CN102219313B

CN102219313B - Method for improving water quality of steep-slope river by drop-aeration

Info

Publication number: CN102219313B
Application number: CN2011100437147A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王沛芳; 王超; 钱进; 侯俊; 艾小榆
Original assignee: Hohai University HHU
Current assignee: Hohai University HHU
Priority date: 2011-02-23
Filing date: 2011-02-23
Publication date: 2012-07-04
Anticipated expiration: 2031-02-23
Also published as: CN102219313A

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving water quality of a steep-slope river by drop-aeration. The invention comprises the following steps: driving wood piles at two sides of a river channel, backfilling a mixture of crushed stones and soil into a riverbed between a revetment and the piles, covering vegetation to form a plant platform, pouring a trapezoid concrete pier across the river channel to form a overflow weir, and stacking block stones on the overflow weir, wherein the block stones are divided into two sides; the side with higher block stones has small gaps, and the side with lower block stones has large gaps. The invention solves the defects that existing river treatment method results in the loss of deep pools and shoals in natural rivers; primary producers such as various phytoplankton and zooplankton can not reproduce; and benthic and large animals which eat them can not inhabit the river. The invention has low cost, and good permeability, can provide aquatic animals and plants with habitat space, can form a multi-flow changing zone, a multi-organism growing zone, and a multi-fish hideout, has good drop-aeration effect, and can reduce soil loss.

Description

A kind of big gradient river drop water aeration improves the method for water quality

Technical field

The invention belongs to aquatic ecosystem and repair the field, specifically, is the method that a kind of big gradient river drop water aeration improves water quality.

Background technology

Traditional river improvement biases toward security consideration, pays much attention to and stresses best hydraulic radius, and is simple from increasing flood carrying capacity, makes river course manual workization, section simplification, riverbed hardization.Though reached the target of flood control, caused the degeneration of river ecosystem, the reduction greatly of species diversity.Along with the enhancing and the growth in the living standard of human environmental consciousness, ecological idea, the whole society is more and more urgent to the requirement of the river ecological repair and reconstruction of degeneration.Nearly natural treatment thought in river or river ecological recover thought and all put forward to the degeneration of river ecosystem; Satisfying under the human prerequisite that the river utilization is required; Through implementing relevant feasibility ecological engineering; River habitat diversification, species diversity are kept in the loss that alleviates or avoid river ecosystem in the movable influence of human use, to be caused, and safeguard that its ecosystem balance is with stable.In the natural river, the anxious and shallow place of current is in the shoal, and slow and dark place is pool.Pool and shoal are the mutual two kinds of basic riverbed structures that exist of natural river, can the place of perching, multiplying and taking refuge be provided for different hydrobionts, help forming the strong food chain structure of the ability of purifying water.The primary producer such as plant-animal that only swims begins procreation, be to dwell the end of food and macrofauna could begin to perch with them.So shoal and pool are to form the indispensable essential condition of variety water environment, the recovery of its structure can be regarded as the starting point of repairing river ecological.

Before the present invention, existing method of harnessing a river has all caused lacking pool and the shoal in the natural river, and primary producer such as various plant-animal that swim can't be multiplied, and is to dwell the end of food and macrofauna also can't begin to perch with them.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention just is to overcome above-mentioned defective, develops the method that a kind of big gradient river drop water aeration improves water quality.

Technical scheme of the present invention is:

A kind of big gradient river drop water aeration improves the method for water quality, and its major technique step is:

(1) squeezes into timber in the both sides, river course;

(2) compound of the backfill rubble folder soil body on riverbed between revetment and the timber, on cover vegetation, form the plant platform;

(3) cross the river course and build trapezoidal concrete pier, form overflow weir;

(4) stack piece stone on the said overflow weir, and divide the height both sides, the lateral mass stone gap that piece stone is high is less, and the lateral mass stone gap that piece stone is low is bigger.

The present invention has following advantage and effect:

1, the plant platform described in the invention is compared with the domestic concrete revetment that generally adopts, and cost is low, and good penetrability can provide the space of perching of aquatic animals and plants, can form multithread speed and change band, many biological growths band and many fish nest etc.

