CN102269826B - X-ray tomography inspection system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to X-ray tomography inspection system.A kind of x-ray imaging for checking article checks system, and including x-ray source (10), this x-ray source extends around imaging volume (16) and limits the multiple source points (14) that can therefrom guide X-ray to pass imaging volume.X-ray detector array (12) also extends around imaging volume (16), and is configured to detect the X-ray from source point through imaging volume, and produces the output signal depending on the X-ray detected.Transmitter (20) is configured to transporting articles to pass through imaging volume (16).

Description

X-ray tomography inspection system

The application is that international filing date is December in 2006 15, Application No. 200680051488.4, the division Shen of invention entitled " X-ray tomography inspection system " Please.

Technical field

The present invention relates to X-ray scanning.It is in the safety of luggage, parcel and other suspicious objects Investigation has particularly application, and it is equally applicable to other and suitably applies.

Background technology

Roentgenometer calculation tomographic (CT) scanner is existing in the safety investigation in airport Several years.Conventional system includes the X-ray tube rotated around a certain axle, and also with identical The arcuate X-ray detector that rotates around same axle of speed.The transmission of luggage is carried on it Band is placed in the suitable hole being positioned near center of rotation axle, and along with the rotation of ray tube Move along this axle.The fan beam of X lonizing radiation arrives X from radioactive source through object to be checked and penetrates Array of line detectors.

X-ray detector array records through object to be checked on several positions along its length The intensity of X-ray.One group of data for projection is recorded in each in the angle of many sources.By The X-ray intensity of these records, generally can utilize filtered back projection (filtered back Projection) algorithm forms tomography (section) image.In order to produce such as sack or bag The accurate tomographic image of the object wrapped up in, may indicate that and require that x-ray source penetrates through thing Each plane of body.In above-mentioned configuration, by the rotation sweep of x-ray source and its The vertically moving of transmitter carrying object realizes this point.

In this type of system, the speed that can collect tomography X scanning depends on Keep the rotary speed of the stand (gantry) of x-ray source and detector array.At modern CT In stand, whole ray tube-detector module and stand complete two to four turns by per second.This point Do not allow collection per second up to four times or the tomographic scan of eight times.

Along with the development of prior art, the X-ray detector of monocycle is by multi-ring detector generation Replace.This allows to use the filtered back-projection method adjusted from single sweep machine and come to sweep simultaneously Retouch and reconstruct many sections (slice) (generally 8).Along with transmitter is through imaging system The continuous moving of system, the helical form that radioactive source depicts around object scans mobile.This allows should With more complicated cone beam images reconstructing method, it can provide more accurate body image weight in principle Structure.

In another is in progress, in medical applications, illustrate swipe e-beam scanners (swept electron beam scanner), whereby also eliminating the machine of x-ray source and detector Tool scanning motion, is instead around the continuous loop of the X-ray detector of inspected object, And the mobile x-ray source produced owing to scanning electron beam around arch anode.This makes Image can be obtained more quickly than conventional scanner.But, owing to electron source is positioned at rotary shaft On, the most this swipe e-beam scanners is incompatible with transmission system, transmission system Itself is close with rotary shaft and is moved parallel to.

Summary of the invention

The present invention provides a kind of X-ray scanning system for checking article, and this system comprises: X-ray source, it extends around scan volume and limits and can therefrom guide X-ray to pass scanning Multiple source points of volume；X-ray detector array, it extends also equally around scan volume It is configured to detect the X-ray from source point generation through scan volume and depends on detection The output signal of the X-ray arrived；And transmitter, it is configured to transporting articles and sweeps to pass through Retouch volume.

The present invention also provides for a kind of networking and checks system, and this networking checks that system includes that X penetrates Linear scanning system, work station and be configured to connection scanning system being connected on work station Device, this scanning system comprises: x-ray source, and it extends around scan volume and limits can Therefrom guide X-ray through multiple source points of scan volume；X-ray detector array, it is same Sample extend around scan volume and be configured to detect through scan volume from source point X-ray also produces the output signal depending on the X-ray detected；And transmitter, it is configured For transporting articles to pass through scan volume.

The present invention also provides for a kind of sorting system for sorting article, and this system includes: It is configured to the multiple scanning areas scanning each article thus to produce the tomography of scanner output Photography scanner；It is configured to analyze scanner output and is based at least partially on scanner defeated Go out the analytical equipment of be assigned to by each article in multiple classification；Be configured at least It is based in part on the sorting equipment that they are sorted by the classification that article have been assigned to.

The present invention also provides for a kind of X-ray scanning system, and this X-ray scanning system includes: quilt The multiple x-ray source position being configured to around scanning area produce the x-ray source of X-ray； It is configured to detect first group of detector of the X-ray through scanning area；It is configured to detection Second group of detector in the X-ray of scanning area inscattering；And processing means, it is configured For processing the picture number exporting the image limiting scanning area with generation from first group of detector According to, analyze view data with the object identifying in image, process from second group of detector defeated Go out to produce scattering data and the some of scattering data is associated with object.

The present invention also provides for a kind of data collection system for collecting data from X-ray scanners System, this system includes: have the memorizer in multiple districts relevant to the respective area of image respectively； It is configured to receive from multiple X-ray detectors the data input of input data with predetermined order Device；Processing means, it is configured to produce and each district of image from input data Relevant X-ray transmission data and X-ray scattering data, and by these X-ray transmission data It is stored in suitable memory block with X-ray scattering data.

The present invention also provides for a kind of X-ray scanning system, and this X-ray scanning system includes: quilt It is configured to scanning object to produce the scan data of the tomographic X-ray image limiting object Scanner；And processing means, it is configured to analyze scan data to extract view data extremely Lack a parameter be assigned in multiple classification by object based at least one parameter described Individual.

The present invention also provides for a kind of X-ray scanning system, and X-ray scanning system includes: sweep Retouching instrument, scanner comprises: x-ray source, and x-ray source has to be swept with almost circular being arranged in Retouch multiple x-ray source unit that the ambient separation of volume is opened, each in x-ray source unit There is the target area of two different materials and be configured to produce the X of two kinds of different-energy frequency spectrums and penetrate Line, and detector, detector is configured to detect from the X of each in multiple target areas Ray is to produce two corresponding scanner outputs, and processing means, and processing means is configured to: Process the signal of self-detector, including combining two corresponding scanner outputs, many to produce Individual tomographic image data group, and be combined tomographic image data group producing The 3-D view of object.

