CN102033210A - Air-gap field detecting device of alternating-current generator and application thereof in state monitoring and control method of alternating-current generator - Google Patents
Air-gap field detecting device of alternating-current generator and application thereof in state monitoring and control method of alternating-current generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN102033210A CN102033210A CN2009101797119A CN200910179711A CN102033210A CN 102033210 A CN102033210 A CN 102033210A CN 2009101797119 A CN2009101797119 A CN 2009101797119A CN 200910179711 A CN200910179711 A CN 200910179711A CN 102033210 A CN102033210 A CN 102033210A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an air-gap field detecting device of an alternating-current generator, comprising a detecting coil and a signal detecting and processing circuit, wherein the detecting coil is arranged on a rotor of the alternating-current generator and surrounds one zone on the inner surface of the stator, and the induced voltage of the detection coil is relevant to the strength of an air-gap field in the zone surrounded by the detecting coil, as well as the distribution condition and the changes of the air-gap field; the signal detecting and processing circuit is connected with the detecting coil and used for detecting and processing the induced voltage of the detecting coil; the signal detecting and processing circuit can be used for detecting and processing the fundamental waves or the harmonic waves of the induced voltage of the detecting coil, or detecting and comparing the induced voltages of different detecting coils, and the detection and processing result can be used for the monitoring of the states of the generator, including the faults of stator and rotor windings, the decentraction of a stator and a rotor, axial and opposite shift of the stator and the rotor, magnetism loss, overload, external short circuit and circuit breakage and the like; and the detection and processing result of signals can also be used for the operation control of the generator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to alternator air-gap field pick-up unit and application, relate in particular to the air-gap field of online detection generator and the result that will detect is applied to the control of monitor generator and generator.
Background technology
At present, the status monitoring object of alternator comprises voltage, electric current, frequency, rotating speed, temperature, vibration, shelf depreciation etc., by satisfying the protection of generator and the basic demand of control to the detection of these variablees.But along with the increase of modern generator capacity, the reliability of generator operation is had higher requirement, the protection and the control of generator are also had higher requirement.At present the detection to generator generally speaking is that generator is done as a whole the observation, lacks the monitoring meticulousr to generator inside, all has deficiency aspect the initial failure monitoring of generator and the accurate control.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of power generator air gap detector for magnetic field, can realize monitoring the state of generator, realize the early monitoring of generator failure from generator internal magnetic field aspect; The control system of generator can improve the controlling level to generator according to the detection of air-gap field.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of alternator air-gap field pick-up unit comprises the magnetic test coil on the stator that is installed on alternator, magnetic test coil surrounds a zone of stator inner surface, and the variation of the intensity of the induced voltage of magnetic test coil and the air-gap field of magnetic test coil institute enclosing region, the distribution situation of air-gap field, air-gap field is relevant;
Pick-up unit also comprises the input treatment circuit, and the input treatment circuit is connected with magnetic test coil, and the input treatment circuit can detect and handle the induced voltage of magnetic test coil;
The first-harmonic of the induced voltage of magnetic test coil is handled in input treatment circuit or detection, or the harmonic wave of the induced voltage of magnetic test coil is handled in detection, or detect and the induced voltage that contrasts different magnetic test coils, detect the result who handles and can be used for monitor generator, or be used for the operation control of generator.
Each utmost point that can corresponding generator is organized mutually 1 magnetic test coil respectively is installed; Or the part utmost point of corresponding generator is organized mutually 1 magnetic test coil respectively is installed;
Each utmost point that can corresponding generator is organized mutually 2 magnetic test coils respectively is installed, or the part utmost point of corresponding generator organizes mutually 2 magnetic test coils respectively are installed, and 2 magnetic test coils are arranged symmetrically in the two ends of stator;
The pitch of magnetic test coil can be near the pole span of described alternator, or near half of the pole span of described alternator; Each magnetic test coil equal turn numbers.
