CN102257928A - Paddy field - Google Patents
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- CN102257928A CN102257928A CN2010106157662A CN201010615766A CN102257928A CN 102257928 A CN102257928 A CN 102257928A CN 2010106157662 A CN2010106157662 A CN 2010106157662A CN 201010615766 A CN201010615766 A CN 201010615766A CN 102257928 A CN102257928 A CN 102257928A
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Abstract
The invention provides a frame-type floating bed capable of floating on a water area and is matched with a paddy field with a water pumping device taking natural energy as power. The water pumping device pumps water from the exterior of the paddy field into the interior of the paddy field; under the action of pressure intensity and the structure of the paddy field, water inside the paddy field penetrates and flows through soil and gravel in the paddy field from the top to bottom and returns to an external water area; sludge and bacteria in a water body are interrupted and pollutants in the water body are decomposed by the soil and the gravel and organisms cultivated by the soil and the gravel, so that the aim of purifying the water body is fulfilled; and by regulating the ratio of water level to air in a lower floating bin, switching between a water pool and a dry land in an upper material bin can be realized and the aims of creating cultivatable lands, green lands and wet lands by utilizing a water area space are fulfilled, so that an infrastructure is provided for harmonic sustainable development of human society and natural environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of paddy field that is suspended on the water surface, be specifically related to fields such as breeding biology, purifying water body and mud on the frame structure floating bed.
Background technology
Human social activities and modernization construction, severe contamination natural environments such as air, water, soil, the development and use of transition have destroyed the ecological balance, and arable land limited on the earth, greenery patches and wetland are reduced day by day.The development and use water space remedies the arable land, greenery patches and the wetland that reduce day by day, has been the inevitable choice of human survival and development.As the Chinese patent publication number is CN1 063012, announced the method for a kind of Water cultivating paddy rice, the method of this rice cultivation selects for use unit weight less than 500kg/m3, and the chemical material board of polluted water is not a buoyancy aid, by the requirement of paddy growth distance between rows and hills, on buoyancy aid, be shaped on plant fixing hole, rice seedling is implanted in the plant fixing hole, and buoyancy aid is swum on the water surface; And for example: the Chinese patent publication number is 200910148356, announce a kind of floating on water surface floating bed and planted the paddy rice method, this floating bed adopts that to have buoyancy big, light weight, the cystosepiment of advantage such as polluted water is not as floating bed, according to the paddy growth characteristics, on floating bed, tens tapers seat holes of punching are set, taper is sat the taper a set of cups is installed in the hole, utilize the lake, reservoir, pond on a hill, mud in fish pond and the river course is made fertilizer, fertilizer is poured in the taper a set of cups, the seed of paddy rice or the root of rice shoot just can directly be planted in the mud in the taper a set of cups and be grown, and the taper a set of cups is installed in floating bed taper sits on the hole; And for example: the Chinese patent publication number is 200920053453.5, announced a kind of Water cultivating equipment, comprise plantation basin and connector, also comprise water supply installation, the plantation dish is made less than the material of 500kg/m3 by proportion, the plantation basin is a rectangle, surround by base plate and sidewall, on a long sidewall, be provided with the draw-in groove of being used as jockey, jockey on the supporting with it connector is a bayonet lock, connects by connector between the plantation basin, and water supply installation is the water pipe and the shower nozzle that is connected with water pipe that is arranged in the connector, water pipe connects freshwater source, is provided with hole clipping on another long sidewall of plantation dish.Connector links together the plantation dish, form a big planting area, like this, as long as filling needed soil of plant growing and fertilizer in the plantation dish, just can form the farmland in blocks in the field of cultivating as tradition, can use the planting technology of present comparative maturity, such as seedling-throwing technology.Can realize the function of implant mass crops waterborne.Water supply installation can provide plant growing needed moisture simultaneously, the freshwater source that water pipe connects, if freshwater can directly draw water up in water with water pump, if the salt water waters, freshwater source can be other local water sources.The hole clipping that is provided with on plantation dish sidewall can be installed booth, realizes greenhouse gardening.
