CN102055363A - 用于两级太阳能转换器的dc总线电压控制 - Google Patents
用于两级太阳能转换器的dc总线电压控制 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
公开用于从例如光电(PV)阵列(110)等DC电源向AC电力网(140)供应AC电力(135)的***、方法和设备。该***和方法可以包括以DC总线电压提供DC电力到DC总线(225)的耦合于该DC电源的转换器。该***和方法可以进一步包括耦合于该DC总线(225)的逆变器(130),其用于将该DC总线(225)的DC电力(125)转换为输出AC电力(135)。该***和方法可以进一步包括配置成调整该DC总线(225)的该DC总线电压以在可变DC总线电压设置点(302)运行的控制***(300)。该控制***(300)可以至少部分基于逆变器(130)的输出AC电流调节该DC总线电压设置点(302)。
Description
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及太阳能发电领域,并且更具体地涉及用于在太阳能电力转换器(solar power converter)中控制DC总线电压的方法和***。
背景技术
太阳能发电在世界上正成为日益增大的能量来源。太阳能发电***典型地包括具有多个互连的太阳能电池(其通过光生伏打效应将太阳能转换为DC电力)的一个或多个光伏阵列(PV阵列)。为了将PV阵列的输出联接到公用电网,需要太阳能转换器以改变PV阵列的DC电流和DC电压输出为将电力馈给公用电网的60/50Hz AC电流波形。
存在各种太阳能电力转换器用于将PV阵列的DC输出联接到AC电力。太阳能电力转换器的一个实现由两级构成,升压转换器级和逆变器级。该升压转换器控制DC电力从PV阵列流到DC总线上。该逆变器将供应到该DC总线的电力转换为可以输出到AC电网的AC电流和AC电压。
现有的太阳能电力转换器利用控制***调整升压转换器和逆变器以补偿各种***变量,例如AC电网电压大小、功率器件(例如在太阳能电力转换器中使用的绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)、二极管和电抗器、在太阳能功率收集***中使用的变压器和导体等)两端的电压降和其他***变量等。为了适应电网电压的正常工作范围,例如标称电网电压的±10%,该控制***将典型地调整太阳能电力转换器的DC总线电压以在固定的DC总线电压设置点(例如大约标称AC电网电压的100%)运行。然而,固定DC总线电压设置点的使用不优化太阳能电力转换器的效率,常常导致太阳能电力转换器的IGBT和二极管的更高半导体结温度和输出到AC电网的更高谐频(harmonic frequency)。当AC电网电压小于DC总线电压的电压时特别如此。
从而,存在需要调整DC总线电压以增加太阳能电力转换器的效率克服上文的劣势的太阳能电力转换器。
发明内容
本发明的方面和优势将在下列说明中部分阐述,或可从该说明是明显的,或可通过本发明的实践得知。
本公开的一个示范性实施例针对用于从例如PV阵列等DC电源向AC电力网供应AC电力的设备。该设备可以包括耦合于该DC电源的转换器。该转换器从DC电源提供DC电力到DC总线。该设备进一步包括耦合于DC总线的逆变器。该逆变器将DC总线的DC电力转换为AC电力,其可以输出到AC电力网。该设备进一步包括配置成调整DC总线的DC总线电压以在可变DC总线电压设置点运行的控制***。该控制***配置成至少部分基于逆变器的输出AC电流调节可变DC总线电压设置点的大小。
本发明的另一个示范性实施例针对用于在用于从DC电源提供AC电力到AC电力网的***中控制DC总线电压的方法。该方法包括以DC总线电压向DC总线提供DC电力并且用耦合于DC总线的逆变器将在DC总线上的DC电力转换为AC电力。该方法可以包括控制DC总线电压以DC总线电压设置点运行并且至少部分基于逆变器的输出AC电流改变DC总线电压设置点。
可以对本公开的这些示范性实施例做出变化和修改。
本发明的这些和其他特征、方面和优势将参照下列说明和附上的权利要求变得更好理解。包含在该说明书中并且构成其的一部分的附图图示本发明的实施例,并且与说明一起服务于解释本发明的原理。
附图说明