The axis of magnetic test coil is overlapped with the axis that the utmost point of stator winding is organized mutually;
Magnetic test coil is evenly distributed on stator circumference;
Magnetic test coil can be installed along the stator slot of generator, the end of stator; Or along stator slot, the installation of stator cooling air channel; Or along stator slot, stator cooling air channel, stator end installation; Magnetic test coil can be fixed in the stator slot, also can be fixed on the notch of stator slot;
A kind of state monitoring apparatus of alternator comprises magnetic test coil and input treatment circuit; the first-harmonic of the induced voltage of magnetic test coil is handled in input treatment circuit or detection; or the harmonic wave of the induced voltage of magnetic test coil is handled in detection; or detect and the induced voltage that contrasts different magnetic test coils; when finding that induced voltage occurs sending alerting signal or guard signal when unusual.
When the generator unit stator winding short circuit occurs, opens circuit, during earth fault; input treatment circuit or detect the variation of induced voltage first-harmonic; or detect the variation of induced voltage harmonic wave, or detect the relative variation of different magnetic test coil induced voltages, send and report to the police or guard signal.
When the generator amature winding short circuit occurs, opens circuit, during earth fault; input treatment circuit or detect the variation of induced voltage first-harmonic; or detect the variation of induced voltage harmonic wave, or detect the relative variation of different magnetic test coil induced voltages, send and report to the police or guard signal.
When changing appears in concentricity between generator unit stator and the rotor; input treatment circuit or detect the variation of induced voltage first-harmonic; or detect the variation of induced voltage harmonic wave, or detect the relative variation of different magnetic test coil induced voltages, send and report to the police or guard signal.
When axial relative displacement occurring between generator unit stator and the rotor, the input treatment circuit detects the relative variation of the magnetic test coil induced voltage that is installed in the stator two ends, sends and reports to the police or guard signal.
When the loss of excitation fault appears in generator, input treatment circuit or detect the variation of induced voltage first-harmonic, or detect the variation of induced voltage harmonic wave, send and report to the police or guard signal.
When overload appears in generator, input treatment circuit or detect the variation of induced voltage first-harmonic, or detect the variation of induced voltage harmonic wave, send and report to the police or guard signal.
When the generator outside is short-circuited or during open circuit fault, input treatment circuit or detect the variation of induced voltage first-harmonic, or detect the variation of induced voltage harmonic wave, or detect the relative variation of each phase induced voltage, send and report to the police or guard signal.
A kind of control device of alternator comprises magnetic test coil and input treatment circuit, and the input treatment circuit can detect the induced voltage of magnetic test coil and handle, and the result who detects and handle can be used for the control of generator.
Control device also comprises the control circuit of alternator, described control circuit can be with the induced voltage of magnetic test coil as input quantity, or be used for the control of the excitation of generator, or be used for the measurement and the control at the merit angle of generator, or be used for the calculating of the electromagnetic power of generator, or be used for the supervision of the running status of generator.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 air-gap field pick-up unit reaches the principle schematic of using aspect the status monitoring of alternator and control,
The principle schematic that Fig. 2 magnetic test coil is installed in generator unit stator groove (moulding winding)
The principle schematic that Fig. 3 magnetic test coil is installed in generator unit stator groove (the embedding winding looses)
The magnetic test coil of Fig. 4 two pole generators is installed principle schematic.
The magnetic test coil of Fig. 5 four-pole generator is installed principle schematic.
The magnetic test coil of Fig. 6 sextupole generator is installed principle schematic.
The magnetic test coil of Fig. 7 ends of the earth generator is installed principle schematic.
The principle schematic that Fig. 8 magnetic test coil is installed along generator unit stator groove, stator end.
The principle schematic that Fig. 9 magnetic test coil is installed along generator unit stator groove, stator ventiduct.
The principle schematic that Figure 10 magnetic test coil is installed along generator unit stator groove, stator ventiduct, stator end.
Figure 11 generator unit stator short circuit in winding, open circuit, the Earth Fault Detection principle schematic.
Figure 12 Generator Rotor Winding Short, open circuit, the Earth Fault Detection principle schematic.
Figure 13 generator stator-rotator decentraction fault detect principle schematic.
