CN102251278B - Controllable preparation method of monocrystal copper nanowires - Google Patents
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- CN102251278B CN102251278B CN201110144380.2A CN201110144380A CN102251278B CN 102251278 B CN102251278 B CN 102251278B CN 201110144380 A CN201110144380 A CN 201110144380A CN 102251278 B CN102251278 B CN 102251278B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of copper nanowires and in particular relates to a controllable preparation method of high-yield monocrystal copper nanowires in a liquid-phase reduction manner. The controllable preparation method comprises the steps: firstly, mixing a divalent metal copper salt solution and ethylenediamine, and heating in a water bath to form a single and stable copper ion chelate compound; mixing a strong base solution with hydrazine hydrate, and preparing a reducing agent in the water bath at the same temperature; then transferring the two mixture solutions into a reaction vessel, fully stirring to reach a uniform state, covering well, and placing in the water bath at the same temperature for heating reaction to prepare the copper nanowires; and fishing out flaky copper nanowires floating on the upper layer of the solution, washing the flaky copper nanowires with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence three times, and drying at room temperature under an Ar gas protection condition to prepare the copper nanowires. The controllable preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, low cost and high yield, and the prepared copper nanowires are of monocrystal structures, and have relatively smooth surfaces, uniform radial thickness, and controllable and more uniform length and diameter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of copper nano-wire, the controlled method of preparing high yield monocrystal copper nanowires of especially a kind of liquid-phase reduction.
Background technology
As a kind of typical quasi-one-dimensional nanometer material, nano wire, due to self small-size effect and structural anisotropy, shows many physics, chemical property that are different from conventional blocks material; In the middle of numerous nano wires; metal nanometer line because of its metal properties as micro-/receive the construction unit of device and the aspects such as connecting material between unit and there is potential application foreground; because copper has than the better electroconductibility of aluminium and deelectric transferred performance; be beneficial to the electric current that improves the running frequency of device and allow larger density by (referring to document: 1. Hwang S T; Shim I, Lee K O, et al. J Mater Res; 1996,11:1051-1060; 2. Whitman C, Moslehi M N, Paranjpe A, et al. J Vac Sci Technol A, 1999,17:1893-1897; 3. Xia Y N, Yang P D, Sun Y G, et al. Adv Mater, 2003,15:353-389), thereby copper nano-wire has caused the extensive concern of industry; At present; the preparation method of copper nano-wire mainly contains vacuum vapor deposition (referring to document: 1. Liu Z W; Bando Y. Adv Mater; 2003; 15:303-305), the solid phase reduction method based on gas-solid reaction growth mechanism is (referring to document: 1. Yen M Y; Chui C W; Hsia C H, et al. Adv Mater, 2003; 15:235-237), template is (referring to document: 1. Motoyama M; Fukunaka Y, Tetsuo S, et al. J Electroanal Chem; 2005,584:84-91; 2. Gao T, Meng G W, Zhang J, et al. Appl Phys A:Mater Sci Process; 2001,73:251-254) and liquid phase reduction (referring to document: 1. Chang Y, Lye M L; Zeng H C. Langmuir, 2005,21:3746-3748; 2. Rathmell A R, Bergin S M, Hua Y L, et al. Adv Mater, 2010,22:3558-3563); Wherein, the mechanism of vacuum vapor deposition and solid phase reduction method is generally comparatively complicated, and condition is harsh, and cost is higher, is not suitable for large-scale production; Template complex process, conventionally need to remove template by thermal treatment or dissolution with solvents way, and easily established nanostructure be destroyed to some extent when removing template framework.
