CN102108039B - Special fertilizer for green rice production and preparation and application methods thereof - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for green rice production and preparation and application methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102108039B CN102108039B CN200910248770.7A CN200910248770A CN102108039B CN 102108039 B CN102108039 B CN 102108039B CN 200910248770 A CN200910248770 A CN 200910248770A CN 102108039 B CN102108039 B CN 102108039B
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Abstract
The invention relates to green rice cultivation production, in particular to a special fertilizer for green rice production, and preparation and application methods thereof. The fertilizer consists of urea-based nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potash fertilizer, medium elements and micro elements, and is prepared by the following steps: selecting solid fertilizer raw materials which may be solid particles or powder, adding the medium elements into humic acid or a humic acid salt in an amount which is 60 to 100 percent based on the mass of the medium elements, mixing, adding the micro elements, mixing and granulating by using a binder; and mixing the granulated medium and micro elements with the urea-based nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potash fertilizer. The rice fertilizer is applied once before the transplantation of rice as a base fertilizer, and top application is not required in the growth period of the rice. In the fertilizer provided by the invention, the amount and proportion in different release periods of the urea-based nitrogen fertilizer are determined in strict accordance with the nitrogen fertilizer demand characteristic of rice in different growth periods to form a five-stage supply speed for fertilizer nitrogen, and thus, the loss of nitrogen fertilizer is controlled obviously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to green rice cultivation and production, specifically a kind of special fertilizer for green rice production and preparation and application process.
Background technology
Common fertilizer fertilizer efficiency period is short, nutrient proportioning is unreasonable, and nutrient supply is science not, more unbalanced, and particularly nitrogenous fertilizer contradiction is more outstanding.The overall utilization ratio of nitrogen only has 30～35% at present, the loss such as the leaching loss of nitrogen, volatilization, rainwash is more, the economic benefit that fertilizer applies is lower, cause the huge waste of resource and the increase of agriculture production cost, produce the pollution in underground water and soil face source simultaneously, the eutrophication that causes greenhouse gases effect and water body, makes the deterioration of the ecological environment.Fertilizer use in a large number and low utilization ratio declines quality of agricultural product.Concerning the Rice Production cultivation of one season of northeast, common fertilizer fertilizer efficiency period is short, nutrient in fertilizer, particularly nitrogen nutrient discharges with paddy rice different growth stage inconsistent to the demand of nutrient, due to nutrient releasing speed and releasing ratio inharmonious, cause utilization rate of fertilizer low, paddy growth is produced to nutrient stress effect, in paddy rice, do not need to discharge a large amount of nutrients in soil in a large amount of nutrient situations, and when needing nutrient in a large number, paddy rice there is no enough nutrient supplies, therefore paddy growth is produced to nutrient stress effect, thereby have a strong impact on rice quality and pollute agroecological environment.Along with people increase the attention degree of food safety, demand to green agricultural product constantly increases, so the importance that the special fertilizer for green rice production that meets green food requirement is developed is particularly outstanding, the present invention researches and develops just under this background, can significantly improve particularly utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of utilization rate of fertilizer.Northeast single cropping rice producing region has for a long time been filled up in the invention of this kind of dedicated fertilizer, particularly paddy rice main producing region does not produce the dedicated fertilizer of green rice, the appearance of this technology will greatly promote single cropping rice main producing region, northeast green rice and produce, and produces the rice product that meets green food requirement.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of special fertilizer for green rice production and preparation and application process that can effectively improve northeast single cropping rice yield and quality.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of special fertilizer for green rice production, mainly by N, P, K forms, fertilizer is by urinating base nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, moderate-element and trace element form, wherein urinate base nitrogenous fertilizer in urea pure nitrogen level, by the common granular urea that accounts for urea pure nitrogen level 5-10%, account for slow-release carbamide or the peptide urea of urea pure nitrogen level 15-25%, account for the high molecular polymer of 60-75 days release periods or the urea of sulphur dressing (film) of urea pure nitrogen level 30-40%, the polymkeric substance of 75-100 days release periods or the urea of sulphur dressing (film) that account for urea pure nitrogen level 15-25% form with the polymkeric substance of 100-120 days release periods or the urea of sulphur dressing (film) that account for urea pure nitrogen level 10-15%, phosphate fertilizer is the 50-80% of pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer is the 80-150% of pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, moderate-element is to account in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer the calcium of pure nitrogen level 10-30%, the sulphur of the magnesium of 10-30% and 8-30%, trace element for accounting for the iron of pure nitrogen level 1-5% in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, the manganese of the copper of 0.5-4%, 0.5-4%, the boron of the zinc of 1-5%, 0.5-5% and the molybdenum of 0.3-3%, silicon in element silicon is for accounting for pure nitrogen level 20-40% in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer.
