CN102135068A - Wing span type self-adapting blade structure - Google Patents
Wing span type self-adapting blade structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a new blade structure of a wind generator, in particular to a wing span type self-adapting blade structure. The wing span type self-adapting blade structure comprises a main shaft, a support rod, a blade support frame, an auxiliary support frame, a blade set, a connecting device, a limiting rod, a counter weight module and a traction device. Under the action of the wind power and the gravity, the wing span type self-adapting blade structure looks like the flapping wings of the birds, the shape of the blade can be automatically adjusted according to the wind speed, and the shape of the blade is converted among the statuses of 'wing spanning-wing fanning-wing spanning-wing fanning...'. The wing span type self-adapting blade structure keeps a larger wind application area under the status of low wind speed, thereby being easy to start up, and reduces the wind resistance of the blade by automatically converting the statuses under the status of high wind speed, thereby avoiding the overhigh rotation speed. The wing span type self-adapting blade structure is exquisite in conception, ingenious in structure, and simple in installation, so that the difficulty of the power control of a wind power fan is solved, and a creative contribution is offered to further reduce the doorsill of the wind generation and the improve the quality of the wind power.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of blade structure, relate in particular to a kind of blade structure that is applicable to the wind generating unit blower fan.
Background technique
In the face of the exhausted day by day threat of fossil fuels such as coal and oil, renewable energy sourcess such as wind energy and solar energy have been subjected to great attention in the whole world.Wherein, wind-power electricity generation is one of renewable energy sources of the most ripe, the tool commercialized development prospect of technology in the new energy.The many countries in the whole world early have recognized that wind-power electricity generation in the significance of aspects such as environmental pollution of readjusting the energy structure, releive, and comprise that developed countries such as Germany, Denmark, Spain, the U.S. fall over each other to develop wind energy.And in the Asia, India, Japan, and China also installs blower fan in recent years energetically, actively improves the wind-power electricity generation accounting.According to the GWEC of GWEC report in 2007, the country of present global blower fan apparatus capacity TOP V comprises German 22.3GW, U.S. 16.8GW, Spain 15.1GW, India 7.8GW, and Chinese 5.9GW.With the U.S. is example, and civilian dress has established 5 in the middle of 2007 1 year, 244MW, and installed capacity has grown up 45%, is the highest country of the new installing in whole world fan capacity growth.The U.S. estimates will provide 48,000,000,000 degree electricity at all wind fields in 2008, accounts for the power consumption of the whole America 1%.GWEC estimates that may replace Germany in the U.S. in 2009 becomes the maximum country of global wind-force electric motor power.Another country that greatly develops wind-force in the recent period is a China, and China increased newly about 3 in 2007 1 year, and the fan capacity of 304MW grew up 145% than 2006, and the Chinese renewable sources of energy CREIA of TIA predicts overall apparatus capacity in 2015 can reach 50GW.Follow the raising of wind-power electricity generation accounting, Chinese wind energy related industry is also grown up fast, and two strong wind machine MANUFACTURER Gold Wind and Sinovel can independently provide the blower fan of 42% China to set up at present.According to the prediction of GWEC, before 2012, global blower fan apparatus capacity can reach 240GW, supply 3% of global electric power approximately.
The present development trend of wind-power electricity generation has following four main directions.
Single-machine capacity increases
In 20 years, the typical electric motor power of turbofan is increased to 5MW from 50kw in the past.Along with technology is ripe gradually, diversified design concept is also headed for unification gradually.Because the big wind-driven generator that is adopted in the wind-force field is than more economically little, thereby the capacity of blower fan constantly increases.The capacity of wind-driven generator will continue to increase.Some MANUFACTURER have been developed other turbofan of 6MW level.And, along with the increase of fan capacity, wherein must adopt some new composite materials and new technology.Large-scale machine is more suitable for wind-force field, strand, and in the higher country of the population density, along with the land breeze field of force utilizes totally, more and more important share will be occupied in wind-force field, strand in the wind energy development in future.
The variation of wind-powered electricity generation machine blade
Single-machine capacity constantly increases, and the length of blade also constantly increases, and present 2MW draught fan impeller is swept the wind diameter and reached 72m.The longest blade has been accomplished 50m at present.The most existing turbofan mostly has 3 blades, has only the only a few turbofan still to have only the type of 2 blades, and the quantity of this turbofan is also among further reducing.The turbofan technology now has been enough maturations, and the reliability of machine is high, and availability is usually between 98% ~ 99%.The blade material is developed into the carbon fiber of intensity height, light weight by galss fiber reinforced resin.Blade also develops to flexible direction.Some early stage blower fan blades are according to the wing design of helicopter, but the blade of blower fan is to operate in the aerodynamic force environment very different with helicopter.To the further improvement of blade profile, increased the efficient of blower fan seizure wind energy.For example, at American National renewable sources of energy development in laboratory a kind of new blade, the ability of catching wind energies than early stage some blower fan blades is big.Therefore in wind power technology developed countries such as Denmark, the U.S., Germany, there is multi-specialized researcher all utilizing advanced equipment and technical specifications to be devoted to the developmental research from theory to application of new blade profile.Wind-powered electricity generation circle generally believes, the rotor diameter of wind-powered electricity generation unit or wind sweeping area more can reflect the characteristic of wind-powered electricity generation unit than rated capacity, and the rotor diameter of wind-powered electricity generation unit and rated capacity are not one to one.
The pylon height rises
In, in the design of large-scale wind electricity machine, adopted higher pylon, to catch more wind energy.Be located in the blower fan of flat terrain, Duoing 20% than the 30m eminence in the wind energy that 50m highly catches.