The axial relative displacement of Figure 14 generator stator-rotator detects principle schematic.
Figure 15 generator overload, loss of excitation fault detect principle schematic.
Figure 16 generator external short circuit, open circuit fault detect principle schematic.
Figure 17 detector for magnetic field is used for the principle schematic of generator control.
Embodiment of Figure 18 according to generator state monitoring of the present invention and system's control.
In alternating current generator, main field is rotating excitation field, and its magnetic condensation wave distributes by sinusoidal rule along the air gap circumference, and with the synchronous rotational speed rotation, the magnetic flux of this rotating excitation field and full-pitched coil interlinkage is called main flux, and namely air-gap flux represents with Φ m. Establish a magnetic test coil in alternating current generator inside, it is embedded in stator slot, the induced voltage of establishing in the magnetic test coil is Um, Um=4.44fWKw Φ m then, and f is the frequency of generator, and W is the number of turn of magnetic test coil, and Kw is the winding coefficient of magnetic test coil. The size of Um has reflected the power of the rotating excitation field magnetic induction intensity in magnetic test coil zone of living in.
Alternating current generator detector for magnetic field of the present invention utilizes the corresponding relation of the magnetic induction intensity of the induced voltage of magnetic test coil and rotating excitation field just, detect and process by the induced voltage of Check processing circuit to magnetic test coil, stator winding inter-turn short circuit fault appears at generator, stator winding opens circuit, grounding of stator winding, the rotor short circuit in winding, the rotor winding opens circuit, the rotor winding earth, the rotor decentraction, the axial relative displacement of rotor, loss of excitation, overload, external short circuit, when the fault such as is opened circuit in the outside, or detect the variation of magnetic test coil induced voltage first-harmonic, or detect the variation of magnetic test coil induced voltage harmonic wave, or detect the relative variation of magnetic test coil induced voltage, thereby find the fault of generator; The parameters such as the amplitude of magnetic test coil induced voltage, frequency, phase place also can be used for the control of generator.
Fig. 1 is according to air-gap field checkout gear of the present invention and in the principle schematic of using aspect the status monitoring of alternating current generator and the control. In the stator slot of alternating current generator 1, embed magnetic test coil 7, the induced voltage number of the delivering letters Check processing circuit 9 of magnetic test coil 7, utilize the corresponding relation of the air-gap field of the induced voltage of magnetic test coil 7 and generator 1, situation by the air-gap field of 9 pairs of generators 1 of signal detection treatment circuit detects and processes, the result of Check processing send status monitoring circuit 10 to judge, when air-gap field occurs when unusual, status monitoring circuit 10 will send alarm signal or trip signal; The result of Check processing also can send generator control circuit 11, participates in the control of generator as the input variable of generator control.
Fig. 2 is the principle schematic that magnetic test coil is installed in generator unit stator groove (moulding winding), and 2 is stators among the figure, the 3rd, and stator slot, the 4th, stator winding, the 5th, slot wedge, the 6th, insulation spacer, the 7th, magnetic test coil. Magnetic test coil be positioned at slot wedge 5 below.
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic that magnetic test coil is installed in generator unit stator groove (the embedding winding looses), and 2 is stators among the figure, the 3rd, and stator slot, the 4th, stator winding, the 5th, slot wedge, the 7th, magnetic test coil. Magnetic test coil 7 embeds together with the stator winding 4 of generator.
Fig. 4 installs principle schematic according to the magnetic test coil of two pole generators of the present invention. Fig. 4 a is the expanded view of the stator winding A phase of generator, and generator is 2 utmost points, 72 grooves, and coil pitch is 30, every phase two branches, and A and X are the exit of A phase winding, A1 is that A 2 utmost points are mutually organized mutually with A2. Fig. 4 b is the expanded view of magnetic test coil, and the corresponding A phase winding embeds 2 magnetic test coils, and two corresponding 2 utmost points of magnetic test coil a1, a2 are organized A1, A2 mutually, and magnetic test coil is organized coaxial with the corresponding utmost point mutually; Magnetic test coil b1, b2 and c1, c2 respectively corresponding B mutually with the C phase winding; The magnetic test coil pitch is 17, the magnetic test coil equal turn numbers; The three-phase detection coil connects into star, and asterism is o, can obtain the three-phase induction magnitude of voltage from ao, bo, co; Magnetic test coil a1 is connected by the direction that voltage subtracts each other respectively with c2 with b2, c1 with a2, b1, can obtains three induced voltage differences from uo, vo, wo.