And liquid phase reduction generally flexibly, effectively and can large-scale production copper nano-wire, Chang etc. (referring to document: 1. Chang Y, Lye M L, Zeng H C. Langmuir, 2005,21:3746-3748) introduced a kind of by regulating various materials (to comprise NaOH solution, Cu (NO
3)
2solution, quadrol (EDA), hydrazine (H
2nNH
2)) concentration and volume, and the parameter such as bath temperature, reaction times is reduced and is prepared the method for copper nano-wire (length approximately 40~50 μ m, diameter 90~120nm) in the aqueous solution, Rathmell etc. are (referring to document: 1. Rathmell A R, Bergin S M, Hua Y L, et al. Adv Mater, 2010,22:3558-3563) further adopt the method for Chang etc. to prepare the copper nano-wire (length approximately 10 ± 3 μ ms, diameter 90 ± 10nm) of one end with particle, their preparation method's cost is lower, can produce in a large number, but all come with some shortcomings, for the former, due to processing parameter more (approximately 10), wayward and complex operation, and, change the wherein volume of any one material, by cause mix after the variation of other material actual concentration, make above-mentioned processing parameter lose reference value, and cause the preparation process of copper nano-wire and formation mechanism study complicated, in other words, the concentration of their this front various materials of mixing and volume seem inadvisable even unreliable as the way of processing parameter, for the latter, due to copper nano-wire radially general inhomogeneous the and one end of thickness with copper particle, may make the popularization of its potential application be restricted, and, changing in the method for copper nano-wire length, Rathmell etc. adopt and reduce the reaction times, but this method is generally because reaction causes productive rate lower not yet completely, product is also not easy to separate from solution, in addition, in preparation process, Chang etc. and Rathmell etc. are just placed in water-bath and heat and prepare copper nano-wire after just simply will above-mentioned several materials mixing, this way may cause existing in mixing solutions the various title complexs of cupric ion, as [Cu (OH)
4]
2-, [Cu (EDA) (OH)
2], [Cu (EDA)
2]
2+deng (referring to document: 1. Chang Y, Lye M L, Zeng H C. Langmuir, 2005, 21:3746-3748), and finally cause occurring in reduzate that copper particle or one end are with the copper nano-wire of the copper nano-wire of copper particle or length, diameter inequality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve current copper nano-wire preparation cost high, productive rate is low, complex process, homogeneity and poor controllability, and copper nano-wire pattern is non-linear and be the shortcomings such as polycrystalline structure, thereby provide that a kind of low cost, high yield, technique are simple, the preparation method of length and the more even and controlled monocrystal copper nanowires of diameter.
Technical scheme of the present invention is that to take single, the stable copper ion chelated that divalent metal copper salt solution and quadrol Hybrid Heating form be presoma, the mixed solution of highly basic and hydrazine hydrate of take is reductive agent, the parameter such as the concentration of various materials and bath temperature after mixing by suitable adjusting, thereby controlled preparation high yield monocrystal copper nanowires.
The preparation method of high yield monocrystal copper nanowires of the present invention is as follows:
1) concentration of various materials after definite mixing, and selection mixes the cumulative volume V of rear solution
0, take divalent metal mantoquita and highly basic, and be dissolved in respectively in deionized water;
2) measure quadrol, splashed in the ready copper salt solution of step 1) and fully and stir and obtain mixing solutions 1, make it to form single, stable copper ion chelated [Cu (EDA)
2]
2+; Measure hydrazine hydrate, splashed in the ready strong base solution of step 1) and fully and stir and obtain mixing solutions 2, after building, mixing solutions 1 and mixing solutions 2 are placed in to water-bath thermostatically heating simultaneously, the cumulative volume V of solution after the volume sum of mixing solutions 1 and mixing solutions 2 should be less than and mix
0;
3) by step 2) mixing solutions 1 and the mixing solutions 2 that obtain proceed in reaction vessel completely, and to drip the cumulative volume that deionized water makes solution be V
0, after fully shaking up, build and obtain mixing solutions 3, be then placed in and step 2) and the water-bath reacting by heating of uniform temp, prepare copper nano-wire;
4) the sheet of copper nano wire that swims in solution upper strata is salvaged out, use successively deionized water and absolute ethanol washing more than three times, obtain product copper nano-wire; Can be by controlling the controlled copper nano-wire of preparing of reaction conditions in preparation process;
5) copper nano-wire step 4) being obtained is placed 2 ~ 4 hours under the condition of room temperature and protection of inert gas, obtains dry copper nano-wire, weighs the quality of product with digital calculation balance, gets final product to obtain the productive rate of copper nano-wire.