The development of control technique
Especially it should be noted that development, developed a kind of speed change wind-powered electricity generation machine in recent years along with Power Electronic Technique.It has cancelled heavy step-up gear, generator shaft is directly connected on the blower fan axle, the rotating speed of rotor changes with wind speed, the frequency of its Ac also changes thereupon, through placing the high-power power electronic converter on ground, the AC rectification that frequency is indefinite becomes direct current, is reverse into the Ac output with the electrical network same frequency again.Because it is designed to can both obtain bigger aerodynamic efficiency under nearly all wind regime, thereby improved the efficient of catching wind energy widely.Test shows, when mean wind velocity 6.7m/s, the speed change wind-powered electricity generation is confidential catches 15% wind energy more than constant speed wind-powered electricity generation machine.Simultaneously, because the cabin quality has alleviated and improved the force-bearing situation of each parts of transmission system, the supporting structure of blower fan is alleviated, expenses such as basis also can reduce, and operation and maintenance cost is also lower.This is a kind of rising technology.
The chronic illness of the maximum of wind-power electricity generation is unstable, and electrical network is called wind-powered electricity generation in " rubbish ".The startup of blower fan needs one to start wind speed, has just expired generated energy when wind speed surpasses certain definite value, will shut down when wind speed surpasses maximum rating, not so can cause great destruction to machine.Present electrical network still needs the thermal power plant of round-the-clock running as " basic guarantee ", and it can provide lasting electric energy to the user, and wind-power electricity generation is difficult this important task of load., generated energy more date big at wind-force can be imagined as water to the electricity that sends, and the new source, water source that produces constantly flows in user's the pond, reaches balance.If water is too many quickly, the pond be can not load, and will overflow.Equally, strong wind blows, and wind-driven generator sends a lot of electricity suddenly, exceeds the capacity of storage battery and electric substation, will burn out machine.So in the bigger date, if electric substation's pressure is excessive, the electrical network aspect will notify the wind power station staff " to ration the power supply " at wind-force.After wind-driven generator is received staff's shutdown command, can be earlier by the variation of blade slow down rotating speed, mechanical brake then.If user's consumed power strengthens, perhaps wind-force reduces, and electrical network can be notified wind power station recovered part generator operation.Wind-power electricity generation is underproduce sometimes, and excess production capacity is added wind-force and changed very difficult prediction, so cause the very big waste of production capacity sometimes.A method that addresses this problem is the intelligent power station of development.The intelligence power station is equivalent to an intelligent water valve system, relies on computer to allocate the electric power that each power station sends in real time automatically, allows " the water automatic stream low water level of high water level ".Electrical network wishes that now wind-powered electricity generation factory self can solve the problem of stable power-supplying, wish that it can cross the cooperation utilization of energy storage device and generator, export more stable electric energy, perhaps by predicting the wind-force size, oneself provides the plotted curve that generates electricity more accurately, so that can regulate and control to divide power distributing amount.These 2 also are difficult to solve now.Even intelligent power station has been arranged, still be difficult to avoid the wind-power electricity generation problem of excess production capacity sometimes.So another solution route also is worthy of consideration, that is exactly that accumulate is standby.If the dried up power station in wind power station is nearer, can drive the accumulation of energy of water pump water lift with wind-powered electricity generation.Can also charge the battery and it is also conceivable that with the electric energy brine electrolysis to produce hydrogen.Even can also directly desalinize seawater with wind-powered electricity generation.There is various problems in these regulation technologies at present, are not the general mean of calculating in the wind-power electricity generation.
This shows that wind power generating set must have a cover control to be used for power-limiting and rotating speed, wind power generating set is obtained when strong wind or fault are crossed load.Along with the wind-driven generator pool-size increases, the expense of corresponding safety improves, and the scope of structure overload is also just more little.Only under the effect of these functions, good electric energy be could export, as power swing and the generation frequency consistent avoided with electrical network.When wind speed reached a certain value, wind power generating set reached rated power.The velocity variations regular meeting of natural wind surpasses this wind speed, when normal operation, is not the size of limiting structure load, but generator overload back is overheated.The wind power generating set MANUFACTURER generally can provide the ability of generator overload.Control allows the generator short-time overload, but must not transship for a long time or often.Because wind speed and power are three cubed relations, after wind power generating set reaches rated point, corresponding power adjustments measure must be arranged, and the output power of unit is no longer increased.Although wind-driven generator is varied, concludes from running shaft and blade structure and can simply be divided into two classes: horizontal axis wind-driven generator, the running shaft of wind wheel is parallel with wind direction; Vertical axis aerogenerator, the running shaft of wind wheel is perpendicular to ground or airflow direction.According to the pneumatic equipment blades made running speed, can be divided into that constant speed is decided the frequency generator system and speed change is decided the frequency generator system, wherein the constant speed power generation system is simpler, is widely used in the wind-power generating system in early days.Yet in service in constant speed, when wind speed rose to, huge wind energy passed to mechanical component by blade, with producing very big mechanical stress, certainly will need the higher mechanical parts of intensity, therefore cause the unit accessory size bigger, weight strengthens, and cost rises, and the tower design difficulty is big.And speed change wind-force unit is compared with the Fixed Speed Wind Turbine Generator group, it can change according to wind speed when the superiority of Variable Speed Wind Power Generator was to hang down wind speed, keep the optimum speed operation with the acquisition maximal wind-energy, and when high wind speed, utilize the variation of blade rotational speed, store or the release portion energy.Improve the flexibility of rotation system, help reducing mechanical stress, requirement to indexs such as the required rigidity of part, intensity all can descend, and therefore in more jumbo wind-power generating system, Variable Speed Wind Power Generator might replace Fixed Speed Wind Turbine Generator and consist of following main force's type.Particularly some Variable Speed Wind Power Generator have adopted the changer technology of High Power Factor, have solved problems such as harmonic wave and low power factor effectively.
No matter no matter is horizontal axis wind-driven generator or vertical axis aerogenerator, be that constant speed is decided frequency generator or speed change is decided frequency generator also, and the main at present methods that adopt two kinds of adjusting power all are to adopt aerodynamics method to regulate.A kind of is fixed pitch stall-adjusted method; A kind of is the feather regulating method.