Fig. 5 installs principle schematic according to the magnetic test coil of four-pole generator of the present invention. Fig. 5 a is the expanded view of the stator winding A phase of generator, and generator is 4 utmost points, 72 grooves, and coil pitch is 15, every phase four branches, and A and X are the exit of stator winding, A1, A2, A3, A4 are that 4 utmost points of A phase are organized mutually. Fig. 5 b is the expanded view of magnetic test coil, and the corresponding A phase winding embeds 2 magnetic test coils, and two corresponding 2 utmost points of magnetic test coil a1, a2 are organized A1, A3 mutually, and magnetic test coil is organized coaxial with the corresponding utmost point mutually; Magnetic test coil b1, b2 and c1, c2 respectively corresponding B mutually with the C phase winding; The magnetic test coil pitch is 18, the magnetic test coil equal turn numbers; The three-phase detection coil connects into star, and asterism is o, can obtain the three-phase induction magnitude of voltage from ao, bo, co; Magnetic test coil a1 is connected by the direction that voltage subtracts each other respectively with c2 with b2, c1 with a2, b1, can obtains three induced voltage differences from uo, vo, wo.
Fig. 6 installs principle schematic according to the magnetic test coil of sextupole generator of the present invention. Fig. 6 a is the expanded view of the stator winding A phase of generator, and generator is 6 utmost points, 72 grooves, and coil pitch is 11, every phase two branches, and A and X are the exit of stator winding, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 are that 6 utmost points of A phase are organized mutually. Fig. 6 b is the expanded view of magnetic test coil, and the corresponding A phase winding embeds 6 magnetic test coils, and 6 magnetic test coil a1, a2, a3, a4, corresponding 6 utmost points of a5, a6 are organized A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 mutually, and the magnetic test coil group is organized coaxial with the corresponding utmost point mutually; The magnetic test coil pitch is 12, the magnetic test coil equal turn numbers; The three-phase detection coil connects into star, and asterism is o, can obtain A phase magnetic test coil inductive voltage value from ao; Magnetic test coil a1 is connected by the direction that voltage subtracts each other respectively with a6 with a5, a3 with a4, a2, can obtains three A phase induced voltage differences from u1o, u2o, u3o three ends. By identical rule B phase and C magnetic test coil mutually are installed, can be obtained B phase and C induced voltage mutually and the difference of induced voltage.
Fig. 7 installs principle schematic according to the magnetic test coil of the ends of the earth of the present invention generator. Fig. 7 a is the expanded view of the stator winding A phase of generator, and generator is 8 utmost points, 72 grooves, and coil pitch is 8, every phase four branches, and A and X are the exit of stator winding, A1～A8 is that 8 utmost points of A phase are organized mutually. Fig. 7 b is the expanded view of magnetic test coil, and the corresponding A phase winding embeds 8 magnetic test coils, and 8 corresponding 8 utmost points of magnetic test coil a1～a8 are organized A1～A8 mutually, and magnetic test coil is organized coaxial with the corresponding utmost point mutually; The magnetic test coil pitch is 8, the magnetic test coil equal turn numbers; The three-phase detection coil connects into star, and asterism is o, can obtain A phase magnetic test coil inductive voltage value, the a-1～relative o terminal voltage of a-8 terminal voltage same-phase from a-1o～a-8o end; Obtain respectively four groups of induced voltage differences from a-1 and a-5, a-2 and a-6, a-3 and a-7, a-4 and a-8. By identical rule B phase and C magnetic test coil mutually are installed, can be obtained B phase and C induced voltage difference mutually.