In step 1), the amount of substance that described concentration is various materials is than the cumulative volume V that mixes rear solution
0the amount of substance concentration obtaining; The cumulative volume V of solution after described mixing
0>=5ml; Cu (the NO that after described divalent metal mantoquita refers to and mixes, concentration is 3 ~ 8mM
3)
2, CuCl
2or CuSO
4solid (analytical pure); NaOH or KOH solid (analytical pure) that after described highly basic refers to and mixes, concentration is 5 ~ 15M.
In step 2) in, the massfraction of described quadrol is 99%, after mixing, concentration is 0.02 ~ 0.25M; The massfraction of described hydrazine hydrate is 80%, and after mixing, concentration is 5 ~ 80mM; The temperature of described constant temperature water bath heating is 40 ~ 80 ℃, and be 10 ~ 15min heat-up time.
In step 3), the time of described heating in water bath for reaction is 0.5 ~ 2 hour.
In step 4), described reaction conditions refers to concentration and the bath temperature of divalent metal mantoquita, quadrol, highly basic, hydrazine hydrate; Described controlled refer to the length of copper nano-wire and diameter controlled, their scope is respectively 2~30 μ m and 50~160 nm.
In step 1), 3) and 4) in, described deionization resistivity of water is 18.2M Ω cm.
In step 5), described rare gas element refers to that purity is at more than 99% Ar gas, and the precision of described digital calculation balance is not less than 0.1mg, and the productive rate of described copper nano-wire can reach more than 95%.
Utilize the length of copper nano-wire prepared by aforesaid method and the diameter can be by controlling reaction conditions: after mixing, concentration (comprising divalent metal mantoquita, quadrol, highly basic, hydrazine hydrate), the bath temperature of various materials are regulated and controled; The prepared monocrystal copper nanowires surface of the present invention is relatively smooth, even thickness radially, length and diameter are controlled and more even, be expected to, as the construction unit of microelectronics and nano-device or the connecting material between unit, be made into copper nano-wire film and be expected to be applied to the fields such as touch-screen, solar cell.
The present invention has done further improvement to the method for Chang etc., the concentration and the volume that to mix the actual concentration of rear various materials, replace mixing front various materials, reduced the number of processing parameter (4 kinds of materials have reduced by 4 parameters), make preparation process simple, workable, in preparation process, the present invention first mixes divalent metal copper salt solution and quadrol, and preheat in water-bath, make it to form single, stable copper ion chelated [Cu (EDA)
2]
2+thereby guarantee to obtain the better copper nano-wire of homogeneity, in the present invention, the length of copper nano-wire and diameter can be by controlling reaction conditions: after mixing, concentration and the bath temperature of various materials are regulated and controled, the prepared copper nano-wire of the present invention is single crystal structure, and its surface is relatively smooth, radially even thickness, length and diameter are more even, and the high and productive rate of purity can reach more than 95%.
