CN101999145B - Sound-absorbing composite structure - Google Patents

Sound-absorbing composite structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101999145B
CN101999145B CN200980112651.7A CN200980112651A CN101999145B CN 101999145 B CN101999145 B CN 101999145B CN 200980112651 A CN200980112651 A CN 200980112651A CN 101999145 B CN101999145 B CN 101999145B
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Prior art keywords
sound
flow
resistance
nonwoven fabrics
nsec
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CN101999145A (en
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饭田一嘉
灵田青滋
和田亮一
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BRIDGESTONE KAMIKI Co Ltd
Bridgestone KBG Co Ltd
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BRIDGESTONE KAMIKI Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/10—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular acoustical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2509/00—Household appliances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

A sound-absorbing composite structure obtained by combining and uniting a skin layer constituted of one layer or two or more superposed layers of a nonwoven fabric comprising a polymeric material, e.g., a polyester, polyethylene, or nylon, and having a diameter of 11-35 [mu]m in terms of equivalent single-fiber diameter (flow resistance, 3.5105 to 7106 Nsec/m4) with a base layer consisting mainly of a porous material constituted of polymer fibers (flow resistance, 0.5104 to 3.5104 Nsec/m4). This composite has a unit-area flow resistance of 1104 to 7104 Nsec/m4.

Description

The composite sound-absorbing structure
Technical field
The present invention relates to use fiber is the novel invention of the sound-absorbing structure body of porosint.
Background technology
Up to now, as acoustical material, proposed various porosints, wherein, the have fiber the most frequently used as mother metal is acoustical material.As fiber is acoustical material, just preferably since ancient times uses glass wool, but recently, from consideration such as environmental problem, recycle, sound absorption qualities, working environment protection, long durability and the use dacron is an acoustical material.In order to adjust hydrophobicity, permanance or acoustical absorbance properties; In most of the cases; This dacron is that acoustical material uses usually as follows: with hot melt material the nonwoven fabrics that is made up of dacron is handled; And with the thermal welding of mother metal layer, the light incident side that the one side of nonwoven fabrics side is configured in sound uses.
The comprehensive unit area resistance to flow (following abbreviate as sometimes " resistance to flow ") of adjustment mother metal layer and epidermal area; Can show acoustical absorbance properties; But present situation is, intensity, permanance, processability etc. practical aspect existing problems, sound absorption qualities does not reach optimization yet; Aspect sound absorption qualities, there is restriction a certain thickness limited the acquisition down the higher sound absorption qualities for wanting.
Generally; The main sound-absorbing mechanism of porosint such as glass wool, dacron performance acoustical absorbance properties is: make from the sound wave of porous material surface incident to be present in the air vibration between the fiber, the three-dimensionally formed multilayer gap; Thereby generation viscous resistance; The acoustic energy of going into to shine is consumed as heat energy, the result, and reflection of the acoustic energy is suppressed.
There are confidential relation in this and resistance to flow, and the proper flow dynamic resistance of how to regulate the higher sound absorption qualities of acquisition becomes the emphasis of exploitation.If resistance to flow is too small, then air flows easily, if resistance to flow is excessive; Then air is difficult to flow, and the conversion efficiency decline by incident acoustic energy thermotropism ability can not obtain high sound absorption qualities; At present, it is optimized still being far from being, and we can say that the possibility of exploitation new construction is more abundant.In addition,, think, form the friction between the fiber, the inside decay of fiber self etc. and also help to heat energy conversion though be not main cause.
In addition, the unit area resistance to flow is that speed and the pressure differential between the material two sides when on the vertical direction of material surface, flowing through certain micro-air stream V defined by following formula.
R＝ΔP/(V·d)
R: unit area resistance to flow [Nsec/m 4]
Δ P: the pressure differential between the material two sides
V: the air mass flow [m of per unit area 3/ (m 2/ sec)]
D: the thickness of sample (m)
The assay method of unit area resistance to flow is, in the metal tubulation of φ 29mm, inserts the acoustical material of φ 30mm, thickness 30mm, and with KATO TECH CO., LTD. makes KES-F8-API porosity testing machine (flow velocity 4 * 10 -2M/sec) measure.