Fig. 8 is the principle schematic that magnetic test coil is installed along generator unit stator groove, stator end. Magnetic test coil 7 is installed along stator slot 3 and stator 2 ends, and enclosing region length is stator 2 total lengths, and width is the pitch near generator unit stator winding 4, or near half of generator unit stator winding 4 pitches.
Fig. 9 is the principle schematic that magnetic test coil is installed along generator unit stator groove, stator ventilating duct. Magnetic test coil 7 is installed along stator slot 3 and stator ventilating duct 8, and enclosing region length is the part of stator core 2 length, and width is the pitch near generator unit stator winding 4, or near half of generator unit stator winding 4 pitches.
Figure 10 is the principle schematic that magnetic test coil is installed along generator unit stator groove, stator ventilating duct, stator end. A utmost point of corresponding stator winding 4 is organized mutually the two ends that 7, two magnetic test coils 7 of two magnetic test coils are positioned at stator 2 is installed, and two magnetic test coils 7 are all organized coaxial with 1 utmost point of generator mutually; Magnetic test coil 7 is fixed along stator slot 2, stator ventilating duct 8, stator end, surrounds two symmetrical regions that lay respectively at stator 2 two ends; The width of magnetic test coil is the pitch near generator unit stator winding 4, or near half of generator unit stator winding 4 pitches.
Figure 11 is the generator unit stator short circuit in winding, open circuit, the Earth Fault Detection principle schematic. The generator unit stator short circuit in winding, open circuit, earth fault can change discovery relatively by the variation of magnetic test coil induced voltage first-harmonic, the variation of harmonic wave, different magnetic test coil induced voltage. When the generator unit stator winding short circuit occurs, opens circuit or during earth fault, the air-gap field of problem winding corresponding region changes, by the supervision to the induced voltage amplitude of magnetic test coil, can find stator winding short circuit, open circuit, earth fault; Short circuit by can finding stator winding to the supervision of the relative variation of different magnetic test coil induced voltages, open circuit, earth fault; By with two magnetic test coils of corresponding homophase stator winding by the direction serial connection that voltage subtracts each other, monitor the variation of the difference of two magnetic test coil induced voltages, also can find stator winding inter-turn short circuit fault, open circuit, earth fault; Stator winding inter-turn short circuit fault, open circuit, earth fault has one to produce and the process of development, the process of development is an amphibolia, be accompanied by spark and electric arc, to the real-time tracking analysis of first-harmonic and the harmonic wave of magnetic test coil induced voltage, the short circuit of possible early detection stator winding or open circuit, earth fault.
Figure 12 is Generator Rotor Winding Short, open circuit, the Earth Fault Detection principle schematic. Generator Rotor Winding Short, open circuit, earth fault can change discovery relatively by the variation of magnetic test coil first-harmonic, the variation of harmonic wave, different magnetic test coil induced voltage. The short circuit of rotor winding, open circuit, variation that ground connection can be caused the magnetic test coil induced voltage, rotation along with rotor, the normal part of rotor winding and faulty component can be periodically in the face of each magnetic test coils, cyclically-varying will appear in the magnetic test coil induced voltage, by monitoring this cyclically-varying of magnetic test coil induced voltage amplitude, can find the rotor short circuit in winding, open circuit, earth fault; By the direction serial connection that two magnetic test coils are subtracted each other by voltage, monitor the difference of the induced voltage of two magnetic test coils, also can find the rotor short circuit in winding, open circuit, earth fault; The cyclically-varying of magnetic test coil induced voltage also can be found by the frequency analysis to the magnetic test coil induced voltage; The rotor short circuit in winding, open circuit, earth fault has one to produce and the process of development, the process of development is an amphibolia, be accompanied by spark and electric arc, to the real-time tracking analysis of first-harmonic and the harmonic wave of magnetic test coil induced voltage, the short circuit of possible early detection rotor winding, open circuit, earth fault.