Described Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is with P
2o
5meter, can be one or more in monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, double superhosphate, calcium superphosphate and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate.If take monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, it is phosphate fertilizer raw material, in its consumption nitrogenous total amount should be higher than the 3-5% that accounts for fertilizer pure nitrogen level, common granular urea consumption in simultaneously corresponding minimizing urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrogen in monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate replaces the share of common granular urea in dedicated fertilizer, and rest part is selected double superhosphate.Described Potassium Fertilizer is with K
2o counts, and can be one or both in vitriolate of tartar, Repone K.In described moderate-element, calcium is selected from calcium sulfate, magnesium is selected from sal epsom, and sulphur is selected from calcium sulfate; In trace element, iron is selected from ferric sulfate, copper and is selected from copper sulfate, manganese and is selected from manganous sulfate, zinc and is selected from that zinc sulfate, boron are selected from borax, molybdenum is selected from ammonium molybdate or Sodium orthomolybdate; Silicon is selected from potassium silicate.
Preparation method: first select urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, standby; Secondly moderate-element is joined to account in the humic acids of moderate-element quality 60-100% or humate and mix, then add trace element to mix, use binding agent granulation, stand-by; Finally by the middle amount after above-mentioned mixing granulation and micro-with urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer mixes and obtain Rice Production dedicated fertilizer.
Urine base nitrogenous fertilizer in described fertilizer material, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer be take the particle that particle diameter is 1.5-4.5mm; The particle that is 1.5-4.5mm with binding agent granulation particle diameter.Described humate can be potassium humate, Sodium salts humic acids, calcium humate, zinc humic acid, humic acids iron, humic acids molybdenum, yellow humic acid, fulvic acid potassium, fulvic acid sodium, yellow humic acid zinc, ammonium humate, nitro humic acid, one or more in nitro-humic acid ammonium.
Application process, it is characterized in that: by the urea pure nitrogen level of above-mentioned urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, be 120kg-240kg, other raw material does at rice transplanting by the Rice Production special fertilizer of this benchmark preparation that base manure is disposable to be applied in 1 hectare of rice terrace for first 3 days, in growth process of riceplant, no longer topdresses; During fertilising, adopt whole layer placement of fertilizer method, be about to fertilizer and apply in 5-15cm soil, the uniform of application of monoblock field, or adopt special machinery is applied fertilizer, after applying, fertilizer completed soaked field rice transplanting in one week.
The present invention has advantages of:
1. nitrogen fertilizer amount and ratio described in fertilizer of the present invention are completely long according to northeast single cropping rice different growing stage, the large nutrient uptake feature of nutrient demand amount is set to the ratio of different release period urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, P-K fertilizer paddy rice is to N: P: K assimilation ratio and nutrient balance principle are prepared meticulously, rate of fertilizer application can regulate according to production index, middle amount and micronutrient element can carry out ratio selection according to nutrient content in soil, the element silicon that has added the special and a large amount of needs of paddy rice in fertilizer formula, really realized balance fertilizing, rational application of fertilizers, the paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer material of research and development.Form the Pyatyi feed speed of fertilizer nitrogen, and the release feature of slow-release carbamide used or peptide urea nitrogen can discharge in advance or lag behind the coated carbamide part nutrient of different release periods obvious supplementary function, significantly controlled the loss of nitrogenous fertilizer, the hectare of take can improve 40-50 percentage point as square measure statistical value nitrogen utilization efficiency, significantly improve rice yield and improve rice grain quality, compare with common fertilizer, can save fertilizer 10-20%, the tight amount of paddy rice can increase 10-30%.