Floating thing and cultivation scheme on the above-mentioned various water surface; all picotan is not set and cultivating facility organically combines; all there is not to be provided with the function of impelling water body to circulate naturally in the whole facility structure; therefore do not clean the function in water body protection ring border energetically; although publication number is to be provided with water pipe and water supply installation in 200920053453.5; but its water supply scheme and water flow structure; not in order to impel the oneself's purification better of waters water body; and such scheme adopts proportion to make floating thing less than 500kg/m3 or foamed material; floating thing intensity difference with this material making; the invasion and attack of stormy waves and use for a long time are difficult to resist; maintenance and management is also very difficult; and range of application is little, is difficult to large tracts of land and implements.
Defective in view of floating thing on the above-mentioned water surface and the existence of cultivation scheme, the invention discloses a kind of paddy field that can be suspended in for a long time on the water surface, and the device and the paddy field that are provided with the natural energy water lift combine, can be widely used in the waters of various conditions, can ground the same breeding biology with arable land, greenery patches and wetland, the place and the facility of productive life recreation can also be set, principle is clear, facility is simple, and long-time maintenance and convenient operation and management are suitable for the large tracts of land promotion and implementation.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention, it is carrier that a kind of frame structure floating bed that can be suspended in for a long time in the waters will be provided exactly, mix with the natural energy is the picotan of power, water outside the paddy field is mentioned by picotan and is sent in the paddy field, make water level rising in the paddy field, under pressure and paddy field structure function, after the water in the paddy field flows through materials such as soil in the paddy field, root system of plant, sandstone from top to down, flow out from the bottom, paddy field and to turn back to the outside waters.Water is in this flow process, via the soil in the paddy field, root system of plant, the interception of a lot oves such as sandstone, in the soil and sandstone that all kinds of impurity that carry in the water body and bacterium are trapped in the paddy field, make pure water body return to the nature neatly, just in time become the bio-absorbable of cultivating on the paddy field and the nutriment of decomposition and be trapped in all kinds of impurity in the paddy field and bacterium, people gather in the crops the biology of cultivation, the biozone is gone out the paddy field, systemic circulation enters society, make the water in the paddy field like this, soil, biological and human society has formed a kind of state that can circulate constantly and carry out, for human society utilizes water space, create new arable land, the setting that provides the foundation of greenery patches and wetland helps the sustainable development harmoniously of human society and natural environment.
To achieve these goals, paddy field of the present invention weathering resistance corrosion-resistant material, as: reinforced concrete, pottery, rubber, foamed plastics, glass fibre, Deng, make two story frame structure floating beds up and down, the upper strata is provided with material bin, the volume size of material bin is provided with according to environment and needs, material bin is provided with through passage to the bottom, paddy field downwards, channel bottom is provided with latticed openning, the interior water of material bin and the water in outside waters can be circulated mutually, filter materials such as sandstone are set in material bin and the passage, one deck soil is set on filter materials such as sandstone, cultivation is biological on soil, lower floor is provided with buoyant cabin, the size of buoyant cabin is to be provided with according to the maximum weight that the material bin needs carry, stored air and water in the buoyant cabin, and water pipe and the tracheae of regulating empty G﹠W ratio in the buoyant cabin be set, increase or reduce the ratio of water in the buoyant cabin, just can reduce or increase buoyant cabin buoyancy, change the height of material bin on horizontal plane, make material bin present pond or nonirrigated farmland or the conversion modalities between the two.Be provided with in the paddy field of the present invention from outside waters, paddy field water is mentioned the picotan that flow in the paddy field, picotan is to the paddy field inner water-supply, water level in the paddy field is raise, under the effect of pressure and paddy field structure, water is from the top down through filter material such as soil and sandstone in the paddy field, from the latticed openning of channel bottom, turn back in the outside waters.