Fixed pitch stall-adjusted method mainly is to distribute by the torsional angle of determining vane airfoil profile, make wind wheel power reach rated point after, reduce lift and improve that resistance realizes.Stall control is a kind of good power regulating method, because it need not any additional rotation parts, blade rigid is fixed on the wheel hub, and therefore, its cost is lower.Under general runnability, the power resources on the wind wheel flow through the lift of generation on aerofoil profile in air-flow.Because wind speed round is constant, the angle of attack that wind speed increases on the blade increases thereupon, and to the last air-flow separates and produces and come off at the aerofoil profile upper surface, this phenomenon is called stall, just as shown in figure below.In case the angle of attack reaches stalling point, foline will enter the stall zone, cause moment of torsion to reduce, and power also and then reduces.But because the increase of resistance items, the power that acts on the unit increases.Stall is not always under the same angle of attack, and relevant with change in angle of attack (as fitful wind) is a dynamic changing process.Return between the proper flow in stall and air-flow, have retardation phenomenon to exist, cause vane stress to alter a great deal.
The Stall Type unit is relatively more responsive to established angle, and it is best that the established angle of blade will reach as far as possible, in order to avoid influence the unit nominal output.The Stall Type unit is subjected to the influence of air density also bigger in addition, might not reach its specified output in the high altitude localities.
The starting characteristic of stall control type unit is poor, when wind wheel is static, the disturbance of air-flow occurs, and starting torque is very little so, mainly is to cause owing to the lip-deep air flow at blade changes.Generally when starting, generator moves as motor grid type stall control unit, and at this moment few from the electric energy of electrical network absorption, wind wheel can accelerate to synchronous speed very soon and automatically become generating state by motoring condition.
A difficult problem of stall control is if the wind power generating set off-grid, wind wheel will speed up, in this case, the angle of attack will reduce, and blade will break away from the stall zone, cause the moment of torsion on the wind wheel to increase, this will aggravate the degree of wind wheel hypervelocity, therefore, and relative pitch-controlled wind-driven generator group, when the brake of design Stall Type wind power generating set, more should note its Security.
Compare with the feather unit, when surpassing rated wind speed, the angle of attack enters the stall zone, and it is very big that aerodynamical resistance becomes, and end thrust increases and increases along with wind speed; Therefore, the end thrust that the Stall Type wind wheel produces, thrust can increase when continuing to increase along with wind speed, and when power invariability or also can be like this when descending a little.To compare the load of being born big for each parts of stall control type unit and feather control unit like this.Stall control unit must have reliable brake, and to guarantee that wind wheel can stop, the load on braking mechanism and wind wheel is all much bigger than feather unit like this.
The excursion of power depends on when begin stall.When airspeed changes when fast more, moment the angle of attack very big and very fast blade produces stall, the stall in short-term of part, power also has corresponding variation when the power overrate.Behind the blade stall, fitful wind is little to power swing influence, because lift variation is little during stall.The power swing that produces in this scope changes little, and the same with the feather unit, air-flow stall is just as the power adjustments of feather unit.Instantaneous power changes relatively very for a short time when stall when wind speed changes, and the feather unit has only just can reach the little purpose of variable power when displacement speed is very fast.
The pluses and minuses of stall control type wind wheel are as follows.
Advantage:
Movement-less part between blade and the wheel hub, wheel hub structure is simple, and expense is low;
The maintenance expense that does not have power adjustments;
The fluctuation of power is relatively little after stall.
Shortcoming:
Aerodynamic brake reliability design and manufacturing require high;
Dynamic load height on blade, cabin and the pylon;
Owing to often need brake process, in blade and transmission, produce very high mechanical load;
Startability is poor;
The wind load that unit bears is big;
At the inaccessible rated power in low air density area.
The feather regulating method mainly is to regulate by changing the aerofoil profile change in angle of attack, profile lift being changed.Feather control is used for Large-scale Wind Turbines more.Feather control is to reduce the angle of attack by the gear mechanism rotor blade between blade and the wheel hub, reduces the lift of aerofoil profile thus, to reach the moment of torsion that reduces to act on the wind wheel blade and the purpose of power.But the continuous variation of blade incidence relative wind when becoming the oar adjusting is so that obtain the scope that the output of wind wheel power reaches hope.When 90 ° of angles of attack, be the feather position of blade.When wind power generating set was normally moved, blade changed and power-limiting to the low incidence direction.General displacement scope is 90 °-100 °.To feathering, blade is just as the vertical tail of aircraft from 0 ° of angle of starting.In addition, also have a kind of mode, promptly deliberate speed loss claims negative displacement again, just as stall is regulated.Negative displacement scope is generally about-5 °; Before rated power point, the propeller pitch angle of blade is changeless, and is the same with the fixed pitch wind wheel; (after being stalling point) after the rated power, because blade stall causes wind wheel power to descend, the wind wheel output power is lower than rated power, in order to compensate this part loss, suitably adjusts the propeller pitch angle of blade, improves the power output of wind wheel.
When reaching optimum operation, generally reached rated power, just no longer become oar.The working time of 70%-80% zero to this segment limit between the rated power pitch be in non-the optimum state, can produce very big energy loss like this, and definite optimum angle of attack decides by measuring wind, and measuring wind speed is often inaccurate, produces negative effect on the contrary.Because during fitful wind, wind wheel blade becomes the oar response lag and can produce power lose, to such an extent as to optimum angle of attack when partial load run, can't reach stable adjusting.The quality of power adjustments, relevant with blade displacement speed.Blade displacement speed should be very fast, and with the very little wind wheel rotating mass moment of inertia of generation, and quality of regulation remains unchanged.
The pluses and minuses of feather control type wind wheel are as follows.
Advantage:
Startability is good;
Braking mechanism is simple, and wind speed round can descend gradually behind the blade feathering;
Power output before the rated point is full;
The later output power of rated point is level and smooth;
That the wind wheel blade root is born is quiet, dynamic load is little.
Shortcoming:
Because have blade pitch-changing mechanism, wheel hub complicated, reliability design requires high, the maintenance cost height;
The power adjustments complexity, the expense height.