Under the situation of the composite sound-absorbing structure that superficial layer and mother metal layer are composited, the acoustic absorptivity of the resistance to flow of complex decision acoustical material, this resistance to flow can be controlled as follows: a. changes the density as the porosint of mother metal layer; B. change the diameter or the fit rate of the fiber that constitutes porosint; C. change the characteristic of the fiber that constitutes porosint; D. change characteristic, specification of the nonwoven fabrics (for example spun bond nonwoven fabric) of epidermal area etc.But present situation is a prior art to be far from being is optimized.
In the understanding of prior art, for example, in order to improve sound absorption qualities, the single fiber diameter that constitutes the nonwoven fabrics of epidermal area is recommended as below the 10 μ m, is (No. the 3494332nd, japanese) below the 5 μ m as far as possible.Yet, in this case,, say, in intensity, permanance, and the compoundization manufacturing of mother metal layer, the aspect of inconvenience has much (forming fold etc. easily) aspect the processing and be difficult to handle etc. extremely from practicality even obtain sound absorption qualities easily.
In addition; As the method for the sound absorption qualities that improves the macromolecular porosint, the method between superficial layer and mother metal layer, inserting or form membrane structure etc. is arranged, common; Though so obviously improved the sound absorption qualities of medium and low frequency band; But then, the sound absorption qualities of high frequency band reduces, and is inappropriate for improving wide band sound absorption qualities this purpose that low frequency therefrom takes high frequency band to.
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
The present invention is that in view of the above prior art is made; Its objective is with suitable cost the porous sound absorbing material is provided; This porous sound absorbing material uses the nonwoven fabrics with specific single fiber diameter, and epidermal area that will be made up of one or more this nonwoven fabrics and dacron or be that the mother metal layer of main body is composited with the dacron are as sound-absorbing structure body; Need not thicken volume, just can further improve the wide band sound absorption qualities that low frequency therefrom takes high frequency band to.
The scheme that is used to deal with problems
First main idea of the present invention is the composite sound-absorbing structure; It is characterized in that; It will be through being compound integrated the obtaining of mother metal layer that porosint is the main body by the overlapping epidermal area that forms of nonwoven fabrics of macromolecular materials such as the polyester more than one deck, tygon, nylon and with macromolecular fibre, and the unit area resistance to flow of the complex of preferred epidermal area and mother metal layer is 1 * 10 4～7 * 10 4Nsec/m 4
The macromolecular fibre of mother metal layer is that porosint is main body with the dacron, and the orientation of this material can be the arbitrary orientation in machine-direction oriented, horizontal orientation, the irregular orientation.In addition, said macromolecular fibre is that can to enumerate suitable mixed melting point be that 100～200 ℃ and fibre diameter are that the melt fiber (melt fiber) of 2～20 daniers is thermoformed into that one obtains, surface density is 500～2500g/m to porosint 2Porosint, the unit area resistance to flow of mother metal layer is 0.5 * 10 4～3.5 * 10 4Nsec/m 4
The nonwoven fabrics that epidermal area uses is filamentary cross sectional shape as circle or flat, equivalent single fiber diameter is that 11～35 μ m, surface density are 50～130g/m 2, overleaf coating or transfer printing in advance the layer of non-woven fabric of hot melt material of Powdered or spider reticulation (network-like) etc., perhaps that many nonwoven fabrics more than two are overlapping, become layer of non-woven fabric through thermal welding.In addition, the unit area resistance to flow of epidermal area is 3.5 * 10 5～7 * 10 6Nsec/m 4Wherein, nonwoven fabrics can use the nonwoven fabrics of identical type, also can use different types of nonwoven fabrics.
It is 20～120g/m that hot melt material can select order to pay 2Polyester, tygon or nylon.
