CN102247802A - Method for preparing activated carbon - Google Patents
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- CN102247802A CN102247802A CN 201110106742 CN201110106742A CN102247802A CN 102247802 A CN102247802 A CN 102247802A CN 201110106742 CN201110106742 CN 201110106742 CN 201110106742 A CN201110106742 A CN 201110106742A CN 102247802 A CN102247802 A CN 102247802A
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- rice husk
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing activated carbon. In the method, rice husks are taken as a raw material, NaOH is taken as an activator, and an activated carbon product is prepared through high temperature carbonization and activation, has high specific surface area, low ash content, a large number of distributed micropores, and high adsorption property, and is an ideal adsorption material, an ideal electrode material, an ideal hydrogen storage material and an ideal catalyst carrier. Alkaline solution is not required to be used for impregnation and activation, and the obtained product has a small particle size, has the characteristics of wide raw material source, low cost and simple process, is suitable for popularization, and has certain economic significance and environment-friendly significance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of active carbon, particularly utilize rice husk to prepare high-specific surface area and low ash content process of active carbon.
Background technology
(Activated carbon AC), is a kind of porous carbon materials to active carbon, because of the big (500～1500m of its specific area
2/ g), raw material sources are wide, the mechanical strength height, and safety is regeneration easily, and stability better is widely used in fields such as chemical industry, environmental protection, medicine, military affairs, is a kind of good sorbing material and catalyst carrier.The adsorptivity of active carbon is relevant with specific area, pore structure, surface functional group and adsorbate character etc.Usually, the active carbon specific area is big more, and micropore (d＜2nm) many more, adsorption capacity is strong more; When the aperture is 2～4 times of adsorbate size, also help absorption.Active carbon is mainly used in water treatment, and it is to organic pollutions such as the phenol of dissolving in the water, polyvinyl chloride-bases, and inorganic pollution such as nitrate, arsenic oxide arsenoxide and heavy metal ion etc. all have good removal effect.But the active carbon specific area of using in the water treatment at present is generally not high, and micropore is less, and is undesirable for the adsorption effect of little molecular contaminants.
The production of active carbon comprises charing and two processes of activation, and activation is crucial.Utilize carbon dioxide CO traditionally
2, steam H
2O adopt physical activation method to produce active carbon, but productive rate is not high.So the chemical activation method development is very fast, activator commonly used comprises zinc chloride ZnCl
2(Suat Ucar, Murat Erdem, Turgay Tay, et al.[J] 2009,255 (21): 8890～8896) and phosphoric acid H
3PO
4(Qing-Song Liu, Tong Zheng, Peng Wang, et al.[J] 2010,31 (2): 233～238), but the active carbon specific area that makes is difficult to surpass 1500m
2/ g.In recent years, have the scholar adopt potassium hydroxide KOH activation (Abdel-Nasser A.El-Hendawy.[J] 2009,255 (6): 3723～3730), the product specific area is bigger, but KOH costs an arm and a leg (about 8000 yuan/ton).
Element is based on C in the active carbon; At present, industrial mainly with coal and pitch as its raw materials for production.Owing to be becoming tight mineral resources day, pay attention in recent years utilizing shell, stalk, wood chip, oil waste material, waste or used plastics etc. to contain C discarded object synthesizing activity charcoal.China is maximum in the world rice producing country, and rice husk accounts for 20% of paddy weight, is a kind of renewable resource of abundant cheapness.Consider that a large amount of now rice husks abandon as refuse or the processing of burning, contaminated environment is wasted resource again, there is the researcher to adopt rice husk to prepare active carbon (Dimitrios Kalderis, Dimitrios Koutoulakis, Panagiota Paraskeva, et al.[J] 2008,144 (1): 42～50).But the ZnCl of its use
2In activation, can produce poisonous steam such as HCl, and cost higher (about 6000 yuan/ton); The product content of ashes is big simultaneously, and influence is used; And its activation method is ZnCl
2Solution impregnation, technology are complicated.The active carbon specific area that is made by the rice husk the like waste was also not really high in the past, and content of ashes is bigger, and practical application is limited to; But favored day by day because of it is cheap, green non-poisonous.
