CN102236078B - Method for determining cycle performance of lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Method for determining cycle performance of lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102236078B
CN102236078B CN201010155850.0A CN201010155850A CN102236078B CN 102236078 B CN102236078 B CN 102236078B CN 201010155850 A CN201010155850 A CN 201010155850A CN 102236078 B CN102236078 B CN 102236078B
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lithium ion
ion battery
cycle performance
interlamellar spacing
negative material
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CN102236078A (en
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安伟峰
何伟
何名
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Shenzhen Bak Power Battery Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Bak Battery Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining the cycle performance of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps of: detecting and acquiring a physical performance index of a cathode material of the lithium ion battery; determining a layer distance of the cathode material according to the physical performance index; and establishing a calculating relation between the layer distance and the charge and discharge cycle times of the lithium ion battery. By the method, the charge and discharge cycle times of the lithium ion battery can be quickly predicted, the cycle performance of the battery can be obtained under the conditions that the cathode material is not made into the battery and actual charge and discharge operation is not performed, the testing time of the cycle performance of the battery is greatly shortened, the testing cost of the cycle performance of the battery is greatly saved, and the cathode material is more convenient to select, so that the lithium ion battery with longer service life is manufactured.

Description

A kind of method judging cycle performance of lithium ion battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to the making selection of lithium ion battery, be specifically related to a kind of method of simple and quick judgement cycle performance of lithium ion battery.
Background technology
Along with widespread use and the fast development of various portable electric appts and electric automobile, to demand and the performance requirement also corresponding raising of electrochmical power source, lithium ion battery is widely used in mobile electronic terminal device field with its advantage such as high power characteristic, memory-less effect.
The test of existing cycle performance of lithium ion battery is generally selected negative material and positive electrode are made into the charge-discharge performance that resultant battery carries out reality again to test, Chinese patent application 200620151415.X discloses a kind of equipment for test product cycle performance of battery, this equipment comprises battery bracket, battery bracket both sides correspondence is provided with pilot hole, respectively locating batteries positive pole probe and battery cathode probe, anode probe and battery cathode probe front is coaxial is oppositely arranged; Be provided with the side that anode probe is fixed on battery bracket by hold-down nut, anode probe end is connected with test positive lead; Be provided with telescopic adjustment nut by the opposite side of battery cathode probe positioning in battery bracket, and fix with hold-down nut, battery cathode probe end is connected with test negative lead.This equipment is used for that battery is placed in frock directly to be tested.But the test of existing cycle performance of lithium ion battery need make resultant battery, and on special equipment, impulse electricity carries out cycle performance test repeatedly, the high and length consuming time of cost.
The existing research about lithium ion battery life time decay mechanism is a lot, the factor of lithium ion battery life time decay is caused to comprise the reaction between positive electrode and electrolytic solution, the reaction between electrolytic solution and negative material, and the reaction between electrolytic solution foil, inside battery discharge and recharge activity repeatedly causes active material configuration to change or comes off, and the secondary cell therefore adopting different negative materials corresponding is also different for serviceable life.Therefore, how to predict the performance of lithium ion battery circulating flushing electric discharge rapidly and accurately, judge to become current industry technical matters urgently to be resolved hurrily the serviceable life of finished battery.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of simple and quick judgement cycle performance of lithium ion battery.
The technical scheme realizing described object is: a kind of method judging cycle performance of lithium ion battery, comprises the following steps: detect and obtain the physical performance index of lithium ion battery negative material; By the interlamellar spacing of physical performance index determination negative material; Set up interlamellar spacing and lithium ion battery rushes the measuring and calculating relation of putting between cycle index.
This measuring and calculating is closed: Y=1206.6*X2-808.63*X+136.35, and wherein, X represents interlamellar spacing, and Y represents lithium ion battery punching and puts cycle index predicted value.
Preferably, this physical performance index is the cell parameter that x ray diffraction (XRD) test obtains.
The interlamellar spacing computing formula adopting x ray diffraction (XRD) to test is:
D1=0.89 λ/(B cos θ), wherein, λ is the wavelength of X ray, and B is the halfwidth of diffraction peak, and θ is angle of diffraction)
Or the cell parameter that this physical performance index is x ray diffraction (XRD), one or more tests of specific surface area (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM) obtain.