包括本发明的最佳模式、针对本领域内技术人员的本发明的完全和实现用的公开在该说明书中阐述,其参照附图,其中:
图1提供根据本公开的示范性实施例的太阳能电力转换器***的框图;
图2提供根据本公开的示范性实施例的太阳能发电***的电路图;
图3描绘根据本公开的示范性实施例的太阳能电力转换器***的调整器拓扑(regulator topology)的电路图;
图4描绘根据本公开的一个示范性实施例的示范性方法的流程图;以及
图5描绘根据本公开的另一个示范性实施例的示范性方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
现在将详细参考本发明的实施例,其的一个或多个示例在附图中图示。每个示例通过本发明的说明而非本发明的限制提供。实际上,各种修改和变化可以在本发明中做出而不偏离本发明的范围或精神对于本领域内技术人员将是明显的。例如,图示或描述为一个实施例的部分的特征可以与另一个实施例一起使用以产生再另外的实施例。从而,本意是本发明包含这样的修改和变化,其在附上的权利要求和它们的等同物的范围内。
一般,本公开针对用于从例如PV阵列等DC电源向AC电力网供应AC电力的方法和设备。图1描绘用于将来自PV阵列110的DC电力115转换为适合于馈给AC电力网140的AC电力的示范性两级电力转换器100的概念性框图。电力转换器100的第一级可以包括DC至DC转换器120,例如升压转换器等,其输出DC电力125到DC总线上。该电力转换器的第二级可以是将DC总线上的DC电力125转换为适合于馈给AC电力网140的AC电力135的逆变器130。
控制***150可以通过控制逆变器130的输出AC电流控制DC总线的DC总线电压。特别地,逆变器130可以由控制***150调整使得从逆变器130到AC电网140的有功功率流(逆变器输出AC电压和逆变器输出AC电流的矢量乘积的有功部分)等于由DC至DC转换器120供应给DC总线的功率。基于输出变压器和公用电网的阻抗,改变逆变器输出AC电流将导致逆变器输出AC电压的变化。因此,通过调节AC输出电流控制逆变器的输出功率是可能的。调节逆变器的输出功率将相应地引起在DC总线上的DC总线电压的变化。从而,通过控制逆变器130的输出AC电流,对应的逆变器130的输出AC电压和DC总线的DC总线电压也受控制。
逆变器130的输出AC电流并且对应地DC总线的DC总线电压可以使用控制逆变器130的控制***150调整。控制***150可以调整逆变器130的输出使得DC总线电压以可变DC总线电压设置点运行。例如IGBT等功率半导体的开关损耗与DC总线电压有关,使得当DC总线电压减少时,功率半导体的开关损耗也减少。通过基于感测的DC总线电压调节可变DC总线电压设置点的大小和通过基于逆变器130的输出AC电流控制DC总线电压,控制***增加逆变器130的效率是可能的。
例如,在某些实施例中,控制***150调节可变DC总线电压设置点的大小使得逆变器130具有恒定调制指数。如本文使用的,术语“调制指数”意在指度量逆变器130的峰值AC输出电压与DC总线电压的比的标量。通过包括可以配置成基于DC总线电压和逆变器130的输出AC电流调整DC总线电压设置点的大小的控制***150,本公开的主旨提供超过已知电力转换器控制***的优势。
例如,逆变器130的调制指数可以保持在固定值而不考虑在例如电网电压大小和功率器件(例如IGBT、二极管、导体、变压器、电抗器和其他器件等)两端的电压降等***变量中的预期变化。另外,根据本公开的实施例的总线电压控制的***和方法可以提供提高的逆变器130效率、较低半导体结温度和改进的到AC电网的谐波输出。
现在参照图2,现在将详细论述用于从PV阵列210向AC电力网240供应AC电力的示范性两级电力转换器***200。PV阵列210具有多个互连的太阳能电池,其响应于在PV阵列210上入射的太阳能产生DC电压和DC电流。PV阵列210的DC输出可以通过DC电抗器215耦合于升压转换器220。仅升压转换器220的电路的一部分在图2中描绘。图2描绘并行连接到升压转换器220的三个PV阵列210。使用本文提供的公开的本领域内技术人员应该容易理解升压转换器220可以包括任意数量的并行PV阵列输入而不偏离本发明的范围或精神。