Chinese patent ZL 98114553.1 discloses a kind of employing rice husk and has made raw material, and with alkaline matter activation preparation process of active carbon, this method technology is simple relatively.But the activator that this method adopts is KOH, NaOH, K
2CO
3And Na
2CO
3, fail to elaborate the character of the active carbon of single activator preparation; And its carbonization time 3～5h is long partially, fails among the embodiment to describe concrete carbonization temperature and time; The content of ashes of testing product not in addition.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of employing rice husk is raw material, and by activation, preparation specific area height, low, the many and good activated carbon products of absorption property of micropore distribution of content of ashes to realize changing waste into resources, have bigger economic implications.
Technical scheme of the present invention comprises following steps successively:
(1) rice husk is washed removal of impurities, drying;
(2) with dried rice husk at N
2Middle charing, temperature is 400～700 ℃, the time is 1.5～2.5h, generates the presoma charring rice husk, and grinds;
(3) in alkali carbon ratio (being NaOH and charring rice husk mass ratio) be 1～4 ratio, evenly hybrid solid NaOH and charring rice husk are at N
2Protection earlier at 390～410 ℃ of following preheating 25～35min, rises to 600～900 ℃ of insulations of activation temperature, 1～2h down again;
(4) after the cooling, carry out pickling, impregnation process 25～35min with the HCl of 0.05～0.15mol/L;
(5) deionized water washing is filtered, and drying is ground, promptly.
The also preferred especially following embodiment of the present invention: rice husk is washed removal of impurities, 110 ℃ of dry 2h; Rice husk at N
2In 600 ℃ of charing 2h, obtain the black charring rice husk, and grind; Press the alkali carbon ratio (NaOH and charring rice husk mass ratio, 3～4, hybrid solid NaOH and charring rice husk are at N
2Protection rises to 800 ℃ of insulations of activation temperature, 1～2h down earlier at 400 ℃ of preheating 30min; After the cooling, with 0.1mol/L watery hydrochloric acid impregnation process sample 30min; Washing, filtration, dry 2h under 110 ℃ gets the powdered active carbon material after the grinding.
Employed raw material rice husk is a kind of Common Waste among the present invention, and is cheap; Activator is NaOH, but the etching carbon skeleton obtains pore structure, and and SiO
2React etc. ash impurities; Washing agent is HCl, regulates the pH value to neutral with unnecessary alkali reaction, and can remove part solubility in acid impurity.Roasting is carried out in atmosphere furnace, and logical N
2Protection, this is to be oxidized to CO for fear of C
2Lose.The activation feed way is that reactant directly mixes, and is simpler compared to solution dipping method.The activation heating mode be 400 ℃ of left and right sides preheatings earlier, rises to predetermined temperature again, and it is complete to dewater during the NaOH preheating like this, is molten condition (318.4 ℃ of fusing points), can make that reactant mixes in the system, has reached and the impregnation process similar effects.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention adopts rice husk to make raw material, and wide material sources are cheap;
(2) the present invention adopts NaOH to make activator, and effectively etching rice husk pore-forming reaming reduces ash content, and about 2500 yuan/ton of the price of NaOH, and cost is more much lower than KOH (about 8000 yuan/ton) commonly used.
(3) the present invention adopts directly evenly mixing method activation of solid reactant, and is simpler than traditional solution dipping method technology;
(4) the active carbon specific area by method preparation of the present invention is big, may be up to 2840.79m
2/ g, content of ashes is low, can be low to moderate 3.20% (the common product in market is 5～15%), and micropore distributes many (micropore states as shown in Figure 6), average grain diameter little (about 80 μ m), and do not contain harmful impurity;
(5) active carbon of the present invention preparation is to the contaminated wastewater thing, and especially the less phenol of molecular diameter etc. has good removal effect, and its absorption is fast, and adsorbance is big, the clearance height.
Set forth the present invention in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the present invention prepares the process chart of activated carbon product;
Fig. 2: the thermogravimetric of rice husk-differential scanning calorimetric (Thermogravimetric-Differential scanning calorimeter, TG-DSC) curve map;
Fig. 3: 600 ℃ of charing 2h, alkali carbon ratio 3: 1, X-ray diffraction (X-raydiffraction, XRD) figure of 800 ℃ of activation 2h gained activated carbon products;
Fig. 4: the present invention prepares ESEM (Scanning electron microscope, SEM) figure of activated carbon product;
Fig. 5: the present invention prepares the N of activated carbon product
2The adsorption-desorption isollaothermic chart;
Fig. 6: the present invention prepares Density functional (Density functional theory, the DFT) graph of pore diameter distribution of activated carbon product;
Fig. 7: the present invention prepares the particle diameter distribution map of activated carbon product;
Fig. 8: the present invention prepares activated carbon product Pyrogentisinic Acid's absorption spirogram.