For many years, the wind-powered electricity generation industry does not have new design to emerge in large numbers on running shaft and blade structure.There is not brand-new framework to meet or exceed present blade structure to catching the efficient of wind energy.Particularly do not design this angle, realize new power adjustments mode from blade structure.
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Summary of the invention
For solving the technical problem of wind generating unit Fan Regulation power, the invention provides a kind of span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure of wind generating unit blower fan.Described span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure comprises at least one main shaft, at least one strut, at least two blade racks, at least two auxiliary stands, at least two position-limited levers, at least two counterweight modules and vane group.Described vane group comprises a slice upper strata blade and a slice lower leave at least.Described strut root is connected by connection set with main shaft, and strut is around main axis rotation.Described blade rack passes and is fixed on the strut, and blade pass crosses mounting points and blade rack flexibly connects, and two blades are along strut mirror image symmetry.Auxiliary stand passes and is installed in the root of strut and portion slightly, and blade rack is clipped in the middle, and the auxiliary stand blade parallels with blade rack.Position-limited lever passes and is installed on auxiliary stand and the blade rack, and position-limited lever is parallel with strut.Described blade is that rotatingshaft rotates with the mounting points, and under the state of rest, the minimum angle of blade and blade rack is 5 degree.Be close on the blade surface counterweight module is installed, the end that blade is equipped with the counterweight module does not have counterweight module one end to the strut perpendicular distance to the strut perpendicular distance greater than blade.
In no wind environment, be subjected to gravity effect, the moment that the upper strata blade is equipped with counterweight module one end does not have the moment of counterweight module one end greater than the upper strata blade, the upper strata blade is that rotatingshaft centers on the mounting points rotation with the mounting points, the upper strata blade is equipped with counterweight module one end, meanwhile the upper strata blade does not have counterweight module one end and rises, and an end that the counterweight module is housed up to the upper strata blade withstands position-limited lever and till stopping operating.At this moment, the upper strata blade keeps open configuration, and the minimum angle of upper strata blade and blade rack is 5 degree.
In no wind environment, be subjected to gravity effect, the moment that lower leave is equipped with counterweight module one end does not have the moment of counterweight module one end less than lower leave, lower leave is that rotatingshaft centers on the mounting points rotation with the mounting points, lower leave is equipped with counterweight module one end and rises, meanwhile lower leave does not have counterweight module one end and descends, and an end that the counterweight module is housed up to lower leave withstands position-limited lever and till stopping operating.At this moment, lower leave keeps open configuration, and the minimum angle of lower leave and blade rack is 5 degree.
At this moment, the end that the upper strata blade is equipped with the counterweight module is relative with the end that lower leave is equipped with the counterweight module, and blade is kept open configuration, and shape exactly likes the appearance of birds spread apart wing.At this moment, it is maximum that blowing area reaches, and can catch wind energy to greatest extent, promotes rotating speed.
When air-flow blows to described span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure because have angle between blade and blade rack, formed a funnelform structure, air-flow along blade surface never an end of counterweight module flow to the end that the counterweight module is arranged.If the blade that is in complete open configuration is looked as a whole, air-flow never the two ends up and down of counterweight module to the intermediate portion motion that the counterweight module is arranged.Air-flow is more to the end near the counterweight module, and just rapid more, blast is increasing.When wind speed surpasses a threshold value, air-flow is applied to the moment that the upper strata blade is equipped with counterweight module one end and adds that the upper strata blade does not have the moment of counterweight module one end, begin to surpass the moment that counterweight module gravity applies, the upper strata blade is that rotatingshaft centers on the mounting points rotation with the mounting points, the upper strata blade is equipped with counterweight module one end and rises, meanwhile the upper strata blade does not have counterweight module one end and descends, up to the upper strata blade till the wind-force effect is issued to dynamic balancing.At this moment, the maximum angle that can reach between upper strata blade and blade rack is 120 degree.
Equally, when wind speed surpasses a threshold value, air-flow be applied to lower leave be equipped with counterweight module one end moment add the moment that counterweight module gravity applies, begin to surpass lower leave and do not have the moment that counterweight module one end applies, lower leave is that rotatingshaft centers on the mounting points rotation with the mounting points, lower leave is equipped with counterweight module one end and descends, and meanwhile lower leave does not have counterweight module one end and rises, up to lower leave till the wind-force effect is issued to dynamic balancing.At this moment, the maximum angle that can reach between lower leave and blade rack is 120 degree.
At this moment, the appearance that flutters of the similar birds of blade shape.At this moment, air-flow passes through from the passage in the middle of upper strata blade and the lower leave, and blowing area drops to minimum, has reduced windage, avoids rotation speed of fan too high.
When strut turns over the windward side, when air-flow reduces the influence of blade, be subjected to gravity effect, the moment that the upper strata blade is equipped with counterweight module one end does not have the moment of counterweight module one end greater than the upper strata blade, the upper strata blade is that rotatingshaft centers on the mounting points rotation with the mounting points, the upper strata blade is equipped with counterweight module one end, meanwhile the upper strata blade does not have counterweight module one end and rises, and an end that the counterweight module is housed up to the upper strata blade withstands position-limited lever and stops operating or till the position with blade rack folder acute angle reaches dynamic balancing.At this moment, the upper strata blade keeps open configuration.Equally, be subjected to gravity effect, the moment that lower leave is equipped with counterweight module one end does not have the moment of counterweight module one end less than lower leave, lower leave is that rotatingshaft centers on the mounting points rotation with the mounting points, lower leave is equipped with counterweight module one end and rises, meanwhile lower leave does not have counterweight module one end and descends, and an end that the counterweight module is housed up to lower leave withstands position-limited lever and stops operating or till the position with blade rack folder acute angle reaches dynamic balancing.At this moment, lower leave keeps open configuration.When blade was kept open configuration, shape exactly liked the appearance of birds spread apart wing.At this moment, it is big that blowing area becomes, and blade can begin to catch wind energy again.