升压转换器220提升PV阵列210的DC电压输出到更高的DC总线电压并且控制DC电力到DC总线225上的流动。尽管升压转换器220在图2中描绘,使用本文提供的公开的本领域内技术人员将理解配置成调整提供给DC总线225的DC电力的任何形式的DC至DC转换器在本公开的范围内。例如,DC至DC转换器可以是升压转换器、降压转换器或降压/升压转换器。
升压转换器220调整DC电力到DC总线225上的流动。升压转换器220通过调整到DC总线225的DC输入电流或DC输入电压(取决于调整升压转换器220的控制***的类型)控制电力到DC总线225上的流动。在特定实施例中,可以通过向升压转换器220中利用的IGBT 222发送栅极定时命令(gate timing command)控制升压转换器220。
升压转换器220向DC总线225供应DC电力。DC总线以由逆变器230调整的DC总线电压运行。DC总线220可以包括一个或多个电容器226以向DC总线220提供稳定性。如将在下文更详细论述的,本公开的实施例调整DC总线225的DC总线电压以在DC总线电压设置点运行。
逆变器230将DC总线225的DC电力转换为适合于馈给AC电力网240的AC电力。仅逆变器230的电路的一部分在图2中描绘。图2图示逆变器230的三相AC输出。然而,使用本文提供的公开的本领域内技术人员应该容易理解逆变器230可以类似地根据需要提供单相AC输出或其他多相AC输出而不偏离本发明的范围。
逆变器230利用一个或多个逆变器桥接电路(inverter bridge circuit)232,其包括功率器件,例如用于将在DC总线225上的DC电力转换为适合的AC波形的IGBT和二极管等。例如,在某些实施例中,逆变器230使用脉冲宽度调制(PWM)以将输出AC电压合成在AC电网频率。根据众所周知的PWM控制技术,可以通过向逆变器230的逆变器桥接电路232的IGBT提供栅极定时命令控制逆变器230的输出。从逆变器230流过的输出AC电流具有处于PWM斩波频率(chopping frequency)和电网频率的分量。
逆变器230的AC输出通过AC电抗器235耦合于AC电力网240。各种电部件和装置可以包括在逆变器230的输出和AC电力网240之间。例如,一个或多个导体、总线、变压器、断路器、浪涌保护装置、功率因数校正装置等可以包括在AC逆变器230的输出和AC电力网240之间。
电力转换器200还可以包括配置成监测电力转换器200的各种***参数的监测***。例如,电力转换器200可以包括配置成监测DC总线225的DC总线电压和逆变器230的输出AC电流的监测***。图2描绘DC总线电压传感器228和输出AC电流传感器238的位置。DC总线电压传感器228可以由控制***使用以基于DC总线225的DC总线电压产生DC总线电压反馈信号。输出AC电流传感器238可以用于基于逆变器230的输出AC电流产生输出AC电流反馈信号。在某些实施例中,逆变器230的AC输出电流在将逆变器230耦合于AC电力网240的任何电装置(例如导体、变压器、电抗器、功率因数校正装置等)之前被测量。如此,可以避免由这样的电装置引起的AC电流的变化。如将参照图3详细论述的,本公开的实施例利用DC总线电压反馈信号和输出AC电流反馈信号以调整电力转换器200的DC总线电压。
现在参照图3,现在将论述根据本公开的一个示范性实施例的控制***300。控制***300包括调整器328,其调整可变DC总线电压设置点302的水平以在恒定调制指数操作逆变器330。例如,逆变器330可以以在大约0.0至大约2.0(例如大约0.9至大约1.5,例如大约0.97至大约1.2)的范围中的调制指数而***作。如此,DC总线电压对逆变器的峰值输出AC电压的比例可以大致上恒定地保持在期望的水平以便增加逆变器330的效率。
可变DC总线电压设置点302是指示DC总线的期望DC总线电压的信号。可变DC总线电压设置点302基于DC总线电压设置点调整器328的输出调节使得逆变器330的调制指数大致上保持恒定。
可变DC总线电压设置点302与DC总线电压反馈信号比较以产生DC总线电压误差信号304。DC总线电压误差信号304是进入电压调整器306的输入,电压调整器306基于DC总线电压误差信号304产生有功电流参考命令(real current reference command)308。电压调整器306可以是比例调整器、比例积分调整器、比例微分调整器、比例积分微分调整器或其他适合的调整器。有功电流参考命令308提供将由逆变器330提供的有功输出AC电流的指示以将DC总线电压操作在可变DC总线电压设置点302。