Accompanying drawing explanation

It is only used as illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention referring now to accompanying drawing, at these accompanying drawings In:

Fig. 1 is the vertical of real time tomographic photography security scanning systems according to a first embodiment of the present invention Section；

Fig. 1 a is the perspective view of the x-ray source of the system of Fig. 1；

Fig. 2 is the plane graph of the system of Fig. 1；

Fig. 3 is the schematic side elevation of the system of Fig. 1；

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the data-acquisition system of a part for the system forming Fig. 1；

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the threat detection system of a part for the system forming Fig. 1；

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of baggage sorting system according to embodiments of the present invention, this baggage sorting System includes the scanning system of Fig. 1；

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of baggage sorting system according to another embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 8 a, Fig. 8 b and Fig. 8 c are the baggage sorting systems according to other embodiments of the invention Schematic diagram；

Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of networking baggage sorting system according to another embodiment of the present invention；

Figure 10 is the schematic plan of stand alone type scanning system according to another embodiment of the present invention Figure；

Figure 11 is the schematic side elevation of the system of Figure 10；

Figure 12 is the schematic side elevational of modularized scanning system according to another embodiment of the present invention Figure；

Figure 13 is the diagram of X-ray scattering events；

Figure 14 is the vertical section of security scanning systems according to another embodiment of the present invention；

Figure 15 is another vertical section of the system of Figure 14, it is shown that how to detect different scatterings Event；

Figure 16 is the cross section of the system of Figure 14；

Figure 17 is the schematic diagram of the data collecting system of the scanning system of Figure 14；

Figure 18 is the partial view of dual energy scan instrument according to another embodiment of the present invention；

Figure 19 is another partial view of the scanner of Figure 18；

Figure 20 is the schematic diagram of the double energy x-ray source of another embodiment of the present invention；

Figure 21 is the schematic diagram of the detector array of scanner according to another embodiment of the present invention；

Figure 22 is the schematic diagram of the detector array of scanner according to another embodiment of the present invention；

Figure 23 is the circuit diagram of the data acquisition circuit of the embodiment of Figure 21；And

Figure 24 is the circuit diagram of the data acquisition circuit of another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed description of the invention

With reference to Fig. 1～3, megaron baggage scanning system 6 includes scanning element 8, scanning element 8 comprise many focal lengths x-ray source 10 and X-ray detector array 12.Radiographic source 10 comprises place On each separate position on radiographic source and be configured in the complete of the axle X-X around system A large amount of source points 14 in 360 ° of circular array.It is appreciated that, it is also possible to use and cover less than complete 360 ° The array at angle.

With reference to Fig. 1 a, in the plane vertical with the moving direction of transmitter, x-ray source 10 Being made up of many source units 11, these source units 11 are arranged in scanning area with substantially circular The ambient separation in territory 16 is opened.Each source unit 11 comprises the conductive metal suppressor with both sides 13 and along the transmitter components 15 extended between suppressor both sides.Prop up above suppressor 13 Support has many grid elements of grid wire 17 form vertical with transmitter components 15.At net Support in another plane of the side relative with transmitter components of lattice wire and have focusing wire 19 Many concentrating elements of form.Focus on wire 19 parallel with grid wire 17 and with grid The interval that wire is identical is separated from each other, and each focusing wire 19 is corresponding to grid wire 17 An alignment.

Focus on wire 19 to be propped up on two support rails 21 extended parallel to transmitter components 15 Support, and separate with suppressor 13.Support rail 21 is electric conductivity so that all focusing wires 19 are electrically connected with together.In support rail 21 one is connected with adapter 23 and thinks focusing wire 19 provide electrical connection.Each the lower section in the side of suppressor 13 in grid wire 17 is prolonged Stretch, and provide the single corresponding electric connector electrically connected to for each in grid wire 17 25 connect.

Upper support at grid wire 17 and focusing wire 19 has anode 27.Anode 27 shape Become the bar of the generally copper of plating tungsten or silver, and extend parallel to transmitter components 15.Grid And focus on wire 17,19 therefore extension between transmitter components 15 and anode 27.Electrical connection Device 29 provides the electrical connection with anode 27.

In addition to the two grid wires 17 being connected with positive potential, grid wire 17 is all with negative Current potential connects.These positive grid wires from the extracted region electron beam of transmitter components 15, and, By focusing on the focusing of wire 19, electron beam is directed on the point on anode 27, this point-shaped Become this X-ray source point to grid wire.The current potential of grid wire therefore can at any time by Switching, so which to select be movable to grid wire, and selects anode the most at any time Which point on 27 is movable X-ray source point.

Radioactive source 10 be therefore controlled to individually from source unit 11 each in source Each in point 14 produces X-ray, and, referring again to Fig. 1, from each source point The X-ray of 14 is directed inwardly as through the scanning area 16 in circular source 10.Single by controlling (it controls the current potential that is applied on grid wire 17 and thus controls from source point 14 in unit 18 The X-ray emission of each) control radioactive source 10.

Other suitable x-ray source designs are illustrated in WO 2004/097889.Many focal lengths X-ray source 10 allows to use electronic control circuit 18 to select many focal lengths X to penetrate at any time Which in many single X-ray source points 14 in line source is movable.Thus, pass through Scan many focus X-ray tube electronically, produce in the case of not having mechanical part physics to move The illusion that x-ray source moves.In this case, the angular velocity that source rotates rises to make By the most irrealizable level during conventional rotational x-ray pipe assembly.This rapid rotation is swept Retouch and can be converted into the data acquisition equally accelerated, and be subsequently converted to quick image Reconstruct.

Detector array 12 is also round shape, and is configured in axially around axle X-X Slightly on the position in stray radiation source 10.Radioactive source 10 is configured to the X-ray guiding it to produce Detector array 12 towards the opposite side of scanning area passes scanning area 16.X-ray The path 18 of bundle is therefore along substantially or nearly vertical with scanner axle X-X direction through sweeping Retouch region 16, thus intersect near this axle.The volume of the scanning area of scanned and imaging because of This presents the form of the thin slice vertical with scanner axle.Radioactive source is scanned so that each source point Launching the X-ray corresponding period, this emission period is arranged with predetermined order.Along with each Source point 14 launches X-ray, can produce the signal of self-detector 12, this signal depend on into The intensity of the X-ray being mapped on detector, and the intensity that tracer signal provides in memory Data.When radioactive source completes its scanning, detector signal can be processed to form scanned body Long-pending image.

Transmission belt 20 is as shown in Figure 1 with the axle X-X of scanner the most from left to right Through imaging volume.X-ray scattering protective cover 22 be positioned at main x-ray system upstream and under Trip transmission belt 20 around, with prevent due to scattering X-ray cause operator radiation Dosage.X-ray scattering protective cover 22 comprises lead rubber bar shaped curtain in the end of their opening Curtain 24 so that the article 26 in inspection are dragged when entering inspection area passes a curtain And dragged when leaving pass a curtain.In the integrated system illustrated, it is shown that install Main electronic control system 18 in the lower section of transmitter 20, processing system 30, power supply 32 and cold But frame 34.Transmitter 20 is configured to typically scan by continuous print with constant transmitter speed Move and be operated, and typically there is in imaging volume carbon fiber framework.