Under the effect of air-flow and self gravitation, upper strata blade and lower leave move in circles, and blade is according to the automatic adjusting vane attitude of wind speed, integrality conversion between the state of " spademan-fan wing-spademan-fan wing ... ".Experiment shows, complete flexibly moving design, span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure can respond wind-force rapidly and change, and the wave range of spindle speed is much smaller than the blower fan of conventional construction, and rotating speed can remain in the very narrow speed range in most of period, was easy to control the output power of blower fan.The pitch-variable system of the complex and expensive of generally using with present large fan is compared, reaction velocity hypermutation system for rotating far away, and the complex structure degree reduces greatly, and price is also more cheap.Simultaneously, span formula self-adaption leaf blade designs simplification to the design of the mechanical transmission of speed-changing gear box and so on, inverter and so on " mechanical energy-electric energy " conversion equipment, reduced whole complexity and the manufacture cost of wind-power electricity generation equipment.
Described span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure blows from the horizontal plane either direction at wind, can be caught by blade.Compare with horizontal axis wind-driven generator, improved the efficient of catching wind energy, omitted complicated tail vane or " wind direction sensor+actuating motor " form to wind apparatus, greatly reduce the cost of blower fan system.Compare with vertical axis aerogenerator, the far super vertical axis aerogenerator of output power that has used the wind-driven generator of span formula self-adaption leaf blade to accomplish has the incomparable advantage of vertical axis aerogenerator.
This span formula self-adaption leaf blade is simple in structure, easy to assembly, and novel structure can substitute existing fan blade structure fully.Solved the difficult problem of wind-powered electricity generation power of fan control,, improved the wind-powered electricity generation power quality and made creatively contribution for further reducing the wind-power electricity generation threshold.And startup wind-force of the present invention is three grades only, makes the area that in the past can not use wind-powered electricity generation also can use wind-powered electricity generation.
A kind of improved form of the present invention.Span formula self-adaption leaf blade structural design is, comprises a main shaft, three struts, 12 blade racks, six roots of sensation auxiliary stand, six roots of sensation position-limited lever, six counterweight modules, three upper strata blades, three lower leaves.After increasing a strut, increased a slice upper strata blade and a slice lower leave, improved blade, met the three-vaned development trend of current blower fan wind wheel utilization ratio of wind energy.Auxiliary stand is at the root and the taper of strut, strut and position-limited lever are fixed as an integral frame structure, the intensity and the stability of span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure have been improved, avoid because blade rack twisting deformation, power is conducted to mounting points cause blade deformation, it is entire to influence normally opening of blade.
A kind of improved form of the present invention.Between strut and the main shaft, connect by connection set.Connection set comprises bearing, bearing external part and the bearing pin that is through on the main shaft.The strut root is a hollow tubular, strut root connection bearing external part, and the connecting part that bearing pin passes strut root and bearing external part is fixed together both.Be fixed or movable the connection between bearing external part and the bearing, bearing external part, strut and main shaft angle 3 spend spend to 175 between.When being flexible connection between bearing external part and the bearing, it is entire that strut can be opened on main shaft as umbrella frame, adjusts blowing area, is a kind of brand-new power adjustments mode.
A kind of improved form of the present invention.The strut root adopts threaded piece built-in type structure.Directly will be embedded in the strut through the threaded piece that special surface is handled.Through external Testing institute evidence, this structural type connects the most reliable, and only shortcoming is that the location of each threaded piece must be accurately.
A kind of improved form of the present invention.Span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure comprises pulling equipment, and pulling equipment one end connects the main shaft top, and the pulling equipment the other end connects the strut taper, and pulling equipment has the tensioning controlling device.Pulling equipment and tensioning controlling device have realized on the one hand when between bearing external part and the bearing during for flexible connection, and strut is freely adjusted the function of itself and main shaft angle.On the other hand, pulling equipment has alleviated the stressed of connection set and strut root, and the wt part of strut is married again on the main shaft, has improved span formula self-adaption leaf blade structural entity intensity and anti-high wind ability.
A kind of improved form of the present invention.Described blade is divided into blade A and blade B, and level is stitched together, and leaves flow discharging seam in the middle of blade A and the blade B.Air-flow flows out from flow discharging seam, alleviates the blast that blade bears, and improves the ability of the anti-high wind of blade, and effectively reduces blade manufacture difficulty and manufacture cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure front view;
Fig. 2 is another angular views of span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure;
Fig. 3 is in the span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure of folded state for blade;
Fig. 4 is the connection set view.
Being labeled as of each element among the figure:
1, main shaft;
2, strut;
3, blade rack;
3-1, mounting points;
4, auxiliary stand;
5-1, blade;
5-2, upper strata blade;
5-2-1, upper strata blade A;
5-2-2, upper strata blade B;
5-3, middle level blade;
5-3-1, middle level blade A;
5-3-2, middle level blade B;
5-4, lower leave;
5-4-1, lower leave A;
5-4-2, lower leave B;
6-1, bearing;
6-2, bearing external part;
6-3, bearing pin;
7, position-limited lever;
8, counterweight module;
9, pulling equipment;
9-1, tensioning controlling device;
10, flow discharging seam.
Embodiment
Technical purpose and technique effect for describing technology contents of the present invention, structure characteristic, realization in detail are elaborated below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
Embodiment 1: comprise a main shaft 1, strut 2, two blade racks 3, two auxiliary stands 4, two position-limited levers 7, two counterweight modules 8 and vane group 5.Described vane group a slice upper strata blade 5-2 and a slice lower leave 5-4.Strut 2 links to each other with main shaft 1 by connection set 6.Strut 2 is equipped with an auxiliary stand 4, two blade racks 3, an auxiliary stand 4 successively from the root to the taper.In blade rack 3 and the auxiliary stand 4, any two supports are parallel to each other.Position-limited lever 7 passes all blade racks 3 and auxiliary stand 4, and parallel with strut 2.Wherein a position-limited lever 7 cooperates upper strata blade 5-2 work above strut 2; Another root position-limited lever 7 cooperates lower leave 5-4 work below strut 2.Described blade 5-1 is that rotatingshaft rotates with the mounting points 3-1 on the blade rack 3, and counterweight module 8.