有功电流参考命令308与输出AC电流反馈信号比较以产生有功输出AC电流误差信号310。有功输出AC电流误差信号310提供给电流调整器312,其产生有功电压参考命令314。与电压调整器308相似地,有功电流调整器312可以是比例调整器、比例积分调整器、比例微分调整器、比例积分微分调整器或其他适合的调整器。有功电压参考命令314提供将由逆变器330提供的有功输出AC电压的指示以达到将DC总线电压操作在可变DC总线电压设置点432所需要的输出AC电流。
有功电压参考命令314通过将有功电压参考命令314除以DC总线电压反馈信号而被规格化以产生提供给逆变器330的第一调制命令340。逆变器330至少部分基于第一调制命令340产生IGBT栅极定时命令以调整逆变器330的输出以达到在可变DC总线电压设置点302操作DC总线电压所需要的输出AC电流。
控制***300可以进一步包括无功电流调整器320以调整逆变器330以输出期望数量的无功电流到AC电网。无功电流设置点316是指示将由逆变器330输出的期望AC无功电流的信号。无功电流设置点316可以由公用电网操作员或其他操作员设置。
无功电流设置点316与输出AC电流反馈信号比较以产生无功输出AC电流误差信号318。无功输出AC电流误差信号318提供给电流调整器320,其产生无功电压参考命令322。无功电流调整器320可以是比例积分调整器、比例微分调整器、比例积分微分调整器或其他适合的调整器。无功电压参考命令322通过将无功电压参考命令322除以DC总线电压反馈信号而被规格化以产生提供给逆变器330的第二调制命令350。逆变器330至少部分基于第二调制命令350产生IGBT栅极定时命令以调整逆变器330的无功电流输出以产生大致上等于无功电流设置点316的无功AC输出电流。
控制***300包括控制回路(control loop)以调整可变DC总线电压设置点302的水平。该控制回路基于第一调制命令340和第二调制命令350确定逆变器330的调制指数反馈信号。例如,在特定实施例中,调制指数反馈信号可以根据下列公式计算:
其中Mxy是计算的调制指数并且Ux是第一调制命令340并且Uy是第二调制命令350。
该计算的调制指数与调制指数设置点324比较以产生调制指数误差信号326。调制指数设置点324可以由公用电网操作员或其他操作员设置以处于逆变器300的期望值。例如,在特定实施例中,调制指数设置点424可以在大约0.0至大约2.0(例如大约0.9至大约1.5,例如大约0.97至大约1.2等)的范围中。
调制指数误差信号326提供给DC总线电压设置点调整器328,其基于调制指数误差信号326产生DC总线电压设置点命令325。DC总线电压设置点调整器328可以是比例积分调整器、比例微分调整器、比例积分微分调整器或其他适合的调整器。控制***300基于DC总线电压设置点命令325调节DC总线电压设置点302使得逆变器330以恒定调制指数操作。
在特定实施例中,控制***300可以包括对于可变DC总线电压设置点302的范围的上限和下限以保持DC总线在期望的范围内。例如,对于可变DC总线电压设置点302的下限可以是标称AC电网电压。对于可变DC总线电压设置点302的该上限可以是标称AC电网电压的大约115%。通过包括对于可变DC总线电压设置点302的上限和下限,当AC电网电压变化超过对于正常工作要求的范围时控制***300可以保持DC总线电压在期望范围内。
如上文详细论述的,控制***300调整逆变器330的调制指数使得调制指数可以控制到固定值而不考虑例如电网电压大小和功率器件两端的电压降等***变量的预期变化。这实现提高的逆变器效率、较低半导体结温度、改进的到AC电网的谐波输出和提高的电力转换器***的可靠性。
图4图示根据本公开的一个示范性实施例的用于控制DC总线电压的方法400的流程图。最初,在410,DC电力从例如PV阵列等DC电源通过转换器提供给DC总线。在420,在DC总线上的DC电力使用逆变器转换为AC电力。在430,DC总线的DC总线电压和逆变器的输出AC电流使用例如包括DC总线电压传感器和输出AC电流传感器的监测***来监测。在440,DC总线电压被控制以大致上等于DC总线电压设置点。在450,该方法400包括至少部分基于逆变器的输出AC电流改变DC总线电压设置点。