Because the buoyant cabin size in paddy field is provided with according to the maximum load capacity of material bin, people can also be provided with the place or the Architectural Equipment of action needs such as carrying out production, life, amusement in material bin, the function in paddy field is further expanded.
Because water level raises in the buoyant cabin, air reduces, the buoyancy of buoyant cabin reduces, when the buoyancy of buoyant cabin is reduced to the soil that allows in the topper feed bin, be lower than horizontal plane when following, the topper feed bin has formed the pond, that is to say that the paddy field presents the feature in pond, can cultivate the biology that is suitable for the pond environment on the paddy field.
Because water level reduces in the buoyant cabin, air increases, the buoyancy of buoyant cabin improves, when the buoyancy of buoyant cabin is brought up to the soil that allows in the topper feed bin, when being higher than above water, the topper feed bin has formed the nonirrigated farmland, that is to say that the paddy field presents the feature in nonirrigated farmland, can cultivate the biology that is suitable for the nonirrigated farmland environment on the paddy field.Variation characteristic between above-mentioned pond and the nonirrigated farmland can be realized by water and the AIR Proportional of adjusting in the buoyant cabin.
Because the picotan that is provided with on the paddy field, be to utilize natural energy the abundantest in the local waters for power, as: in the abundant waters of wind resource, the windmill water pumping device is set; In the resourceful waters of sunlight, the solar energy picotan is set; The resourceful waters of morning and evening tides or flowing water, flowing water energy picotan is set, Deng, at least there is a kind of natural energy in any water environment, therefore the paddy field can utilize local natural energy in any waters, allows water flows by the paddy field in the local waters, make the paddy field become continual water body purification facility in this water environment, be people and providing the foundation property of natural harmony ground sustainable development facility.Certainly picotan also can use the electric energy on the chemical industry energy such as oil or the electrical network to be power.
Because the paddy field is a carrier with the frame structure floating bed, the shape of frame structure floating bed and specification size, be according to different waters state and different demands, can arbitrarily be provided with, as the paddy field being arranged to large-scale square configuration, and a plurality of combination is arranged in the great rivers reservoir lake, form farmland structure in flakes, in crop culture or trees, build building on it for people's production, life and amusement, build new ecotope; As the paddy field being arranged to triangle, circle, ship shape etc., single dispersion is arranged on the riverbank lakeside, can build the clear spring clear water, can cultivate exotic flowers and rare herbs again thereon, build pavilions, terraces and open halls, builds natural landscape; As in the Shahe paddy field being arranged to sample highway intermediate isolating band, the boundary of a piece of land is separated in the scope navigation channel, more helps mechanized; Small-sized paddy field can be arranged in the family room, plants flower and breeds fish, and improves indoor environment.
Owing to be provided with picotan in the structure of paddy field of the present invention, make the water of static state in the outside waters, paddy field be put on incoming flow entry Tanaka, make the inside and outside water-head that produces in paddy field, force the water body that enters in the paddy field under pressure action, to flow through the soil that is provided with in the paddy field, root system of plant, sandstone etc., turn back in the outside waters, and these soil, root system of plant, sandstone, can hold back all kinds of impurity and the bacterium of carrying in the water body, water body is purified, the facility structure in whole paddy field, the water body that has formed sustainably static state flows in an orderly manner, and the environment that purifies of oneself has energetically remedied the blank of existing scheme.
Owing to be provided with materials such as soil and sandstone in the paddy field of the present invention, cultivated the multiple biology of suitable paddy field environment, make the suspended material and the bacterium that are retained down in the water body, can access the absorption and the decomposition of multiple biology, both supplied nutrients for biology, can digest water pollutant again, biological metabolite of cultivating in the paddy field and root directly are retained in the soil in paddy field, neither can directly enter outside water body, can become other biological nutriment in the paddy field again, people constantly gather in the crops the biology of cultivation, remainder is converted into the soil in the paddy field, when the paddy field incorporates in human society, can build the biological chain structure that complete man and nature circulate sustainably and carry out, remedied the blank of existing scheme.
