CN108623419A - Disposable deep placement complex fertilizer of early rice and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to agricultural fertilizer material fields, disclose a kind of disposable deep placement complex fertilizer of early rice, and component is common urea：31 37%, control release urea：10 12%, monoammonium phosphate：20.5 25%, potassium chloride 30 37%.Wherein the controlled release phase of control release urea is 90 days.The invention also discloses the preparation methods of the compound fertilizer：Mass percent is 31 37：20.5‑25：30 37 urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride mixing granulation adds the control release urea that controlled release phase that mass percent is 10 12 is 90 days and is sufficiently mixed, form a kind of N：P₂O₅：K₂O=21.8 23.8：9.6‑10.8：18 21.6 complex fertilizer.Early rice single fertilization is given with the complex fertilizer of the formula, there is yield height, the high advantage of plant recovery of nutrient.

Description

Disposable deep placement complex fertilizer of early rice and preparation method thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to agricultural fertilizer material fields, and in particular to a kind of disposable deep placement complex fertilizer of early rice and its preparation side Method.

Background technology

Rice is one of most important cereal crops in China, in the case where the big cultivated area of China human mortality quantity is few, is carried High rice yield becomes urgent problems.And it is the important means for improving rice yield to apply nitrogenous fertilizer, this also results in China The unit area amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of rice is higher by 75% than the world.Existing fertilising means mostly manually shed top application, also there is machinery Base manure deep placement, but be repeatedly to apply fertilizer within entire growth period duration of rice, not only increase the cost of manual work, and nitrogenous fertilizer stream Vector is big, causes utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer low.The fertilising of excess causes waste again, also adds the burden of environment.

Since straight fertilizer is at low cost, current China's Rice Production is with fertilizer still with ammonium bicarbonate, urea, calcium superphosphate or calcium and magnesium Based on the straight fertilizers such as phosphate fertilizer, potassium chloride.For peasant, although China widelys popularize Formula fertilization by soil testing, how It scientifically and rationally applies fertilizer still difficult.Currently, composite fertilizer material development trend is very fast, but current compound fertilizer formula mostly needle To manually shedding top application, nitrogen content is generally higher, needs repeatedly fertilising in the different growing stages of early rice, and different growing stages need The fertilizer formula of application is not quite similar again, exacerbates the confusion that complex fertilizer uses, and unreasonable formula is applied to crops It is easier that crop production reduction or fertilizer loss is caused to aggravate.

And with economic development, peasant, which applies fertilizer, pursues the few and easy to operate single fertilization of recruitment, and fertilizer is in soil Release rule is complete with crop growth demand on the contrary, soil nutrient content reaches most when seedling stage being caused to need fertilizer few in this way in earth Height, soil nutrient is but preferably minimized when needing fertilizer more into reproductive stage.Recently also occur adding NAM in complex fertilizer Composite restrainer extends the method for fertilizer effectiveness, but by inhibitors for extending fertilizer effectiveness, the release time of fertilizer effectiveness is not Uniformly, and the decline of short-term fertility can cause peasant to increase dose instead, cause nitrogenous fertilizer to be crossed and apply.

Invention content

The purpose of the invention is to overcome the problems, such as that nitrogenous fertilizer of the existing technology is crossed to apply unbalanced with fertility, one is provided Kind is suitble to the complex fertilizer used in the disposable deep placement of early rice, the complex fertilizer disposable deep placement in early rice rice transplanting to have nitrogenous fertilizer Amount of application is few, no longer needs to apply fertilizer in the whole life cycle of early rice after single fertilization, and plant recovery of nutrient is high, and yield is also Increase.

To achieve the goals above, first aspect present invention provides a kind of early rice complex fertilizer, including following component：

Preferably, the controlled release phase of the control release urea is 90 days.

Second aspect of the present invention provides the preparation method for the early rice complex fertilizer that first aspect present invention provides, including as follows Step：

A) chlorination of the common urea of 31-37 parts by weight, the monoammonium phosphate and 30-37 parts by weight of 20.5-25 parts by weight is taken Potassium mixes, and is granulated；

B) control release urea that the particle that step a) is obtained is 90 days with the controlled release phase of 10-12 parts by weight is mixed.