Different crystallographic systems, interlamellar spacing computing formula is different, specific as follows:
For the negative material of cubic system, the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
d 2=a/(h 2+k 2+l 2)。
For tetragonal negative material, the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
1/d 2=(h 2+k 2)/a 2+l 2/c 2
For the negative material of hexagonal system, the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
1/d 2=4(h 2+k 2+hk)/3a 2+l 2/c 2
For the negative material of orthorhombic system, the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
1/d 2=h 2/a 2+k 2/b 2+l 2/c 2
For the negative material of trigonal system, the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
1/d 2=4(h 2+k 2+hk)/3a 2+l 2/c 2
For monoclinic negative material, the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
1 / d ( hkl ) 2 = h 2 / a 2 sin 2 β + k 2 / b 2 + l 2 / c 2 sin 2 β - 2 hl cos β / ac sin 2 β .
Wherein, β is angle of diffraction, and a, b, c are cell parameter, and h, k, l are the height of structure cell xyz axle respectively.
The present invention's beneficial effect is compared with prior art:
The method of judgement cycle performance of lithium ion battery of the present invention, by detecting the physical performance index of lithium ion battery negative material; By the interlamellar spacing of physical performance index determination negative material; Set up interlamellar spacing and lithium ion battery rushes the measuring and calculating relation of putting between cycle index, can judge that number of times is put in the punching capable of circulation of lithium ion battery fast, do not need negative material to be made into battery draws battery cycle performance by the discharge and recharge operation of reality, test duration of cycle performance of battery and testing cost are greatly saved and the negative material selection thus make life-span longer lithium ion battery, to solve the field such as electric motor car, space flight device to the active demand of long-life lithium ion battery of being more convenient for.
Further, by the technical scheme of each embodiment, bring following beneficial effect:
The method of judgement cycle performance of lithium ion battery of the present invention, put in interlamellar spacing and battery punching the measuring and calculating relation setting up curve between cycle index, measuring and calculating is simple.
The method of judgement cycle performance of lithium ion battery of the present invention, for the negative material of different layers spacing, make half cell and carry out 100 cycle performance tests, set up the smooth curve of capability retention and cycle index, the measuring and calculating relation judging cycle performance is summarized again, cycle performance of battery accuracy of judgement by some curves.
The method of judgement cycle performance of lithium ion battery of the present invention, only can test by x ray diffraction (XRD) interlamellar spacing obtained, simplify cycle performance deterministic process.
The method of judgement cycle performance of lithium ion battery of the present invention, the cell parameter of physically based deformation performance index provides the interlamellar spacing computing method of some crystallographic systems, for cycle performance of battery judges to provide more multipath.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below by embodiment also by reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is described in further detail:
Fig. 1 is that in embodiment one, interlamellar spacing is that the x ray diffraction (XRD) of 0.3358 nanometer anode material tests collection of illustrative plates;
Fig. 2 is that in embodiment two, interlamellar spacing is that the x ray diffraction (XRD) of 0.3361 nanometer anode material tests collection of illustrative plates;
Fig. 3 is that in embodiment three, interlamellar spacing is that the x ray diffraction (XRD) of 0.3364 nanometer anode material tests collection of illustrative plates;
Fig. 4 is that in embodiment four, interlamellar spacing is that the x ray diffraction (XRD) of 0.344 nanometer anode material tests collection of illustrative plates;
Fig. 5 is that in embodiment one, interlamellar spacing is the cycle performance curve map of 0.3358 nanometer anode material;
Fig. 6 is that in embodiment two, interlamellar spacing is the cycle performance curve map of 0.3361 nanometer anode material;
Fig. 7 is that in embodiment three, interlamellar spacing is the cycle performance curve map of 0.3364 nanometer anode material;
Fig. 8 is that in embodiment four, interlamellar spacing is the cycle performance curve map of 0.344 nanometer anode material.
Embodiment
Present embodiment relates to a kind of method judging cycle performance of lithium ion battery, in this method, after the negative material obtaining a kind of lithium ion battery, by testing its physical performance index, as XRD, BET, SEM etc. obtain cell parameter, set up physical performance index and punching and put corresponding relation between cycle index, the quality of negative material cycle performance can be judged.The method can judge that the circulating flushing of lithium ion battery puts number of times fast, do not need negative material to be made into battery draws battery cycle performance by the discharge and recharge operation of reality, test duration of cycle performance of battery and testing cost are greatly saved and the negative material selection thus make life-span longer lithium ion battery, to solve the field such as electric motor car, space flight device to the active demand of long-life lithium ion battery of being more convenient for.