Under the calm state of rest, be subjected to gravity effect, the moment that upper strata blade 5-2 is equipped with counterweight module 8 one ends does not have the moment of counterweight module 8 one ends greater than upper strata blade 5-2, upper strata blade 5-2 is that rotatingshaft centers on mounting points 3-1 rotation with mounting points 3-1, upper strata blade 5-2 is equipped with counterweight module 8 one ends, meanwhile blade 5-2 in upper strata does not have counterweight module 8 one ends and rises, and an end that counterweight module 8 is housed up to upper strata blade 5-2 withstands position-limited lever 7 and till stopping operating.At this moment, upper strata blade 5-2 keeps open configuration, and the minimum angle of upper strata blade 5-2 and blade rack 3 is 5 degree.
Under the calm state of rest, be subjected to gravity effect, the moment that lower leave 5-4 is equipped with counterweight module 8 one ends does not have the moment of counterweight module one end 8 less than lower leave 5-4, lower leave 5-4 is that rotatingshaft centers on mounting points 3-1 rotation with mounting points 3-1, lower leave 5-4 is equipped with counterweight module 8 one ends and rises, meanwhile lower leave 5-4 does not have counterweight module 8 one ends and descends, and an end that counterweight module 8 is housed up to lower leave 5-4 withstands position-limited lever 7 and till stopping operating.At this moment, lower leave 5-4 keeps open configuration, and the minimum angle of lower leave 5-4 and blade rack 3 is 5 degree.
Have in the wind environment,, formed a funnelform structure because there are angle in 3 of blade 5-1 and blade racks, air-flow along blade surface never an end of counterweight module 8 flow to the end that counterweight module 8 is arranged.To the end near counterweight module 8, blast is just increasing more for air-flow.When wind speed surpasses a threshold value, air-flow is applied to the moment that upper strata blade 5-2 is equipped with counterweight module 8 one ends and adds that upper strata blade 5-2 does not have the moment of counterweight module 8 one ends, begin to surpass the moment that counterweight module 8 gravity apply, it is that rotatingshaft centers on mounting points 3-1 rotation that upper strata blade 5-2 begins with mounting points 3-1, upper strata blade 5-2 is equipped with counterweight module 8 one ends and rises, meanwhile blade 5-2 in upper strata does not have counterweight module 8 one ends and descends, up to upper strata blade 5-2 till the wind-force effect is issued to dynamic balancing.At this moment, 3 maximum angles that can reach of upper strata blade 5-2 and blade rack are 120 degree.
Equally, when wind speed surpasses a threshold value, air-flow is applied to the moment that lower leave 5-4 is equipped with counterweight module 8 one ends and adds the moment that counterweight module 8 gravity apply, begin to surpass lower leave 5-4 and do not have the moment that counterweight module 8 one ends apply, it is that rotatingshaft centers on mounting points 3-1 rotation that lower leave 5-4 begins with mounting points 3-1, lower leave 5-4 is equipped with counterweight module 8 one ends and descends, meanwhile lower leave 5-4 does not have counterweight module 8 one ends and rises, up to lower leave 5-4 till the wind-force effect is issued to dynamic balancing.At this moment, 3 maximum angles that can reach of lower leave 5-4 and blade rack are 120 degree.
When upper strata blade 5-2, lower leave 5-4 and 3 angles of blade rack reached maximum, air-flow passed through from the passage in the middle of upper strata blade 5-2 and the lower leave 5-4, and blowing area drops to minimum, has reduced windage.
Wind-engaging is tried hard to recommend moving, and strut 2 turns over the windward side, and air-flow reduces the influence of blade 5-1, is subjected to gravity effect, and the moment that upper strata blade 5-2 is equipped with counterweight module 8 one ends does not have the moment of counterweight module 8 one ends greater than upper strata blade 5-2.Upper strata blade 5-2 is that rotatingshaft centers on mounting points 3-1 rotation with mounting points 3-1, upper strata blade 5-2 is equipped with counterweight module 8 one ends, meanwhile blade 5-2 in upper strata does not have the rising of counterweight module 8 one ends, an end that counterweight module 8 is housed up to upper strata blade 5-2 withstands position-limited lever 7 and till stopping operating, perhaps blade 5-2 in upper strata is till the position with blade rack folder acute angle reaches wind-force and gravitational equilibrium.At this moment, blade 5-2 in upper strata keeps open configuration.Equally, be subjected to gravity effect, the moment that lower leave 5-4 is equipped with counterweight module 8 one ends does not have the moment of counterweight module 8 one ends less than lower leave 5-4, lower leave 5-4 is that rotatingshaft centers on mounting points 3-1 rotation with mounting points 3-1, lower leave 5-4 is equipped with counterweight module 8 one ends and rises, meanwhile lower leave 5-4 does not have the decline of counterweight module 8 one ends, an end that counterweight module 8 is housed up to lower leave 5-4 withstands position-limited lever 7 and till stopping operating, perhaps till the position with blade rack folder acute angle reaches wind-force and gravitational equilibrium.At this moment, lower leave 5-4 keeps open configuration.
When strut forwarded the windward side to once again, upper strata blade 5-2 and lower leave 5-4 were in open configuration, can gather wind energy again, enter the wind-engaging acceleration mode once again.
This is the simplest prototype, can finish the entire action of opening of upper strata blade 5-2 and lower leave 5-4 automatically according to being subjected to wind condition.Forming " blade open configuration → blowing area maximum → blade around mounting points rotations → blade rotation to maximum angle → blowing area minimum → blade around mounting points rotation → blade rotation to minimum angles → blade open configuration " circulates.Reach under different wind speed, it is stable that rotating speed keeps, and is easy to realize the technique effect of power control.