Because paddy field of the present invention is as long as adjust the interior water level of buoyant cabin, just can be with the paddy field by the conversion of pond to the various ways the nonirrigated farmland, the architectural feature of this time brings great changes to the world moment conversion, make the paddy field possess the multiple function of farmland, greenery patches, wetland, enlarged the range of application in paddy field, the paddy field not only can be widely used in purifying water body in the landscape pond of rivers and lakes and down town, cultivation is biological, place and the building that is suitable for the amusement of people's productive life can also be set on the paddy field, remedy the blank of existing scheme.
The present invention, principle is clear, and is simple in structure, realized utilizing water space, increases the purpose of farmland, greenery patches and wetland.
Owing to the principle of unity that patent application has, relate to the architectural feature of special facilities such as picotan and mounting structure in the present patent application, with the separate case application.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of a paddy field structure of the present invention.
Reference numeral is as follows:
1: the expression picotan.2: the representational framework structure.3: the expression tracheae.5: expression soil.6: filter materials such as expression sandstone.7: the expression water pipe.8: the expression air.9: expression water.10: represent latticed openning.11: the expression passage.12: expression is biological.13: the expression material bin.14: the expression buoyant cabin.
Embodiment
Embodiment is described in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of a paddy field structure of the present invention, can see from the structure of Fig. 1: the weathering resistance corrosion-resistant material can be used in the paddy field, as: reinforced concrete, pottery, rubber, foamed plastics, glass fibre, Deng, make two story frame structures 2 up and down, the volume size of the material bin 13 that the upper strata is provided with can be provided with according to environment and needs, material bin 13 is provided with through passage 11 to the bottom, paddy field downwards, passage 11 bottoms are provided with latticed openning 10, the water in the material bin 13 and the water in outside waters can circulate mutually, be provided with filter materials 6 such as sandstone in material bin 13 and the passage 11, one deck soil 5 is set on filter materials such as sandstone 6, cultivation biological 12 on soil 5, the size of the buoyant cabin 14 that lower floor is provided with is to be provided with according to the maximum weight of material bin 13 needs carrying, store air 8 and water 9 in the buoyant cabin 14, and be provided with water pipe 7 and the tracheae 3 of regulating air 8 and water 9 ratios in the buoyant cabin 14, increase or reduce the ratio of water 9 in the buoyant cabin 14 by water pipe 7 and tracheae 3, just can reduce or increase buoyant cabin 14 buoyancy, change the height of material bin 13 on horizontal plane.Be provided with in the paddy field from outside waters, paddy field water is mentioned the picotan 1 that flow in the paddy field, picotan 1 is to the paddy field inner water-supply, water level in the paddy field is raise, under the effect of pressure and paddy field structure, water is from the top down through filter materials 6 such as soil in the paddy field 5 and sandstone, from passage 11 bottom web trellis opennings 10, turn back in the outside waters.
Be understood that according to shown in Figure 1, the place or the Architectural Equipment of action needs such as carrying out production, life, amusement can be set in the topper feed bin 13, the function in paddy field is further expanded.
Be understood that according to shown in Figure 1,9 risings of water in the buoyant cabin 14, air 8 reduces, the buoyancy of buoyant cabin 14 reduces, when the buoyancy of buoyant cabin 14 is reduced to the soil 5 that allows in the topper feed bin 13, be lower than horizontal plane following time, topper feed bin 13 has formed the pond, that is to say that the paddy field presents the feature in pond, can cultivate the biology that is suitable for the pond environment on the paddy field.In like manner, water 9 potential drops are low in the buoyant cabin 14, air 8 increases, the buoyancy of buoyant cabin 14 improves, bring up to the soil 5 that allows in the topper feed bin 13 when the buoyancy of buoyant cabin 14, when being higher than on the horizontal plane, topper feed bin 13 has formed the nonirrigated farmland, that is to say that the paddy field presents the feature in nonirrigated farmland, can cultivate the biology that is suitable for the nonirrigated farmland environment on the paddy field.Variation characteristic between above-mentioned pond and the nonirrigated farmland can be realized with air 8 ratios by the water of adjusting in the buoyant cabin 14 9.