2. monoammonium phosphate, the diammonium phosphate in phosphate fertilizer raw material in fertilizer of the present invention, when the nutrition of phosphorus element is provided, can be phase to tillering phase rice striking root phase growth and supplementing the essential nitrogen nutrition of a part, paddy rice nitrogen in early stage growth course is attained full and complete satisfaction; Vitriolate of tartar in potash fertilizer raw material is when meeting the necessary potassium element of paddy growth, for paddy rice provides growth necessary element sulphur; Repone K provides paddy growth necessary chlorine element simultaneously; Sulfur coated urea fertilizer provides essential element sulphur for paddy growth, promote the absorption of plant to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micro-element nutrition element simultaneously, promote the growth of root system, healthy and strong plant, strengthens resistance, improves utilization rate of fertilizer, the utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer particularly, alleviate the pollution of fertilising to ecotope, make the paddy rice product of producing reach green food specification of quality, realize Yi Ji Shi and can meet crop and need fertilizer whole vegetative period.
3. formula nutritional of the present invention is comprehensive, and ratio science has realized the required nutrient balance of paddy rice completely and supplied with, and for significantly improving of rice quality provides nutrition assurance, has significantly reduced the environmental pollution because using fertilizer to cause simultaneously.
4. fertilizer production device of the present invention is simple, preparation method is easy to operate, the nitrogen manure of different release periods required in growth process of riceplant is mixed by mechanical workout and makes paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer material with phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and other essential nutritive element fertilizer, make its nutrient release profiles and paddy rice need fertile characteristic curve to match, thereby reaching fertilizer nutrient release synchronizes with rice absorbing, make the release of fertilizer nutrient can not produce environment-stress effect to paddy growth, reach the effect of rice high yield high-quality; And application process is simple.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
Fertilizer is by urinating base nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, moderate-element and trace element form, wherein urinate base nitrogenous fertilizer in urea pure nitrogen level: common large the urea (particle diameter 2.5-3.5mm) (Shanxi orchid board granular urea) that accounts for urea pure nitrogen level 5%, account for the slow-release carbamide of urea pure nitrogen level 15%, account for the Polymer coated urea (production of Shandong major company of Nintaus) of 60-75 days release periods of urea pure nitrogen level 40%, the Polymer coated urea that accounts for the Polymer coated urea (production of Shandong major company of Nintaus) of 75-100 days release periods of urea pure nitrogen level 25% and account for 100-120 days release periods of urea pure nitrogen level 15% forms,
Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is with P
2o
5meter is 50% double superhosphate of pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer; Potassium Fertilizer is with K
2o meter is 80% vitriolate of tartar of pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer.Moderate-element, in simple substance, to account for the Mg of pure nitrogen level 10% in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, wherein magnesium is selected from sal epsom; Trace element, in simple substance, to account for pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, 2% Fe, 1% Cu, 1% Mn, 1% Zn, 0.5% B, 0.3% Mo, silicon is (with SiO
2meter) for accounting for pure nitrogen level 20% in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer.Wherein iron is selected from ferric sulfate, copper and is selected from copper sulfate, manganese and is selected from manganous sulfate, zinc and is selected from that zinc sulfate, boron are selected from borax, molybdenum is selected from ammonium molybdate, and silicon is selected from potassium silicate.
Preparation method: first select particle diameter to be urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer of 1.5mm, standby; Secondly moderate-element is joined in the humate that accounts for moderate-element mass percent 60% and mixed, then add trace element to mix, with binding agent, carry out granulation, cause particle diameter to be the fertilizer of 2mm, stand-by; Finally above-mentioned mixing is obtained to Rice Production dedicated fertilizer.Described humate can be potassium humate, Sodium salts humic acids.
The purity nitrogen 120kg that urinates base nitrogenous fertilizer in dedicated fertilizer of take is basis, wherein urea pure nitrogen level meter is (to use 1 hectare of rice terrace, big area is used that the rest may be inferred and is calculated preparation and use quantity) calculate the proportioning quantity of phosphorus in above-mentioned special fertilizer, potassium and various middle amount and trace element, according to above-mentioned preparation process, make the fertilizer that can be applied to 1 hectare of rice terrace.
Application process: take yield target as 7500-9000kg/hm
2for example, by the urea pure nitrogen level of above-mentioned urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, be 120kg, other raw material does at rice transplanting by the Rice Production special fertilizer of this benchmark preparation that base manure is disposable to be applied in 1 hectare of rice terrace for first 3 days, in growth process of riceplant, no longer topdresses; During fertilising, adopt whole layer placement of fertilizer method, be about to fertilizer and apply in 5-15cm soil, the uniform of application of monoblock field, or adopt special machinery is applied fertilizer, after applying, fertilizer completed soaked field rice transplanting in one week.