The second composite sound-absorbing structure of the present invention further has the characteristic of first invention; It is epidermal area that the nonwoven fabrics by macromolecular material is constituted with by macromolecular fibre be the mother metal layer that constitutes of porosint superimposed via hot melt material, through heating and pressurizing, thermal welding and a bluk recombinationization and the epidermal area of nonwoven fabrics is configured in the composite sound-absorbing structure of the light incident side of sound; Wherein, said epidermal area be coated with in advance through the back side at nonwoven fabrics or the transfer printing order to pay be 20～120g/m 2Powdered or spider reticulation (network-like) be selected from that hot melt material in polyester, tygon and the nylon obtains, the unit area resistance to flow is 3.5 * 10 5～7 * 10 6Nsec/m 4Epidermal area, it is that circle or flat, equivalent single fiber diameter are that 11～35 μ m, surface density are 50～130g/m that said nonwoven fabrics is selected from filamentary cross sectional shape 2Polyester, tygon and nylon, said mother metal layer is to be that the macromolecular fibre of main body is a porosint with the dacron, the unit area resistance to flow of this porosint is 0.5 * 10 4～3.5 * 10 4Nsec/m 4, the unit area resistance to flow of the complex of gained is adjusted into 1 * 10 4～7 * 10 4Nsec/m 4Wherein, epidermal area preferably with coating or the transfer printing in advance overleaf more than two nonwoven fabrics of the hot melt material that waits of Powdered or spider reticulation (network-like) overlapping, make it incorporate layer through thermal welding.
The effect of invention
The present invention can provide acoustical absorbance properties excellent acoustical material; It for example constitutes the nonwoven fabrics of epidermal area with the single fiber diameter more than the 11 μ m; Can be that acoustical material is supplied with practicality with dacron demand, that sound absorption qualities is good such as response tolerance practicality, lightweight, narrow spaceization, be to be used to make epidermal area, mother metal layer and the complex structure body resistance to flow separately specific acoustical material for best acoustic(al)absorbent, in application; Can be applicable to construction implement, automobile is master's various fields; In addition, as sound-absorbing structure body, reduced thickness as far as possible.
Description of drawings
Shown in Figure 1 for acoustical material A being installed in the synoptic diagram of the state on the rigidity metope P.
Shown in Figure 2 is the stereographic map of first example of composite sound-absorbing structure of the present invention.
Shown in Figure 3 is the stereographic map of second example of composite sound-absorbing structure of the present invention.(A) being to have the nonwoven fabrics of 3 identical type is overlapping and the composite sound-absorbing structure epidermal area that forms, (B) is to have 2 different types of nonwoven fabrics is overlapping and the composite sound-absorbing structure epidermal area that forms.
Shown in Figure 4 is the figure of the sound absorption qualities of sample A, B.
Shown in Figure 5 is the figure of the sound absorption qualities of sample A, B, C1.
Shown in Figure 6 is the figure of the sound absorption qualities of sample B, BC, BS.
Shown in Figure 7 is the figure of the sound absorption qualities of sample B, C2, D.
Shown in Figure 8 is the figure of the sound absorption qualities of sample B, B25-3.
Shown in Figure 9 is the figure of the sound absorption qualities of sample B25-3, B25-2.
Embodiment
As stated, as this constitutes the acoustical material that forms, No. the 3494332nd, existing Japanese Patent Laid by the nonwoven fabrics of epidermal area and mother metal layer.But it thinks that the single fiber diameter that constitutes epidermal area is better below the 10 μ m, is below the 5 μ m as far as possible.Really; Can think; When fibre diameter was thin, it is big that resistance to flow becomes, so sound absorption qualities becomes better; Yet, its have in the practicality intensity, permanance, and the compoundization manufacturing of mother metal layer, processing aspect (forming fold etc. easily) be difficult to handle, the aspects of a lot of inconvenience such as problem on the cost aspect.In addition, through nonwoven fabrics and the mother metal layer compound tense of thermal welding,, stop up easily because fibre diameter is little with epidermal area.Therefore, be the center with high range, become the direction that acoustic absorptivity reduces easily, there is the easy problem that changes of data to a certain extent.
The objective of the invention is; Provide the very high structure of practicality as acoustical material; Through use the practicality aspect excellent, easily obtain and material that preferred single fiber diameter with low cost is 11～35 μ m as the nonwoven fabrics of epidermal area and superficial layer is being used special method with mother metal layer compound tense; Can significantly improve acoustical absorbance properties, thereby more excellent and cheap composite sound-absorbing structure can be provided.