Through the above technical solutions, the complex fertilizer of the present invention is used for disposable deep placement when the early rice machine transplanting of rice, with Current Farmers Compared with habits fertilization (base manure is with tillering fertilizer split application), nitrogen utilization efficiency increase about 40%, early rice yield increase about 8%.

Specific implementation mode

The endpoint of disclosed range and any value are not limited to the accurate range or value herein, these ranges or Value should be understood as comprising the value close to these ranges or value.For numberical range, between the endpoint value of each range, respectively It can be combined with each other between the endpoint value of a range and individual point value, and individually between point value and obtain one or more New numberical range, these numberical ranges should be considered as specific open herein.

The present invention will be described in detail by way of examples below.

Embodiment 1

Formula：Common urea：35 kilograms, monoammonium phosphate：21 kilograms, potassium chloride：33 kilograms, 90 days control release ureas：11 is public Jin.

Preparation method：By 35 kilograms of common ureas, 21 kg of phosphoric acid monoammoniums, 33 kilograms of potassium chloride mixing are granulated；Again with 11 The control release urea that kilogram controlled release phase is 90 days mixes.

N, P in the early rice complex fertilizer₂O5、K₂The mass fraction of O is respectively：23.0,9.9 and 19.8.

Embodiment 2

Formula：Common urea：31.5 kilograms, monoammonium phosphate：20.5 kilograms, potassium chloride：36 kilograms, 90 days control release ureas： 12 kilograms.

Preparation method：By 31.5 kilograms of common ureas, 20.5 kg of phosphoric acid monoammoniums, 36 kilograms of potassium chloride mixing are granulated；Again The control release urea for being 90 days with 12 kilograms of controlled release phases mixes.

N, P in the early rice complex fertilizer₂O5、K₂The mass fraction of O is respectively：21.8,9.6 and 21.6,

Embodiment 3

Formula：Common urea：37 kilograms, monoammonium phosphate：23 kilograms, potassium chloride：30 kilograms, 90 days control release ureas：10 is public Jin.

Preparation method：By 37 kilograms of common ureas, 23 kg of phosphoric acid monoammoniums, 30 kilograms of potassium chloride mixing are granulated；Again with 10 The control release urea that kilogram controlled release phase is 90 days mixes.

N, P2O5, K in the early rice complex fertilizer₂The mass fraction of O is respectively：23.8,10.8 and 18,

Planting experiment：

Planting experiment is carried out in the Hunan Province Miluo City towns Gu Pei, is long-grained nonglutinous rice two excellent 25 for examination early-paddy brown rice；For examination fertilizer by Wo Bote ecological agricultures Science and Technology Ltd. provides, common urea, potassium chloride, and all commercially available common products of monoammonium phosphate are right Compound fertilizer used in ratio is N, P2O₅、K₂The content of O is the commercially available compound fertilizer of 20-10-10.6 processing of experiment point, divide cell kind It plants, each one cell of processing, plot area 12m × 4m=48m², planting density 12cm × 25cm, each processing is repeated 3 times, Totally 18 cells, in the random district's groups arrangement in big field.Each processing institute dose is as follows：

Processing 1：30.0 kgs/acre of 20-10-10 compound fertilizers, spread fertilizer over the fields when doing base manure site preparation, and urea is spread fertilizer over the fields in tillering stage addition 8.7 kgs/acre, 5.0 kgs/acre of potassium chloride, dose：10 kgs/acre of N, P₂O₅3 kgs/acre, K₂6 kgs/acre of O；

Processing 2：Using 45% common urea, 22% monoammonium phosphate, 33% potassium chloride mixing granulation, the rice shoot machine transplanting of rice When synchronize 32.26 kgs/acre, fertilization depth 5-8cm of disposable deep placement, dose：8 kgs/acre of N, P₂O₅3 kgs/acre, K₂O 6 kgs/acre.

Processing 3：Using 1 made early rice complex fertilizer of embodiment, when rice shoot machine transplanting of rice synchronize 32.26 kilograms of disposable deep placement/ Mu, fertilization depth 5-8cm, dose：8 kgs/acre of N, P₂O₅3 kgs/acre, K₂O6 kgs/acre.