图5图示根据本公开的一个示范性实施例的用于改变DC总线电压设置点的方法500的流程图。最初,在502,DC总线电压与DC总线电压设置点比较。在504,有功电流参考命令信号基于DC总线电压和DC总线电压设置点的比较而产生。在506,有功电流参考命令信号与逆变器的输出AC电流比较。在508,有功电压命令信号基于有功电流参考命令信号和逆变器的输出AC电流的比较而产生。在510,有功电压命令信号被规格化以提供有功电压调制命令。
在512,该方法500可选地包括比较逆变器的输出AC电流与无功电流设置点(reactive current setpoint)。在514,无功电压参考命令信号基于逆变器的输出AC电流与无功电流设置点的比较而产生。在516,无功电压参考命令信号被规格化以提供无功电压调制命令。
在518,该方法500包括从有功电压调制命令和无功电压调制命令确定调制指数反馈信号。在520,调制指数反馈信号与调制指数设置点比较。在522,DC总线设置点命令信号基于调制指数反馈信号和调制指数设置点的比较而产生。DC总线设置点至少部分基于该DC总线设置点命令信号而被控制。
尽管本主旨已经关于其的特定示范性实施例和方法详细描述,将意识到本领域内技术人员当获得前述的理解时可容易地得出对这样的实施例的改动、改变和等同物。因此,本公开的范围采用示例方式而不是采用限制方式,并且主题公开不排除如对于本领域内技术人员将是显而易见的包括这样的对本主旨的修改、改变和/或增加。
部件列表
100 | (两级)电力转换器 | 110 | PV阵列 |
115 | PV阵列的DC输出 | 120 | DC转换器 |
125 | DC转换器的DC输出 | 130 | 逆变器 |
135 | 逆变器的AC输出 | 140 | AC电力网 |
150 | 控制*** | 200 | (两级)电力转换器(***) |
210 | PV阵列 | 215 | DC电抗器 |
220 | 升压转换器 | 222 | IGBT转换器电路 |
225 | DC总线 | 226 | 电容器 |
228 | DC总线电压传感器 | 230 | 逆变器 |
232 | IGBT桥接电路 | 238 | 输出AC电流传感器 |
240 | AC电力网 | 300 | 控制*** |
302 | 可变DC总线电压设置点(值) | 304 | DC总线电压误差信号 |
306 | 电压调整器 | 308 | 有功电流参考命令 |
310 | 有功输出AC电流误差信号 | 312 | (有功)电流调整器 |
314 | 有功电压参考命令 | 316 | 无功电流设置点 |
318 | 无功输出AC误差信号 | 320 | 无功电流调整器 |
322 | 无功电压参考命令 | 324 | 调制指数设置点 |
325 | DC总线电压设置点命令 | 326 | 调制指数误差信号 |
328 | DC总线电压设置点调整器 | 340 | 第一调制命令 |
350 | 第二调制命令 | 400 | 方法 |
410 | 流程图框 | 420 | 流程图框 |
430 | 流程图框 | 440 | 流程图框 |
450 | 流程图框 | 500 | 方法 |
502 | 流程图框 | 504 | 流程图框 |
506 | 流程图框 | 508 | 流程图框 |
510 | 流程图框 | 512 | 流程图框 |
514 | 流程图框 | 516 | 流程图框 |
518 | 流程图框 | 520 | 流程图框 |
522 | 流程图框 |
Claims (10)
1.一种用于从DC电源(210)向AC电力网(240)供应AC电力的设备,其包括:
耦合于所述DC电源的转换器(220),所述转换器提供DC电力到DC总线(225);
耦合于所述DC总线(225)的逆变器(230),所述逆变器(230)将所述DC总线(225)的DC电力转换为AC电力;以及