Compare other preparation method, the invention has the advantages that: 1) device is simple, raw material is cheap, is applicable to large-scale production; 2) processing parameter is less, and technique is simple, effective; 3) with short production cycle; 4) productive rate is high, can reach more than 95%; 5) copper nano-wire homogeneity is better; 6) copper nano-wire length and diameter are controlled; 7) copper nano-wire surface is relatively smooth, radially even thickness; 8) copper nano-wire is that single crystal structure and purity are higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Metallograph of embodiment 1 prepared copper nano-wire;
Fig. 2 is the Metallograph of embodiment 2 prepared copper nano-wires;
Fig. 3 is the Metallograph of embodiment 3 prepared copper nano-wires;
Fig. 4 is the Metallograph of embodiment 4 prepared copper nano-wires;
Fig. 5 is the transmission electron microscope photo (illustration is corresponding selected area electron diffraction photo) of embodiment 4 prepared copper nano-wires.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the invention will be further described by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1:
Determine and mix rear Cu (NO
3)
2, EDA, NaOH, H
2nNH
2concentration be respectively 5.3mM, 0.16M, 8.3M, 68.8mM, after select mixing, the cumulative volume of solution is 30ml, takes Cu (NO
3)
2solid and NaOH solid, be dissolved in respectively in a certain amount of deionized water, measures quadrol and hydrazine hydrate, splashes into respectively Cu (NO
3)
2in solution and NaOH solution and fully, stir; build and be placed in 60 ℃ of water-baths simultaneously and heat 10 minutes afterwards; then they are proceeded in glass reactor; and to drip the cumulative volume that deionized water makes solution be 30ml; after fully shaking up, build; be placed in 60 ℃ of water-bath reacting by heating 2 hours; the sheet of copper nano wire that swims in solution upper strata is salvaged out; use successively deionized water and absolute ethanol washing more than three times; under room temperature and Ar gas protective condition, be dried 4 hours, obtaining mean diameter is that 80nm, mean length are the monocrystal copper nanowires of 6 μ m.The quality that weighs product with digital calculation balance, the productive rate that obtains copper nano-wire is 95%.
Embodiment 2:
Determine and mix rear Cu (NO
3)
2, EDA, NaOH, H
2nNH
2concentration be respectively 5.3mM, 0.14M, 8.3M, 8.6mM, after select mixing, the cumulative volume of solution is 30ml.Take Cu (NO
3)
2solid and NaOH solid, be dissolved in respectively in a certain amount of deionized water, measures quadrol and hydrazine hydrate, splashes into respectively Cu (NO
3)
2in solution and NaOH solution and fully, stir, build and be placed in 60 ℃ of water-baths simultaneously and heat 15 minutes afterwards, then they are proceeded in glass reactor, and to drip the cumulative volume that deionized water makes solution be 30ml, after fully shaking up, build, be placed in 60 ℃ of water-bath reacting by heating 2 hours, the sheet of copper nano wire that swims in solution upper strata is salvaged out, use successively deionized water and absolute ethanol washing more than three times, under room temperature and Ar gas protective condition, be dried 3 hours, obtaining mean diameter is 120nm, mean length is the monocrystal copper nanowires of 13 μ m, with digital calculation balance, weigh the quality of product, the productive rate that obtains copper nano-wire is 96%.
Embodiment 3:
Determine and mix rear Cu (NO
3)
2, EDA, NaOH, H
2nNH
2concentration be respectively 5.3mM, 0.03M, 13.3M, 8.6mM, after select mixing, the cumulative volume of solution is 30ml, takes Cu (NO
3)
2solid and NaOH solid, be dissolved in respectively in a certain amount of deionized water.Measure quadrol and hydrazine hydrate, splash into respectively Cu (NO
3)
2in solution and NaOH solution and fully, stir, build and be placed in 50 ℃ of water-baths simultaneously and heat 12 minutes afterwards, then they are proceeded in glass reactor, and to drip the cumulative volume that deionized water makes solution be 30ml, after fully shaking up, build, be placed in 50 ℃ of water-bath reacting by heating 2 hours, the sheet of copper nano wire that swims in solution upper strata is salvaged out, use successively deionized water and absolute ethanol washing more than three times, under room temperature and Ar gas protective condition, be dried 2 hours, obtaining mean diameter is 160nm, mean length is the monocrystal copper nanowires of 23 μ m, with digital calculation balance, weigh the quality of product, the productive rate that obtains copper nano-wire is 98%.