Embodiment 2:
Fertilizer forms by urinating base nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, moderate-element and trace element, wherein urinates base nitrogenous fertilizer in urea pure nitrogen level: account for common large the urea (particle diameter 2.5-3.5mm) of urea pure nitrogen level 10%, the slow-release carbamide that accounts for urea pure nitrogen level 25%, the Polymer coated urea that accounts for 60-75 days release periods of urea pure nitrogen level 30%, the polymkeric substance urea of 75-100 days release periods that accounts for urea pure nitrogen level 25% and the urea of sulphur dressing (film) that accounts for 100-120 days release periods of urea pure nitrogen level 10% and form;
Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is with P
2o
5meter is 60% calcium superphosphate of pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer; Potassium Fertilizer is with K
2o meter is 100% vitriolate of tartar of pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer.Moderate-element, in simple substance, to account for the Mg of pure nitrogen level 20% in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, wherein magnesium is selected from sal epsom; Trace element, in simple substance, to account for pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, 2% Fe, 1% Cu, 1% Mn, 1% Zn, 0.6% B, 0.5% Mo, silicon is (with SiO
2meter) for accounting for pure nitrogen level 30% in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer.Wherein iron is selected from ferric sulfate, copper and is selected from copper sulfate, manganese and is selected from manganous sulfate, zinc and is selected from that zinc sulfate, boron are selected from borax, molybdenum is selected from ammonium molybdate, and silicon is selected from potassium silicate.
Preparation method: first select particle diameter to be urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer of 2mm, standby; Secondly moderate-element is joined in the humic acids that accounts for moderate-element quality 70% and mixed, then add trace element to mix, with binding agent, carry out granulation, cause particle diameter to be the fertilizer of 2mm, stand-by; Finally above-mentioned mixing is obtained to Rice Production dedicated fertilizer.
The purity nitrogen 150kg that urinates base nitrogenous fertilizer in dedicated fertilizer of take is basis, wherein urea pure nitrogen level meter is (to use 1 hectare of rice terrace, big area is used that the rest may be inferred and is calculated preparation and use quantity) calculate the proportioning quantity of phosphorus in above-mentioned special fertilizer, potassium and various middle amount and trace element, according to above-mentioned preparation process, make the fertilizer that can be applied to 1 hectare of rice terrace.
Application process: take yield target as 9000-10500kg/hm
2for example, by the urea pure nitrogen level of above-mentioned urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, be 150kg, other raw material does at rice transplanting by the Rice Production special fertilizer of this benchmark preparation that base manure is disposable to be applied in 1 hectare of rice terrace for first 3 days, in growth process of riceplant, no longer topdresses; During fertilising, adopt whole layer placement of fertilizer method, be about to fertilizer and apply in 5-15cm soil, the uniform of application of monoblock field, or adopt special machinery is applied fertilizer, after applying, fertilizer completed soaked field rice transplanting in one week.
Embodiment 3:
Fertilizer forms by urinating base nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, moderate-element and trace element, wherein urinates base nitrogenous fertilizer in urea pure nitrogen level: account for common large the urea (particle diameter 2.5-3.5mm) (replacing with nitrogen in the monoammonium phosphate adding) of urea pure nitrogen level 0%, the peptide urea that accounts for urea pure nitrogen level 22%, the Polymer coated urea that accounts for 60-75 days release periods of urea pure nitrogen level 40%, the polymkeric substance urea of 75-100 days release periods that accounts for urea pure nitrogen level 15% and the urea of polymer coating (film) that accounts for 100-120 days release periods of urea pure nitrogen level 15% and form;
Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is with P
2o
5meter, is 70% of pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizer is selected monoammonium phosphate and calcium superphosphate; Wherein monoammonium phosphate (available nutrient 55%, wherein nitrogenous 11%, containing P
2o
544%, can replace common granular urea nitrogen in purity nitrogen 8%) can only use 145kg, all the other use calcium superphosphate; Potassium Fertilizer is with K
2o meter is 120% Repone K of pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer.Moderate-element, in simple substance, to account for the Mg of pure nitrogen level 20% in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, wherein magnesium is selected from sal epsom, 10% Ca, calcium is selected from calcium sulfate; Trace element, in simple substance, to account for pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, 5% Fe, 4% Cu, 4% Mn, 3% Zn, 1% B, 1% Mo, silicon is (with SiO
2meter) for accounting for pure nitrogen level 25% in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer.Wherein iron is selected from ferric sulfate, copper and is selected from copper sulfate, manganese and is selected from manganous sulfate, zinc and is selected from that zinc sulfate, boron are selected from borax, molybdenum is selected from ammonium molybdate, and silicon is selected from potassium silicate.
