CN102113544B - Processing process for freeze-drying fresh Chinese wolfberry fruits under vacuum - Google Patents
Processing process for freeze-drying fresh Chinese wolfberry fruits under vacuum Download PDFInfo
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- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a process for drying fresh Chinese wolfberry fruits, in particular to a processing process for freeze-drying Chinese wolfberry fresh fruits under vacuum, which comprises the following steps of: immersing; washing by clear water, and draining water; prefreezing; freezing; and vacuumizing and drying until the moisture content of the Chinese wolfberry fresh fruits is less than 5 percent, taking the Chinese wolfberry out, nitrogenizing and packaging to prevent the Chinese wolfberry from absorbing moisture. The process has the following advantages that: 1, the fresh Chinese wolfberry fruits are freeze-dried by the vacuum freeze-drying technology, the nutritional ingredients of the fresh Chinese wolfberry fruits are retained to a maximum degree, the appearance of the dried fruits is basically the same as that of fresh fruits basically, and the appearance and mouthfeel of the rehydrated fresh Chinese wolfberry fruits are consistent with those of the fresh fruits basically; and 2, in the vacuumizing and drying process, a large quantity of experiments indicate that by combining different warming speeds and vacuum degrees with different temperatures, the problem of incapability of ensuring the appearance and color and luster of the Chinese wolfberry fruits in the conventional vacuum freeze-drying method is solved effectively and the energy consumption of freeze drying is reduced greatly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of drying process of medlar fresh fruit, particularly the processing technology of vacuum freezing-dried wolfberry fresh fruit.
Background technology
Matrimony vine is the medicinal material and the invigorant of famous and precious integration of drinking and medicinal herbs, and particularly the matrimony vine of peaceful Xia Zhongning is just on the books in the famous traditional Chinese medical science Compendium of Material Medica of China: " matrimony vine, kidney-tonifying sperm-generating, nourishing the liver ... make eye bright and calm the nerves make us long-lived." Vitamin C content in the matrimony vine is higher than orange, content beta-carotene is higher than carrot, and iron content is also higher than beefsteak.Modern medicine study shows; It contains carrotene, betaine, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C and calcium, phosphorus, iron etc.; Having increases the pharmacological action that leucocyte is active, promote liver cell new life, also can hypotensive, hypoglycemic, blood fat.
The processing technology of medlar fresh fruit roughly is divided into two types at present, heat oven dry and vacuum freeze drying.The main process of production technology of heat oven dry FRUCTUS LYCII is: pluck the fresh fructus lycii fruit, protect look with edible alkali solution, directly carry out hot Drying tunnel and dry; Bake out temperature is up to 80 ℃; The matrimony vine profile is shunk serious, and surface oxidation is serious, and dried product is kermesinus; And the finished product water content is high, and the holding time is shorter.The heat oven dry can not be cleaned before plucking, advancing drying tunnel in addition, the residual height of surperficial agricultural chemicals and color stabilizer, and mouthfeel has a little bitterness, has influenced the quality of product.Vacuum freezing-dried wolfberry fresh fruit production technology is: fresh fructus lycii is really cleaned, behind the draining, gets into freeze dryer drying box refrigeration to below-30--50 ℃, begin to vacuumize, get into sublimation stage, to the goods vacuum drying, be finished product.The advantage of this technology is the nutritional labeling that has farthest kept product; Shortcoming is: 1. vacuum freeze drying is a highly energy-consuming industry, and especially high as this sugar content of medlar fresh fruit in freeze-drying, the surface has the raw material of wax fat again; The distillation of moisture is very slow; Freeze-drying time is longer, and the production cost is high, directly has influence on the market sale of this product.2. produce most of freeze-drying enterprise for fruits and vegetables and all use the food freeze-drier, this equipment freeze-drying area is big, general freeze-drying area 100-200m
2, cost is relatively low.Can only reach-30 ℃ but the goods cryogenic temperature is minimum, vacuum is 50-100Pa in the whole freeze-drying process.And the eutectic point of matrimony vine is below-40 ℃, and vacuum can not break through 20Pa in whole dry run, otherwise will cause product in dry run, to bubble or dissolve, and finally causes the product can't freeze-drying.3. some small-sized freeze-drying area is 10m
2Following food freeze dryer, cryogenic temperature also can reach-40 ℃, but refrigeration system is only in the condensation tube part; Drying box does not freeze; Will cause goods from-40 ℃ like this, directly be placed in the air drying case, cause goods temperature in the 1-2 that vacuumizes hour to be gone up fast; The freeze-drying quality of goods receives very big influence, has also prolonged freeze-drying time simultaneously.4. medical freeze-drier each item index all conforms to matrimony vine and freezes requirement, but freeze-drying time is long, and it is too high to consume energy, only suitable high added value biological products, the processing that is not suitable for producing fruits and vegetables class mill run.The maximum shortcoming of above-mentioned technology is the face shaping and the color and luster that can't guarantee FRUCTUS LYCII, has had a strong impact on sale and the price of matrimony vine.
