CN102185571A - 峰值放大器的导通控制方法、装置及多合体功率放大器 - Google Patents
峰值放大器的导通控制方法、装置及多合体功率放大器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种峰值放大器的导通控制方法、装置及多合体功率放大器,其中导通控制装置包括Doherty功率放大器的峰值放大支路中的射频开关电路,该射频开关电路用于,对峰值放大支路中的峰值放大器的导通和关断进行控制。本发明避免了Doherty功放中峰值支路提前导通的缺点,降低了峰值功放的功耗,提高了整个功放的批量效率;且相比一些厂家使用复杂数字电路来改善峰值功放导通时间的方案,大幅度降低了功放的产品成本和生产成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基站功率放大器技术领域,尤其涉及一种峰值放大器的导通控制方法、装置及多合体功率放大器。
背景技术
随着绿色环保、低碳经济理念在全球不断的推广深入人心,运营商对于无线通信***的功耗降低的要求也越来越高。在无线通信***中,基站设备中的射频功率放大器(简称功放)是整个***的核心模块之一,射频功率放大器的重要指标是功放效率。数据分析表明,在整个基站设备里,功放部分的能耗占到了总体能耗的60%左右,提高功放的效率从而成为了降低基站设备功耗,降低运营商的运营成本OPEX(Operating Expense,运营成本)的最有效手段。因此,面对无线通信日益激烈的市场竞争,高效率的射频功放技术已经成为无线通信行业竞争的焦点之一。
Doherty(多合体)功放是无线通信***目前最为广泛应用的一种高效率功放技术,它是由一位名叫William H. Doherty的美国电子工程师于1936年发明的。但是在接下来的大约三十年时间里,人们的注意力转移了。直到六十年代末期,随着通信技术,特别是卫星通信的发展,将功率放大器的效率和线性问题在一个新的历史场合重新提出,Doherty放大器又被挖掘出来,广泛应用于七十年代的通信和广播***中。目前,Doherty功放与DPD(Digital Pre-distortion,数字预失真)技术结合应用,已成为无线通信***基站高效率功放主流的构架形式。
Doherty功放的基本思想是有源负载牵引,传统的Doherty功放原理如图1所示,其主要包括推动级放大器(图中Dr1…Drn)、功率分配(图中D)、载波放大器(图中C,也称为主功放)、峰值放大器(图中P,也称为辅助功放)、功率合成电路(图中Combiner)等。其中,载波功放工作在B类或AB类,峰值功放工作在C类。二者分别承担不同的输入信号功率,且需尽可能的使得两部分功放都工作在各自的饱和区中,从而保证整个功放在尽量大的输入信号功率范围内都保持较高的效率,同时保证一定的线性。
Doherty功放主要包括如下三种工作状态:
1)小信号区。当输入信号比较小的时候,峰值放大器处于关断状态,载波放大器工作在AB类,此时,载波放大器工作在最大效率匹配状态;
2)负载调制区。当输入信号增大到一定程度,载波放大器逐渐由放大区向饱和区过渡,峰值放大器逐渐由截止区向放大区过渡,此时,载波放大器和峰值放大器的负载都是不稳定的,负载阻抗随功率的变化而变化;
3)饱和区。随着输入信号的不断增大,载波放大器和峰值放大器最终都工作在饱和状态,二者均对应着50Ω负载,输出功率相加。
运营商对通信***的要求是功耗越低越好,效率越高越好。因此,我们必须不断寻求进一步降低功耗、提升效率的方法。而传统的Doherty功放有一个缺点:理论上Doherty功放的峰值功放的功耗是非常小的,但是在实际功放中峰值功放的功耗却占到了10%-20%。这是因为在Doherty功放中峰值功放工作在C类,在小信号工作时峰值放大器不导通,在放大信号由小逐步变大到一定程度时,载波放大器开始出现压缩趋势,此时峰值放大器必须能正常导通工作,否则会对DPD对功放线性的改善造成影响。而C类放大器的导通是随着信号由小到大逐渐导通的,所以在实际应用中为了在载波放大器开始压缩时峰值放大器能完全导通,必须使之在更低的电平下提前导通,这样就增大了峰值功放的功耗,从而降低了整个功放的效率。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供一种峰值放大器的导通控制方法、装置及多合体功率放大器,避免峰值放大器提前导通时增大峰值功耗。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种峰值放大器的导通控制方法,应用于多合体(Doherty)功率放大器,
在Doherty功率放大器的峰值放大支路中设置射频开关电路,并通过所述射频开关电路对所述峰值放大支路中的峰值放大器的导通和关断进行控制。
进一步地,所述通过所述射频开关电路对所述峰值放大支路中的峰值放大器的导通和关断进行控制,具体包括:
当所述峰值放大支路的输入信号小于所述射频开关电路的导通电平时,所述射频开关电路关闭,所述峰值放大器关断;
当所述峰值放大支路的输入信号增大至所述射频开关电路的导通电平时,所述射频开关电路导通,所述峰值放大器导通。
进一步地,所述方法还包括:
通过改变所述射频开关电路的控制电压的大小,调节所述射频开关电路的导通电平。
进一步地,所述峰值放大支路由多级峰值放大器组成时,所述射频开关电路是设置在末级峰值放大器之前。
进一步地,所述射频开关电路中包括:PIN管射频开关、或者单片微波集成电路(MMIC)射频开关。
本发明还提供了一种峰值放大器的导通控制装置,所述装置包括Doherty功率放大器的峰值放大支路中的射频开关电路,
所述射频开关电路用于,对所述峰值放大支路中的峰值放大器的导通和关断进行控制。
进一步地,所述射频开关电路用于,按照以下方式对所述峰值放大支路中的峰值放大器的导通和关断进行控制:
当所述峰值放大支路的输入信号小于所述射频开关电路的导通电平时,所述射频开关电路关闭,所述峰值放大器关断;
当所述峰值放大支路的输入信号增大至所述射频开关电路的导通电平时,所述射频开关电路导通,所述峰值放大器导通。