The method mainly comprises the following steps: detect and obtain the physical performance index of lithium ion battery negative material; By the interlamellar spacing d of physical performance index determination negative material; Set up interlamellar spacing d and lithium ion battery rushes the measuring and calculating relation (see formula 8) of putting between cycle index.
This measuring and calculating relation (see formula 8) carries out the test of several times cycle performance by being made into half cell to some negative materials, set up the smooth curve of capability retention and cycle index, concluded by some curves again, cycle performance of battery accuracy of judgement.
The process of each cycle performance test is roughly as follows:
1, first testing the physical performance index of selected negative material, as adopted x ray diffraction (XRD), and calculating the interlamellar spacing d of this negative material;
2, again using this negative material and a certain amount of metal as to electrode B, make half cell, test uses the cycle performance of this negative material half cell, obtains the level and smooth cycle performance curve of capability retention and cycle index;
3, the measuring and calculating relational expression of interlamellar spacing and material circulation performance is finally obtained.
4, after obtaining this measuring and calculating relational expression, for other negative material, after the physical performance index that test is corresponding, this measuring and calculating relational expression can be applied mechanically to judge the cycle performance of this negative material.
Wherein, this negative material mainly refers to graphite negative electrodes material or other negative material; This is lithium metal or the lithium alloy of lithium sheet or other kind to the metal material of electrode B; This physical performance index refers to the cell parameter that one or more tests of x ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM) obtain.
Preferably, this physical performance index is the cell parameter that x ray diffraction (XRD) test obtains.Adopt XRD, can not need can calculate interlamellar spacing d at BET or SEM of test negative material.
The interlamellar spacing computing formula adopting x ray diffraction (XRD) to test is:
D1=0.89 λ/(B cos θ) (formula 1)
Wherein, λ is the wavelength of X ray, and B is the halfwidth of diffraction peak, and θ is angle of diffraction.
Or the cell parameter that this physical performance index is x ray diffraction (XRD), one or more tests of specific surface area (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM) obtain.
Different crystallographic systems, interlamellar spacing computing formula is different, specific as follows:
For the negative material of cubic system, the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
D 2=a/ (h 2+ k 2+ l 2) (formula 2)
For tetragonal negative material, the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
1/d 2=(h 2+ k 2)/a 2+ l 2/ c 2(formula 3)
For the negative material of hexagonal system, the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
1/d 2=4 (h 2+ k 2+ hk)/3a 2+ l 2/ c 2(formula 4)
For the negative material of orthorhombic system, the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
1/d 2=h 2/ a 2+ k 2/ b 2+ l 2/ c 2(formula 5)
For the negative material of trigonal system, the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
1/d 2=4 (h 2+ k 2+ hk)/3a 2+ l 2/ c 2(formula 6)
For monoclinic negative material, the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
1 / d ( hkl ) 2 = h 2 / a 2 sin 2 β + k 2 / b 2 + l 2 / c 2 sin 2 β - 2 hl cos β / ac sin 2 β (formula 7)
Wherein, β is angle of diffraction, and a, b, c are cell parameter, and h, k, l are the height of structure cell xyz axle respectively.
Below deduce in the embodiment of measuring and calculating relation, the cycle index setting up cycle performance curve is 100 times, and the interlamellar spacing scope of selected negative material is: 0.335≤X≤0.344, and X represents interlamellar spacing, and unit is nanometer.
Embodiment one:
1, the XRD of selected negative material is measured, the x ray diffraction (XRD) that please refer to the negative material shown in Fig. 1 tests collection of illustrative plates, and draw interlamellar spacing by interlamellar spacing computing formula (see formula 1-7), interlamellar spacing in embodiment one is 0.3358 nanometer, can be drawn by formula or directly be calculated by XRD software;
2, weigh 100 grams of graphite, 2.5 grams of conductive agents, 1.5 grams of spreading agents and 4 grams of thickening agents to be dissolved in a certain amount of water, be then coated with as requested, after overbaking, obtain the negative plate A needed for testing;
3, weigh a certain amount of metal lithium sheet in proportion, the oxide layer on removing surface as to electrode B, and is assembled into half cell with pole piece A and carries out cycle performance test, and its cycle performance curve as shown in Figure 5.