Promptly; The major part of technology of the present invention is; The method of response the demand is provided; Its through be conceived to working strength, permanance, processability, outward appearance good etc. can tolerate practical with diameter be the nonwoven fabrics that constitutes of the ultimate fibre of 11～35 μ m as epidermal area, be the mother metal composite methods of main body with dacron or with the dacron, low frequency takes the stable acoustical absorbance properties of high frequency band to thereby can obtain therefrom.
To achieve these goals, at first pay close attention to the resistance to flow of epidermal area, recognize, control this resistance to flow and be effectively, the resistance to flow of the complex structure body through making epidermal area and mother metal is preferably 1 * 10 4～7 * 10 4Nsec/m 4, especially in order to draw wide band excellent sound absorption qualities, especially preferably the resistance to flow with complex is adjusted to 2 * 10 4～3.5 * 10 4Nsec/m 4, this is very effective concerning realizing purpose, thereby has accomplished the present invention.As acoustical material, the resistance to flow when processing complex is important, and in this case, the method for the resistance to flow of reconciliation statement cortex also is effective for the raising of sound absorption qualities.
The resistance to flow of complex is less than 1 * 10 4Nsec/m 4Value the time, can keep the sound absorption qualities of high range, but the sound absorption qualities of low range reduces obviously, on the contrary, the resistance to flow of complex is greater than 7 * 10 4Nsec/m 4Value the time, the sound absorption qualities of high range obviously reduces, and shows unbalanced acoustical absorbance properties easily.In addition, preferably be adjusted to 2 * 10 4～3.5 * 10 4Nsec/m 4, the resistance to flow of complex is lower than 2 * 10 4Nsec/m 4The time, there is the slight tendency that reduces of sound absorption qualities of low range, and surpasses 3.5 * 10 4Nsec/m 4The time, the sound absorption qualities of low range improves, but has the tendency of the sound absorption qualities variation of high range.
The method of below having put down in writing main points of the present invention and being used to adjust resistance to flow.
(will put 1)
The constituent material of invention mainly is the material of dacron system; According to viewpoints such as recycle property, environmental protection, security select, novel, can in broadband, bring into play excellent sound absorption qualities, the high constituent materials of practicality such as intensity, permanance, economy.In addition, other macromolecular fibre based material such as tygon, nylon also can obtain same effect.
(will put 2)
The basic comprising of invention is with epidermal area (spun bond nonwoven fabric) and mother metal heating and pressurizing, the compound and sound-absorbing structure body that obtains via hot melt material (Powdered, spider reticulation etc.).
(will put 3)
From practical aspects such as the easy property of surface strength, permanance, processing and manufacturing, aesthetic appearance; The spun bond nonwoven fabric use single fiber diameter or the equivalent single fiber diameter that constitute epidermal area are the material of 11～35 μ m, and are to have extra high practicality about 15 μ m.Fibre diameter is 10 μ m when following, and is thinner, occurs fold etc. easily with mother metal layer compound tense, and the property handled, processability are bad; In addition, when surpassing 35 μ m, produced harsh feeling on the nonwoven fabrics, the rigidity with the mother metal layer after compound improves, the adaptability variation when complying with curved face part etc.
(will put 4)
Find in the present invention; Utilize following two kinds of methods; That is, the resistance to flow of the composite sound-absorbing structure that contains mother metal is handled, adjusted to the epidermal area of the light incident side that is disposed at sound, can solve when using (will put 3) spun bond nonwoven fabric, to be considered to be in the prior art becomes disadvantageous problem on the sound absorption qualities; Confirmed, be preferably 2 * 10 if this resistance to flow is adjusted to 4～3.5 * 10 4Nsec/m 4Degree, then can be provided at the composite sound-absorbing structure that has excellent acoustical absorbance properties in the broadband.
The method of adjustment 1 of resistance to flow
At the back side as a spun bond nonwoven fabric of epidermal area, it is 20～120g/m that coating or transfer printing order are paid (weight of per unit area) 2The macromolecular hot melt material, and be configured on the mother metal layer, heating and pressurizing is adjusted to required value with integrated resistance to flow after compound.