The specific embodiment
Following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention rather than limitation of the invention further.
Get an amount of rice husk at N
2In in 400 ℃ of charing 2h; Press 3: 1 even hybrid solid NaOH of alkali carbon ratio and charring rice husk, earlier at N
2In 400 ℃ of preheating 30min, again 800 ℃ the activation 2h; HCl pickling with 0.1mol/L; Washing, filtration, dry, grinding, getting specific area is 2428.05m
2/ g, content of ashes are 3.76% activated carbon product.
Get 700 ℃ of charing 2h of an amount of rice husk; Press 3: 1 mixed reactants of alkali carbon ratio, 400 ℃ of preheating 30min, 800 ℃ of activation 2h; HCl pickling with 0.1mol/L; Washing, filtration, dry, grinding, getting specific area is 1993.98m
2/ g, content of ashes are 3.23% product.
Get 600 ℃ of charing 2h of an amount of rice husk; Press 3: 1 mixed reactants of alkali carbon ratio, 400 ℃ of preheating 30min, 800 ℃ of activation 1h; HCl pickling with 0.1mol/L; Washing, filtration, dry, grinding, getting specific area is 2186.36m
2/ g, content of ashes are 4.89% product.
Get 600 ℃ of charing 2h of an amount of rice husk; Press 3: 1 mixed reactants of alkali carbon ratio, 400 ℃ of preheating 30min, 800 ℃ of activation 2h; HCl pickling with 0.1mol/L; Washing, filtration, dry, grinding, getting specific area is 2840.79m
2/ g, content of ashes are 3.32% product.Product is an impalpable structure, as shown in Figure 3; Product surface is a sclay texture, as shown in Figure 4; The product micropore distributes many, as Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment 5
Get 600 ℃ of charing 2h of an amount of rice husk; Press 3: 1 mixed reactants of alkali carbon ratio, 400 ℃ of preheating 30min, 600 ℃ of activation 2h; HCl pickling with 0.1mol/L; Washing, filtration, dry, grinding, getting specific area is 1432.73m
2/ g, content of ashes are 5.09% product.
Get 600 ℃ of charing 2h of an amount of rice husk; Press 3: 1 mixed reactants of alkali carbon ratio, 400 ℃ of preheating 30min, 900 ℃ of activation 2h; HCl pickling with 0.1mol/L; Washing, filtration, dry, grinding, getting specific area is 469.66m
2/ g, content of ashes are 3.22% product.
Embodiment 7
Get 600 ℃ of charing 2h of an amount of rice husk; Press 1: 1 mixed reactant of alkali carbon ratio, 400 ℃ of preheating 30min, 800 ℃ of activation 2h; HCl pickling with 0.1mol/L; Washing, filtration, dry, grinding, getting specific area is 429.41m
2/ g, content of ashes are 9.72% product.
Get 600 ℃ of charing 2h of an amount of rice husk; Press 4: 1 mixed reactants of alkali carbon ratio, 400 ℃ of preheating 30min, 800 ℃ of activation 2h; HCl pickling with 0.1mol/L; Washing, filtration, dry, grinding, getting specific area is 2664.91m
2/ g, content of ashes are 3.20% product.