Embodiment 2: on embodiment 1 basis, be further improved.Strut 2 is increased to three from one, three struts 2 at grade, angle is 120 degree between the adjacent supports bar 2.Four blade racks 3, two auxiliary stands 4, two position-limited levers 7 are housed on the every strut.Strut 2 roots are to taper, and an auxiliary stand 4, four blade racks 3, an auxiliary stand 4 are installed successively.Two position-limited levers 7 pass above-mentioned all blade racks 3 and auxiliary stand 4 respectively, and two position-limited levers 7 lay respectively at strut, and about in the of 2 two ends.On the mounting points 3-1 of the blade rack 3 on the same strut 2, be equipped with a slice upper strata blade 5-2, a slice middle level blade 5-3, a slice lower leave 5-4.Upper strata blade 5-2 is divided into 5-2-1 upper strata blade A and 5-2-2 upper strata blade B, and 5-2-1 upper strata blade A links to each other with 5-2-2 upper strata blade B and both middle flow discharging seams 10 that leave.Middle level blade 5-3 is divided into 5-3-1 middle level blade and 5-3-2 middle level blade B, and 5-3-1 middle level blade A links to each other with 5-3-2 middle level blade B and both middle flow discharging seams 10 that leave.Lower leave 5-4 be divided into that 5-4-1 lower leave A links to each other with 5-4-2 lower leave B and both in the middle of leave flow discharging seams 10.The attitude of middle level blade 5-3 under static windless condition, the motor pattern under the wind-engaging state, 5-4 is identical with lower leave.
Described technological scheme has adopted three popular blade schemes of blower fan now.Cost at blower fan collecting efficiency reasonable, wind energy is higher, and the manufacture difficulty of blower fan is less, between the three, has reached best equinoctial point.The middle level blade 5-3 that has more has filled up between upper strata blade 5-2 and the lower leave 5-4, and the slit under calm state of rest more helps quick startup, accelerates to optimum speed as early as possible.
Embodiment 3: on embodiment 2 basis, further improve.Strut 2 is increased to four from three, perhaps five, the perhaps six roots of sensation.On the quantity and arrangement mode of blade rack 3 on every strut 2, auxiliary stand 4, position-limited lever 7, middle level blade 5-3, upper strata blade 5-2, lower leave 5-4, with to implement 2 identical.The technical program is applicable to the wind field that wind speed is lower more, and force 3 wind can start, even can set up at building top, city.
Embodiment 4: on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2 or 3, carry out technological improvement.Rectangular, square, trapezoidal sheet structure or hollow sheet structure, the perhaps solid or hollow-core construction that narrows down gradually or broaden to blade tip for blade root.According to the wind-force data model of different wind fields, adopt different blade structures, realize highly effective gathering wind-force, reduce the blade loss.
Embodiment 5: on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, carry out technological improvement.Change main shaft 1 vertical common vertical Installation Modes for tilting to be installed on the supporting base.This technological scheme is applicable to the wind field of special construction, uses in the vertical position of installing but can't obtain good result of common main shaft, can obtain better effect.
Embodiment 6: on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, carry out technological improvement.Pulling equipment 9 is strand or rod shaped structure, provides the different structure of rigidity to adapt to different wind fields.
Embodiment 7: to carrying out technological improvement among the embodiment 1 to 6.Present blade is generally by there being following material to constitute.
Wood/bamboo blade and cloth covering blade.Little, the small-sized wind power generator in modern age also has the wooden blade of employing, but wooden blade is difficult for making meander configuration.Adopt wooden blade also be with the good whole flitch of intensity do the blade longeron bear blade when work power and the moment of flexure that must bear.Girder steel glass fibre covering.Blade adopted steel pipe or D type shaped steel to do longeron in modern age, and steel plate is done girt strip, in fill out the structural type that foamed plastics covers the glass fibre reinforced plastics covering outward, generally on large-scale wind driven generator, use.The steel pipe of blade longeron and the cross section of D type shaped steel from blade root to blade tip should diminish gradually, with the requirement of satisfying twisted blade and alleviate leaf weight, promptly make the beam of uniform strength.Chord length extrusion modling blades such as aluminum alloy.With aluminium alloy extruded moulding etc. the chord length blade be easy to make, can produce continuously, can twist processing by the distortion of designing requirement again, blade root is connected with wheel hub spool and flange can be by welding or bolt connect and realizes.Aluminium alloy vane is in light weight, be easy to processing, but can not accomplish the blade from blade root to the blade tip convergent, because the still unresolved this extrusion process in countries in the world at present.
Fiberglass blade.So-called glass fibre reinforced plastics (glass fiber reinforced plastic is called for short GFRP) is exactly that plastics such as epoxy resin, unsaturated resin infiltrate the different glass fibre of length or carbon fiber and the reinforced plastic made.Reinforced plastic intensity height, in light weight, ageing-resistant, the surface can twine glass fibre again and be coated with epoxy resin, the other parts filling foamed plastics.The quality of glass fibre can also be improved by surface modification, starching and coating.Now existing exploitation reaches the full glass blade of 54m, and the kWh of its unit cost is lower.
The glass fibre reinforced plastics composite blading.In 20 end of the centurys, the blade of the large and medium-sized wind-driven generator product of world industry developed country adopts shaped steel longeron, laminated glass steel girt strip and blade root to be connected with the composite material of Structural Hardware with wheel hub basically and does blade.The material that the wind-power electricity generation rotor blade is used is selected different composite materials for use according to the length of blade difference, and what the most generally adopt at present is glass fiber reinforced polyester resin, glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin and carbon-fibre reinforced epoxy resin.The U.S. studies show that, adopts that radio frequency (RF) is plasma-deposited removes to apply the E-glass, the tired level that just can reach carbon fiber of its stretch-proof, and through reducing fretting between the fiber that can in fact cause damaging after this processing.Existing based on glass fibre reinforced plastics, only select the large-scale blade of 61m of carbon fiber on a small quantity for use at crossbeam and blade tip, with the wind energy conversion system of development 5MW.The carbon fiber composite blading.Increase along with the generating single-machine capacity requires length of blade constantly to increase, and its application on wind-power electricity generation also will constantly enlarge.To blade, rigidity also is a crucial index.Studies show that carbon fiber (carbon fiber is called for short CF) composite material blade rigidity is two to three times of glass fibre reinforced plastics composite blading.Though the performance of carbon fiber composite is better than glass fiber compound material greatly, costs an arm and a leg, influenced its widespread adoption on wind-power electricity generation.