The method of adjustment 2 of resistance to flow
Will be overlapping as many of the spun bond nonwoven fabrics more than two of epidermal area, be configured on the mother metal layer, and heating and pressurizing, integrated compound resistance to flow afterwards is adjusted to required value.
Many spun bond nonwoven fabrics can be the same size materials, also can be the combinations of the material of different size.For example,,, specifically be that the uppermost spun bond nonwoven fabric of epidermal area is that the fibre section is circular nonwoven fabrics (surface density 100g/m with two different spun bond nonwoven fabrics being under two the situation 2, single fiber diameter 15 μ m), the fibre section of the spun bond nonwoven fabric of the second layer is flat (surface density 90g/m 2, equivalent single fiber diameter 14.5 μ m) nonwoven fabrics and mother metal overlapping, and heating and pressurizing carries out compoundly, becoming resistance to flow is 2.7 * 10 4Nsec/m 4The composite sound-absorbing structure, then can obtain the excellent sound absorption qualities of broadband.In addition, when using many nonwoven fabrics,, certainly use the fibre diameter in addition of special provision among the present invention as the nonwoven fabrics beyond the epidermal area as epidermal area.
Shown in Figure 1 is that the acoustical material A that is made up of porosint is installed in the state on the rigidity metope P.1 is epidermal area, and 2 is the mother metal layer, and 3 for being used for the two incorporate hot melt material.Sound wave is during from left side (the epidermal area 1 one sides) incident of Fig. 1, and the speed of air particles is 0 on the rigidity metope, and (c: the airborne velocity of sound (cm/sec), f: position incident sound wave frequency [Hz]) is maximum to leave c/4f left from rigidity metope P.Yet; In the frequency band of the 500～2000Hz that causes practical problems owing to noise; The place of the speed of air particles more than 40mm is maximum, therefore, is that the method for position through epidermal area 1 adjustment resistance to flow of 40mm can be to the conversion efficiency of heat energy from sound reflection through the viscous resistance raising at thickness; Efficient is good, improves sound absorption qualities.
The scheme of the present invention of method of controlling the resistance to flow of this epidermal area 1 is an acoustical material shown in Figure 2; It is combination as follows: in epidermal area 1, use layer of non-woven fabric; That is, filamentary cross sectional shape is that circle or flat, equivalent single fiber diameter are that 11～35 μ m, surface density are 50～130g/m 2, 80～100g/m more preferably 2Nonwoven fabrics, be coated with in advance at its back side or the hot melt material 3 of transfer powder powder or spider reticulation (network-like) etc., make that the resistance to flow of epidermal area is 3.5 * 10 5～7 * 10 6Nsec/m 4
Mother metal layer 2 is to be the nonwoven fabrics of main body with the dacron, and its resistance to flow is 0.5 * 10 4～3.5 * 10 4Nsec/m 4
For example, on the back side of nonwoven fabrics, the hot melt material of coating or transfer powder powder or spider reticulation (network-like) etc. can be that order is paid 20～120g/m through making this coating weight or transfer printing amount in advance 2Adjust resistance to flow.
This embodiment is a sound-absorbing structure body, and it is through hot melt material 3 that epidermal area 1 and mother metal layer 2 is overlapping, and heating and pressurizing, and with the two thermal welding, a bluk recombinationization obtains, and the resistance to flow of complex is 1 * 10 4～7 * 10 4Nsec/m 4In addition, in order to show wide band sound absorption qualities, as long as above-mentioned resistance to flow is adjusted into 2 * 10 4～3.5 * 10 4Nsec/m 4Get final product.
