CN102149903A - 柴油发动机的排气净化装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
柴油发动机的排气通道中配设的DPF按照顺序涂覆有使用还原剂对NOx进行选择还原净化的选择还原催化剂、以及形成有允许NOx通过而阻止PM通过的大小的细孔的薄膜。于是,在DPF再生处理时,由于薄膜,PM的燃烧热不会直接传递到选择还原催化剂,通过抑制选择还原催化剂的温度上升来抑制活性成分的劣化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在柴油发动机的排气净化装置中除去排气中的氮氧化物(NOx)和颗粒状物质(PM)的技术。
背景技术
作为同时除去包含在柴油发动机的排气中的NOx和PM的排气净化装置,如日本特开2006-274986号公报(专利文献1)记载那样,提出了柴油颗粒过滤器(DPF)涂覆有NOx选择还原催化剂的装置。而且,在该排气净化装置中,由DPF来捕集、除去PM,另一方面将从向DPF的排气上游喷射、供给的尿素水溶液生成的氨用作为还原剂,在NOx还原催化剂中选择性地还原净化NOx。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2006-274986号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
然而,在DPF中,当随着PM捕集量的增加,网眼逐渐堵塞时,排压上升到允许值以上而导致燃料效率下降等。因此,如下的再生处理是不可缺少的:通过由发动机控制来提高排气温度、或使附设于DPF的电加热器工作等公知的方法,燃烧掉被DPF捕集的PM。在DPF的再生处理中,由于PM的燃烧热,DPF温度上升,因此导致涂覆于DPF的NOx选择还原催化剂的温度也上升。于是,有可能在NOx选择还原催化剂中活性成分由于过度的温度上升而引起热劣化。
因此,鉴于现有技术的问题点,目的在于提供一种柴油发动机的排气净化装置,通过使PM燃烧热不直接向涂覆于DPF的NOx选择还原催化剂传递来抑制活性成分的劣化。
用于解决问题的方案
在该排气净化装置中,柴油发动机的排气通道中配设的DPF按照顺序涂覆有选择还原催化剂和薄膜,上述选择还原催化剂使用还原剂对NOx进行选择还原净化,在上述薄膜中形成有允许NOx通过而阻止PM通过的大小的细孔。
发明效果
根据该排气净化装置,包含在柴油发动机的排气中的PM无法通过薄膜,因此被薄膜的表面捕集。另一方面,包含在排气中的NOx通过薄膜到达选择还原催化剂,在选择还原催化剂中使用还原剂来进行选择还原净化。于是,在DPF的再生处理过程中,PM的燃烧热不是通过薄膜直接传递到选择还原催化剂,选择还原催化剂的温度上升被抑制,因此能够抑制活性成分的劣化。
附图说明
图1是表示具体化了本技术的排气净化装置的一个例子的整体结构图。
图2是对DPF涂覆有NOx选择还原催化剂以及薄膜的状态的说明图。
图3是图2中的A部放大图。
具体实施方式
下面,参照附图来详述本技术。
图1表示使用作为还原剂前躯体的尿素水溶液来净化包含在柴油发动机的排气中的NOx以及PM的排气净化装置的整体结构。
在柴油发动机10的集合管12上连接的排气管14(排气通道)中,配设有捕集、除去排气中的PM的DPF16。DPF16是通过由陶瓷等多孔部件构成的隔片来形成多个与排气流大致平行的单元,各单元的入口和出口通过密封材料交错地密封而形成为锯齿格子状。而且,当出口被堵塞的单元内的排气经过隔片流入入口被堵塞的相邻的单元时,排气中的PM被构成隔片的多孔部件捕集。
如图2所示,在DPF16的排气流入面,按照顺序涂覆使用作为还原剂的氨对NOx进行选择还原净化的NOx选择还原催化剂18、以及形成有允许NOx通过而阻止PM通过的大小的细孔的薄膜20。这里,作为涂覆NOx选择还原催化剂18的方法,例如能够应用使DPF16的表面直接载有活性成分、或将具有活性成分含浸层的载体淡淡地涂覆在DPF16的表面的方法等。另一方面,为了容易形成薄膜20,作为薄膜20,优选采用氧化铝或者沸石(zeolite)等。
另外,在位于DPF16的排气上游的排气管14中,安装有以喷雾状态喷射、供给尿素水溶液的喷射嘴22。储藏于还原剂罐24的尿素水溶液经由内置有泵以及流量控制阀的还原剂添加装置26向喷射嘴22供给。
作为排气净化装置的控制***,是在位于喷射嘴22的排气上游的排气管14中安装测量导入DPF16的排气的温度(排气温度)的温度传感器28。温度传感器28的输出信号向内置有计算机的还原剂添加控制单元(以下称作“DCU(Dosing Control Unit)”)30输入。另外,为了能够适当读入作为发动机运行状态的发动机转速以及负载,DCU30经过CAN(Controller Area Network:控制器局域网)等网络连接为能够与发动机控制单元(ECU)32进行通信。此外,作为发动机负载,能够应用燃料喷射量、扭矩、油门开度、节气门开度、吸气流量、吸气负压、增压压力等公知的状态量。
而且,DCU30通过执行保存在ROM(Read Only Memory:只读存储器)等中的控制程序,运算适于排气温度、发动机转速以及发动机负载的尿素水溶液添加流量,将与该添加流量相应的控制信号输出到还原剂添加装置26。在还原剂添加装置26中,根据来自DCU30的控制信号,对泵以及流量控制阀适当进行电子控制,将与发动机运行状态相应的流量的尿素水溶液供给给喷射嘴22。
在该排气净化装置中,从喷射嘴22向排气管14喷射、供给的尿素水溶液借助于排气热以及排气中的水蒸气进行加水分解来向氨转化,该氨随着排气流向DPF16供给。涂覆于DPF16的排气流入面的薄膜20具有允许NOx通过而阻止PM通过的大小的细孔,因此如图3所示,排气中的PM34被薄膜20的表面捕集,并且排气中的NOx36通过薄膜20到达NOx选择还原催化剂18。在NOx选择还原催化剂18中,使用随着排气流供给的氨,对净化排气中的NOx36进行选择还原。
而且,为了进行DPF16的再生处理,例如即使通过发动机控制来提高排气温度使PM34着火,由于隔着薄膜20,PM34的燃烧热也不会直接传递到NOx选择还原催化剂18。因此,NOx选择还原催化剂18的温度上升得以抑制,能够抑制活性成分的劣化。
此时,由于NOx选择还原催化剂18以及薄膜20只涂覆于DPF16的排气流入面,因此涂覆有NOx选择还原催化剂18以及薄膜20的DPF16的排气通过阻抗得以降低,能够抑制排压上升导致的燃料效率以及输出下降等。另外,薄膜20是由氧化铝或者沸石所构成,因此能够容易地形成薄膜20。
此外,在以上说明的排气净化装置中,以把尿素水溶液用作还原剂前躯体为前提,但是作为还原剂或者其前躯体,根据NOx选择还原净化机制,还能够应用碳氢化合物、酒精、汽油、固体尿素等。另外,不限于向排气管14喷射、供给还原剂或者其前躯体的情况,还能够应用于使用催化剂转化器从排气成分中生成还原剂的情况。并且,NOx选择还原催化剂18以及薄膜20也可以涂覆于DPF16的排气流入面并且涂覆于排气流出面。这里,即使将薄膜20涂覆于排气流出面,对PM捕集也没有贡献,因此从降低排气通过阻抗的观点出发,优选对DPF16的排气流出面只涂覆NOx选择还原催化剂18。
附图标记说明
10:柴油发动机;
14:排气管;
16:DPF;
18:NOx选择还原催化剂;
20:薄膜;
34:PM;
36:NOx。
Claims (3)
1.一种柴油发动机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,