控制***(300),其配置成调整所述DC总线电压为大致上等于可变DC总线电压设置点(302),所述控制***配置成至少部分基于所述逆变器(230)的输出AC电流调节所述可变DC总线电压设置点(302)。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述控制***(300)配置成至少部分基于所述DC总线(225)的DC总线电压和所述逆变器(230)的输出AC电流调节所述可变DC总线电压设置点(302)。
3.如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的设备,其中所述控制***(300)配置成通过控制所述逆变器(230)的输出调整所述DC总线电压以在所述可变DC总线电压设置点(302)运行。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的设备,其中所述逆变器(230)至少部分基于调制指数将所述DC总线(225)的DC电力转换为AC电力,所述控制***包括配置成至少部分基于所述逆变器(230)的调制指数调节所述可变DC总线电压设置点(302)的DC总线电压设置点调整器(328)。
5.如权利要求4所述的设备,其中所述控制***(300)调整所述可变DC总线电压设置点(302)使得所述逆变器(230)的调制指数大致上保持恒定。
6.如权利要求5所述的设备,其中所述控制***(300)进一步包括:
操作耦合于所述逆变器(230)的有功电流调整器(312),所述有功电流调整器(312)提供第一调制命令(340)给所述逆变器(230);以及
操作耦合于所述逆变器(230)的无功电流调整器(320),所述无功电流调整器(320)提供第二调制命令(350)给所述逆变器(230);
其中所述DC总线电压设置点调整器(328)配置成从所述第一调制命令(340)和所述第二调制命令(350)确定所述逆变器的调制指数。
7.如权利要求6所述的设备,其中所述控制***(300)进一步包括可操作地耦合于所述有功电流调整器(312)的电压调整器(306),所述电压调整器(306)配置成至少部分基于所述可变DC总线电压设置点(302)提供有功电流参考信号(308)给所述有功电流调整器(312)。
8.一种使用如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的设备的方法(400),其包括:
向处于DC总线电压的DC总线提供DC电力(410);
用耦合于所述DC总线的逆变器将所述DC总线上的DC电力转换为AC电力,所述逆变器具有输出AC电流(42);
控制所述DC总线电压以大致上等于DC总线电压设置点(440);以及
至少部分基于所述逆变器(450)的输出AC电流改变所述DC总线电压设置点。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述方法包括至少部分基于所述DC总线的DC总线电压和所述逆变器的输出AC电流改变所述DC总线电压设置点。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的方法,其中所述方法包括至少部分基于所述逆变器的调制指数改变所述DC总线电压设置点。
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US20110096579A1 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
US8085564B2 (en) | 2011-12-27 |
US20100133904A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 |
AU2010233034B2 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
US7855906B2 (en) | 2010-12-21 |
EP2315348B1 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
AU2010233034A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
ES2392032T3 (es) | 2012-12-04 |
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