In addition, another scheme of the present invention of the method for the resistance to flow of control table cortex is as shown in Figure 3, and be the sound-absorbing structure body that the following acoustic absorptivity that obtains has improved: with resistance to flow is 0.5 * 10 4～3.5 * 10 4Nsec/m 4Be the mother metal layer that constitutes of porosint 2 and following nonwoven fabrics by macromolecular fibre, that is, be that circle or flat, equivalent single fiber diameter are that 11～35 μ m, surface density are 50～130g/m at filamentary cross sectional shape 2The back side of nonwoven fabrics 1 on coating in advance or transfer powder powder or spider reticulation (network-like) etc. hot melt material and also be adjusted to 3.5 * 10 by many more than two (in the example shown in Fig. 3 (A), being three nonwoven fabrics that (1a, 1b, 1c) is identical with nonwoven fabrics illustrated in fig. 2) resistance to flows overlapping, the epidermal area when multilayer is integrated through thermal welding 1 5～7 * 10 6Nsec/m 4Nonwoven fabrics the two is overlapping, and heating and pressurizing, thermal welding and the compound one that turns to makes that the resistance to flow of complex is 1 * 10 4～7 * 10 4Nsec/m 4Certainly, this embodiment also is to use with the mode that superficial layer 1 is configured in the light incident side of sound.
Wherein, Epidermal area 1 can use different types of nonwoven fabrics; In the example of the complex shown in Fig. 3 (B), face side is used and the said identical nonwoven fabrics 1a of Fig. 2, and using the cross section is that 11～35 μ m, surface density are 50～130g/m as flat pattern, its equivalent single fiber diameter 2Nonwoven fabrics as second nonwoven fabrics 1d, the back side has been implemented identical hot melt and has been handled.
In addition, in arbitrary method, in mother metal, exist under the situation of density gradient, on the high face of density the application table cortex can obtain higher sound absorption qualities, this also is a new discovery.In addition, when reality is used,, much less, can surround peripheral side with nonwoven fabrics in order to prevent the immersion of rainwater etc.In this case, also can carry out heating and pressurizing, be processed into the picture frame that kind, perhaps can use double-sided adhesive sheet to replace hot melt film by hot melt material etc.
Embodiment
(sound absorption test 1)
The sound absorption qualities of main proof composite sound-absorbing structure of the present invention is effective.
Relatively illustrate sound-absorbing structure body A with as the composite sound-absorbing structure B of product of the present invention, wherein, mother metal layer 2 (the bulk density 44kg/m that sound-absorbing structure body A is only formed by dacron 3, thickness 35mm, resistance to flow 1 * 10 4Nsec/m 4) constitute, the composite sound-absorbing structure B is: spun bond nonwoven fabric 1 (the surface density 100g/m that uses the dacron system formation of the about 15 μ m of single fiber diameter 2), (order is paid 20g/m at its back side coated powder shape hot melt material 2), overlapping with aforesaid mother metal layer 2, and heating and pressurizing, make it integrated and composite sound-absorbing structure B (resistance to flow 1.5 * 10 that obtain 4Nsec/m 4).
Shown in Figure 4 is the figure of the sound absorption qualities of above-mentioned two sample A, B.
It has proved: in the product B of the present invention, be nonwoven fabrics even use this practical dacron of sufficient fibre coarseness of single fiber diameter 15 μ m, if with its suitable processing, and with suitable mother metal layer 2 compoundization, also can produce high sound absorption qualities.
Glass wool (the bulk density 32kg/m that this sound absorption qualities for example can be used with the acoustical material as standard 3, thickness 40～50mm) is equal to.Wherein, sound absorption qualities is measured with vertical incidence method (ISO 105432).
In Fig. 5, show comparatively that times (order is paid 40g/m with the Powdered hot melt material increment to 2 of the sample B of Fig. 4 2) nonwoven fabrics and the mother metal resistance to flow compound, this complex of sample A be 3.2 * 10 4Nsec/m 4The sound absorption qualities of composite sound-absorbing structure C1, can find out that A compares with sample, the sound absorption qualities of medium and low frequency band further significantly improves.
Like this, be spun bond nonwoven fabric 1 even use the dacron of single fiber diameter 15 μ m, if the coating weight of the hot melt material through its back side is adjusted to 3 * 10 with the resistance to flow of composite sound-absorbing structure 4Nsec/m 4About, also can in broad frequency range, obtain excellent acoustical absorbance properties.Certainly, if further improve resistance to flow, acoustical absorbance properties is shifted to lower frequency side.Like this, the present invention has very high practicality, and has confirmed to obtain superiority of the present invention, especially freedom and the applicability of excellent sound absorption qualities.