Preparation method: first select particle diameter to be urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer of 3mm, standby; Secondly moderate-element is joined in the humate that accounts for moderate-element quality 80% and mixed, then add trace element to mix, with binding agent, carry out granulation, cause particle diameter to be the fertilizer of 3mm, stand-by; Finally above-mentioned mixing is obtained to Rice Production dedicated fertilizer.Described humate can be humic acids iron, humic acids molybdenum, yellow humic acid, fulvic acid potassium.
The purity nitrogen 200Kg that urinates base nitrogenous fertilizer in dedicated fertilizer of take is basis, wherein urea pure nitrogen level meter is (to use 1 hectare of rice terrace, big area is used that the rest may be inferred and is calculated preparation and use quantity) calculate the proportioning quantity of phosphorus in above-mentioned special fertilizer, potassium and various middle amount and trace element, according to above-mentioned preparation process, make the fertilizer that can be applied to 1 hectare of rice terrace.
Application process: take yield target as 9750-11250kg/hm
2for example, by the urea pure nitrogen level of above-mentioned urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, be 200kg, other raw material does at rice transplanting by the Rice Production special fertilizer of this benchmark preparation that base manure is disposable to be applied in 1 hectare of rice terrace for first 3 days, in growth process of riceplant, no longer topdresses; During fertilising, adopt whole layer placement of fertilizer method, be about to fertilizer and apply in 5-15cm soil, the uniform of application of monoblock field, or adopt special machinery is applied fertilizer, after applying, fertilizer completed soaked field rice transplanting in one week.
Embodiment 4:
Fertilizer forms by urinating base nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, moderate-element and trace element, wherein urinates base nitrogenous fertilizer in urea pure nitrogen level: account for common large the urea (particle diameter 2.5-3.5mm) (in the diammonium phosphate adding, nitrogen replaces) of urea pure nitrogen level 0%, the slow-release carbamide that accounts for urea pure nitrogen level 25%, 60-75 days release period sulphur dressing (film) urea that account for urea pure nitrogen level 40%, the polymkeric substance urea of 75-100 days release periods that accounts for urea pure nitrogen level 20% and the urea of sulphur dressing (film) that accounts for 100-120 days release periods of urea pure nitrogen level 10% and form;
Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is with P
2o
5meter, is 80% of pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizer is diammonium phosphate and calcium superphosphate, wherein diammonium phosphate (available nutrient 64%, nitrogenous 18%, containing P
2o
546%, can replace common granular urea nitrogen in purity nitrogen 5%) can only use 61kg, all the other use calcium superphosphate; Potassium Fertilizer is with K
2o meter is 100% Repone K of pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer.Moderate-element, in simple substance, to account for the Mg of pure nitrogen level 20% in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, wherein magnesium is selected from sal epsom, and 20%Ca is selected from calcium sulfate; Trace element, in simple substance, to account for pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, 3% Fe, 2% Cu, 2% Mn, 2% Zn, 0.8% B, 0.5% Mo, silicon is (with SiO
2meter) for accounting for pure nitrogen level 40% in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer.Wherein iron is selected from ferric sulfate, copper and is selected from copper sulfate, manganese and is selected from manganous sulfate, zinc and is selected from that zinc sulfate, boron are selected from borax, molybdenum is selected from ammonium molybdate, and silicon is selected from potassium silicate.
Preparation method: first select particle diameter to be urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer of 4mm, standby; Secondly moderate-element is joined in the humate that accounts for moderate-element quality 90% and mixed, then add trace element to mix, with binding agent, carry out granulation, cause particle diameter to be the fertilizer of 4mm, stand-by; Finally above-mentioned mixing is obtained to Rice Production dedicated fertilizer.Described humate can be fulvic acid potassium, fulvic acid sodium, yellow humic acid zinc, ammonium humate, nitro humic acid.