Embodiment 4:
Determine and mix rear Cu (NO
3)
2, EDA, NaOH, H
2nNH
2concentration be respectively 4.0mM, 0.04M, 8.1M, 6.5mM, after select mixing, the cumulative volume of solution is 40ml.Take Cu (NO
3)
2solid and NaOH solid, be dissolved in respectively in a certain amount of deionized water.Measure quadrol and hydrazine hydrate, splash into respectively Cu (NO
3)
2in solution and NaOH solution and fully, stir, build and be placed in 60 ℃ of water-baths simultaneously and heat 10 minutes afterwards, then they are proceeded in glass reactor, and to drip the cumulative volume that deionized water makes solution be 40ml, after fully shaking up, build, be placed in 60 ℃ of water-bath reacting by heating 1.5 hours, the sheet of copper nano wire that swims in solution upper strata is salvaged out, use successively deionized water and absolute ethanol washing more than three times, under room temperature and Ar gas protective condition, be dried 2 hours, obtaining mean diameter is 60nm, mean length is the monocrystal copper nanowires of 15 μ m, with digital calculation balance, weigh the quality of product, the productive rate that obtains copper nano-wire is 96%.
Claims (5)
1. a controllable method for preparing for monocrystal copper nanowires, is comprised of following steps:
1) concentration of various materials after definite mixing, and selection mixes the cumulative volume V of rear solution
0, take divalent metal mantoquita and highly basic, and be dissolved in respectively in deionized water; The amount of substance that after described mixing, the concentration of various materials is various materials is than the cumulative volume V that mixes rear solution
0the amount of substance concentration obtaining; The cumulative volume V of solution after described mixing
0>=5ml; After described divalent metal mantoquita refers to and mixes, concentration is the analytically pure Cu (NO of 3 ~ 8mM
3)
2, CuCl
2or CuSO
4solid; After described highly basic refers to and mixes, concentration is the analytically pure NaOH of 5 ~ 15M or KOH solid.
2) measure quadrol, splashed in the ready copper salt solution of step 1) and fully and stir and obtain mixing solutions 1, make it to form single, stable copper ion chelated [Cu (EDA)
2]
2+; Measure hydrazine hydrate, splashed in the ready strong base solution of step 1) and fully and stir and obtain mixing solutions 2, after building, mixing solutions 1 and mixing solutions 2 are placed in to water-bath thermostatically heating simultaneously, the cumulative volume V of solution after the volume sum of mixing solutions 1 and mixing solutions 2 should be less than and mix
0; The massfraction of described quadrol is 99%, and after mixing, concentration is 0.02 ~ 0.25M; The massfraction of described hydrazine hydrate is 80%, and after mixing, concentration is 5 ~ 80mM; The temperature of described constant temperature water bath heating is 40 ~ 80 ℃, and be 10~15min heat-up time;
3) by step 2) mixing solutions 1 and the mixing solutions 2 that obtain proceed in reaction vessel completely, and to drip the cumulative volume that deionized water makes solution be V
0, after fully shaking up, build and obtain mixing solutions 3, be then placed in and step 2) and the water-bath reacting by heating of uniform temp, prepare copper nano-wire;
4) the sheet of copper nano wire that swims in solution upper strata is salvaged out, use successively deionized water and absolute ethanol washing more than three times, obtain product copper nano-wire;
5) copper nano-wire step 4) being obtained is placed 2 ~ 4 hours under the condition of room temperature and protection of inert gas, obtains dry copper nano-wire, weighs the quality of product with digital calculation balance, obtains the productive rate of copper nano-wire.
2. the controllable method for preparing of a kind of monocrystal copper nanowires according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 3), the time of described heating in water bath for reaction is 0.5 ~ 2 hour.
3. the controllable method for preparing of a kind of monocrystal copper nanowires according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 4), length and the diameter of described copper nano-wire are controlled, and their scope is respectively 2~30 μ m and 50~160 nm.
4. the controllable method for preparing of a kind of monocrystal copper nanowires according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 1), 3) and 4) in, described deionization resistivity of water is 18.2M Ω cm.
5. the controllable method for preparing of a kind of monocrystal copper nanowires according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 5), described rare gas element refers to that purity is at more than 99% Ar gas, and the precision of described digital calculation balance is not less than 0.1mg, and the productive rate of described copper nano-wire can reach more than 95%.
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