Vacuum freeze drying is that the material that need are freezing is put into drying box and carried out freeze drying, vacuumizes when carrying out lyophilization, and vavuum pump is taken out negative pressure through condensation tube to drying box, and this moment, condensation tube refrigeration and temperature need reach below-50 ℃.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention the present invention is directed to the characteristics of above several kinds of equipment and has carried out the improvement of processing technology; Provide a kind of and keep that the FRUCTUS LYCII color and luster is lucid and lively, presentation quality good, the nutrition loss is few, the processing technology of the vacuum freezing-dried wolfberry fresh fruit that can cut down the consumption of energy greatly again.
For realizing goal of the invention, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of processing technology of vacuum freezing-dried wolfberry fresh fruit, and its processing step is:
1) soak: with the medlar fresh fruit of plucking, adopting percent concentration is that 5% sodium chloride solution cleans, soaked 5-15 minutes, and purpose is to wash agricultural chemicals and the impurity that remains in the matrimony vine surface, and plays and protect look and make the well-off more full effect of fresh fruit;
2) drain away the water after the flushing with clean water: the matrimony vine after will soaking clearly with circulating water is put into freezer and drains away the water after cleaning; Its objective is that to make the quick drop of moisture on matrimony vine surface clean, also slowed down the oxidation rate of matrimony vine in normal temperature draining process simultaneously;
3) pre-freeze: with the medlar fresh fruit that drains away the water in freezer after the sabot, pre-freeze to the freezer equality of temperature; The purpose of sabot is to have slowed down the oxidation rate of matrimony vine in normal temperature draining process on the one hand in freezer, can reduce the cost that freezes early stage on the other hand, can be connected with next procedure again;
4) freezing: as the dryness storehouse of packing into of the matrimony vine after the pre-freeze to be refrigerated to-40 ℃, to be incubated 3-4 hours, make the matrimony vine in the dish all reach-40 ℃ eutectic point;
5) vacuumize drying: step 4 insulation makes the temperature in the condensation tube reduce to-50 ℃ after finishing, and begins to vacuumize to carry out lyophilization; When the dryness storehouse temperature reaches 30-35 ℃; Vacuum is near below the final vacuum 4Pa, keeps negative pressure after 1.5-2.5 hours, slowly be forced into normal pressure after; Take out matrimony vine and adopt the inflated with nitrogen packing, prevent the matrimony vine moisture absorption.
Above-mentioned vacuumizing in the drying steps, temperature rises in 30-35 ℃ the process by-40 ℃, and heating process is: a, temperature rise to-25 ℃ of stages by-40 ℃; Vacuum need remain in the 10Pa, dissolves to prevent matrimony vine; B, rise to-10 ℃ of stages from-25 ℃; Large quantity of moisture distillation this moment, vacuum need remain between the 13-20Pa; C, from-10 ℃ to 0 ℃ the stage; Vacuum need remain on below the 20Pa; D, from 0 ℃ to 10 ℃ the stage; Vacuum need remain on below the 20Pa; E, reach the highest design temperature 30-35 ℃ when the matrimony vine temperature, vacuum is near final vacuum 4Pa when following, for guaranteeing that FRUCTUS LYCII is all by freeze-drying; Kept vacuum 4Pa following 2-3 hour; After slowly being forced into normal pressure then, taking out matrimony vine and adopt the inflated with nitrogen packing, prevent the matrimony vine moisture absorption.
When above-mentioned vacuumizing in the drying steps, temperature rose to 0 ℃ of stage by-40 ℃, the temperature of temperature-rise period was set at 5 ℃.
When above-mentioned vacuumizing in the drying steps, temperature rose to 30-35 ℃ of stage by 0 ℃, the temperature of temperature-rise period was set at 10 ℃.
Because in vacuumizing the lyophilization process, the temperature rising and the vacuum of FRUCTUS LYCII are relevant with the time, particularly the rate of climb of vacuum and temperature is maximum to the FRUCTUS LYCII quality influence.The temperature of temperature-rise period is set at 5 ℃ or 10 ℃, is to say when temperature to rise in-35 ℃ the process by-40 ℃ that need remain on 10Pa with vacuum is prerequisite with in; That is to say after temperature slowly rises to-35 ℃ by-40 ℃; If vacuum, just need stop heating greater than 10Pa, make vacuum drop to below the 10Pa after; Stop heating after slowly being heated to-30 ℃ again, to guarantee that vacuum is below 10Pa.Like this in whole dry run, an account temperature and vacuum were controlled by temperature and vacuum as for the time.