进一步地,所述射频开关电路连接有控制电压端,所述射频开关电路的导通电平通过所述控制电压端的控制电压的大小进行调节。
进一步地,所述峰值放大支路由多级峰值放大器组成时,所述射频开关电路是设置在末级峰值放大器之前。
此外,本发明还提供了一种多合体功率放大器,包括如上所述的峰值放大器的导通控制装置。
相较于现有技术,本发明至少具有以下优点:
A.效率高。本发明避免了Doherty功放中峰值支路提前导通的缺点,降低了峰值功放的功耗,提高了整个功放的批量效率,使用本发明后,可将一般峰值功放的功耗占功放总功耗的10%-20%这一比例数值降低到5%-10%;
B.成本低。相比一些厂家使用复杂数字电路来改善峰值功放导通时间的方案,本发明大幅度降低了功放的产品成本和生产成本;
C.体积小。相比一些厂家使用复杂数字电路来改善峰值功放导通时间的方案,本发明占用体积要小很多。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,构成本申请的一部分,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。在附图中:
图1为传统的Doherty功率放大器的示意框图;
图2为本发明方案应用于二路Doherty架构的原理框图;
图3为本发明应用于多级多路Doherty架构的原理框图;
图4为本发明应用示例中应用于UMTS 2.1GHz频段85W功放的示意框图。
具体实施方式
本发明的主要思想在于,通过对Doherty功放的峰值放大支路的信号通断进行控制,以减小峰值放大的功耗,从而提升整个功放的效率。
基于上述思想,本发明采用以下技术方案:在Doherty功放的峰值放大支路中加入射频开关电路,当峰值放大支路的输入信号增大到合适的幅度时射频开关导通,峰值放大器才导通,避免了峰值放大器的提前导通,从而减小了峰值功放的功耗,提升了整个功放的效率。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,下文中将结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
图2示出了应用本发明技术方案应用于二路Doherty架构的框图。图中Pin为输入信号端口;Dr1…Drn为推动级放大器;C为载波放大器、P为峰值放大器、S为射频开关电路、Vc为射频开关控制电压(改变Vc的大小可以调节射频开关的导通电平)、D为功率分配电路、Combiner为功率合成电路、Pout为信号输出端口。如图2中所示,射频开关电路S是位于各峰值放大支路的末级峰值放大器(P11……Pn1)之前。
结合图2,本发明的射频开关电路对峰值放大器的控制过程描述如下:
当峰值放大支路的输入信号较小(低于射频开关的导通电平时)的时候,整个峰值放大支路处于关断状态,而此时整个载波放大支路是工作在最大效率匹配的AB类状态。
当峰值放大支路的输入信号增大到一定程度时,载波放大支路开始逐渐由放大区向饱和区过渡,峰值放大支路由截止区向放大区过渡,起初峰值功放并不导通,也就并无功率消耗。而当输入峰值支路的信号达到射频开关的导通电平时,射频开关导通,峰值功放随之完全导通。这样就避免了峰值功放的提前导通,减小了功耗,提高了功放的效率。
此外,通过改变Vc的大小可以调节射频开关的导通电平,从而满足不同制式信号及不同峰值功放器件的要求。
最后,随着输入信号的不断增大,最终整个载波放大支路和峰值放大支路都工作于饱和状态。
本发明技术方案应用于多路多级Doherty功放架构的示意图如图3所示。图中Pin为输入信号端口;Dr为推动级放大器;D为功率分配;C11…C1n至Cn1…Cnn构成多级Doherty功放的第一条至第n载波放大支路;P11…P1n至Pn1…Pnn构成多级Doherty功放的第一条至第n条峰值放大支路;S1…Sn为第一条至第n条峰值放大支路的射频开关电路、Vc1…Vcn为相应射频开关的控制电压(改变Vc1…Vcn的大小可以调节相应射频开关的导通电平);C为功率合成电路。其性能改善的原理与二路Doherty功放架构类似。
此外,本发明实施例中还提供了一种实现由射频开关控制峰值放大器通断的方法及Doherty的设计方法。例如某UMTS功放主要技术要求如下:频率范围2110MHz-2170MHz,输出功率85W,输入信号PAR7dB,增益50dB,效率42%,线性指标(包括ACPR、SEM、Out of Band Spurious等)满足标准协议要求。
本实施例中,应用本发明方案完成整个Doherty功放的设计过程主要包括以下步骤:
步骤1,确定功放架构形式。由于本功放输出功率85W,效率要求42%以上,综合考虑功放技术指标要求及现有器件状况决定整个功放采用2路Doherty架构形式(如图2所示架构)。
步骤2,当峰值放大器由多级组成时,需首先选定末级载波放大(C1)和末级峰值放大(P1)功放管型号。依据输出功率和输入信号PAR要求,选定NXP公司的LDMOS 功放管BLF7G20LS-200作为末级的载波和峰值放大管。
步骤3,选定推动级器件。本实施例中,选定Freescale公司的MD7IC2250作为推动IC器件。该IC内部可由2条放大电路组成,每条放大电路由2级构成。并选定SXA-389Z作为第一级推动放大器件。
步骤4,完成峰值放大支路的射频开关电路。该电路的实现包括PIN二极管射频开关、单片微波集成电路(MMIC)射频开关等多种形式,开关电路必需根据需要能够快速导通。
步骤5,完成温度补偿、环行器、耦合器等其余电路设计,最终整个功放的原理图、PCB设计。
步骤6,完成整个功放的调试及测试。
应用本发明方案所设计完成的UMTS 2.1GHz频段85W功放,不仅实现简单,设计及调试方便、灵活,成本低廉,技术指标优,并且可生产性好。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实现方式举例,本发明方案可广泛的应用于各种Doherty功率放大器的设计中。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施案例而已,并不用于限制本发明,本发明还可有其他多种实施例,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员可根据本发明做出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