Be understood that according to shown in Figure 1 the picotan 1 that is provided with on the paddy field is to utilize natural energy the abundantest in the local waters for power, as in the abundant waters of solar energy resources, solar energy picotan 1 can be set; The waters that wind resource is abundant can be provided with windmill water pumping device 1; In morning and evening tides or the resourceful waters of flowing water, flowing water can be set can picotan 1, can certainly use the electric energy on the chemical industry energy such as oil or the electrical network as power picotan 1 to be set.
Be understood that according to shown in Figure 1, the paddy field is a carrier with frame structure 2, the shape of frame structure 2 and specification size, can arbitrarily be provided with different demands according to different waters state, as the frame structure 2 in paddy field is arranged to large-scale square configuration, and a plurality of combination is arranged in the great rivers reservoir lake, form farmland structure in flakes, in crop culture or trees, build building on it for people's production, life and amusement, build new ecotope; As the frame structure 2 in paddy field is arranged to triangle, circle, ship shape etc., single dispersion is arranged on the riverbank lakeside, builds the clear spring clear water, and cultivation exotic flowers and rare herbs, construction pavilions, terraces and open halls are built natural landscape on it; As the frame structure 2 in paddy field being arranged to the isolation strip in the sample highway, the boundary of a piece of land is separated in the scope navigation channel, more helps mechanized; Small-sized paddy field frame structure 2 can be arranged in the family room, plants flower and breeds fish, and improves indoor environment.
The organization plan in above-mentioned paddy field is used existing mature technology, and general technical staff can both be provided with.
The illustrated embodiment structure and the application mode of above-mentioned design, only be used for that the present invention will be described, be convenient to understand, do not constitute restriction to the claim scope, according to structural principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art adopt other substances to be equal to means, all in claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. paddy field that is suspended on the water surface, it is characterized in that: two story frame structures (2) are up and down made with the weathering resistance corrosion-resistant material in described paddy field, the upper strata is provided with material bin (13), the volume size of material bin (13) is provided with as required, material bin (13) is provided with through passage (11) to the bottom, paddy field downwards, passage (11) bottom is provided with latticed openning (10), the interior water of material bin (13) and the water in outside waters can be circulated mutually, filter materials (6) such as sandstone are set in material bin (13) and the passage (11), one deck soil (5) is set on filter materials such as sandstone (6), go up cultivation biological (12) at soil (5), lower floor is provided with buoyant cabin (14), the size of buoyant cabin (14) is to need the maximum weight of carrying to be provided with according to material bin (13), interior stored air of buoyant cabin (14) (8) and water (9), and water pipe (7) and the tracheae (3) of regulating interior air of buoyant cabin (14) (8) and water (9) ratio be set, increase or reduce the ratio of the interior water of buoyant cabin (14) (9), just can reduce or increase buoyant cabin (14) buoyancy, change the height of material bin (13) and horizontal plane; Described paddy field is provided with from outside waters, paddy field mentions the picotan (1) that flow in the paddy field with water, picotan (1) is to the paddy field inner water-supply, water level in the paddy field is raise, under the effect of pressure and paddy field structure, water is from the top down through filter materials (6) such as soil in the paddy field (5) and sandstone, latticed openning (10) from passage (11) bottom turns back in the outside waters.
2. paddy field according to claim 1 is characterized in that: place or the building that is suitable for the productive life amusement is set in the described material bin (13).
3. paddy field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the interior water of described buoyant cabin (14) (9) position raises, air (8) reduces, the buoyancy of buoyant cabin (14) reduces, when being reduced to the soil (5) that allows in the topper feed bin (13), the buoyancy of buoyant cabin (14) is lower than horizontal plane when following, topper feed bin (13) has formed the pond, that is to say that the paddy field presents the feature in pond, can cultivate the biology that is suitable for the pond environment on the paddy field.