With reference to Fig. 4, processing system 30 comprises electronic data acquisition system and real time imaging reconstruct is System.X-ray detector array 12 comprises and is configured to simple linearity pattern (such as, 1x16) Plurality of rows of single X-ray detector 50.Also being can for multiple ring patterns (such as, 8x16) Can.The output of each detector 50 depends on the signal of the intensity of the X-ray of its detection. Multiplexing block 52 multiplexing is from the output of each in input X-ray detector 50 Data signal, performs data filtering, gain and offset correction, and these data is formatted into height Speed serial stream.Select block 53 to obtain input from all multiplexing blocks 52, and only select whole The part required for image reconstruction in X-ray data.Selecting block 53 is also suitable X Ray source point determines unbated X-ray beam intensity I o, and (they will be with in many focus X-ray tube Each X-ray source point and change), by formed result log_e(Ix/Io) process from many X-ray intensity data Ix of road transmission block 52, then enter it with suitable 1-D wave filter Row process of convolution.The data for projection obtained is registered as sonar chart (sinogram), wherein, Utilize the pixel number along an axle (being level in this case) and the angle, source along another axle Degree (being vertical in this case) arranges data in an array.Then by data from selection Block 53 passes to one group of rear-projection summation processor elements 54 concurrently.Use has for selecting The precalculated coefficient of required convolution X-ray data and adding for quick rear-projection and summation The look-up table of weight factor, processor elements 54 is mapped to hardware.Format block 55 from multiple Processor elements 54 obtains the data of the image file representing single reconstruct, and by final output Image data format chemical conversion is suitable to produce on a display screen the shape of the suitably 3-D view of formatting Formula.In order to real-time or off-line are checked, can be in real time for the sufficiently fast real estate of image to be produced This output raw, thus, this system is referred to as real time tomographic photography (RTT) system.

In the present embodiment, multiplexing block 52 is encoded in software, block 53 He will be selected Format block 55 to encode in firmware, and processor elements is mapped within hardware.But, root According to the demand of particular system, each in these parts can be hardware can also be software.

With reference to Fig. 5, then processed use by the threat detection processor 60 in processing system 30 Every width in each luggage and articles finally exports image, and this threat detection processor 60 is configured to Determine whether the luggage and articles being imaged represent threat.In threat detection processor 60, input Tomography X view data 62 be passed to one group of low-level parameter extractor 63 (layer Level 1) in.Parameter extractor 63 identifies the area of the most constant gray level, texture and statistics The characteristics of image of information etc.Some extractors act on 2 single dimension image or the numbers of section According to, some act on 3 d image, and some act on sonar chart data.In the conceived case, Each extractor acts on same group of input data concurrently, and each extractor is configured to Perform different processing operation and determine different parameters.At the end of processing, by parameter extraction The parameter that device 63 determines is passed to one group of decision tree 64 (level 2).Extraction given below The details of parameter.Decision tree 64 obtains substantial amounts of (the most all of) low-level parameter respectively, And build the information of each more high-level with relevant statistical information, as about adjacent volume Information.In highest level (level 3), database searcher 65 will produce in level 2 The parameter of higher levels be mapped to represent and there is " red " probability P r (threat) and table threatened Show " green " probability P r (safety) of examined article safety.Processing system 30 utilizes these The article scanned are assigned to suitable security class by probability, and it is defeated to produce automatic sorting control Go out.It can be to represent that article are assigned to release (clear) classification that this automatic sorting controls output First " green " export, to represent that article are assigned to second " red " of " not releasing " classification defeated Go out or represent that the automatic sorting that can not implement have enough reliabilities is to be assigned to " open by article Release " or " not releasing " classification the 3rd " amber " output.Specifically, if Pr (pacifies Entirely) higher than predetermined value (or Pr (threat) be less than predetermined value), then generation to be had the The automatic sorting output of one signal form, represents that article should be assigned to green channel.If Pr (threat) is higher than predetermined value (or Pr (safety) is less than predetermined value), then generation had The automatic sorting having secondary signal form exports, and represents that article should be assigned to red channel.As Really Pr (threat) (or Pr (safety)) is between two predetermined values, then will produce The raw automatic sorting output with the 3rd signal form, article can not be assigned to red logical by expression Road or green channel.Also can be other output signals by probability output.

The parameter that will be determined by parameter extractor 63 general with 2 dimensions or 3 d image each individually Region in the statistical analysis of pixel relevant.In order to identify each the single region in image, Use statistics edge detection method.The method starts in a certain pixel, then checks adjacent Whether pixel is the part of the same area, thus is displaced outwardly along with region growing.Respectively In individual step, determined the mean intensity in region by the mean intensity of the pixel in zoning, Further, by the intensity of the next pixel adjacent with this region compared with this meansigma methods, with right Pixel in this region to be added determines its intensity this meansigma methods the most sufficiently close together.In this feelings Under condition, determine the standard deviation of image pixel intensities in region, and, if the intensity of new pixel In this standard deviation, then add it in this region.Otherwise, this is not added it to In region, and, this by this region edge limited for the pixel in this region with the most examined And the border being not added between the pixel in this region.

The most divide the image into multiple region, then can be with the parameter of measured zone.One this Plant the measurement that parameter is the variance to the image pixel intensities in region.If it is higher, this may table Show the block (lumpy material) that may such as find in homemade bomb, and if side Difference is relatively low, and this may represent the homogeneous material of such as liquid.

Another measured parameter is the deflection situation of the distribution of the pixel value in region (skewedness), the histogrammic deflection situation by measuring pixel value determines this deflection Situation.Gauss distribution (i.e. without skewed distribution) represents that the material in region is uniform, and high The distribution of degree deflection represents the inhomogeneities in region.

As it has been described above, these low-level parameters are passed up to decision tree 64, in these decision-makings In tree 64, determined by use, the parameter of more high-level builds the information of more high-level.One this The parameter of more high-level is the surface to volume ratio in the region identified.Another is similar degree Measurement, this similar degree is shape and the storage template shape in systems in region in the present case Cross correlation between shape.Shape of template is configured to correspond to having of such as gun or detonator The shape of the article of security threat.These high-level parameters are used to come really as explained above The fixed threat level caused by the object to be imaged.

With reference to Fig. 6, online (in-line) real time tomographic photography baggage sorting system includes Fig. 1 Scanning system 6, transmitter 20 is through this scanning system 6.In the downstream of scanning system 6, Sorting equipment 40 is configured to receive each part luggage from transmitter 20, and moves them into out Release or " green " channel transfer device 42 or do not release or " red " channel transfer device 44.By warp By control circuit 46 from processing system 30 automatic sorting output signal and also by from The signal of work station 48 (sorting equipment 40 is connected to work station 48 via circuit 45) controls Sorting equipment 40, automatic sorting output signal represent processing system 30 about article whether for opening The decision released.Image from scanning system 6 and the expression from processing system 30 are red and green The signal that the name of color probability and processing system 30 determines is also fed into work station 48.Work Station is configured to show image on screen 47 so that operator, it can be seen that them, and provide The display that the green and red probability of instruction and name automatic sorting determine.User at work station can Look back image and probability and automatic sorting output, and, if the decision of scanning system is intended to Article are assigned to redness or green classification, then decision is to accept or overthrow this decision, or Person, if scanning system determines to be intended to article are assigned to " amber " classification, then decision is This decision of no input.Work station 48 has and allows users to send signal to sorting equipment 40 User input 49, this signal can be sorted device and be identified as overthrowing the decision of scanning system.As Fruit is overthrown signal and is sorted device reception, then the decision of scanning system overthrown really by sorting equipment. Signal is overthrown, if or in fact receiving confirmation scanning from work station without receiving The confirmation signal of the decision of system, then article are entered by sorting equipment decision based on scanning system Row sorting.If sorting system receives " amber " signal relevant with article from scanning system, So these article are initially assigned to " red " classification of red channel to be placed into by it.But, If it receives from work station and indicates article to should be at " green before article are sorted by it Color " input signal of classification, then it by taxonomy of goods to green channel.