(sound absorption test 2)
Mainly be proof with the epidermal area more than two 1 in that overlapping and heating and pressurizing makes it integrated and the sound absorption qualities of the composite sound-absorbing structure that obtains is effective near many of the light incident sides of sound.
Compare with the sample B of Fig. 4; In order when keeping the sound absorption qualities of high frequency band, further to improve the sound absorption qualities of medium and low frequency band, can adjust the resistance to flow of composite sound-absorbing structure, Fig. 6 shows; Under essentially identical resistance to flow; Compare with in the middle of mother metal layer 2, inserting spun bond nonwoven fabric 1 (identical with the epidermal area 1 of sample B, hot melt is handled also identical), it is more effective between epidermal area 1 and mother metal layer 2, inserting spun bond nonwoven fabric, making the scheme of the resistance to flow increase of epidermal area 1.
Among Fig. 6, sample BC is the composite sound-absorbing structure that inserts the spun bond nonwoven fabric identical with epidermal area at the mother metal central portion of sample B, and the resistance to flow of complex is 2.0 * 10 4Nsec/m 4In addition, sample BS inserts the spun bond nonwoven fabric identical with epidermal area, and the composite sound-absorbing structure of acquisition overlapping with two between the superficial layer of sample B and mother metal, and the resistance to flow of this complex is 2.2 * 10 4Nsec/m 4
(sound absorption test 3)
In addition, validity of the present invention has been shown among Fig. 7.In order to improve the wide band acoustical absorbance properties of the sample B shown in Fig. 4; Between the spun bond nonwoven fabric and mother metal layer 2 of the epidermal area 1 of sample B; Insert two identical spun bond nonwoven fabrics (hot melt at the back side is handled also identical), overlapping, and heating and pressurizing; As composite sound-absorbing structure C2, its resistance to flow is 2.9 * 10 4Nsec/m 4Can find out that B compares with sample, it has confirmed the validity of method of the present invention in the further tremendous raising of wide band sound absorption qualities.
In addition, composite sound-absorbing structure D is that to have inserted resistance to flow four identical spun bond nonwoven fabrics, the composite sound-absorbing body be 3.9 * 10 4Nsec/m 4The composite sound-absorbing structure, find that the sound absorption qualities of its frequency band about 400Hz is improved, but the acoustic absorptivity of the frequency band more than 630Hz reduces.
Therefore, the setting range as the resistance to flow of the composite sound-absorbing structure of practicality is 1 * 10 4～7 * 10 4Nsec/m 4,, it is desirable to 2 * 10 in order to improve wide band sound absorption qualities 4～3.5 * 10 4Nsec/m 4Wherein, for improve CF for example below the 400Hz or 2kHz with first-class sound absorption qualities, 1 * 10 4～7 * 10 4Nsec/m 4The adjustment resistance to flow gets final product in the scope.That is,, just increase resistance to flow,, then reduce resistance to flow if will improve the sound absorption qualities of high frequency if will improve the sound absorption qualities of low frequency.This also is identical in aforesaid another method.Two kinds of methods of the present invention all are through selecting suitable mother metal, then, adjust the resistance to flow of composite sound-absorbing structure through the adjustment form cortex, thereby the acoustical material with suitable sound absorption qualities is provided.
(sound absorption test 4)
In the sound absorption test 1 be a spun bond nonwoven fabric through being adjusted in formation epidermal area of the present invention back side coating be used for adjust the composite sound-absorbing structure that resistance to flow forms with the coating weight of the compound hot melt material of mother metal; In the sound absorption test 2 and 3 spun bond nonwoven fabric (back side coated heat melt material) with the formation epidermal area more than two many overlapping, adjustment resistance to flows and the composite sound-absorbing structure that forms on mother metal; It shows, as long as the resistance to flow of composite sound-absorbing structure is adjusted to especially 2 * 10 4～3.5 * 10 4Nsec/m 4, just can in the broad frequency range that takes high frequency band from low frequency to, obtain excellent sound absorption qualities.Glass wool (bulk density 32kg/m as shown in Figure 8, as can to use with standard 3, thickness is 40～50mm) that be equal to, also can show (the resistance to flow 2.6 * 10 with composite sound-absorbing structure sample B25-3 as the sample B of an example of the present invention 4Nsec/m 4) identical or higher sound absorption qualities; Wherein, Composite sound-absorbing structure sample B25-3 uses one of method that proposes among the present invention; Obtaining, we can say that this has embodied very big advantage of the present invention with overlapping three spun bond nonwoven fabrics identical on the identical mother metal of sample B (thickness 25mm) with epidermal area.This can provide space factor (space factor) good acoustical material, also should right social demand.