2, plant covers the face of land on the plant platform described in the invention, can avoid sputter, and the alleviation heavy rain washes away haugh, thereby reduces the loss of soil.The flourishing root system of plant has been strengthened the steadiness of the cohesive force and the structure of soil.Greenery thick grass in great numbers is not merely land insect, birds etc. the good place of looking for food, multiplying is provided; And in water, cast a shadow to the growth of fish is perched, the breeding of plant plankton provides good condition, form the how biocenotic ecosystem in land and water.Realize stability, security, the ecotype, view property and hydrophilic harmony.

3, good drop water aeration effect.Ecological riverway building described in the invention can form the artificial height of water, through piece stone gap overflow water body, forms drop, makes water body obtain aeration and reoxygenation preferably, thereby improves water quality, also produces certain landscape effect simultaneously.

4, form and quite similar pool, the shoal structure in natural river riverbed described in the invention, can form different water flow structures and flow velocity band, to satisfy of the requirement of different fish to flow velocity.Can greatly increase the specific surface area in riverbed; Making attached to the microbial numbers on the riverbed increases greatly; Be the aquatic animals and plants growth of ballow and shoaling water simultaneously; Multiple hydrocoles perches and breeding creates conditions, and keeps the variety of the current ecosystem, strengthens the self-purification capacity and the environmental capacity of water body.

5, the downside overflow weir jacking block stone described in the invention is that fish are traced back with migration condition is provided, and has solved the height of water that the river channel ecology building forms and has had a strong impact on the problem that fish are traced back.

6, the systems organization of the present invention and the comprehensive regulation, with flood control, view etc. are taken into consideration, take into account upstream and downstream; Aspects such as littoral physical environment and social development, drop water aeration that can stable for extended periods of time improves the water quality effect; It is simple to have engineering construction, and running cost is cheap, and landscape effect is fine; Net effect is outstanding, and potentiality to be exploited is big, meets big gradient river regime.

The invention solves present existence " curving cut-off ", " canal systemization ", the natural riverbed that the diversified artificial measures of river facies such as " hardization " destruction is caused disappears the aquatic ecosystem serious degradation.Adopting the structure river channel ecology to build---overflow weir changes the distribution of bank line and flow velocity; The snakelike riverbed of restore nature; Rebuild and repair impaired riverbed; Realize and the quite similar pool～shoal structure in natural river riverbed, improved the biological habitat in river, recover flow various with the current ecosystem of water body.And form ladder drop water aeration system, make water body obtain reoxygenation preferably.

The present invention builds the distribution that changes bank line and flow velocity through making up river channel ecology, makes its tail water body form disturbance.The high side of piece stone place crack of stone is little, and water flow is little, and current scour power is little, and the shoal appears in the riverbed; Piece stone downside place, crack of stone is big, and water flow is big, and current scour power is big, and the riverbed is rushed out pool.The pool quite similar with the natural river riverbed～shoal structure that forms has been improved the biological habitat in river, has brought into play the many-sided function of river ecosystem.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1---the stepped drop of the present invention system vertical view.

Fig. 2---A-A section structure synoptic diagram among Fig. 1.

Fig. 3---B-B section structure synoptic diagram among Fig. 1.

Fig. 4---stepped drop system side view of the present invention.

Label is represented among the figure:

Revetment 1, timber 2, river course 3, trapezoidal concrete pier 4, piece stone 5, plant platform 6, pool 7, shoal 8, overflow weir 9, vegetation 10, bank trees 11, upper pond level 12, the level of tail water 13.

Specific embodiments

Technical thought of the present invention is to build the distribution that changes bank line and flow velocity through making up river channel ecology, makes its tail water body form disturbance, and pool washes away in downstream in piece stone downside place, and downstream, piece stone high side place form the shoal.To form and the quite similar pool～shoal structure in natural river riverbed.Improve the biological habitat in river, brought into play the many-sided function of river ecosystem.