In the modification of the system of Fig. 6, sorting can be completely automatic so that processes system System provides in only two kinds sortings output " acquittal " and " not releasing ", thus is distributed by article To green channel or red channel.For processing system, it is also possible to determine by a threshold value Only one probability P r (threatens), and according to this probability whether higher or lower than threshold value by thing Product are assigned in two classifications.In this case, distribution is still provisional, and And operator still has the right to choose overthrowing automatic sorting.In another modification, do not having at all In the case of having user to input, the automatic classification of scanning system is used to distribute as final distribution. This provides a kind of full-automatic sorting system.

In the system of Fig. 6, scanning speed and transmitter speeds match so that can be by constant Speed from loading area (at loading area, luggage is loaded onto on transmitter 20) through scanning System 6 moves luggage, and is moved on sorting equipment 40.Transmitter 20 is in scanning system Extended distance L between outlet and the sorting equipment 40 of system 6.At luggage and articles at transmitter 20 The period of upper travel distance L, operator's observable is examined the view data of article and by sweeping The initial category distribution that the system of retouching determines, and confirm or refuse automatically determining of RTT system. In general, luggage then can be accepted to release on passage and forward to prepare transport, Or it is denied to not release on passage further to be investigated.

In the many focal length system of this RTT, RTT scanning element 8 can be by highest line Lee's belt speed Degree operation, thus need not luggage queuing for optimal system operation or other turns to machine Structure.In the integrated system of such as this system, the limited handling capacity of conventional rotational source system It it is significantly constraint.This often means that the CT machine placing multiple routine concurrently, and uses Complicated baggage handling system to be switched to next available machine by article to be checked.Pass through The configuration of Fig. 6, can avoid this complexity.

With reference to Fig. 7, the second embodiment of the present invention includes redundant system, in this redundant system, Two RTT scanning systems 70,72 are in series placed on same transmitter 74 so that as Fruit makes a system exit service, then another can continue to scan on luggage.In any one situation Under, transmission belt 74 can continue across under the operation tape speed of standard two scanning systems 70, 72。

With reference to Fig. 8 a, be provided with in the third embodiment concurrently two RTT systems 82 of operation, The more complicated redundant system of 84.First main entrance transmitter 86 is by all things to be sorted Product take the first sorting equipment 88 to, and article can be sent to two separately by this first sorting equipment 88 In any one in outer transmitter 90,92.Each in the two transmitter 90,92 All pass scanned item and make it possible to for whether releasing the scanning system that article are made decision 82, corresponding in 84.It is provided with in each in two transmitters 90,92 Another sorting equipment 94,96, this sorting equipment 94,96 is configured to baggage sorting to using On ' green channel ' transmitter 98 shared of onwards transmission, or do not released at these article In the case of be sorted on ' red channel ' transmitter 100, at this ' red channel ' transmitter On 100, it can stand further to investigate.In the configuration, can be by than RTT transmitter speed The speed of the twice that degree is high, commonly reach this speed runs input transmitter 86 and ' green channel ' Transmitter.Such as, in this case, main entrance transmitter 86 and shared ' green channel ' Transmitter moves with the speed of 1m/s, and scan transfer device 82,84 with the half of this speed is The speed of 0.5m/s is advanced.Of course, it is possible to extend this by the most parallel RTT system it is System so that the speed of main entrance transmitter is equal to or basic with the ratio of the speed of scanner transmitter The upper quantity equal to parallel scanner, although sort under greater than about 1m/s master transmitter speed Device may become unreliable.

With reference to Fig. 8 b, in another embodiment, baggage sorting system includes much RTT scanning Instrument 81b, 82b, 83b, reach about 60 the most in a system, each with accordingly Check-in platform be associated.Sorting equipment 84b, 85b, 86b are relevant to each RTT scanner, And luggage is transferred to its relevant sorting equipment from each RTT scanner on transmitter. Each sorting equipment 84b, 85b, 86b are responsive to be divided by luggage from the signal of its scanner Pick the refusal channel transfer device 87b of shared acquittal channel transfer device 88b or shared.Refusing It is provided with another standby RTT scanner 89b, this standby RTT on channel transfer device 87b absolutely Scanner 89b have luggage can be stayed refusal channel transfer device 87b on or send it to out Release the relevant sorting equipment 90b of channel transfer device 88b.

Under normal operations, each in single pass instrument 81b, 82b, 83b is to row Lijin's row sorts, and standby or redundancy scanner 89b are to being sorted to refuse the article in passage There is provided and further check.If this scanner determines luggage and articles, representative does not has or of a sufficiently low Threat, then it these luggage and articles are sent to release passage.If in single pass instrument One inoperative or break down, then its relevant sorting equipment is configured to from this All baggage sortings of scanner are to refusal passage.Then, back-up scanner 89b scanning is all These luggage and release passage and refusal passage between control its sorting.This makes in fault Scanner while being serviced or replaced all of check-in platform can continue to function.

With reference to Fig. 8 c, in another embodiment, from the luggage of each in check-in platform via Multiple single transmitters are sent on Central Circuit or endless belt conveyer 81c, in this transmission On band 81c, luggage circulates continuously.Many sorting equipment 82c, 83c, 84c are configured respectively For the luggage and articles of self-loop 81c in future be sent to be directed to corresponding RTT scanner 85c, 86c, The corresponding transmitter of 87c.Sorting equipment 82c, 83c, 84c are scanned instrument control system to control to go The speed of each that Lee's article are fed in scanner.From scanner, transmitter will be all Luggage and articles be sent to be directed to the outlet delivery device 88c shared of another sorting equipment 89c. By all of scanner to it be controlled with release passage 90c and refusal passage 91c it Between each in luggage and articles is sorted.

In order to follow the tracks of the movement of each luggage and articles, each article are given 6 numeral ID and works as Its position in transmission belt of record when these article enter system for the first time.Therefore scanner may be used Identify which part luggage and articles any one moment is scanning, and by scanning result with suitable Article be associated.Sorting equipment the most also can recognize that each luggage and articles scanning based on them They are sorted by result.

The quantity of the scanner in configuration native system and the speed of transmitter so that if scanner In one inoperative, then remaining scanner can process from check-in platform be fed to All luggage on the 81c of loop.