Processing 4：Using 2 made early rice complex fertilizer of embodiment, when rice shoot machine transplanting of rice synchronize 32.26 kilograms of disposable deep placement/ Mu, fertilization depth 5-8cm, dose：7 kgs/acre of N, P₂O₅3.1 kgs/acre, K₂6.9 kgs/acre of O.

Processing 5：Using 3 made early rice complex fertilizer of embodiment, when rice shoot machine transplanting of rice synchronize 32.26 kilograms of disposable deep placement/ Mu, fertilization depth 5-8cm, dose：7.7 kgs/acre of N, P₂O₅3.5 kgs/acre, K₂5.8 kgs/acre of O.

Processing 6：Using 25.0 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 5.0 kilograms of potassium chloride is spread fertilizer over the fields per acre, tillering stage imposes potassium chloride per acre 5.0 kilogram.Dose：0 kg/acre of N, P₂O₅3 kgs/acre, K₂6 kgs/acre of O.

Field management is carried out by identical condition.

Test result measures：

1, nitrogen absorption and utilization rate：In the maturity period, each cell takes 5 root and stem of certain plants of representative rice strain, divides plant and seed at 105 DEG C Water-removing is weighed after 80 DEG C of drying to constant weight.Sample comminution is ground, H is used₂SO₄-H₂O₂Disappear and boil, with each device of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination The nitrogen content of official.

Computational methods are：N gross absorptions=paddy weight × paddy leaded wastewater+straw weight × straw leaded wastewater；N fertilizer absorbs Utilization rate=(applying the areas N N gross absorptions one without the areas N N gross absorptions)/total N applied × 100%.

2, species test meter produces：Maturity period presses horizontally selected 5 cave of representational plant of average effective fringe, carries out species test, species test The effective fringe of main index, Defined daily doses and empty empty grain number, setting percentage and mass of 1000 kernel etc..Cell production takes singles singly to shine Paid survey production, and deduct cell Sampling Area and calculate real area yield.

Test result is as shown in table 1：

Table 1

It can be seen that by the result of table 1 disposable using the 3 early rice complex fertilizer machine transplanting of rice of 1- of embodiment of the present invention embodiments Processing 3- processing 6, the N fertilizer absorption rates and yield index of deep placement are more disposable than traditional fertilization mode, ordinary compound fertilizer Deep placement significantly improves, wherein the processing 3 of most preferred embodiment using the present invention 1, N fertilizer absorption rates, which are compared, uses traditional fertilization The processing 1 of mode improves 142%, and the processing 2 compared to the ordinary compound fertilizer using identical dose, identical fertilization mode improves 40.4%, number of productive ear is respectively increased 99.2%, 20.6% compared to processing 1 and processing 2, and number of grain per ear is compared to processing 1 and processing 2 It is respectively increased 14.2%, 12.8%, mass of 1000 kernel is respectively increased 12.2%, 6.7% compared to processing 1 and processing 2, and setting percentage is compared to place Reason 1 and processing 2 are respectively increased 17.4%, 11.5%, and yield is respectively increased 8.0%, 8.0% compared to processing 1 and processing 2.This hair Bright early rice complex fertilizer prevents nitrogenous fertilizer from crossing the pollution applied to arable land in the plant recovery of nutrient for improving early rice yield, improving early rice Aspect has apparent better effect.

The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above in detail, and still, the present invention is not limited thereto.In the skill of the present invention In art conception range, technical scheme of the present invention can be carried out a variety of simple variants, including each technical characteristic with it is any its Its suitable method is combined, and it should also be regarded as the disclosure of the present invention for these simple variants and combination, belongs to Protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of disposable deep placement complex fertilizer of early rice, which is characterized in that including following component：

2. the disposable deep placement complex fertilizer of early rice according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the controlled release of the control release urea Phase is 90 days.

3. a kind of preparation method of the disposable deep placement complex fertilizer of early rice, includes the following steps：

A) take the potassium chloride of the common urea of 31-37 parts by weight, the monoammonium phosphate of 20.5-25 parts by weight and 30-37 parts by weight mixed It closes, is granulated；

B) control release urea that the particle that step a) is obtained is 90 days with the controlled release phase of 10-12 parts by weight is mixed.