The purity nitrogen 220kg that urinates base nitrogenous fertilizer in dedicated fertilizer of take is basis, wherein urea pure nitrogen level meter is (to use 1 hectare of rice terrace, big area is used that the rest may be inferred and is calculated preparation and use quantity) calculate the proportioning quantity of phosphorus in above-mentioned special fertilizer, potassium and various middle amount and trace element, according to above-mentioned preparation process, make the fertilizer that can be applied to 1 hectare of rice terrace.
Application process: take yield target as 10500-12000kg/hm
2for example, by the urea pure nitrogen level of above-mentioned urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, be 220kg, other raw material does at rice transplanting by the Rice Production special fertilizer of this benchmark preparation that base manure is disposable to be applied in 1 hectare of rice terrace for first 3 days, in growth process of riceplant, no longer topdresses; During fertilising, adopt whole layer placement of fertilizer method, be about to fertilizer and apply in 5-15cm soil, the uniform of application of monoblock field, or adopt special machinery is applied fertilizer, after applying, fertilizer completed soaked field rice transplanting in one week.
Embodiment 5:
Fertilizer forms by urinating base nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, moderate-element and trace element, wherein urinates base nitrogenous fertilizer in urea pure nitrogen level: account for common large the urea (particle diameter 2.5-3.5mm) of urea pure nitrogen level 10%, the slow-release carbamide that accounts for urea pure nitrogen level 20%, the Polymer coated urea that accounts for 60-75 days release periods of urea pure nitrogen level 40%, the Polymer coated urea that accounts for 75-100 days release period sulphur dressing (film) urea (purchased from Shanghai Chinese maple) of urea pure nitrogen level 15% and account for 100-120 days release periods of urea pure nitrogen level 15% and form;
Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is with P
2o
5meter is 80% calcium magnesium phosphorus of pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer; Potassium Fertilizer is with K
2o meter is 150% Repone K of pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer.Trace element, in simple substance, to account for pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, 5% Fe, 3% Cu, 3% Mn, 2% Zn, 1% B, 1% Mo, silicon is (with SiO
2meter) for accounting for pure nitrogen level 40% in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer.Wherein iron is selected from ferric sulfate, copper and is selected from copper sulfate, manganese and is selected from manganous sulfate, zinc and is selected from that zinc sulfate, boron are selected from borax, molybdenum is selected from ammonium molybdate, and silicon is selected from potassium silicate.
Preparation method: first select particle diameter to be urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer of 4.5mm, standby; Secondly moderate-element is joined in the humate that accounts for moderate-element quality 100% and mixed, then add trace element to mix, with binding agent, carry out granulation, cause particle diameter to be the fertilizer of 4.5mm, stand-by; Finally above-mentioned mixing is obtained to Rice Production dedicated fertilizer.Described humate can be zinc humic acid, humic acids iron, humic acids molybdenum, yellow humic acid, fulvic acid potassium, ammonium humate, nitro humic acid.
The purity nitrogen 225kg that urinates base nitrogenous fertilizer in dedicated fertilizer of take is basis, wherein urea pure nitrogen level meter is (to use 1 hectare of rice terrace, big area is used that the rest may be inferred and is calculated preparation and use quantity) calculate the proportioning quantity of phosphorus in above-mentioned special fertilizer, potassium and various middle amount and trace element, according to above-mentioned preparation process, make the fertilizer that can be applied to 1 hectare of rice terrace.
Application process: take yield target as 11250-12750kg/hm
2for example, by the urea pure nitrogen level of above-mentioned urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, be 225kg, other raw material does at rice transplanting by the Rice Production special fertilizer of this benchmark preparation that base manure is disposable to be applied in 1 hectare of rice terrace for first 3 days, in growth process of riceplant, no longer topdresses; During fertilising, adopt whole layer placement of fertilizer method, be about to fertilizer and apply in 5-15cm soil, the uniform of application of monoblock field, or adopt special machinery is applied fertilizer, after applying, fertilizer completed soaked field rice transplanting in one week.