Figure 13 is generator stator-rotator decentraction fault detect principle schematic. Generator stator-rotator decentraction fault can be found by the relative variation of the variation of magnetic test coil first-harmonic, the variation of harmonic wave, different magnetic test coil induced voltages. The rotor decentraction can cause the variation of air-gap field, causes the variation of magnetic test coil induced voltage, by the supervision to the induced voltage amplitude of magnetic test coil, can find rotor decentraction fault; Can find rotor decentraction fault by the supervision to the relative variation of different magnetic test coil induced voltages; By the direction serial connection that two magnetic test coils are subtracted each other by voltage, the variation of the difference of two magnetic test coil induced voltages of supervision also can be found rotor decentraction fault; For moving eccentric, the cyclically-varying of magnetic test coil induced voltage also can be passed through the analysis of the harmonic wave of magnetic test coil induced voltage is found; During the rotor decentraction, because the gas length of air gap circumference can change, the variation of magnetic test coil corresponding region gas length causes slot harmonic to change, and to monitoring of the slot harmonic of magnetic test coil induced voltage, can find the variation of rotor eccentricity degree.
Figure 14 is that the axial relative displacement of generator stator-rotator detects principle schematic. The axial relative displacement of rotor detects and needs with reference to Figure 10. The air-gap flux that the axial relative displacement of rotor will cause being positioned at the zone that the magnetic test coil at stator two ends surrounds takes place relatively to change, detection by to two magnetic test coil induced voltage differences at the two ends that are positioned at stator core can monitor the axial displacement of generator amature.
Figure 15 is generator overload, loss of excitation fault detect principle schematic. Generator overload, loss of excitation will cause air-gap field to change, and the variation of monitoring magnetic test coil induced voltage can be found overload and loss of excitation fault.
Figure 16 is that generator external short circuit, open circuit fault detect principle schematic. External short circuit, open circuit fault appear in generator, will cause the variation of magnetic test coil induced voltage, monitor the variation of magnetic test coil induced voltage, can find generator external short circuit, open circuit fault; The generator external short circuit, when open circuit fault is asymmetric fault, will cause each phase magnetic test coil induced voltage imbalance, monitor the uneven degree of each phase magnetic test coil induced voltage, can find generator external short circuit, open circuit fault.
Figure 17 is the principle schematic that detector for magnetic field is used for generator control. Can be with amplitude, frequency and the phase place of the magnetic test coil induced voltage of corresponding each phase stator winding as input quantity, be used for the control of generator excitation, or be used for measurement and the control at merit angle, or be used for the calculating of electromagnetic power, or be used for the supervision of the running status of generator.
Specific embodiment
Figure 18 is the embodiment according to generator state monitoring of the present invention and system's control.By to the first-harmonic of magnetic test coil induced voltage, analysis of harmonic and comparative analysis to different magnetic test coil induced voltages, failure judgment such as realize that stator winding short circuit, the stator winding of alternator opens circuit, stator winding ground connection, rotor short circuit in winding, rotor winding are opened circuit, rotor winding earth, rotor decentraction, the axial relative displacement of rotor, loss of excitation, overload, external short circuit, outside open circuit; Simultaneously, with the control system of magnetic test coil induced electricity force feed generator, participate in the control of generator.
Utilization is arranged on the variation in the magnetic test coil supervision power generator air gap magnetic field of generator inside, generator is carried out status monitoring, and the control that is used for generator, brought new means and effect for monitor generator and control, can more in depth carry out monitor generator according to generator internal magnetic field intensity, shape, distribution and state, the early detection problem, in time handle, reduce economic loss, improve operational reliability; Aspect the control of generator, also be beneficial to and carry out more refined control, the control generator is in more reasonable, safer, running status more efficiently.
1, detect the air-gap field of generator, be different from the slot field of detecting generator, the signal of magnetic test coil is strong, and the harmonic wave composition is little, and signal stabilization helps status monitoring and the control that is used for generator.
2, utilize stator slot, stator cooling ventilation duct installation and measuring coil, do not influence the structure of generator itself, the performance to generator does not have any impact, do not influence the insulation system of generator, easy for installation, both can be applicable to the new system generator, can be applicable to the generator that has put into operation again.