显然,本领域的技术人员应该明白,上述的本发明的各模块或各步骤可以用通用的计算装置来实现,它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上,或者分布在多个计算装置所组成的网络上,可选地,它们可以用计算装置可执行的程序代码来实现,从而,可以将它们存储在存储装置中由计算装置来执行,并且在某些情况下,可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤,或者将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模块,或者将它们中的多个模块或步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。这样,本发明不限制于任何特定的硬件和软件结合。
Claims (10)
1.一种峰值放大器的导通控制方法,其特征在于,应用于多合体(Doherty)功率放大器,
在Doherty功率放大器的峰值放大支路中设置射频开关电路,并通过所述射频开关电路对所述峰值放大支路中的峰值放大器的导通和关断进行控制。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述通过所述射频开关电路对所述峰值放大支路中的峰值放大器的导通和关断进行控制,具体包括:
当所述峰值放大支路的输入信号小于所述射频开关电路的导通电平时,所述射频开关电路关闭,所述峰值放大器关断;
当所述峰值放大支路的输入信号增大至所述射频开关电路的导通电平时,所述射频开关电路导通,所述峰值放大器导通。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
通过改变所述射频开关电路的控制电压的大小,调节所述射频开关电路的导通电平。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述峰值放大支路由多级峰值放大器组成时,所述射频开关电路是设置在末级峰值放大器之前。
5.如权利要求1、2、3或4所述的方法,其特征在于,
所述射频开关电路中包括:PIN管射频开关、或者单片微波集成电路(MMIC)射频开关。
6.一种峰值放大器的导通控制装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括Doherty功率放大器的峰值放大支路中的射频开关电路,
所述射频开关电路用于,对所述峰值放大支路中的峰值放大器的导通和关断进行控制。
7.如权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,
所述射频开关电路用于,按照以下方式对所述峰值放大支路中的峰值放大器的导通和关断进行控制:
当所述峰值放大支路的输入信号小于所述射频开关电路的导通电平时,所述射频开关电路关闭,所述峰值放大器关断;
当所述峰值放大支路的输入信号增大至所述射频开关电路的导通电平时,所述射频开关电路导通,所述峰值放大器导通。
8.如权利要求6所述的装置,其特征在于,
所述射频开关电路连接有控制电压端,所述射频开关电路的导通电平通过所述控制电压端的控制电压的大小进行调节。
9.如权利要求7所述的装置,其特征在于,
所述峰值放大支路由多级峰值放大器组成时,所述射频开关电路是设置在末级峰值放大器之前。
10.一种多合体功率放大器,包括如利要求6、7、8或9所述的峰值放大器的导通控制装置。
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EP11842466.2A EP2538548B1 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2011-10-27 | Method and device for controlling peak amplifier, and doherty power amplifier |
US13/513,272 US8710923B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2011-10-27 | Method and apparatus for controlling peak amplifier and doherty power amplifier |
PCT/CN2011/081392 WO2012146005A1 (zh) | 2011-04-29 | 2011-10-27 | 峰值放大器的控制方法、装置及多合体功率放大器 |
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CN112383951A (zh) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-19 | 深圳国人无线通信有限公司 | 基站发射设备及其供电管理方法 |
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- 2011-10-27 WO PCT/CN2011/081392 patent/WO2012146005A1/zh active Application Filing
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EP2538548A4 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
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