In the modification of the present embodiment, which article is selected to be sent to dividing of each scanner Pick device 82c, 83c, 84c not controlled by scanner, but be respectively configured as selecting Carry out the article of self-loop 81c to feed them into corresponding scanner at a predetermined rate.

With reference to Fig. 9, include the scanning of three and Fig. 6 according to the networked system of another embodiment Scanning system 108 that system is similar and four operator workstations 148.Sweep from three RTT Retouch system 108 video image output by the point-to-point video link of corresponding high bandwidth with to superfluous Remaining video switch 110 provides the real-time disk array of the volatile storage for raw image data 109 connect.Disk array 109 is connected with each in work station 148 again.Video switch 110 therefore, it is possible to the raw video image each from scanning system 108 exported is from it Temporary memory is sent to any one in work station 148, can be in order in this work station 148 With this raw video image produce can off-line viewing 3-dimensional video image.From scanning system Distribute the output of signal and the routine of redundancy for red/green probability signal and automatic sorting Ethernet switch 112 connects, this Ethernet switch 112 also with each in work station Connect.Ethernet switch is configured to each in probability signal and sorting distribution signal It is switched to same work station 148, as the video signal being associated.This permission will be from multiple The view data of machine receives operator's work together with automatically distributing and give the probability of this distribution Standing on 148 groups (bank), in this set, operator can monitor the execution of baggage screening system And determine the destination of the luggage being assigned to succinum threat level.

As an alternative, a kind of networked system includes the single scanning system being connected with server System 108 and work station 148.Video image from scanning system 108 export with for original graph As data provide the real-time disk array 109 of volatile storage to connect.Disk array 109 again with work Stand 148 connect.Probability signal and distribution signal are exported and to be regarded by the relevant of operator monitor Frequently image output is sent to work station 148 together.The single scanning system of networking can be There is a part for the networked system of multiple scanning system.

With reference to Figure 10 and Figure 11, in another embodiment, online (in-line) scanner has The transmission belt 160 just grown as main scattering protective cover 162.Join in this stand-alone system In putting, it is placed to transmission belt 160 for the article checked, and these article are loaded onto In system.Then pass through scanner machine 164 scanned item and produce image.At conventional system In, before the computerized axial tomography projection of the plane of the selection in object, usually pass with simple Send x-ray system that article are carried out Ported reflex, to identify possible threatening area.This application It is served only for real-time many focal length system.Here, do not use Ported reflex and whole article will be obtained True three dimensional image.

In certain embodiments, the track of the source point in many focal lengths x-ray source will be at only 180 degree Plus in the arc on the angular range of fan beam angle (typically in the range of 40～90 degree) Extend.Advantageously, select the quantity of discrete source point to meet Nyquist sampling thheorem. In certain embodiments, as in the fig. 1 embodiment, the source point of complete 360 degree ring is used. In this case, for given sweep speed, the time of staying of each source point increases, super Cross the configuration of 180+ fan beam, and this is favourable improving the aspect reconstructing signal noise ratio (snr) of image 's.

The beam scanner system of Fig. 1 is integrated scanning instrument system, this is because, there is scanning system System 8 and mask 22 unit in accommodate control, process, power supply and cooling unit 18, 30、32、34.With reference to Figure 12, it is provided with modular system in another embodiment, at this mould In massing system, control, process, in power supply and cooling frame 218,230,232,234 one A bit or all it is positioned remote from the scanning element comprising many focal lengths x-ray source and sensor array 208.Advantageously using modularized design so that installing, this is in luggage processes hall environment Especially advantageous, in this context, it is limited that system can be suspended on ceiling or be in access Region.As an alternative, whole system can be configured with and be co-located in single shell The integrated unit of multiple sub-component unit.

In some embodiments including the embodiment of Fig. 1, single X-ray is used to detect Device ring.Even if with simple fan beam image reconstruction algorithm structure under higher image scanning rate Building and providing enough noise performances is also inexpensively.In other examples (especially It is for bigger image reconstruction circular diameter), it is preferred to use multi-ring sensor array, should Multi-ring sensor array have along system deviation source axle separate, disposed adjacent one another many The sensor group of individual circle or part circular.This makes it possible to use in the processing system more complicated Cone beam images restructing algorithm.Use many ring sensors can increase the time of staying of each source point, Obtain bigger integrated signal size and therefore cause reconstructing the improvement of the signal to noise ratio of image.

Use the setting of above-described embodiment of computed tomography system based on many focal lengths x-ray source Meter center be radioactive source angular velocity of rotation and through scanner transmission system speed it Between relation.Under the limiting case that transmitter is static, the thickness of the image slice of reconstruct is complete Determined by the area of the size of X-ray focal length and each element of X-ray detector array.With Transmitter speed to increase from zero, inspected object will be worn in the rotary course of X-ray beam Cross imaging slice, and, the introducing in the image of reconstruct of the direction along slice thickness is added Fuzzy.In the ideal case, x-ray source rotates very fast compared with transmitter speed so that Fuzzy along slice thickness direction will be minimized.

For the purpose of the high probability detection to the threat materials in examined article and object, use Computed tomography system based on many focal lengths x-ray source in baggage check provides good The ratio of radioactive source angular velocity of rotation and transmitter linear velocity.As example, in the embodiment of Fig. 1 In, as common in airport system, transmitter speed is 0.5m/s.Radioactive source can be real Existing per second around the rotation of transmitter 240 secondary source, therefore inspected object will be worn in scanning process Cross imaging slice and move the distance of 2.08mm.The conventional system rotated in the source with 4 turns per second In system, inspected object will move through imaging slice under identical tape speed in scanning process The distance of dynamic 62.5mm.

It is to accurately detect threat materials for detecting the main purpose of the inspection system of threat materials Existence and let slip every other material when there is no suspicion.Due to transmission in scanning process It is the biggest along obscuring of slice direction that device moves and causes, then the part body in reconstruct image pixel Amass the image density more inaccuracy that artefact (artefact) is the biggest and reconstructs.The figure of reconstruct As the precision of density is the poorest, then system more likely non-threat material is given alarm and not to very Positive threat materials sends alarm.Therefore, compared with the x-ray system that conventional machinery rotates, Real time tomographic based on many focal lengths x-ray source technology photography (RTT) system can be higher The threat detection capabilities being obviously enhanced is provided under transmitter speed.

Owing to using the arch anode of extension in many focal lengths x-ray source, therefore can be to electronics Source switchs so that it jump on the overall length of anode rather than be scanned successively with Imitate the machinery rotation observed in conventionally calculation tomograph system.Advantageously, in order to Making the load of the transient heat on anode minimize, X-ray focal length will be switched so that current anode Radiation position maximizes to the distance of the radiation position before all.Make owing to transmitter moves The partial volume effect caused minimizes thus improves the process of the pixel precision of reconstruct further In, this instantaneous expansion of X-ray emission point is favourable.