Embodiment 6:
Fertilizer forms by urinating base nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, moderate-element and trace element, wherein urinates base nitrogenous fertilizer in urea pure nitrogen level: account for common large the urea (particle diameter 2.5-3.5mm) (in the diammonium phosphate adding, nitrogen replaces) of urea pure nitrogen level 0%, the slow-release carbamide that accounts for urea pure nitrogen level 15%, the Polymer coated urea that accounts for 60-75 days release periods of urea pure nitrogen level 40%, sulphur dressing (film) urea of 75-110 days release periods that accounts for urea pure nitrogen level 25% and the urea of sulphur dressing (film) that accounts for 100-120 days release periods of urea pure nitrogen level 15% and form;
Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is with P
2o
5meter, is 75% of pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, and phosphate fertilizer is diammonium phosphate and calcium superphosphate, wherein diammonium phosphate (available nutrient 64%, nitrogenous 18%, containing P
2o
546%, can replace common granular urea nitrogen in purity nitrogen 5%) can only use 61kg, all the other use calcium superphosphate; Potassium Fertilizer is with K
2o meter is 100% vitriolate of tartar of pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer.Trace element, in simple substance, to account for pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, 5% Fe, 3% Cu, 4% Mn, 3% Zn, 0.5% B, 0.6% Mo, silicon is (with SiO
2meter) for accounting for pure nitrogen level 30% in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer.Wherein iron is selected from ferric sulfate, copper and is selected from copper sulfate, manganese and is selected from manganous sulfate, zinc and is selected from that zinc sulfate, boron are selected from borax, molybdenum is selected from ammonium molybdate, and silicon is selected from potassium silicate.
Preparation method: first select particle diameter to be urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer of 2.5mm, standby; Secondly moderate-element is joined in the humate that accounts for moderate-element quality 100% and mixed, then add trace element to mix, with binding agent, carry out granulation, cause particle diameter to be the fertilizer of 2.5mm, stand-by; Finally above-mentioned mixing is obtained to Rice Production dedicated fertilizer.Described humate can be nitro humic acid.
The purity nitrogen 240kg that urinates base nitrogenous fertilizer in dedicated fertilizer of take is basis, wherein urea pure nitrogen level meter is (to use 1 hectare of rice terrace, big area is used that the rest may be inferred and is calculated preparation and use quantity) calculate the proportioning quantity of phosphorus in above-mentioned special fertilizer, potassium and various middle amount and trace element, according to above-mentioned preparation process, make the fertilizer that can be applied to 1 hectare of rice terrace.
Application process: take yield target as 12750-13500kg/hm
2for example, by the urea pure nitrogen level of above-mentioned urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, be 240kg, other raw material does at rice transplanting by the Rice Production special fertilizer of this benchmark preparation that base manure is disposable to be applied in 1 hectare of rice terrace for first 3 days, in growth process of riceplant, no longer topdresses; During fertilising, adopt whole layer placement of fertilizer method, be about to fertilizer and apply in 5-15cm soil, the uniform of application of monoblock field, or adopt special machinery is applied fertilizer, after applying, fertilizer completed soaked field rice transplanting in one week.
Application examples 1:
Take yield target as 9750-11250kg/hm
2for example, the urea pure nitrogen level of the invention described above being urinated to base nitrogenous fertilizer is 200kg, and other raw material does at rice transplanting by the Rice Production special fertilizer of this benchmark preparation that base manure is disposable to be applied in 1 hectare of rice terrace for first 3 days, in growth process of riceplant, no longer topdresses; During fertilising, adopt whole layer placement of fertilizer method, be about to fertilizer and apply in 5-15cm soil, the uniform of application of monoblock field, fertilizer applies soaked field rice transplanting in latter 3 days.Take purity nitrogen as 200kg/ hectare common urea, and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is with P
2o
5meter, is the calcium superphosphate of pure nitrogen level 70% in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, and Potassium Fertilizer is with K
2o meter, be in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer pure nitrogen level 120%, potash fertilizer selects Repone K in contrast in incorporation of fertilizerin the soil, wherein purity nitrogen is that 20% of 200kg/ hectare common urea topdressed and 10% filling stage topdressed as the phase in boot stage, application result is as follows:
Test is at Shi Lihe village, Shi Lihe town, Shujiatun District, Shenyang City rice test
| Process | Output | Units increased in production % |
| Use contrast fertilizer | 10043kg/hm 2 | 0 |
| Use fertilizer of the present invention | 11198kg/hm 2 | 11.50 |
Application examples 2:
Take yield target as 12750-13500kg/hm
2for example, take purity nitrogen as 240kg/ hectare common urea, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is with P
2o
5meter, is the calcium superphosphate of pure nitrogen level 70% in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, and Potassium Fertilizer is with K