Embodiment two:
1, the XRD of selected negative material is measured, the x ray diffraction (XRD) that please refer to the negative material shown in Fig. 2 tests collection of illustrative plates, and draw interlamellar spacing by interlamellar spacing computing formula (see formula 1-7), interlamellar spacing in embodiment two is 0.3361 nanometer, can be drawn by formula or directly be calculated by XRD software;
2, weigh 100 grams of graphite, 2.5 grams of conductive agents, 1.5 grams of spreading agents and 4 grams of thickening agents to be dissolved in a certain amount of water, be then coated with as requested, after overbaking, obtain the negative plate A needed for testing;
3, weigh a certain amount of metal lithium sheet in proportion, the oxide layer on removing surface as to electrode B, and is assembled into half cell with pole piece A and carries out cycle performance test, and its cycle performance curve as shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment three:
1, the XRD of selected negative material is measured, the x ray diffraction (XRD) that please refer to the negative material shown in Fig. 3 tests collection of illustrative plates, and draw interlamellar spacing by interlamellar spacing computing formula (see formula 1-7), interlamellar spacing in embodiment three is 0.3364 nanometer, can be drawn by formula or directly be calculated by XRD software;
2, weigh 100 grams of graphite, 2.5 grams of conductive agents, 1.5 grams of spreading agents and 4 grams of thickening agents to be dissolved in a certain amount of water, be then coated with as requested, after overbaking, obtain the negative plate A needed for testing;
3, weigh a certain amount of metal lithium sheet in proportion, the oxide layer on removing surface as to electrode B, and is assembled into half cell with pole piece A and carries out cycle performance test, and its cycle performance curve as shown in Figure 7.
Embodiment four:
1, the XRD of selected negative material is measured, the x ray diffraction (XRD) that please refer to the negative material shown in Fig. 4 tests collection of illustrative plates, and draw interlamellar spacing by interlamellar spacing computing formula (see formula 1-7), interlamellar spacing in embodiment two is 0.344 nanometer, can be drawn by formula or directly be calculated by XRD software;
2, weighing 100 grams of graphite, 2.5 grams of conductive agents, 1.5 grams of spreading agents and 4 grams of thickening agents is dissolved in a certain amount of water, is then coated with according to the technological requirement of 423048AHJ, after overbaking, obtains the negative plate A needed for testing;
3, weigh a certain amount of metal lithium sheet in proportion, the oxide layer on removing surface as to electrode B, and is assembled into half cell with pole piece A and carries out cycle performance test, and its cycle performance curve as shown in Figure 8.
Fig. 5 to Fig. 8 is the cycle performance curve of the negative material of different layers spacing, best with the capability retention of embodiment four, and the interlamellar spacing size of material is 0.344 nanometer, and the capability retention of 100 times of circulating is 96.53%; Wherein, the interlamellar spacing of embodiment one negative material is 0.3358 nanometer, and the capability retention after 100 loop tests is 86.70%; The interlamellar spacing of embodiment two negative material is 0.3361 nanometer, and the capability retention after 100 loop tests is 87.09%; The interlamellar spacing of embodiment three negative material is 0.3364 nanometer, and the capability retention after 100 loop tests is 87.50%.
By concluding the cycle performance curve shown in Fig. 4 to Fig. 8, showing that interlamellar spacing d and lithium ion battery rush to put between cycle index and calculating relational expression:
This measuring and calculating is closed: Y=1206.6*X2-808.63*X+136.35 (formula 8)
Wherein, X represents interlamellar spacing, and Y represents lithium ion battery punching and puts cycle index predicted value.
In present embodiment, by detecting the physical performance index of negative material, as BET, XRD etc., again by physical performance index computation layer spacing, by the cycle performance of the result of calculation of these physical performance indexs and battery (that is, cycle index is put in rushing of battery) set up a kind of measuring and calculating relation of correspondence, (see formula 8).After setting up this measuring and calculating relational expression, the cycle performance of the negative material produced afterwards is predicted very soon, compared to the method for traditional actual charging cycle, negative material must be made into battery by it, drawn the cycle performance of battery by discharge and recharge, greatly save test duration of cycle performance of battery and testing cost and the negative material selection thus make life-span longer lithium ion battery of being more convenient for.