The higher temporal resolution permission of RTT system realizes higher in automatic threat detection Precision level.By this higher precision level, can grasp in unserviced pattern Make RTT system, thus produce simple two State-outputs instructions, a kind of state and green or open Release distribution correspondence, another kind of and red or do not release distribute corresponding.Green bag is released for forward Transmission.Red bag represents higher threat level, and should coordinate and forbid this passenger trip with passenger OK.

Will now describe other embodiments of the present invention, in these embodiments, with X-ray Scatter relevant data and the data relevant with the X-ray being transmitted are recorded and for analyzing The luggage and articles scanned.

With reference to Figure 13, when the beam 300 of X-ray is through object 302, in X-ray Being directed through it and leave object, this object is along the direction phase entering object with these X-ray Advance in same direction.Some in X-ray are scattered by scatteringangleθ, and scatteringangleθ is that they enter The difference in the direction of object is left with them in the direction entering object.It is known that, it may occur that two kinds The scattering of type: concentrate on the relevant or Bragg diffraction around the angle of scattering of 5 °, generally 4～6 °, With X-ray by the incoherent or Compton scattering of bigger angle scattering.Bragg diffraction along with The atomic number of object is linearly increasing and obeys following formula:

N λ=2dsin θ

Wherein,

N is integer

λ is the wavelength of X-ray

D is the interatomic distance in object.

Therefore, the amount of Bragg diffraction gives the information of the atomic structure about object.But, It is not smoothly varying along with atomic number.

The amount of Compton scattering depends on the electron density of object smoothly varying with it, therefore, The bigger scattered quantum under scattering angle gives the information of the electron density about object, and by This gives the information about its atomic number.

With reference to Figure 14, security scanning systems according to another embodiment of the present invention includes and Fig. 1 In identical many focal lengths x-ray source 410, with equally the most identical with Fig. 1 circle detection Device array 412 and transmitter 420.But, in the present embodiment, system includes another cylinder Detector array 422, this cylinder detector array 422 with circular detector array 412 phase Same radius extends around transmitter, but is in the opposite side of radioactive source 410 vertically.Though So circular detector array is configured to the detection X-ray through object 426, but cylinder detects Device array 422 is configured to detection X-ray of scattering in object.Scatter detector array 422 Substantial amounts of circular array or ring 422a, 422b by detector are constituted, and the inspection in each ring Survey device to separate equably around transmitter so that they are configured to axially prolonging along scanner The many craspedodromes stretched.

Detector in scatter detector array 422 is energy-resolving detectors so that with each Each X-ray reciprocal action of detector can produce the detector output of the energy of instruction X-ray. Can be by broad-band gap III-V of such as GaAs, HgI, CdZnTe or CdTe or II-IV half The narrow gap semiconductor of conductor material, such as Ge or such as there is photomultiplier tube reader The compound scintillation detector of NaI (Ti) manufactures these detectors.

With reference to Figure 15, before scatter detector 422, it is provided with collimator 428.Collimator 428 provide obstacle, and this obstacle prevents X-ray from arriving each detector, unless X-ray is come From specifically receiving direction.As can be seen from Figure 16, for each detector in array 422, Receive the direction center longitudinal axis X-X through scanner.But, it can be seen from fig. 15 that receive Direction is not vertical with axle X-X, but along towards radioactive source 410 direction with the angle of about 5 ° to Detector rings 422a, the planar tilt of 422b.

With reference to Figure 15, it will be understood that incide in any one in the detector of array 422 X-ray must be from the path being positioned at X-ray beam and the reception direction from detector 422 Line on relatively thin imaging volume in corresponding sub-volume scatter out.For any The X-ray of coherent scattering, detects that its axial location of detector is by by scattering occurs The distance of activity X-ray source point determines.Detector closest to radioactive source 410 will vertically Detect and light, from movable x-ray source, the X-ray scattering farthest.Such as, from closest to living The X-ray of the some x scattering of dynamic X-ray source point 410a will by away from radioactive source 410 ratio from point Z (it is farther away from movable X-ray source point) acts the detector detection that the X-ray scattered is remote. Therefore, in any one moment, when movable X-ray source point can be identified, detect scattered The axial location of the detector of the X-ray penetrated can be used for determining the scattering along X-ray beam direction Position.

It can also be appreciated that to make system work from Figure 15, it is important that, should be along scanner The most narrowly focusing X-ray beam.Beam expansion transversely (the most transversely uses sector Beam launches) this location of coherent scattering event will be allowed.

With reference to Figure 16, owing to collimator 428 is directed at the axle of scanner, therefore, stand relevant dissipating Penetrate from movable source point 410a X-ray by be only positioned at scanner axle with movable Detector line 422a of the side that source point is relative detects, and, according to collimator how narrow It is focused in degree, may be detected close to one or more row in its row at either side Arrive.If X-ray is defined as the most straight but also narrow " form of a stroke or a combination of strokes " beam, then, due to by bigger Collimated device 428 is ended by any X-ray that angle incoherently scatters, therefore detected at all Less than any this X-ray.Arrow ' a ' in Figure 16 shows the example of this X-ray. But, if produced along the direction vertical with scanner axle through imaging from movable source point 410a The fan beam of X-ray that volume slice is launched, then point to scanner axle further away from each other X-ray can stand incoherent scattering and arrive the arbitrary of the row 422a relative with movable source point The detector of side.Arrow b and c shows the example of these X-ray.It should be noted that, in order to Arrive any detector 422b, it is necessary in the plane through scanner axle He this detector 422b Upper generation scattering events.It means that for given movable source point and specific detector, The position of the scattering events of detected X-ray can be identified as being located across scanner axle and being somebody's turn to do In the plane of detector.If the accurate location of scattering events to be determined, then need other Information.Such as, if the information about the position of the object in imaging volume is can be from the most disconnected Layer tomography imaging data obtains, then, as described below in greater detail, scattering can Relevant to most probable object.

By Bragg diffraction data, the scattering events detected for each, X-ray energy is with scattered The combination of firing angle degree can be used for determining the interatomic distance of the material that wherein there occurs scattering events d.Indeed, it is possible to suppose that scattering angle is constant, and use energy different to distinguish Material.For Compton scattering, the level from the scattering of each volume of scattering volume is given The instruction of the density of the material in this volume.Also can determine that the ratio of Compton scattering and coherent scattering And it is used as characterizing another parameter of the material of imaging object.

Due to the shorter time of staying for each X-ray source point, the therefore inspection of each source point The quantity of the scattered x-ray measured is the most considerably less, is generally less than five.In order to be formed rationally Coherent scattering signal, it is necessary to collect the scattering data of all source points in tomographic scan, Then the result of each subvolumes of accumulation imaging volume.For having the scanning of 500 source points The meansigma methods of one coherent diffraction scattering result of instrument and the every time every subvolumes of scanning, then, After accumulating one group of data, every subvolumes by have relative with this sub-volume in 500 results that 500 scattering events are corresponding.Typical sub-volume occupies in imaging plane The area of several square centimeters, ulking thickness is several millimeters.