3, utilize magnetic test coil to detect air-gap field, the pitch of choose reasonable magnetic test coil and the axial length of magnetic test coil can make the induced voltage of magnetic test coil be in OK range, are convenient to the detection and the processing of input treatment circuit.
4, utilize magnetic field symmetry detect the generator unit stator winding short circuit, open circuit, earth fault, highly sensitive, but the early detection fault; For the many generators of number of poles, can organize the installation and measuring coil mutually by corresponding each utmost point, laterally contrast the winding of pinpointing the problems; Split mutually the transverse differential protection method with the stator winding of present employing and compare, highly sensitive, cost is low, and it is clear to locate.
5, utilize air-gap field monitors rotor short circuit in winding, open circuit, earth fault, both can utilize magnetic field symmetry to judge that the harmonic wave that can utilize the distortion of field to bring is judged again, can in the generator operation process, carry out on-line monitoring, highly sensitive, practical.
6, utilize air-gap field monitors rotor fault of eccentricity, both can utilize magnetic field symmetry to judge, can utilize the variation of slot harmonic to judge again, help the safe and stable operation of generator; If establish several groups of magnetic test coils along the axial of generator more, can observe the even situation of air gap of each section, judge the stability of system better.
7, for vertical erecting equipments such as hydrogenerators, can utilize the axial displacement of air-gap field monitors rotor, be beneficial to the discovery and the processing of relevant issues.
8, can utilize air-gap field to carry out the loss of excitation monitoring of generator; Also can utilize air-gap field to carry out the overload monitoring of generator; Also can utilize air-gap field to carry out the external fault monitoring of generator.
9, the air-gap field data are used for the control of generator, the magnetic induction density of generator is controlled at suitable scope, reduce loss, improve operational efficiency; Utilize air-gap field to measure and control merit angle, be beneficial to the safe and stable operation of generator.
The magnetic test coil installation site of alternator air-gap field pick-up unit of the present invention is not limited to stator slot, stator ventiduct, for example can manage to be fixed on the stator core inside surface; Magnetic test coil also is not limited to for example can be installed in the bottom of groove under the slot wedge in stator slot, or is fixed on the notch place; The number of turn of magnetic test coil also is not limited to 1 circle, can determine suitable number of turns according to the size of induced voltage; The arrangement of magnetic test coil be not limited to aforesaid several, can adopt different arrangements, different detection schemes at the generator of different numbers of poles, groove number, structure; The monitoring of air-gap field also is not limited only to utilize magnetic test coil, can utilize other magnetic field detection element or devices; So long as detect the alternator air-gap field, utilize electronic installation that air-gap field is detected and handles, the result who detects and handle is used for the control of monitor generator and generator, all belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. alternator air-gap field pick-up unit is characterized in that:
Described pick-up unit comprises the magnetic test coil (7) on the stator (2) that is installed on alternator (1), magnetic test coil (7) surrounds a zone of stator (2) inside surface, and the variation of the intensity of the induced voltage of magnetic test coil (7) and the air-gap field of magnetic test coil (7) institute enclosing region, the distribution situation of air-gap field, air-gap field is relevant;
Described pick-up unit also comprises input treatment circuit (9), and input treatment circuit (9) is connected with magnetic test coil (7), and input treatment circuit (9) can detect and handle the induced voltage of magnetic test coil (7);
The first-harmonic of the induced voltage of magnetic test coil (7) is handled in input treatment circuit (9) or detection, perhaps detect the harmonic wave of the induced voltage of handling magnetic test coil (7), perhaps detect and the induced voltage that contrasts different magnetic test coils (7), detect the result who handles and can be used for monitor generator, or be used for the operation control of generator.
2. pick-up unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: each utmost point of corresponding generator is organized mutually 1 magnetic test coil respectively is installed; Or the part utmost point of corresponding generator is organized mutually 1 magnetic test coil respectively is installed;
3. pick-up unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: each utmost point of corresponding generator is organized mutually 2 magnetic test coils respectively is installed; Or the part utmost point of corresponding generator is organized mutually 2 magnetic test coils respectively is installed; Described 2 magnetic test coils are arranged symmetrically in the two ends of stator;
4. according to the described pick-up unit of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: the pitch of described magnetic test coil is near the pole span of described alternator, or near half of the pole span of described alternator; Each magnetic test coil equal turn numbers.