The present invention has following advantage: 1, adopt Vacuum Freezing & Drying Technology freeze-drying medlar fresh fruit, at utmost kept the nutrition of medlar fresh fruit, dry fruit profile and fresh fruit are approaching basically, profile and mouthfeel and fresh fruit basically identical after the rehydration; 2, in vacuumizing dry run; Go out under different temperatures through a large amount of experimental summaries; Cooperate different programming rate and vacuum, solved the problem that present vacuum freeze drying can't guarantee the face shaping and the color and luster of FRUCTUS LYCII effectively, and greatly reduce cryodesiccated energy consumption.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
1) soak: with the medlar fresh fruit of plucking, adopting percent concentration is that 5% sodium chloride solution cleans, soaked 5 minutes, and purpose is to wash agricultural chemicals and the impurity that remains in the matrimony vine surface, and plays and protect look and make the well-off more full effect of fresh fruit;
2) drain away the water after the flushing with clean water: the matrimony vine after will soaking clearly with circulating water is put into air-cooled freezer and drains away the water after cleaning; Its objective is that to make the quick drop of moisture on matrimony vine surface clean, also slowed down the oxidation rate of matrimony vine in normal temperature draining process simultaneously;
3) pre-freeze: with the medlar fresh fruit that drains away the water in air-cooled freezer after the sabot; Pre-freeze to air-cooled freezer equality of temperature; The purpose of sabot is to have slowed down the oxidation rate of matrimony vine in normal temperature draining process on the one hand in air-cooled freezer; Can reduce the cost that freezes early stage on the other hand, can be connected with next procedure again;
4) freezing: as the dryness storehouse of packing into of the matrimony vine after the pre-freeze to be refrigerated to-40 ℃, to be incubated 3 hours, make the matrimony vine in the dish all reach-40 ℃ eutectic point; When the control panel of vacuum freeze dryer shows-40 ℃, can not the explanation dish in all FRUCTUS LYCIIs all reach-40 ℃, the purpose that is incubated 3 hours also is to make all FRUCTUS LYCIIs all reach-40 ℃.If the vacuum freeze-drying machine is made up of a plurality of compressors, can according to circumstances cut off one to two group of compressor at insulating process, to cut down the consumption of energy.
5) vacuumize drying: after step 4 insulation finishes; The vacuum freeze-drying machine is switched to the condensation tube refrigeration to-50 ℃; Begin to vacuumize and carry out lyophilization, temperature by-40 ℃ of heating process that rise to 30-35 ℃ is in the lyophilization process: a, temperature rise to-25 ℃ of stages by-40 ℃; Vacuum need remain in the 10Pa, dissolves to prevent matrimony vine.The temperature of temperature-rise period is set at 5 ℃, that is to say after temperature slowly rises to-35 ℃ by-40 ℃, guarantee vacuum in 10Pa, if greater than 10Pa, stops heating and makes vacuum drop to 10Pa with after interior, can heat again.B, rise to-10 ℃ of stages from-25 ℃; Large quantity of moisture distillation this moment, the temperature of temperature-rise period is set at 5 ℃, and vacuum need remain on about 13Pa; Can be at step a, b stage according to the variation of condensation tube temperature and vacuum, intersect and stop compressor bank work, so promptly do not influence Products Quality, can reach the purpose of quick distillation again, shorten freeze-drying time.Because the longest in these two times in stage of whole freeze-drying process, energy efficient greatly.C, from-10 ℃ to 0 ℃ the stage; The temperature of temperature-rise period is set at 5 ℃, and vacuum need remain on below the 20Pa; Because in heating process, the material temperature has certain temperature difference with the plate temperature, can according to the material temperature of vacuum freeze-drying machine with the temperature demonstration of plate temperature approaching after, can carry out the heating of next temperature section.D, from 0 ℃ to 10 ℃ the stage; The temperature of temperature-rise period is set at 10 ℃, and vacuum need remain on below the 20Pa; E, reach 30 ℃ of the highest design temperatures when the matrimony vine temperature; Vacuum is near final vacuum 4Pa when following, for guaranteeing FRUCTUS LYCII all by freeze-drying, keeps below the vacuum 4Pa 2 hours; To guarantee that every FRUCTUS LYCII grain all reaches the freeze-drying requirement; After slowly being forced into normal pressure then, taking out matrimony vine and adopt the inflated with nitrogen packing, prevent the matrimony vine moisture absorption.Slowly pressurization can be taked the batch (-type) vacuum breaker or utilize the permeation device in the control system of vacuum freeze-drying machine to pressurize, and its objective is and avoids unexpected vacuum breaker to the destruction of FRUCTUS LYCII shape with the surface.