Referring now to Figure 17, it is configured to accumulate the scattering detection of the scanner from Figure 14～16 The data collecting system of the data of device array 422 includes relevant to each in detector 422 Multichannel analyzer (MCA) 500.Each MCA 500 is configured to reception and carrys out self-detector Output signal, and in substantial amounts of X-ray energy scope or passage one distribution detection Each X-ray, and export the signal of the energy range indicating the X-ray of detection to fall into.Multichannel is multiple It is configured to receive from the output of each in MCA 500 with device 502.Also provide for it In there is the look-up table 504 of multiple entry, these entries are known for given source point and detector Wherein scatter the sub-volume in the imaging volume of X-ray.This system also includes comprising in a large number The image storage 506 of memory block 508, each in these memory blocks 508 with sweep Retouch each subvolumes in instrument imaging plane to be correlated with.

Automatically loaded data into respectively by multiplexer 502 under the guidance of look-up table 504 In individual memory block 508.Look-up table is mounted with before the scan by detector 422 and MCA 500 Each combinatorial mapping to the coefficient of corresponding picture position 508, each x-ray source position one Individual lookup table entries.Be in forward (i.e. lie substantially in photon before any reciprocal action from Radioactive source plays the direction of traveling) those pixels (i.e. detector 422) be assumed with about 4～6 The little beam angle record coherent scattered photons of degree.Those pixels 422 being not at forward are false It is set to the incoherent scattering photon that record causes due to compton effect,scattering.Thus, image is deposited Position in reservoir 506 actually " three-dimensional "-two dimension representative image, and the third dimension Degree keeps for coherent scattering (least-significant byte) and the scattering energy spectrum of incoherent scattering (most-significant byte). Look-up table 504 is also by about when every time projection being the data type collected of each MCA 500 Instruction multiplexer 502 so that fill suitable storage space.

The most scattering data be have collected for given scanning, just transfer data to above ginseng The main RTT data collecting system 512 illustrated according to Fig. 4, and made this by projection sequencer 510 Data are synchronize with main RTT data collecting system 512.Thus, the view data of reconstruct and scattering Data are simultaneously transferred to threat detection system, and this threat detection system can use it to determine suitable When analysis parameter.

For scanning every time, the tomographic image data from transmission detector 412 can produce The data relevant with the X-ray attenuation of each pixel of image, these data become with tomography again As the corresponding sub-volume of volume is corresponding.These data are obtained as described above with Fig. 4 as illustrating. Data from scatter detector 422 provide and the phase in each sub-volume as described above Do the relevant data of the amount scattered and the number relevant with the amount of the incoherent scattering in each sub-volume According to.Therefore can analyze in the threat detection processor similar with the threat detection processor of Fig. 5 These data.In this case, the parameter of the data of extraction can be with view data or scattering data Or the combination of the data of two or more type is relevant.From the example of the parameter of data extraction it is The ratio of coherent scattering and incoherent scattering, the material type determined from coherent scatter data, from non- The relevant pass of density of material that coherent scatter data determines, CT image pixel value and scattering data System.Further, may further determine that the scattering data corresponding with the parameter illustrated above for transmission data Parameter.

With reference to Figure 18, in another embodiment of the invention, it is used for producing tomographic image number According to transmission detector 512 be configured in different energy ranges measure X-ray transmission. This is realized by having two groups of detectors 512a, the 512b forming the ring around transmitter respectively A bit.The two group is positioned at different axial locations, in this situation along the direct of travel of transmitter Under, the two group is the most adjacent one another are.First group of 512a does not has wave filter before it, but Second group of 512b has the metal filter 513 between it and x-ray source 510.First Therefore group detector 512a detects the X-ray passed through in wider energy range, and second Group 512b only detects X-ray being in a narrower part for high-energy end of this scope.

Along with article to be scanned move along transmitter, first group of detector 512a can be used By its each thin volume or section run-down, second group of 512b is then used again to scan.? In the embodiment illustrated, use same radioactive source 510 to scan two adjacent volumes simultaneously, make Must by detector group 512a, 512b corresponding one collect in the two volume each Individual data.At the volume of article after two groups of detectors scanned twice, can use Two different X-ray energy scopes form two groups of view data, and each image comprises image The transmission data (and thus comprising attenuation data) of each pixel.Can be by from the first detector The view data of group 512b deducts the view data of the second detector group 512a, by these two groups of figures As data set altogether, the corresponding view data of low-energy X-ray component is obtained.

Can for the X-ray transmission data of each single energy range of each pixel record of image and Difference between the such as data of high-energy and low-energy two different range.Then may utilize These data improve the precision of CT image.Also can be used as in threat detection algorithm another Parameter.

It is appreciated that, it is possible to use other method is to obtain the X-ray energy of different range Transmission data.In the modification of the system of Figure 18 and Figure 19, can be two detector groups Upper use balanced filter.Select wave filter so that there is the narrow energy passed by they both sides Amount window.Then the view data of two group detectors be can be combined to obtain this narrow energy window Transmission data.This makes it possible to obtain chemical specific imaging.For example, it is possible to by using at calcium The wave filter balanced out around K-edge energy produces bone specific image.It will be apparent that can threaten Detection algorithm is efficiently used this chemistry particular data.

In another embodiment, do not use each single wave filter, and use for different energy Two groups of detectors of amount X-ray sensitive.In this case, use the detector of stacking, this A little detectors include to low-energy X-ray sensitive and allow that higher-energy X-ray passes thin Front detector, and the thick rear detector for the high-energy X-rays sensitivity through front detector. It is also possible to use the attenuation data of different-energy scope to provide energy special image data.

In another embodiment, with by using such as 160kV and 100kV in x-ray source Each section to object of two kinds of different X-ray beam energies realizing of different tube voltage Carry out twice sweep.The X-ray energy spectrum that different energy can be offset toward each other.Due to Power spectrum is relatively flat in part energy scope, and therefore power spectrum is in many portions of this scope It is similar on Fen.But it is possible to a part for spectrum will significantly change.Therefore, it is possible to use two Plant the movement images of tube voltage to identify the object portion of the notable change of decay between this two width image Point.This therefore in the narrow power spectrum part changed between images identify have highly attenuating Image district.Therefore this be that the energy of each in the sub-volume in the scanned volume of acquisition is specific The alternative of attenuation data.

With reference to Figure 20, in another embodiment of the invention, by having two kinds of different materials The X-ray tube of the target area 602,604 of material arranges anode 600, produces two kinds of different X Ray energy spectrum.In this case, such as, anode comprises and has tungsten target area 602 He The cuprio 606 of one uranium target area 604.Electron source 610 has can be activated individually by big The source point 612 of amount.Couple positioned opposite in the path of electron beam 616 has pair of electrodes 612,614, This electrode 612,614 is controlled to the path being open and shut off electric field to control electron beam, makes Obtain it and clash into one or the other in target area 602,604.The X produced on anode penetrates Which struck in target area according to electron beam 616 is above changed by the power spectrum of line.