Above content is in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation further description made for the present invention, can not assert that specific embodiment of the invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some simple deduction or replace can also be made, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. judge a method for cycle performance of lithium ion battery, comprise the following steps:
Detect and obtain the physical performance index of lithium ion battery negative material, described physical performance index is cell parameter;
By the interlamellar spacing of physical performance index determination negative material;
Set up interlamellar spacing and lithium ion battery rushes the measuring and calculating relation of putting between cycle index.
2. the method for judgement cycle performance of lithium ion battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described measuring and calculating pass is: Y=1206.6*X 2-808.63*X+136.35, wherein, X represents interlamellar spacing, and Y represents lithium ion battery punching and puts cycle index predicted value.
3. the method for judgement cycle performance of lithium ion battery according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described physical performance index is the cell parameter that x ray diffraction (XRD) test obtains.
4. the method for judgement cycle performance of lithium ion battery according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the interlamellar spacing computing formula adopting x ray diffraction (XRD) to test is:
D l=0.89 λ/(B cos θ), wherein, λ is the wavelength of X ray, and B is the halfwidth of diffraction peak, and θ is angle of diffraction.
5. the method for judgement cycle performance of lithium ion battery according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the cell parameter that described physical performance index is specific surface area (BET), one or both tests of scanning electron microscope (SEM) obtain.
6. the method for judgement cycle performance of lithium ion battery according to claim 5, is characterized in that: for the negative material of cubic system, and the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
D 2=a/ (h 2+ k 2+ l 2), the wherein height of a, b, c to be cell parameter a=b=c, h, k, l be respectively structure cell xyz axle.
7. the method for judgement cycle performance of lithium ion battery according to claim 5, is characterized in that: for tetragonal negative material, and the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
1/d 2=(h 2+ k 2)/a 2+ l 2/ c 2, wherein a, b, c are cell parameter, and h, k, l are the height of structure cell xyz axle respectively.
8. the method for judgement cycle performance of lithium ion battery according to claim 5, is characterized in that: for the negative material of hexagonal system, and the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
1/d 2=4 (h 2+ k 2+ hk)/3a 2+ l 2/ c 2, wherein a, b, c are cell parameter, and h, k, l are the height of structure cell xyz axle respectively.
9. the method for judgement cycle performance of lithium ion battery according to claim 5, is characterized in that: for the negative material of orthorhombic system, and the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
1/d 2=h 2/ a 2+ k 2/ b 2+ l 2/ c 2, wherein a, b, c are cell parameter, and h, k, l are the height of structure cell xyz axle respectively.
10. the method for judgement cycle performance of lithium ion battery according to claim 5, is characterized in that: for the negative material of trigonal system, and the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
1/d 2=4 (h 2+ k 2+ hk)/3a 2+ l 2/ c 2, wherein a, b, c are cell parameter, and h, k, l are the height of structure cell xyz axle respectively.
The method of 11. judgement cycle performance of lithium ion batteries according to claim 5, is characterized in that: for monoclinic negative material, and the computing formula of interlamellar spacing is:
1 / d ( hkl ) 2 = h 2 / a 3 s in 2 β + k 2 / b 2 + l 2 / c 3 s in 2 β - 2 hl cos β / ac sin 2 β , Wherein β is angle of diffraction, and a, b, c are cell parameter, and h, k, l are the height of structure cell xyz axle respectively.
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CN106908727A (en) * 2015-12-22 2017-06-30 郑州比克电池有限公司 The method for precisely detecting lithium ion battery self discharge
CN106443483B (en) * 2016-11-07 2019-07-16 成都雅骏新能源汽车科技股份有限公司 A kind of pulse cycle life testing method of nickel-metal hydride battery for electric vehicle
CN106680726B (en) * 2016-12-22 2020-02-07 力神动力电池***有限公司 Method for testing cycle performance of lithium ion battery
CN108267693B (en) * 2017-01-01 2019-07-26 北京当升材料科技股份有限公司 A kind of fast appraisement method of anode material of lithium battery high-temperature storage performance
CN107066713B (en) * 2017-03-31 2019-06-21 广东佳纳能源科技有限公司 A kind of emulation mode for predicting lithium ion battery material chemical property
CN109856113A (en) * 2018-12-27 2019-06-07 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 A kind of evaluation method for cathode of lithium battery graphite
CN113253139B (en) * 2021-07-15 2021-10-26 天津力神电池股份有限公司 Method for rapidly evaluating cycle life of lithium ion secondary battery
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