Embodiment 2:
On the basis of embodiment 1, soak time is become 15 minutes, draining away the water after matrimony vine is cleaned is in air-cooled freezer, to carry out, pre-freeze is in freezer, to carry out.Matrimony vine after just will cleaning is put into air-cooled freezer and drains away the water, put into after the sabot freezer pre-freeze to the freezer equality of temperature; Vacuumize in the dry run, temperature is when-25 ℃ rise to-10 ℃ of stages, and vacuum need remain on about 20Pa; When the matrimony vine temperature reaches 35 ℃ of the highest design temperatures, vacuum is near final vacuum 4Pa when following, keeps below the vacuum 4Pa 3 hours.Other process conditions are identical with embodiment 1 with process.
Embodiment 3:
On the basis of embodiment 1, soak time is become 10 minutes, draining away the water after matrimony vine is cleaned is in air-cooled freezer, to carry out, pre-freeze is in freezer, to carry out.Matrimony vine after just will cleaning is put into air-cooled freezer and drains away the water, put into after the sabot freezer pre-freeze to the freezer equality of temperature; Vacuumize in the dry run, temperature is when-25 ℃ rise to-10 ℃ of stages, and vacuum need remain on about 18Pa; When the matrimony vine temperature reaches 35 ℃ of the highest design temperatures, vacuum is near final vacuum 4Pa when following, keeps below the vacuum 4Pa 2.5 hours.Other process conditions are identical with embodiment 1 with process.
Moisture content through the dry FRUCTUS LYCII of above-mentioned processing technology generally can be less than 5%, and the color and luster of FRUCTUS LYCII is lucid and lively, presentation quality good.
Claims (1)
1. the processing technology of a vacuum freezing-dried wolfberry fresh fruit, its processing step is:
1) soak: with the medlar fresh fruit of plucking, adopting percent concentration is that 5% sodium chloride solution cleans, soaked 5-15 minutes, and purpose is to wash agricultural chemicals and the impurity that remains in the matrimony vine surface, and plays and protect look and make the well-off more full effect of fresh fruit;
2) drain away the water after the flushing with clean water: after the matrimony vine after will soaking with the clear water that flows is cleaned, put into freezer and drain away the water; Its objective is that to make the quick drop of moisture on matrimony vine surface clean, also slowed down the oxidation rate of matrimony vine in normal temperature draining process simultaneously;
3) pre-freeze: with the medlar fresh fruit that drains away the water in air-cooled freezer after the sabot, pre-freeze to the freezer equality of temperature; The purpose of sabot is to have slowed down the oxidation rate of matrimony vine in normal temperature draining process on the one hand in freezer, can reduce the cost that freezes early stage on the other hand, can be connected with next procedure again;
4) freezing: as the dryness storehouse of packing into of the matrimony vine after the pre-freeze to be refrigerated to-40 ℃, to be incubated 3-4 hours, make the matrimony vine in the dish all reach-40 ℃ eutectic point;
5) vacuumize drying: after step 4 insulation finishes, make the temperature in the condensation tube reduce to-50 ℃, begin to vacuumize and carry out lyophilization, when temperature rose to 0 ℃ of stage by-40 ℃, the temperature of temperature-rise period was set at 5 ℃; When temperature rose to 30-35 ℃ of stage by 0 ℃, the temperature of temperature-rise period was set at 10 ℃; In temperature rose to 30-35 ℃ process by-40 ℃, heating process is: a, temperature rose to-25 ℃ of stages by-40 ℃; Vacuum need remain in the 10Pa, dissolves to prevent matrimony vine; B, rise to-10 ℃ of stages from-25 ℃; Large quantity of moisture distillation this moment, vacuum need remain between the 13-20Pa; C, from-10 ℃ to 0 ℃ the stage; Vacuum need remain on below the 20Pa; D, from 0 ℃ to 10 ℃ the stage; Vacuum need remain on below the 20Pa; E, reach the highest design temperature 30-35 ℃ when the matrimony vine temperature, vacuum is near final vacuum 4Pa when following, for guaranteeing that FRUCTUS LYCII is all by freeze-drying; Kept vacuum 4Pa following 2-3 hour; After slowly being forced into normal pressure then, taking out matrimony vine and adopt the inflated with nitrogen packing, prevent the matrimony vine moisture absorption.
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