The present embodiment uses the x-ray source similar with the x-ray source of Fig. 1 a, different targets District is formed as the parallel stripes extended along anode 27.For the electronics source point of each activity, according to Use which kind of target material, two kinds of different X-ray spectrums can be produced.Radioactive source can be configured For switching between two target areas of each electronics source point when it is movable.As an alternative, The scanning twice along anode 27 can be performed, once for a kind of target material, once for separately A kind of.In either case, it may be necessary to other Electron Beam Focusing wire is to guarantee electronics Shu Yici only irradiates one or the other target material.

According to the angle from anode extraction X-ray beam, from two target areas 602,604 Beam can be configured to pass through same imaging volume shared detector in some cases Array detection.As an alternative, they can be configured to pass through adjacent the cutting of imaging volume Sheet is also detected by each single detector array.In such a case, it is possible to press and Figure 18 The similar mode of configuration at article together with transmitter through each of out-of-date scanning imagery article Part twice.

With reference to Figure 21, in a further embodiment, arrange the most each other in single scanner Two adjacent detector arrays, the detector array pair of a detector array 710 and Fig. 1 And should be configured to form RTT image, another detector array 712 has higher resolution Rate is also configured to produce the high-resolution projection picture of scanned object.In the present embodiment, High-resolution detector array 712 includes two parallel linear arraies 714,716, the two Each in linear array 714,716 is configured to detect the X-ray of different energy, Allow to produce double energy projection picture.In the embodiment of Figure 22, high resolution ratio array 812 arrays including two stackings, i.e. above being configured to detects more low-yield X Ray and thin array to higher-energy X-ray transparent, and be positioned at lower section be configured to detection The thicker array of higher-energy X-ray.In both cases, two detector arrays are all joined It is set to sufficiently close to vertically, so that the X-ray of the single linear array from source point can be detected.

In order to provide projection picture, when only one of which source point activity, need from high-resolution battle array All detectors capture data in row 712,812.With reference to Figure 23, to achieve it, Each detector 718,818 in high resolution ratio array is connected with integrator 750.Integrator bag Include the amplifier 752 in parallel with capacitor 754.Between detector 718 and amplifier 752 Input switch 756 is set, at the input terminal two ends of amplifier, reset switch 758 is set, at electricity Container 754 two ends connect another reset switch 759, and at integrator and analog-digital converter Multiplexer switch 760 is set between ADC.

In operation, when need not detector 718 and being movable, close except multiplexer switch 760 All switches in addition.This guarantees that capacitor 754 is not charged and keeps intact.Then, exist When requiring the beginning of period of detector collection data, close two reset switches 758,759, Make the increasing of electric charge that any X-ray detected by detector 718 will cause on capacitor 754 Add, this integration that can obtain carrying out the signal of self-detector 718.When the period for data acquisition At the end of, open input switch 756 so that holding is charged by capacitor.Then, in order to from Integrator reads integrated signal, closes output switch 760 to be connected with ADC by integrator. So providing analogue signal to ADC, this analogue signal is by the electric charge on capacitor 754 Level determines, and thereby indicate that detector 718 detected during the period being connected with integrator The quantity of the X-ray arrived.Then this analogue signal is converted into for being input to data by ADC The digital signal of acquisition system.In order to produce single width projection picture, in X-ray source point During individual activity, use all of high-resolution detector to collect data simultaneously.

With reference to Figure 24, in another embodiment, each detector 718 and in parallel two integrations Device 750a, 750b connect, each in the two integrator 750a, 750b and Figure 23 Integrator identical.From the two integrator output via they output switch 760a, 760b with ADC is connected.This makes each integrator can be configured to sweeping at x-ray source Carry out the signal of self-detector 718 in retouching in different some upper integrals, and therefore collect individually figure The data of picture, this two width image by different X-ray source points from different angles.Such as, It can be used to produce several projection pictures from orthogonal direction, and these projection pictures can be used for structure Build high-resolution 3 d image, by this high-resolution 3 d image, can in three dimensions really The position of the feature being surely imaged in parcel.

Owing to high-definition picture can help to identify the thing needing high-resolution of such as filament Product, can be therefore useful when it combines with RTT image.

Claims (14)

1. an X-ray scanning system, described X-ray scanning system includes:

(a) scanner, described scanner comprises:

I () x-ray source, described x-ray source includes being arranged in scanning with almost circular Multiple x-ray source unit that the ambient separation of volume is opened, each in x-ray source unit Including anode and the multiple electronics source points that can be activated individually by, wherein two of different materials Target area is formed on described anode and is configured to produce the X of two kinds of different-energy frequency spectrums Ray, each of which electronics source point is configured to when activity in said two target area it Between switch, and

(ii) multiple detectors, the plurality of detector is configured to detection from described mesh The X-ray of each in mark district, each of which detector is connected to two integrators, And each integrator be configured in the scanning of x-ray source difference upper integral from The signal of detector, thus produces two corresponding scanner outputs, and

(b) processing means, described processing means is configured to:

I () processes the signal of self-detector, including combining, two corresponding scanneies are defeated Go out, to produce multiple tomographic image data group, and

(ii) described tomographic image data group is combined producing the three-dimensional of object Image.

X-ray scanning system the most according to claim 1, wherein said detector bag Include and be configured to detect the detector shared from the X-ray of each in described target area Array.

X-ray scanning system the most according to claim 1, wherein said detector bag Include two detector arrays being each configured to detect the X-ray from one of described target area Row.

X-ray scanning system the most according to claim 2, wherein said detector array Row are circular array.

X-ray scanning system the most according to claim 3, the most each detector array Row are circular array.

6. according to the X-ray scanning system according to any one of claim 1-5, wherein said Target area is formed as the parallel stripes extended along anode.

X-ray scanning system the most according to claim 1, wherein said electronics source point It is configured to produce electron beam, and described x-ray source is additionally included in the phase in path of electron beam The electrode pair that offside is arranged, described electrode is to being controlled to be open and shut off electric field with control The path of electron beam processed is so that electron beam clashes into one or the other of described target area.

8. according to the X-ray scanning system according to any one of claim 1-5, wherein said Detector extends around scan volume, and described x-ray source is configured to guide X-ray Through described scan volume.

9. according to the X-ray scanning system according to any one of claim 1-5, also include by It is configured to transporting articles to pass through the transmitter of scan volume.

10., according to the X-ray scanning system according to any one of claim 1-5, wherein locate Reason device is configured to produce the some of instruction scan volume according to the signal carrying out self-detector In the attenuation data of level of X-ray attenuation.

11. X-ray scanning systems according to claim 10, wherein, described decay Data take the form being suitable to produce the view data of the image of scanned article.

12. X-ray scanning systems according to claim 11, wherein, described decay Data are suitable to produce three-dimensional tomographic image.

13., according to the X-ray scanning system according to any one of claim 1-5, also include It is display configured to the display device of the image obtained from described image data set.

14. X-ray scanning systems according to claim 11, including analytical equipment, This analytical equipment is configured to analyze described attenuation data and generation depends on described attenuation data The output signal of parameter.