4. paddy field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the interior water of described buoyant cabin (14) (9) potential drop is low, air (8) increases, the buoyancy of buoyant cabin (14) improves, when the buoyancy of buoyant cabin (14) is brought up to the soil (5) that allows in the topper feed bin (13) and is higher than above water, topper feed bin (13) has formed the nonirrigated farmland, that is to say that the paddy field presents the feature in nonirrigated farmland, can cultivate the biology that is suitable for the nonirrigated farmland environment on the paddy field.
5. paddy field according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is power that described picotan (1) can wait natural energy with wind energy or solar energy or flowing water.
6. paddy field according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described picotan (1) is to be power with the chemical industry energy such as oil or electrical network electric energy.
7. paddy field according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the shape of described frame structure (2) can arbitrarily be provided with, or triangle is square or circular or ship shape, etc.
8. paddy field according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the specification size of described frame structure (2) can arbitrarily be provided with.
9. paddy field according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the set-up mode in described paddy field is can be diversified, or disperse to be provided with one by one or a plurality of being arranged in rows is provided with or a plurality ofly is combined into the piece setting.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010106157662A CN102257928A (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2010-12-20 | Paddy field |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010106157662A CN102257928A (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2010-12-20 | Paddy field |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102257928A true CN102257928A (en) | 2011-11-30 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010106157662A Pending CN102257928A (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2010-12-20 | Paddy field |
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| CN (1) | CN102257928A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103733959A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-04-23 | 北京市农林科学院 | Floating planting device and system |
| CN103896403A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-07-02 | 云南今业生态建设集团有限公司 | Weight-bearing business type floating island and construction method |
| CN111236147A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-05 | 刘启明 | Farmland facility with drought and waterlogging resistant soil fertility increasing function |
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| JPH10327698A (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1998-12-15 | Susumu Mogami | Water life breeding installation |
| EP1060655A2 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2000-12-20 | L & L Probox GmbH | Cultivation device for plants |
| JP2001275502A (en) * | 2000-04-04 | 2001-10-09 | Yoshihiro Okuyama | Agricultural method of water surface floating bed type |
| CN1956653A (en) * | 2004-05-24 | 2007-05-02 | 方太海德有限公司 | Super-enhanced, adjustably buoyant floating island |
| CN201204856Y (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2009-03-11 | 刘和炜 | Ups and downs plant breeding device |
| CN201234481Y (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2009-05-13 | 李�杰 | Superaqueous grassplot |
| JP2010136662A (en) * | 2008-12-11 | 2010-06-24 | Shimizu Corp | Floating structure for biotope |
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2010
- 2010-12-20 CN CN2010106157662A patent/CN102257928A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10327698A (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 1998-12-15 | Susumu Mogami | Water life breeding installation |
| EP1060655A2 (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2000-12-20 | L & L Probox GmbH | Cultivation device for plants |
| JP2001275502A (en) * | 2000-04-04 | 2001-10-09 | Yoshihiro Okuyama | Agricultural method of water surface floating bed type |
| CN1956653A (en) * | 2004-05-24 | 2007-05-02 | 方太海德有限公司 | Super-enhanced, adjustably buoyant floating island |
| CN201204856Y (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2009-03-11 | 刘和炜 | Ups and downs plant breeding device |
| CN201234481Y (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2009-05-13 | 李�杰 | Superaqueous grassplot |
| JP2010136662A (en) * | 2008-12-11 | 2010-06-24 | Shimizu Corp | Floating structure for biotope |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103733959A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-04-23 | 北京市农林科学院 | Floating planting device and system |
| CN103896403A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-07-02 | 云南今业生态建设集团有限公司 | Weight-bearing business type floating island and construction method |
| CN111236147A (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2020-06-05 | 刘启明 | Farmland facility with drought and waterlogging resistant soil fertility increasing function |
| CN111236147B (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2022-02-01 | 刘启明 | Farmland facility with drought and waterlogging resistant soil fertility increasing function |
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Application publication date: 20111130 |