值为6.6g/g。如较低的吸收性值所证明的那样,该纤维明显弱于实施例6的纤维,尽管具有较低的取代度。
实施例6:使用一锅法制备低含水含量的纤维素乙基磺酸酯(SFM006/145a)
将3g纤维浸入13ml 30%乙烯基磺酸钠溶液和10ml 47%NaOH溶液的混合物中,并在83℃下加热70分钟。然后通过加入醋酸来中和该反应混合物,再移除该纤维,并在IMS/水(80∶20v/v)的混合物中洗涤,最后在100%IMS中洗涤。在60℃下进行干燥。
使用实施例1所述的方法,用0.9%NaCl的水溶液作为试验液体,得到的纤维自由吸收性值为11.9g/g。
实施例7:未衍生化的纤维素的吸收性比较试验
实施例8:本发明的纤维素乙基磺酸酯纤维与现有技术的羧甲基纤维素纤维在低pH下的吸收性比较
用0.9%盐水溶液作为吸收性液体,根据实施例1的方法测定根据EP0616650的教导制成的羧甲基纤维素(CMC)纤维的吸收性。然后通过加入37%HCl来连续降低盐水的pH,并在各pH下再次测定吸收性。
根据本发明由Lyocell纤维制得纤维素乙基磺酸酯纤维。在一定范围的pH值下,以相同方式测定它们的吸收性。
结果图示于图1中。可以清楚地看出,在低pH下本发明的纤维素乙基磺酸酯纤维保持了其显著更多的吸收性,我们相信这样增强了伤口愈合。
实施例9:20重量%的4.0Dtex双组分纤维-增强的纤维素乙基磺酸酯织物
在本实施例中,将根据本发明制备的纤维素乙基磺酸酯纤维切成50mm的原料,并以20重量%的比例与4.0dtex的40mm原料双组分纤维(ES-LOWMELTTM,由Fiber Visions制造)通过样品梳来混合。将所得网状物用针刺结合,然后通过在设置为125℃的再循环烤箱中加热10分钟来进行热结合。以相同方式制造不含增强纤维的比较用纤维素乙基磺酸酯织物,不进行热结合步骤。
通过从该织物中切出2.5cm宽×10cm长的试验样品来测定湿态强度。将该样品装入到Instron 3343张力试验机中,得到5cm的计量长度。然后用2.5ml的溶液A(钠/钙溶液)湿润该样品,保持1分钟,然后以100mm/分钟测定。通过将16.6g NaCl和0.74g CaCl二水合物溶于2L水来形成所述钠/钙溶液A。
通过如下方法主观测定透明度:在胶凝化的(0.9%盐水溶液)样品下面放置醒目的打印字体12pt Times New Roman,并对透明度从0(完全不透明,打印字体不可见)-10(完全透明,打印字体不失真)进行主观评分。
通过如下方法测定吸收性:将5cm×5cm的方形样品物质称重(W1)。然后在37℃下,将该样品置于培养皿的溶液A中30分钟。然后通过从一角拉起该方形使该方形脱离培养皿,使该样品脱水30秒。然后给样品再次称重,得到最终重量(W2)。通过(W2-W1)/W1得到该织物的吸收性。
表2:试验结果汇总
实施例10:10重量%的1.7Dt ex双组分纤维-增强性纤维素乙基磺酸酯织物
除了由于熔化皮成分需要的温度更高而在135℃下进行热结合步骤以外,以与实施例9类似的方式制备包含10重量%1.7dtex 40mm双组分纤维(ES-CURETM,由Fiber Visions制造)原料的根据本发明制备的纤维素乙基磺酸酯织物。另外如实施例9那样制备包含10%4.0dtexES-LOW MELTTM的织物。下表显示了结果:
表3:试验结果
湿态强度(N/cm/100gsm) | 透明度 | |
10%的1.7dtex双组分增强纤维 | 2.1 | 6 |
10%的4.0dtex双组分增强纤维 | 0.6 | 6 |
实施例11:20%的1.4Dtex Lyocell-增强性纤维素乙基磺酸酯织物
在本实施例中,以20重量%的水平将纤维掺入到纤维素乙基磺酸酯非织造物质中。我们发现,湿态强度得到了显著的改善,同时吸收性几乎没有收到损害。将本发明的纤维素乙基磺酸酯纤维切成50mm的原料,并以20重量%的比例与1.4dtex的50mm原料纤维(由Lenzing AG制造)通过样品梳混合。所得网状物用针刺结合。下表显示了结果:
表4:试验结果
如实施例9所述测定该织物的强度、透明度和吸收性。
实施例12:磷酸银喷雾法
在本实施例中,在不使纤维过早胶凝的情况下将银的水溶液应用于纤维素乙基磺酸酯。一般而言,将高浓度的银盐的雾化溶液喷雾到所述纤维素乙基磺酸酯上,以应用足够的银盐来有效地抗微生物。作为第二步,在应用银盐之后,可以以相同方式应用第二种盐,选择所述第二种盐,以使当所述第二种盐的阴离子与银以离子键结合时,形成了在伤口液体中具有可控和期望的溶解性的新银盐,以便以有效的方式释放银离子。