柴油发动机的排气通道中配设的柴油颗粒过滤器按照顺序涂覆有选择还原催化剂和薄膜,上述选择还原催化剂使用还原剂对氮氧化物进行选择还原净化,在上述薄膜中形成有允许氮氧化物通过而阻止颗粒状物质通过的大小的细孔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,所述薄膜只涂覆于所述柴油颗粒过滤器的排气流入面。
3.根据权利要求1所述的柴油发动机的排气净化装置,其特征在于,所述薄膜包含氧化铝或者沸石。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2008-230820 | 2008-09-09 | ||
JP2008230820A JP2010065554A (ja) | 2008-09-09 | 2008-09-09 | ディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化装置 |
PCT/JP2009/065521 WO2010029897A1 (ja) | 2008-09-09 | 2009-09-04 | ディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化装置 |
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CN102149903A true CN102149903A (zh) | 2011-08-10 |
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US (1) | US20110154808A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2322772A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2010065554A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102149903A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2010029897A1 (zh) |
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JP5560426B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-19 | 2014-07-30 | Udトラックス株式会社 | エンジンの排気浄化装置 |
JP5533190B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-22 | 2014-06-25 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | パティキュレートフィルター及びその再生方法 |
JP5907286B2 (ja) | 2012-12-13 | 2016-04-26 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排気浄化装置の故障診断装置 |
EP2884066B1 (de) * | 2013-12-11 | 2017-01-11 | Hirtenberger Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Diagnose eines Gegenstandes sowie Vorrichtung hierzu |
JP2018123776A (ja) * | 2017-02-02 | 2018-08-09 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP7120959B2 (ja) | 2019-04-22 | 2022-08-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 構造体 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS6017217A (ja) * | 1983-07-08 | 1985-01-29 | Toyota Motor Corp | 排ガス浄化用フイルタ |
JP2003083028A (ja) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-19 | Mitsubishi Motors Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
US7510588B2 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2009-03-31 | Ibiden Co., Ltd. | Ceramic filter and exhaust gas decontamination unit |
JP3872384B2 (ja) * | 2002-06-13 | 2007-01-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排ガス浄化フィルタ触媒 |
JP2005291062A (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp | フィルタ装置及びこれを備えた排気ガス浄化装置 |
JP2006274986A (ja) | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-12 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp | 排気後処理装置 |
DE102008010388B4 (de) * | 2008-02-21 | 2015-04-16 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Beschichtung eines Dieselpartikelfilters und damit hergestelltes Dieselpartikelfilter |
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2008
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2009
- 2009-09-04 WO PCT/JP2009/065521 patent/WO2010029897A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-09-04 CN CN2009801353332A patent/CN102149903A/zh active Pending
- 2009-09-04 EP EP09813043A patent/EP2322772A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2011
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EP2322772A1 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
WO2010029897A1 (ja) | 2010-03-18 |
JP2010065554A (ja) | 2010-03-25 |
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