CN102144496A - Method for cultivating nameko mushrooms - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for cultivating nameko mushrooms. The method comprises the steps of culture medium preparation, nutriment bottling, sterilization, cooling, inoculation, culture management, mycelium stimulation, germination management, pest control, propagation management and harvesting management. The nameko mushrooms cultivated by using the method provided by the invention have high yield and integral and attractive appearance and can meet market requirements. Moreover, soybean curd residues in adopted raw materials contain abundant crude protein, crude fat, amino acids and other nutrient substances. By using the soybean curd residues as a cultivating culture medium, considerable economic benefits can be achieved.

Description

A kind of cultivation method of HUAZIGU

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of culturing edible fungi, related more specifically to a kind of cultivation method of HUAZIGU.

Background technology

HUAZIGU has another name called sliding mushroom, light cap squama umbrella, and Japan is named and receives U.S. mushroom.Formal name used at school PholiotanamekioOn botany classification, belong to Eumycota, Basidiomycotina, Basidiomycetes, Agaricales, cortina Cordycepps, Pholiota.Belong to rare kind, originate in Japan, from the seventies middle period, start from southern areas, Liaoning Province, existing main producing region is ground such as northern Hebei, Liaoning, Heilungkiang.

HUAZIGU is a kind of low form mushroom class, and the cultivation of HUAZIGU is to be major ingredient with corncob, wood chip at present, and being equipped with cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, corn flour, lime and some additives again is auxiliary material.

When soybean curb residue is system bean curd, remaining dregs behind the elimination juice, many people think that it is the offcuts of bean product, there is not any nutrition, in fact soybean curb residue contains nutriments such as abundant thick protein, crude fat and amino acid, it as culture medium for cultivating matter, is expected to realize than considerable economic.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide the cultivation method that a kind of cost is low, be fit to the HUAZIGU of suitability for industrialized production.

Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

The cultivation method of HUAZIGU of the present invention comprises medium preparation, nutriment bottling, sterilization, cooling, inoculation, cultivates management, disturbs bacterium, vernalization management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, fertility management, the management of gathering, and the concrete steps of described cultivation method are as follows:

1) medium preparation

The prescription of medium is: by bottling amount 800ml, and nutrient source 52-54g, all the other are matrix; Matrix is hardwood sawdust; Nutrient source is wheat bran, soybean curb residue mixture, by mass ratio is: wheat bran 70%, soybean curb residue 30%;

Spice: by culture medium prescription various raw materials mixing are mixed thoroughly, moisture content in medium is 63%-65%, and the pH value is 8.0-8.5;

2) nutriment bottling

The medium branch installs in the vial, and the bottling amount is 800ml, and the vial of charged is put bottle stopper, becomes culture bottle;

3) sterilization

Normal-pressure sterilization: adopt normal-pressure sterilization,, cover moisture-proofing film, move on to the sterilization position and stack, reach 98 ℃ at the medium internal temperature and continue 4 hours later on culture bottle cotton beyond the Great Wall;

Or autoclaving: culture bottle is placed in the high-pressure sterilizing pot, after the medium internal temperature reaches 120 ℃, kept 60 minutes;

4) cooling

Culture bottle after the sterilization is cooled to below 20 ℃;

5) inoculation

Conventional sterile working; The inoculum concentration of bacterial classification is every bottle of 8ml;

6) cultivate management

Culturing room uses the bleaching water cleaning and sterilizing in advance; Postvaccinal culture bottle is placed in the dark culturing room, and the cultivation management is divided into the cultivation in early stage and the later stage is cultivated two stages, and is specific as follows:

Cultivate early stage: culturing room's temperature is controlled at 16-18 ℃, cultivates management 35 days, and the temperature of culture bottle is controlled at below 20 ℃;

Later stage cultivates: culturing room is warming up to 22-23 ℃, proceeds 10-30 days cultivation, and the temperature of culture bottle is controlled at 24-25 ℃;

Wherein the moisture management in two stages is: the relative air humidity that cultivate early stage is controlled at 60%-70%, and the relative air humidity that the later stage cultivates is controlled at 70%-80%;

7) disturb bacterium

Treat that mycelia covers with whole composts or fertilisers of cultivating, in time disturb bacterium and water filling moisturizing;

8) vernalization management

The vernalization condition: temperature is controlled at 14-16 ℃, humidity 〉=95%, CO ₂Concentration is below 2000ppm; Illuminance is 200-250Lux;

Germination time is 7-10 days, during culture bottle cover with nonwoven, keep dry, when mushroom handle length behind 5mm, remove nonwoven;

9) extermination of disease and insect pest

To the living contaminants that takes place in the incubation, give timely removing;

10) fertility management

Temperature is controlled at 14-16 ℃; Humidity 〉=90%; CO ₂Concentration is controlled at below the 20000ppm, and fruiting will increase rate of ventilation latter half, and be from HUAZIGU length to peanut particle size later period latter half, and every day early, all take a breath 1 evening, takes a breath noon 3 times; Illuminance is 50-500Lux, and be 25-40 days administrative time, makes it to get back to upright state after the germination;

11) management of gathering

When HUAZIGU mushroom umbrella presents circular state, in time gather.