更具体地,由根据本发明制造的纤维制成的纤维素乙基磺酸酯织物的两个表面都用硝酸银的强的水溶液(19.2wt/wt%)均匀喷雾,使用专业的(artist′s)喷枪以最小化过早胶凝化。接着,用磷酸二氢钠的水溶液(20wt/wt%)向该纤维素乙基磺酸酯织物喷雾,得到约1.7%(仅银阳离子的重量)的银总重量。在长时间暴露于光亮后,该敷料变灰色。在称作Qualiscreen的表面抗微生物效果试验中,发现该敷料是具有抗微生物性的,即抑制超过99.9%的子细胞(抗甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌)形成。
在另外的试验中,将0.2g的纤维素乙基磺酸酯织物置于澄清的样品容器中,加入3ml新鲜的巴氏灭菌牛奶,用塞子塞住,并在37℃下培养。定时通过嗅觉评估容器中的内容物,出现令人不愉快的气味表明微生物开始生长,表明其中物质没有抗微生物活性。使用不含银的对照样品。89小时后,对照样品显示出微生物生长。甚至2880小时后,银处理过的纤维素乙基磺酸酯织物仍未显示出任何微生物生长。
实施例13:海藻酸银纤维混合法
本实施例描述了海藻酸银纤维与纤维素乙基磺酸酯纤维的混合物,使用的是在WO 02/24240中一般性描述的技术,将其通过参考引入本文。
通过下述方法制备包含约24重量%银的海藻酸钙纤维:将海藻酸钙纤维浸入水/丙酮/硝酸银的混合物中,然后用丙酮/水洗涤,最后用丙酮洗涤,接着在50℃下干燥该纤维。将这些纤维切成50mm的原料,并以一定比例与纤维素乙基磺酸酯原料纤维混合,以使银基于敷料的重量为约1.5%,然后梳理该混合物,并用针刺结合,得到约100gsm的针织织物。在长期暴露于光亮后该织物具有灰白色。
在称作Qualiscreen的表面抗微生物效果试验中,发现该敷料是具有抗微生物性的,即抑制超过99.9%的子细胞(抗甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌)形成。
实施例14:PHMB纤维素乙基磺酸酯
在本实施例中,通过实施例12所述的喷雾法来制备负载PHMB的纤维素乙基磺酸酯织物,使用20%PHMB的水溶液,得到基于敷料为0.6重量%的PHMB。将该敷料样品进行“牛奶试验”,该敷料保持了72小时的抗微生物性,而对照样品在24小时后微生物越来越多。
实施例15:低胶凝化非粘附性接触层敷料
将通过实施例1的方法测定的纤维吸收性为4.7g/g的纤维素乙基磺酸酯纤维切成50mm原料,然后梳理,并针织得到织物。通过下述方法测定该织物的吸收性,包括将5cm×5cm的方形样品物质称重(W1),然后在37℃下,将该样品置于培养皿的溶液A(钠/钙溶液)中30分钟。然后通过从一角拉起该方形使该方形脱离培养皿,使该样品脱水30秒。然后给样品再次称重,得到最终重量(W2)。通过(W2-W1)/W1得到该织物的吸收性。
通过从该织物中切出2.5cm宽×10cm长的试验样品来测定湿态强度。将该样品装入到Instron 3343张力试验机中,得到5cm的计量长度。然后用2.5ml的溶液A(钠/钙溶液)湿润该样品,保持1分钟,然后以100mm/分钟测定。
将具有12.9g/g的纤维自由吸收性的由纤维素乙基磺酸酯纤维制成的实施例11的高吸收性织物作为对照。吸收性和张力强度的结果如下表所示:
表5
可以看出,在接触层织物的情况中吸收性受到损害,但湿态强度显著改善。此外,该接触层织物显示了光滑感,启示与皮肤的粘附性较低。
实施例16:壳聚糖乙基磺酸酯
在25℃下,将3g壳聚糖纤维浸入40ml 47%NaOH溶液中25分钟,然后通过挤压除去多余的液体。将25ml乙烯基磺酸酯(30%水溶液)倒于该纤维上,并在83℃下加热120分钟。然后通过加入醋酸来中和该样品,然后用IMS/水(80/20v/v)的连续混合物洗涤,最后在100%IMS中洗涤。在60℃下干燥至恒重后,使用0.9%盐水溶液,通过实施例1所述的方法测定该纤维的吸收性。得到的值是3.7g/g。
我们预期,对反应条件做一些优化可以改善吸收性。例如,通过提高NaOH溶液的浓度和/或使用更高浓度的乙烯基磺酸酯(例如35%的水溶液)。
从上文可以看出,本发明适合达到上文所述的所有终点和目标,以及显而易见的和本发明内在的其他优点。由于可以做出本发明的很多可能的实施方案而不脱离其范围,应当理解,本文所述的或附图所示的所有物质都应当解释为是说明性的,而不能以限制的意义来解释。尽管已经显示和讨论了具体的实施方案,当然还可以做出各种不同的改变,本发明并不限于本文所述的部分和步骤的具体形式或排列,除非这些限制包括在后附的权利要求中。此外,应当理解,某些特征和亚组合也是可用的,可以参考其他特征和亚组合来使用。这是权利要求所关注的,也包括在权利要求的范围内。
Claims (43)
1.一种吸收性制品,包含作为吸收性物质的水不溶性多糖烷基磺酸酯,其中所述多糖被一类烷基磺酸酯取代。
2.如权利要求1所述的制品,其中所述多糖是纤维素。
3.如前述任一项权利要求所述的制品,其中所述烷基磺酸酯的烷基部分是低级烷基。
4.如权利要求3所述的制品,其中所述烷基磺酸酯部分是乙基磺酸酯、1-甲基-乙基磺酸酯或2-甲基-乙基磺酸酯。