Specify the present invention below.

Like Fig. 1,2, shown in 3:

According to concrete meandering situation, build plant platform 6, can adopt various waste woods (like depleted sleeper on thinning timber, the railway etc.) and some other in the dust wood materials be main material; Its bank protection structure is to squeeze into timber 2 earlier at the toe place to reinforce toe; Timber or the wood materials that has been bundled into bundle (like the brambles faggot etc.) on timber 2 transversely blocks are made the palisade fence then, and fence can be made different shape according to the view needs; The backfill soil building stones are reinforced toe behind the fence; The various vegetation 10 of plantation form plant platform 6 between revetment 1 and the timber 2; Vegetation 10 will be selected according to the practical situation different requirement; And consideration weather condition; The plant of root type deeply such as shrub, subshrub can be selected like fixing soil in aspects such as soil type and view requirement, also can select the mixed type grass seeds for use; Can accomplish to dredge clump type, thicket type and rhizome type grass seeds and arrange in pairs or groups each other, to improve the soil impact resistance.

As shown in Figure 4:

According to naturally occurring riverbed, big gradient river drop, confirm the suitable spacing of building; Cross the trapezoidal concrete pier 4 of river course casting concrete, form overflow weir 9; Pile up piece stone 5 on the trapezoidal concrete pier 4; Boulder is the end of at, and fritter stone is last, and branch height both sides; The lateral mass stone gap that piece stone is high is less; The lateral mass stone gap that piece stone is low is bigger, after river channel ecology building operation for some time, forms shoal 8 in the high side of stone downstream, and stone downside downstream form pool 7.

In the period when a river is at its normal level, plant platform 6, pool 7 and shoal 8 provide the space of perching of aquatic animals and plants, can form multithread speed and change band, many biological growths band and many fish nest etc.; The ecological riverway building can form the artificial height of water, through piece stone 5 gap overflow water bodys, forms drop, makes water body obtain aeration and reoxygenation preferably, thereby improves water quality; Low water season; Plant platform 6 greenery thick grasses in great numbers are not merely land insect, birds etc. provides the good place of looking for food, multiplying; And in water, cast a shadow to the growth of fish is perched, the breeding of plant plankton provides good condition; Form the how biocenotic ecosystem in land and water, simultaneously, downside overflow weir 9 jacking block stones can be fish and trace back with migration condition is provided.

Timber 2 is squeezed in 3 both sides in the river course, on riverbed between revetment 1 and the timber 2, plants various vegetation such as arbor, shrubbery, grass quilt, forms plant platform 6; Utilize naturally occurring riverbed, big gradient river drop, suit measures to local conditions to cross the river course and build trapezoidal concrete pier 4, suitable spacing makes up overflow weir 10 step by step and forms ladder drop water aeration system, makes water body obtain reoxygenation preferably; Stack piece stone 5 on the overflow weir 10, and divide the height both sides, a lateral mass stone 5 gaps that piece stone 5 is high are less, and a lateral mass stone 5 gaps that piece stone 5 is low are bigger.Building changes the distribution of river course flow velocity whereby, makes its tail water body form disturbance, and piece stone 5 downside downstream form pool 7, and the high side of piece stone downstream form shoal 8.The structure in pool 7～shoal 8 that formation and natural river riverbed are quite similar.

Claims

1. a big gradient river drop water aeration improves the method for water quality, and its step is:

(1) squeezes into timber in the both sides, river course;

2. a kind of big gradient according to claim 1 river drop water aeration improves the method for water quality, it is characterized in that downstream, piece stone downside place form pool in the step (4), and downstream, piece stone high side place form the shoal.

3. a kind of big gradient according to claim 1 river drop water aeration improves the method for water quality, it is characterized in that flow path direction divides ladder that a plurality of overflow weirs are set along the river, makes the river upstream and downstream form stepped drop system.

4. a kind of big gradient according to claim 3 river drop water aeration improves the method for water quality, and the maximum drop of the systematic water level that it is characterized in that dropping must not surpass 1.5m.