5. according to the described pick-up unit of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: the axis of magnetic test coil overlaps with the axis that the utmost point of stator winding is organized mutually;
6. according to the described pick-up unit of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described magnetic test coil evenly distributes on stator circumference;
7. according to the described pick-up unit of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: described magnetic test coil is installed along the stator slot of generator, the end of stator; Or along stator slot, the installation of stator cooling air channel; Or along stator slot, stator cooling air channel, stator end installation; Magnetic test coil can be fixed in the stator slot, also can be fixed on the notch of stator slot;
8. the state monitoring apparatus of an alternator; it is characterized in that: described state monitoring apparatus comprises magnetic test coil (7) and input treatment circuit (9); the first-harmonic of the induced voltage of magnetic test coil (7) is handled in input treatment circuit (9) or detection; perhaps detect the harmonic wave of the induced voltage of handling magnetic test coil (7); perhaps detect and the induced voltage that contrasts different magnetic test coils (7); when finding that induced voltage occurs sending alerting signal or guard signal when unusual.
9. state monitoring apparatus according to claim 8; it is characterized in that: when the generator unit stator winding short circuit occurs, opens circuit, during earth fault; described input treatment circuit or detect the variation of induced voltage first-harmonic; or detect the variation of induced voltage harmonic wave; or detect the relative variation of different magnetic test coil induced voltages, send and report to the police or guard signal.
10. state monitoring apparatus according to claim 8; it is characterized in that: when the generator amature winding short circuit occurs, opens circuit, during earth fault; described input treatment circuit or detect the variation of induced voltage first-harmonic; or detect the variation of induced voltage harmonic wave; or detect the relative variation of different magnetic test coil induced voltages, send and report to the police or guard signal.
11. state monitoring apparatus according to claim 8; it is characterized in that: when changing appears in concentricity between generator unit stator and the rotor; described input treatment circuit or detect the variation of induced voltage first-harmonic; or detect the variation of induced voltage harmonic wave; or detect the relative variation of different magnetic test coil induced voltages, send and report to the police or guard signal.
12. state monitoring apparatus according to claim 8; it is characterized in that: when axial relative displacement occurring between generator unit stator and the rotor; described input treatment circuit detects the relative variation of the magnetic test coil induced voltage that is installed in the stator two ends, sends and reports to the police or guard signal.
13. state monitoring apparatus according to claim 8; it is characterized in that: when the loss of excitation fault appears in generator; described input treatment circuit or detect the variation of induced voltage first-harmonic, or detect the variation of induced voltage harmonic wave, send and report to the police or guard signal.
14. state monitoring apparatus according to claim 8 is characterized in that: when overload appears in generator, described input treatment circuit or detect the variation of induced voltage first-harmonic, or detect the variation of induced voltage harmonic wave, send and report to the police or guard signal.
15. state monitoring apparatus according to claim 8; it is characterized in that: when the generator outside is short-circuited or during open circuit fault; described input treatment circuit or detect the variation of induced voltage first-harmonic; or detect the variation of induced voltage harmonic wave; or detect the relative variation of each phase induced voltage, send and report to the police or guard signal
16. the control device of an alternator, it is characterized in that: described control device comprises magnetic test coil (7) and input treatment circuit (9), input treatment circuit (9) can detect and handle the induced voltage of magnetic test coil (7), and the result who detects and handle can be used for the control of generator.
17. control device according to claim 16, it is characterized in that: described control device also comprises the control circuit of alternator (1), described control circuit can be with the induced voltage of magnetic test coil as input quantity, or be used for the control of the excitation of generator, or be used for the measuring power angle and the control of generator, or be used for the calculating of generator electromagnetic power, or be used for the supervision of the running status of generator.
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