5.如权利要求4所述的制品,其中所述烷基磺酸酯部分是乙基磺酸酯。
6.如前述任一项权利要求所述的制品,其中所述吸收性物质还包含与所述水不溶性多糖烷基磺酸酯混合或结合的增强纤维。
7.如权利要求6所述的制品,其中所述增强纤维包含与所述多糖烷基磺酸酯热结合的热塑性双组分纤维。
8.如权利要求7所述的制品,其中所述热塑性双组分纤维包含皮芯型,所述皮芯型包含至少两种聚烯烃。
9.如权利要求8所述的制品,其中所述热塑性双组分纤维占所述吸收性物质的10-30重量%,并具有1.7-16.7dtex的线密度。
10.如权利要求6所述的制品,其中所述增强纤维包含Lyocell纤维。
11.如权利要求10所述的制品,其中所述Lyocell纤维占所述吸收性物质的10-30重量%,并具有0.7-30dtex的线密度。
12.如前述任一项权利要求所述的制品,其还包含抗微生物剂。
13.如权利要求12所述的制品,其中所述抗微生物剂选自银和聚六亚甲基双胍。
14.如权利要求13所述的制品,其中所述多糖烷基磺酸酯包含纤维素烷基磺酸酯,其中所述抗微生物剂包含银,所述银通过使用第一银盐和具有单价阴离子的第二种盐来应用于所述纤维素烷基磺酸酯,其中所述第二种盐是在应用所述银盐之前、期间或之后使用的。
15.如权利要求14所述的制品,其中所述第一银盐选自硝酸银、氯化银、硫酸银、乳酸银、溴化银、醋酸银、磷酸银、碳酸银、碘化银、柠檬酸银、月桂酸银、脱氧胆酸银、水杨酸银、对氨基苯甲酸银、对氨基水杨酸银及其混合物。
16.如权利要求14所述的制品,其中所述银占所述吸收性物质的0.5-10重量%。
17.如权利要求14所述的制品,其中所述第二种盐的单价阴离子选自氯离子、溴离子、碘离子、柠檬酸根离子、硬脂酸根离子、水杨酸根离子、碳酸根离子、磷酸二氢根离子、硫酸氢根离子、草酸氢根离子、酒石酸氢根离子、苯甲酸根离子、甲磺酸根离子和对甲苯磺酸根离子。
18.水不溶性纤维素烷基磺酸酯作为吸收性物质的应用,其中所述纤维素被一类烷基磺酸酯取代。
19.一种制备水不溶性纤维素烷基磺酸酯的方法,包括将纤维素与碱和烯基磺酸酯或其盐同时反应,其中唯一的溶剂是水,其中存在于所述反应中的水的量少于所述纤维素的1070重量%。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其中存在于所述反应中的水的重量少于所述纤维素的1050重量%。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法,其中存在于所述反应中的水的重量少于所述纤维素的1030重量%。
22.如权利要求19所述的方法,其中存在于所述反应中的水的重量超过所述纤维素的200重量%。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法,其中存在于所述反应中的水的重量超过所述纤维素的300重量%。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法,其中存在于所述反应中的水的重量超过所述纤维素的400重量%。
25.如权利要求19所述的方法,其中存在于所述反应中的水的重量为所述纤维素的300-1050重量%。
26.如权利要求25所述的方法,其中存在于所述反应中的水的重量为所述纤维素的400-1030重量%。
27.一种制备水不溶性纤维素烷基磺酸酯的方法,所述方法包括下列独立的步骤:
a)用碱处理所述纤维素;
b)将步骤a)的产物与烯基磺酸酯或其盐反应;和
c)分离步骤b)的产物;
其中唯一的溶剂是水。
28.如权利要求27所述的方法,其中存在于步骤b)中的水的量超过所述纤维素的1030重量%。
29.如权利要求28所述的方法,其中存在于所述反应中的水的重量超过所述纤维素的1070重量%。
30.如权利要求19-29任一项所述的方法,其中所述烯基磺酸酯是α-烯基磺酸酯。
31.如权利要求30所述的方法,其中所述α-烯基磺酸酯是低级烯基磺酸酯。
32.如权利要求31所述的方法,其中所述烯基磺酸酯选自乙烯基磺酸酯、烯丙基磺酸酯、异丙烯基磺酸酯、1-丁烯基磺酸酯、1-甲基烯丙基磺酸酯和2-甲基烯丙基磺酸酯。
33.如权利要求32所述的方法,其中所述烯基磺酸酯是乙烯基磺酸酯。
35.如权利要求19-34任一项所述的方法,其是在不存在有机溶剂下进行的。
36.一种纤维素烷基磺酸酯,通过权利要求19-35任一项所述的方法制备。
37.一种形成吸收性制品的方法,包括:
将银盐的水溶液应用于亲水性、两性或阴离子型聚合物;
将包含第二种盐的单价阴离子的溶液应用于所述聚合物。
38.权利要求37的方法,其中所述聚合物包含纤维素烷基磺酸酯。
39.权利要求37或38的方法,其中所述应用包含单价阴离子的溶液的步骤是在所述应用银盐的水溶液的步骤之后进行的。