(sound absorption test 5)
As the spun bond nonwoven fabric of epidermal area, nonwoven fabrics (surface density: 100g/m that will be identical with the sample B25-3 of Fig. 8 2, single fiber diameter: circular 15 μ m) as first epidermis, with the spun bond nonwoven fabric (surface density: 90g/m of different size 2, equivalent single fiber diameter: flat pattern 14.5 μ m), make it overlapping, these two spun bond nonwoven fabrics are formed composite sound-absorbing structure B 25-2 with the mother metal identical with sample B25-3 as second epidermis.As shown in Figure 9, the resistance to flow of the composite sound-absorbing structure of sample B25-3 is adjusted to 2.6 * 10 4Nsec/m 4, relative with it, with the resistance to flow of the composite sound-absorbing structure of sample B25-2 be adjusted to much at one 2.7 * 10 4Nsec/m 4, the two has obtained substantially the same sound absorption qualities (sample B25-2 is good slightly), through with different types of spun bond nonwoven fabric combination as epidermal area, the acoustical material that further surpasses sample B25-3 can be provided also with two spun bond nonwoven fabrics.It is the intensity aspect practical, the excellence of the sound absorption qualities in the broadband not only, and contribution is also arranged economically.
In the material used in the present invention, the equal study plot of epidermal area, mother metal uses dacron system, so recycle property, environment property are also excellent.
Utilizability on the industry
The present invention can provide, and compares the high acoustical material of practicality that thickness is thinner, in broadband, have high sound absorption qualities with existing porous sound absorbing material.In addition; Composite sound-absorbing structure of the present invention is also excellent at aspects such as lightweight, recycle property, economy, environmental protection property, versatility is also high; Therefore, can in wide spectrums such as building field, building field, field of household appliances such as industrial fields such as building machinery, agricultural machinery, airbrasive, railway, road, various engineerings, use.

Claims (2)

1. composite sound-absorbing structure; It is characterized in that; It is epidermal area that the nonwoven fabrics by macromolecular material is constituted with by macromolecular fibre be the mother metal layer that constitutes of porosint superimposed via hot melt material, through heating and pressurizing, thermal welding and a bluk recombinationization and the epidermal area of nonwoven fabrics is configured in the composite sound-absorbing structure of the light incident side of sound
Said epidermal area be through the back side at nonwoven fabrics be coated with in advance or the transfer printing order to pay be 20～120g/m 2Powdered, spider reticulation or the network-like hot melt material that is selected from polyester, tygon and nylon obtains, the unit area resistance to flow is 3.5 * 10 5～7 * 10 6Nsec/m 4Epidermal area, it is that circle or flat, equivalent single fiber diameter are that 11～35 μ m, surface density are 50～130g/m that said nonwoven fabrics is selected from filamentary cross sectional shape 2Polyester, tygon and nylon,
Said mother metal layer is to be that the macromolecular fibre of main body is a porosint with the dacron, and the unit area resistance to flow of this porosint is 0.5 * 10 4～3.5 * 10 4Nsec/m 4,
The unit area resistance to flow of the complex of gained is adjusted to 1 * 10 4～7 * 10 4Nsec/m 4
2. composite sound-absorbing structure according to claim 1; Wherein, epidermal area be with coating or the transfer printing in advance overleaf more than two nonwoven fabrics of Powdered, spider reticulation or network-like hot melt material overlapping, make it incorporate epidermal area through thermal welding.
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