Claims (4)
1. preparation method of active carbon is characterized in that comprising successively following steps:
(1) rice husk is washed removal of impurities, drying;
(2) with dried rice husk at N
2Middle charing, temperature is 400～700 ℃, generates the presoma charring rice husk, and grinds;
(3) press the alkali carbon ratio, promptly NaOH and charring rice husk mass ratio are 1～4, and even hybrid solid NaOH and charring rice husk are at N
2Protection earlier at 390～410 ℃ of following preheating 25～35min, rises to 600～900 ℃ of insulations of activation temperature, 1～2h down again;
(4) after the cooling, carry out pickling, impregnation process 25～35min with the HCl of 0.05～0.15mol/L;
(5) deionized water washing is filtered, and drying is ground, promptly.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, uses the HCl pickling of 0.1mol/L in described (4) step.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the drying in described (1) step or (5) step is at 100～110 ℃ of drying 1～3h;
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, (1) washes removal of impurities to rice husk, 110 ℃ of dry 2h; (2) dried rice husk is placed 600 ℃ of charing 2h of N2, obtain the black charring rice husk, and grind; (3) press alkali carbon ratio 3～4, hybrid solid NaOH and charring rice husk prior to 400 ℃ of preheating 30min, rise to 800 ℃ of insulations of activation temperature, 1～2h again under the N2 protection; (4) after the cooling, with 0.1mol/L watery hydrochloric acid impregnation process sample 30min; (5) deionized water washing, filtration, dry 2h under 110 ℃ gets the powdered active carbon material after the grinding.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102614829A (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2012-08-01 | 江南大学 | Method for preparing mycotoxin adsorbent for efficient carbon silicon feed by taking rice hulls as raw materials |
| CN102847512A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-02 | 江南大学 | Preparation method of rice husk based porous carbon fungaltoxin adsorbent |
| CN102872802A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2013-01-16 | 上海理工大学 | Modified activated carbon material and preparing method thereof |
| CN102897746A (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2013-01-30 | 珠海市吉林大学无机合成与制备化学重点实验室 | Porous carbon material and method for preparing same |
| CN102911671A (en) * | 2012-11-19 | 2013-02-06 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Preparation method of soil conditioner based on rice hull waste |
| CN103426650A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2013-12-04 | 吉林大学 | Asymmetric electrochemical supercapacitor on basis of rice-husk-based activated carbon materials |
| CN103545120A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-01-29 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Organic system hybrid capacitor with rice-hull-based activated carbon serving as electrode material |
| CN103545114A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-01-29 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Water system hybrid capacitor with rice-hull-based activated carbon serving as electrode material |
| CN103539118A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-01-29 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Preparation method of activated carbon for supercapacitor |
| CN103539119A (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2014-01-29 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Preparation method of activated carbon for electrochemical energy storage device |
| CN103551113A (en) * | 2013-11-18 | 2014-02-05 | 湖南农业大学 | Preparation method of rice-hull-based carbon-supported ferroferric oxide nanoparticle (RC-Fe3O4) and method for treating lead-contained wastewater by using RC-Fe3O4 |
| CN103936006A (en) * | 2014-04-21 | 2014-07-23 | 北京理工大学 | Method for preparing porous activated carbon material from rice bran |
| CN103971948A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-08-06 | 山东理工大学 | Method for preparing super capacitor carbon electrode material by using pistachio nut shell as raw materials |
| CN104445135A (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Nitrogen-containing carbon material with good hydrogen storage performance and application thereof |
| CN105098183A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2015-11-25 | 长春市朗欢科技有限公司 | Preparation for carbon anode material of lithium ion battery by using rice hull as raw material |
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| CN107188170A (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2017-09-22 | 镇江四联机电科技有限公司 | A kind of use mixed base activation prepares the production technology of activated carbon |
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| CN108069424A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-05-25 | 佛山韩研活性炭制造有限公司 | A kind of method that agricultural crop straw prepares low ash content active carbon with high specific surface area |
| CN109865508A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-06-11 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of method of ultrasonic wave added melting eutectic alkali regenerating waste active carbon |
| CN110734063A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-01-31 | 武汉理工大学 | method for preparing rice hull based nitrogen-doped active carbon |
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| CN111318254A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-06-23 | 吉林农业大学 | Preparation method of high-efficiency regenerated activated carbon |
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| CN102614829A (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2012-08-01 | 江南大学 | Method for preparing mycotoxin adsorbent for efficient carbon silicon feed by taking rice hulls as raw materials |
| CN102897746A (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2013-01-30 | 珠海市吉林大学无机合成与制备化学重点实验室 | Porous carbon material and method for preparing same |
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| CN111318254B (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2022-02-11 | 吉林农业大学 | Preparation method of high-efficiency regenerated activated carbon |
| CN114477355A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-05-13 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Permeable reaction wall capable of improving river bank dirt purification capacity and coupling oxygenation and adsorption and application |
| CN114477355B (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2023-12-29 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Oxygenation and adsorption coupled permeation reaction wall capable of improving river bank pollution cleaning capacity and application |
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Application publication date: 20111123 |