Remarkable advantage of the present invention:

HUAZIGU output height, outward appearance that cultivation method of the present invention obtains are complete attractive in appearance, can satisfy the needs in market, and soybean curb residue contains nutriments such as abundant thick protein, crude fat and amino acid in the raw material that adopts, it as culture medium for cultivating matter, is expected to realize than considerable economic.

Embodiment

The cultivation method of a kind of HUAZIGU of the present invention, its concrete steps are as follows:

1) medium preparation

The prescription of medium and mass fraction thereof are: hardwood sawdust; Nutrient source mixes with wheat bran, soybean curb residue, and every bottle of 800cc medium adds the 52-54g nutrient source, and wherein: wheat bran accounts for 70%, and soybean curb residue accounts for 30%, and all the other are hardwood sawdust;

Spice: be ready to raw material by culture medium prescription and mass fraction thereof, raw material mixed mix thoroughly, moisture content in medium is 63%-65%, and pH value is 8.0-8.5;

2) nutriment bottling

Medium installs in the vial with punching type bottling machine branch, and the bottle capacity is 800cc; Vial should meet the regulation of GB9688; The vial of charged is put bottle stopper, become culture bottle;

3) sterilization cooling

Normal-pressure sterilization: adopt normal-pressure sterilization,, cover moisture-proofing film, move on to the sterilization position and stack, the medium internal temperature is reached 98 ℃ continue 4 hours later on culture bottle cotton beyond the Great Wall.

Or autoclaving: blake bottle is placed in the high-pressure sterilizing pot, after the medium internal temperature reaches 120 ℃, kept 60 minutes.

4) cooling

Cooling: the culture bottle after will sterilizing places under the weaving clean environment, is cooled to below 20 ℃;

5) inoculation

Inoculate with cultivated species; Inoculation should be carried out in strict accordance with the sterile working rules, adopts ten thousand grades of air filtering inoculations; The inoculum concentration standard of bacterial classification is every bottle of 8cc, and the seed bottle of 1500cc is inoculated 200 bottles of culture bottles approximately;

6) cultivate management

Culturing room should use bleaching powder cleaning and sterilizing, bleaching powder 100g, water 12Kg in advance; Postvaccinal culture bottle is placed in the dark culturing room, and temperature remains between 16 ℃-25 ℃, continues 45-65 days; Relative air humidity 60%-80%; Concrete cultivation is as follows:

In earlier stage cultivation temperature is at 16-18 ℃, and the temperature between the bottle is controlled at below 20 ℃, manages 35 days, and the later stage is warmed up to 22-23 ℃, and the temperature between the bottle is controlled at 24-25 ℃, proceeds 10-30 days cultivation (ripe back) management.

Moisture management: cultivate relative air humidity and be controlled at 60%-70% early stage, and the later stage cultivates relative air humidity and is controlled at 70%-80%;

Illuminance management: extremely cultivating under the dark, illumination is not arranged.

7) disturb bacterium

Treat that mycelia covers with whole composts or fertilisers of cultivating, one deck mycoderm on composts or fertilisers of cultivating surface and the remaining old mycoderma of a part are removed, disturb bacterium, make the germination synchronization.

To carry out water flood treatment after disturbing bacterium.During to the water filling of bacterium bed, avoid the high temperature place, surplus water will be discarded.Disturb the each operation of bacterium machine and all must be noted that cleaning and sterilization.

8) vernalization management

Temperature is between 14-16 ℃; Humidity is more than 95%, CO ₂Concentration is below 2000ppm; Illuminance about 200Lux, burn daylight.

Be 7-10 days during this time, cover, keep dry with nonwoven.When mushroom handle length behind 5mm, remove the cladding material of culture bottle.

9) extermination of disease and insect pest

To the living contaminants that takes place in the incubation, give timely removing;

10) fertility management

Temperature can not be above 20 ℃ between 14-16 ℃; Humidity is more than 90%; CO ₂Concentration is below 20000ppm, and fruiting will increase rate of ventilation latter half, and morning every day, evening all take a breath 1 time, take a breath noon 3 times; Illuminance between 50-500Lux, during be 25-40 days, make it to get back to upright state after the germination.