The big inexpensive E-glass reinforced plastic GFRP of general more small-sized at present blade (long) amount of selecting for use as 22m, resin matrix is based on unsaturated polyester, also can select vinyl acetate or epoxy resin for use, and relatively large blade adopts the hybrid composite of carbon fiber composite CFRP or carbon fiber CF and glass fibre GF (as more than the 42m), and resin matrix is based on epoxy.Agent structure material of the present invention can adopt above-mentioned material, according to client's demand, produces the most suitable product of price performance.In future, can use nanocarbon material as blade material.
The above; it only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; be not to be qualification to protection domain of the present invention; so long as adopt technological scheme of the present invention; perhaps only be any conventional the modification or equivalent variations that to make by those of ordinary skill in the art, all fall among the present invention's scope required for protection.
Claims (8)
1. span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure, it is characterized in that: described span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure comprises at least one main shaft (1), at least one strut (2), at least two blade racks (3) and one group of vane group (5), described vane group (5) comprises at least two blades (5-1), described strut (2) root is connected by connection set (6) with main shaft (1), strut (2) rotates around main shaft (1), blade rack (3) passes and is fixed on the strut (2), blade (5-1) flexibly connects by mounting points (3-1) and blade rack (3), blade (5-1) is that rotatingshaft rotates with mounting points (3-1), the angle of blade (5-1) and blade rack (3) is spent to change between 120 degree 5, promptly under static state the minimum angle of blade (5-1) and blade rack (3) is 5 degree, and motion state lower blade (5-1) is 120 degree with the maximum angle of blade rack (3).
2. span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure also comprises at least two auxiliary stands (4), at least two position-limited levers (7), at least two counterweight modules (8), auxiliary stand (4) passes and is installed in the root of strut (2) or portion slightly, auxiliary stand (4) parallels with blade rack (3), position-limited lever (7) passes and is installed on auxiliary stand (4) and the blade rack (3), position-limited lever (7) is parallel with strut (2), and counterweight module (8) is close on the surface that is installed in blade (5-1) end.
3. span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described connection set (6) comprises the bearing (6-1) that is through on the main shaft (2), bearing external part (6-2) and bearing pin (6-3), strut (2) root is a hollow tubular, strut (2) root connection bearing external part (6-2), the connecting part that bearing pin (6-3) passes strut (2) root and bearing external part (6-2) is fixed together both, be fixed or movable the connection between bearing external part (6-2) and the bearing (6-1), bearing external part (6-2), strut (2) and main shaft (1) angle are spent between 175 degree 3, described span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure also comprises pulling equipment (9), pulling equipment (9) one ends connect the main shaft top, pulling equipment (9) the other end connects strut (2) taper, and pulling equipment (9) has tensioning controlling device (9-1).
4. span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure comprises a main shaft (1) and four struts (2), four struts (2) are the central cross symmetric arrays with main shaft (1), four blade racks (3) are housed on the every strut (2), two auxiliary stands (4) and two position-limited levers (7), from strut (2) root to taper, described support erection sequence is " auxiliary stand (4)-four blade rack (3)-an auxiliary stand (4) ", two position-limited levers (7) strut (2) both sides that are placed in, blade rack (3) is equipped with a slice upper strata blade (5-2), a slice middle level blade (5-3), a slice lower leave (5-4)
Described upper strata blade (5-2) comprises upper strata blade A(5-2-1) and upper strata blade B(5-2-2), upper strata blade A(5-2-1) and upper strata blade B(5-2-2) leave flow discharging seam (10) between joint, upper strata blade A(5-2-1) and upper strata blade B(5-2-2) on the surface of an end, a slice counterweight module (8) is housed respectively
Described middle level blade (5-3) comprises middle level blade A(5-3-1) and middle level blade B(5-3-2), middle level blade A(5-3-1) and middle level blade B(5-3-2) leave flow discharging seam (10) between joint, middle level blade A(5-3-1) and middle level blade B(5-3-2) on the surface of an end, a slice counterweight module (8) is housed respectively
Described lower leave (5-4) comprises lower leave A(5-4-1) and lower leave B(5-4-2), lower leave A(5-4-1) and lower leave B(5-4-2) leave flow discharging seam (10) between joint, lower leave A(5-4-1) and lower leave B(5-4-2) on the surface of an end, a slice counterweight module (8) is housed respectively
The end that blade (5-1) is equipped with counterweight module (8) to the strut perpendicular distance greater than no counterweight module (8) one ends of blade (5-1) to the strut perpendicular distance.
5. as claim 1 or 2 or 4 described span formula self-adaption leaf blade structures, it is characterized in that: described blade (5-1) is the square or trapezoidal sheet structure of rectangular, it perhaps is the square or trapezoidal hollow sheet structure of rectangular, the perhaps solid or hollow-core construction that narrows down gradually or broaden to blade tip for blade root, described blade (5-1) outer rim is streamlined.
6. as claim 1 or 2 or 4 described span formula self-adaption leaf blade structures, it is characterized in that: described main shaft (1) is vertical or tilt to be installed on the supporting base.
7. as claim 1 or 2 or 4 described span formula self-adaption leaf blade structures, it is characterized in that: the material of described main shaft (1), strut (2), blade rack (3), auxiliary stand (4), vane group (5), connection set (6), position-limited lever (7), counterweight module (8), pulling equipment (9) comprises the composite material of reinforcing fiber or fibre cloth or foam or steel or glass fibre reinforced plastics or carbon fiber or aluminum alloy or bamboo wood or timber or above material composition.
8. span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: the material of described span formula self-adaption leaf blade structure member, handle through the perfusion processing or the prepreg of unsaturated resin or epoxy resin.
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