40.如权利要求37-39任一项的方法,其中所述银盐选自硝酸银、氯化银、硫酸银、乳酸银、溴化银、醋酸银、磷酸银、碳酸银、碘化银、柠檬酸银、月桂酸银、脱氧胆酸银、水杨酸银、对氨基苯甲酸银、对氨基水杨酸银及其混合物。
41.如权利要求37-40任一项的方法,其中所述银占所述制品的0.5-10wt%。
42.如权利要求37-41任一项的方法,其中所述第二种盐的单价阴离子选自氯离子、溴离子、碘离子、柠檬酸根离子、硬脂酸根离子、水杨酸根离子、碳酸根离子、磷酸二氢根离子、硫酸氢根离子、草酸氢根离子、酒石酸氢根离子、苯甲酸根离子、甲磺酸根离子和对甲苯磺酸根离子。
43.如权利要求37-42任一项的方法,还包括将包含第三种盐的第二单价阴离子的溶液应用于所述聚合物的步骤,所述第二单价阴离子不同于所述第二种盐的单价阴离子。
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Cited By (4)
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CN104768584A (zh) * | 2012-10-05 | 2015-07-08 | 特殊纤维及材料有限公司 | 吸收材料 |
US9884137B2 (en) | 2012-10-05 | 2018-02-06 | Speciality Fibres And Materials Limited | Absorbent materials |
CN108498842A (zh) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-09-07 | 东莞市联洲知识产权运营管理有限公司 | 一种用于体外创伤护理的医用敷料及其制备方法 |
CN108498842B (zh) * | 2018-05-15 | 2021-01-05 | 唐山市博世德医疗器械有限公司 | 一种用于体外创伤护理的医用敷料及其制备方法 |
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CA2744465A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
RU2014122324A (ru) | 2015-12-10 |
US20160114074A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
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EP2376132B1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
WO2010061225A3 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
IL213067A (en) | 2016-11-30 |
WO2010061225A2 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
CN104623717A (zh) | 2015-05-20 |
KR20110110134A (ko) | 2011-10-06 |
AU2009321305A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
IL213067A0 (en) | 2011-07-31 |
EP2376132A2 (en) | 2011-10-19 |
BRPI0920905A2 (pt) | 2017-05-30 |
CA2744465C (en) | 2017-09-19 |
KR101679440B1 (ko) | 2016-11-24 |
JP2012509731A (ja) | 2012-04-26 |
ZA201103830B (en) | 2016-08-31 |
AU2009321305B2 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
US9221963B2 (en) | 2015-12-29 |
RU2669557C2 (ru) | 2018-10-12 |
CN102292112B (zh) | 2015-06-10 |
SG10201406075RA (en) | 2014-11-27 |
BRPI0920905B1 (pt) | 2018-10-30 |
RU2011126177A (ru) | 2013-01-10 |
JP5581328B2 (ja) | 2014-08-27 |
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