11) management of gathering

When HUAZIGU mushroom umbrella presents circular state, should in time gather; Every strain results when gathering, perhaps the film at cap can't cut, only cuts umbrella portion under the state of not parachute-opening, is placed in the plastic crate; Require the mushroom lid facing to the mushroom lid, note not breaking cap;

12) adopt post processing

Put into 2 ℃ of-5 ℃ of refrigerated room precoolings after HUAZIGU is gathered, every basket is staggered and stacks during precooling; Be used for the need precooling of selling the domestic market 4 hours, the need precooling that is used for selling the overseas market is more than 8 hours; Cut head and under 18 ℃ of conditions, carry out, prune unclean epidermis and arrangement mushroom shape; Carry out classification in cutting the mushroom process, mushroom bodies at different levels require mushroom lid rounding, and the mushroom body is even, fresh, pure white; Adopt the packing of polypropylene knuckle plastic sack, vacuumize to tighten sack and it is moved on in 0 ℃ of refrigerated room and preserve.

Claims (1)

1. the cultivation method of a HUAZIGU, comprise medium preparation, nutriment bottling, sterilization, cooling, inoculation, cultivate management, disturb bacterium, vernalization management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, fertility management, the management of gathering, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps of described cultivation method are as follows:

1) medium preparation

The prescription of medium is: by bottling amount 800ml, and nutrient source 52-54g, all the other are matrix; Matrix is hardwood sawdust; Nutrient source is wheat bran, soybean curb residue mixture, by mass ratio is: wheat bran 70%, soybean curb residue 30%;

Spice: by culture medium prescription various raw materials mixing are mixed thoroughly, moisture content in medium is 63%-65%, and the pH value is 8.0-8.5;

2) nutriment bottling

The medium branch installs in the vial, and the bottling amount is 800ml, and the vial of charged is put bottle stopper, becomes culture bottle;

3) sterilization

Normal-pressure sterilization: adopt normal-pressure sterilization,, cover moisture-proofing film, move on to the sterilization position and stack, reach 98 ℃ at the medium internal temperature and continue 4 hours later on culture bottle cotton beyond the Great Wall;

Or autoclaving: culture bottle is placed in the high-pressure sterilizing pot, after the medium internal temperature reaches 120 ℃, kept 60 minutes;

4) cooling

Culture bottle after the sterilization is cooled to below 20 ℃;

5) inoculation

Conventional sterile working; The inoculum concentration of bacterial classification is every bottle of 8ml;

6) cultivate management

Culturing room uses the bleaching water cleaning and sterilizing in advance; Postvaccinal culture bottle is placed in the dark culturing room, and the cultivation management is divided into the cultivation in early stage and the later stage is cultivated two stages, and is specific as follows:

Cultivate early stage: culturing room's temperature is controlled at 16-18 ℃, cultivates management 35 days, and the temperature of culture bottle is controlled at below 20 ℃;

Later stage cultivates: culturing room is warming up to 22-23 ℃, proceeds 10-30 days cultivation, and the temperature of culture bottle is controlled at 24-25 ℃;

Wherein the moisture management in two stages is: the relative air humidity that cultivate early stage is controlled at 60%-70%, and the relative air humidity that the later stage cultivates is controlled at 70%-80%;

7) disturb bacterium

Treat that mycelia covers with whole composts or fertilisers of cultivating, in time disturb bacterium and water filling moisturizing;

8) vernalization management

The vernalization condition: temperature is controlled at 14-16 ℃, humidity 〉=95%, CO ₂Concentration is below 2000ppm; Illuminance is 200-250Lux;

Germination time is 7-10 days, during culture bottle cover with nonwoven, keep dry, when mushroom handle length behind 5mm, remove nonwoven;

9) extermination of disease and insect pest

To the living contaminants that takes place in the incubation, give timely removing;

10) fertility management

Temperature is controlled at 14-16 ℃; Humidity 〉=90%; CO ₂Concentration is controlled at below the 20000ppm, and fruiting will increase rate of ventilation latter half, and be from HUAZIGU length to peanut particle size later period latter half, and every day early, all take a breath 1 evening, takes a breath noon 3 times; Illuminance is 50-500Lux, and be 25-40 days administrative time, makes it to get back to upright state after the germination;

11) management of gathering

When HUAZIGU mushroom umbrella presents circular state, in time gather.