2o meter, be in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer pure nitrogen level 120%, potash fertilizer selects Repone K in contrast in incorporation of fertilizerin the soil, wherein purity nitrogen is that 20% of 240kg/ hectare common urea topdressed and 10% filling stage topdressed as the phase in boot stage.By the urea pure nitrogen level of urinating base nitrogenous fertilizer in the invention described above special fertilizer, be 216kg (reducing 10%), other raw material does at rice transplanting by the Rice Production special fertilizer of this benchmark preparation that base manure is disposable to be applied in 1 hectare of rice terrace for first 3 days, in growth process of riceplant, no longer topdresses; During fertilising, adopt whole layer placement of fertilizer method, be about to fertilizer and apply in 5-15cm soil, the uniform of application of monoblock field, fertilizer applies soaked field rice transplanting in latter 3 days.Application result is as follows:
Test is at Shi Lihe village, Shi Lihe town, Shujiatun District, Shenyang City rice test
| Process | Output | Units increased in production % |
| Use contrast fertilizer | 11189kg/hm 2 | 0 |
| Use fertilizer of the present invention | 12868kg/hm 2 | 15.0 |
Claims (6)
1. a special fertilizer for green rice production, mainly by N, P, K forms, it is characterized in that: fertilizer is by urinating base nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, moderate-element and trace element form, wherein urinate base nitrogenous fertilizer in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer pure nitrogen level, by the common granular urea that accounts for urine base nitrogenous fertilizer pure nitrogen level 5-10%, account for slow-release carbamide or the peptide urea of urine base nitrogenous fertilizer pure nitrogen level 15-25%, account for the high molecular polymer of 60-75 days release periods or the urea of sulphur dressing (film) of urine base nitrogenous fertilizer pure nitrogen level 30-40%, account for the polymkeric substance of 75-100 days release periods or the urea of sulphur dressing (film) of urine base nitrogenous fertilizer pure nitrogen level 15-25% and account for the polymkeric substance of 100-120 days release periods or the urea of sulphur dressing (film) composition of urinating base nitrogenous fertilizer pure nitrogen level 10-15%, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is with P
2o
5meter is the 50-80% of pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, Potassium Fertilizer is with K
2o meter is the 80-150% of pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, moderate-element is in simple substance, for accounting in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer the calcium of pure nitrogen level 10-30%, the sulphur of the magnesium of 10-30% and 8-30%, trace element is in simple substance, for accounting for the iron of pure nitrogen level 1-5% in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, the manganese of the copper of 0.5-4%, 0.5-4%, the boron of the zinc of 1-5%, 0.5-5% and the molybdenum of 0.3-3%, silicon in element silicon is the 20-40% that accounts for pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer.
2. by special fertilizer for green rice production claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is with P
2o
5meter is one or more in monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, double superhosphate, calcium superphosphate and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate.
3. by special fertilizer for green rice production claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described phosphate fertilizer be monoammonium phosphate or/and diammonium phosphate is phosphate fertilizer raw material, its consumption is the 3-5% that accounts for pure nitrogen level in urine base nitrogenous fertilizer, surplus is selected double superhosphate.
4. by special fertilizer for green rice production claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described Potassium Fertilizer is with K
2o meter is one or both in vitriolate of tartar, Repone K.
5. by special fertilizer for green rice production claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described moderate-element, calcium is selected from calcium sulfate, magnesium is selected from sal epsom; In trace element, iron is selected from ferric sulfate, copper and is selected from copper sulfate, manganese and is selected from manganous sulfate, zinc and is selected from that zinc sulfate, boron are selected from borax, molybdenum is selected from ammonium molybdate or Sodium orthomolybdate; Silicon is selected from potassium silicate.
6. the application process by special fertilizer for green rice production claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: to urinate the pure nitrogen level in base nitrogenous fertilizer, when urine base nitrogenous fertilizer pure nitrogen level is 120-240kg, other raw material does at rice transplanting by the Rice Production special fertilizer of this benchmark preparation that base manure is disposable to be applied in 1 hectare of rice terrace for first 3 days, in growth process of riceplant, no longer topdresses; During fertilising, adopt whole layer placement of fertilizer method, be about to fertilizer and apply in 5-15cm soil, the uniform of application of monoblock field, or adopt special machinery to apply fertilizer, after applying, fertilizer completed soaked field rice transplanting in one week.
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| CN102108039B true CN102108039B (en) | 2014-01-15 |
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