CN101949147A - Desert soil moisture conservation method and application - Google Patents
Desert soil moisture conservation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN101949147A CN101949147A CN201010241503XA CN201010241503A CN101949147A CN 101949147 A CN101949147 A CN 101949147A CN 201010241503X A CN201010241503X A CN 201010241503XA CN 201010241503 A CN201010241503 A CN 201010241503A CN 101949147 A CN101949147 A CN 101949147A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention provides a desert soil moisture conservation method and an application, belonging to the technical field of desert transform. Original resources are used for transforming the desert, a soil layer is reconfigured to build soil moisture conservation ridges, fine earth, sandy soil and gravel fill back from the bottom up, and the gravels are stacked at one wind block side of the ridge. The invention utilizes the original resources to apply the no-irrigation conservation of desert by adjusting measures to local conditions. The application are as follows: the conservation ridges are used to plant cash crops, and a large area of wild flowers and wild grasses are planted to realize desert oasis, thus not only improving the soil texture of desert areas and the growing environment of cash crops, and but also alleviating lack in the water source because rainfall is rare and ground water is difficult to use and the like. In addition, the invention can solve the problems of strong wind power, difficult growth for plants and the like in gobi desert areas; while the desert transform is applied to obtain good social effect, the invention can plant the cash crops to obtain preferable economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to desert renovation technique field, be specifically related to a kind ofly, and transform the novel alley that is suitable for plant growing that the back forms based on the desert method for preserving soil moisture that reconfiguring of soil layer implemented (be not by irrigate soil moisture conservation).
Background technology
Along with the deterioration of terrestrial climate environment, desertification of land is on the rise, and causes cultivable land resources fewer and feweri, and how modifying desert is a global difficult problem.Planting trees and grass is the outlet that desert is transformed in desert, yet large-area desert soil (as Chinese Hami Prefecture) be the rainfall rareness all the year round, and wind-sand activity is frequent, only growth has sparse wild plant (as wild sacsaoul), and the physical geographic environment condition is not suitable for the establishing in large scale of vegetation.
CN1669369 (200510070972.9) discloses a kind of method of interplanting natural plants in desertification sandy soil ground, its step is as follows: in the zone of needs plantation plant, be banded or latticed planting with artificial plant, in the artificial plant of planting, agricultural hydroscopic high-molecular resin is imbedded in the soil at artificial plant root place; Area, space with natural plants is implanted banded or latticed artificial plant forms artificial plant and natural plants mixing forest land or meadow; After the natural plants survival to be planted, artificial plant is pulled out, and shifted out area, the space after-culture natural plants that the back forms at artificial plant.The present invention has following advantage and good effect: can the mechanization large tracts of land form the artificial plant woods fast, block the big dust storm of desertificated area, reduce water evaporates and soil erosion: plant economic class crop in the area, space of artificial plant woods, can improve the survival rate of plantation effectively.
CN101560759 (200910015576.4) discloses a kind of desert treatment technology, be characterized at first the sandstone on the desert being piled into the sand-protecting barrier and the compacting of criss-cross, bar shaped or crisscross formula, spray with cement paste or lime mortar then or spread upon on the sand-protecting barrier surface, make it form hard concrete epidermal area, the more drought-enduring vegetation of plantation between sand-protecting barrier and sand-protecting barrier; It is the natural resources sandstone that utilize desert, in conjunction with constructional materialss such as cement, lime, on desert, erect sand-protecting barrier, play fix the sand, water conservation, windproof, the effect that prevents erosion, be easy to vegetation growth, reach low-cost, administer the effect of desert for a long time, be a kind of easy, easy row, both can manual work, the technology of improvement desert that also can mechanized construction.
These methods can reach the effect of administering desert to a certain extent, yet prevention effect is one-side, can not prevent effectively that moisture content runs off from sandstone, and cost is higher, thereby is difficult to carry out in Desert Area.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to the desert physical geographic environment is transformed, a kind of desert method for preserving soil moisture that utilizes original resource to suit measures to local conditions is provided.
Adopt above design, the enforcement desert that the present invention utilizes original resource to suit measures to local conditions does not have the soil moisture conservation of irrigation, by soil layer is reconfigured, former soil property has been divided into gravel, sandy soil and fine earth three classes, utilize the soil property of classifying to reconstruct the novel soil moisture conservation alley of the suitable length and the degree of depth then, on novel alley, plant economic crops again as sacsaoul and saline cistanche, build up the soil property that to improve desert (as the Hami Prefecture) and the novel soil moisture conservation alley of sacsaoul and saline cistanche growing environment, not only alleviated the relatively water resources shortage that causes of reason such as difficulty of owing to precipitation rare and groundwater use, it is stronger to solve the regional wind-force in Gobi desert, desert, plant growing is problem such as difficulty relatively.
Description of drawings
The novel soil moisture conservation alley structure vertical view that Fig. 1 forms for desert method for preserving soil moisture of the present invention;
The novel soil moisture conservation alley section of structure that Fig. 2 forms for desert method for preserving soil moisture of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of desert soil moisture conservation technology, does not rely on simple irrigation technique (do not have and irrigate), when the transformation of enforcement desert obtains the good society effect, can also plant economic crops and obtain the better economic income.Below with the example that is embodied as in Chinese Hami Prefecture, the concrete enforcement of content of the present invention is described in detail in detail.
By to the studying in great detail of the situations such as hydrogeological vegetation of Hami Prefecture, find Hami Prefecture's dry weather, illumination is abundant, annual sunshine duration 3170～3380 hours is one of abundant area of national sunshine duration, annual total solar radiation amount can reach 6397.35 megajoules/square metre; Wind energy resources is abundanter, urban district, Hami on the south the Tianshan Mountains and near wind-force are less than normal, annual mean wind speed only is 2.3 meter per seconds, Gobi desert east wind in vogue to the east of the urban district, Hami, annual mean wind speed 2.3～4.9 meter per seconds, area north wind in vogue and northwester to the west of the urban district, Hami, annual mean wind speed 4.8～8.7 meter per seconds; The available water resources quantity in Hami Prefecture is very poor, amount of precipitation rareness and evaporation capacity is big, water resource is based on snow melt of glacier, Tianshan Mountains and underground water, the river pilosity comes from the mountain area, in Tianshan Mountains and the slope, north and south of offshoot, is pectination and arranges, seasonality is very strong, main by glacier melt water and Atmospheric precipitation supply, generally, account for more than 70% of total flow in flow maximum in 5～August; The biological characteristics of area vegetation presents xerophytic characteristics generally, can only the wild sacsaoul of sparse growth etc. strong xerophyte.
According to above natural conditions, the present invention specifically is that the enforcement desert of utilizing original resource to suit measures to local conditions does not have the soil moisture conservation of irrigation.The present invention reconfigures the soil layer of transforming the zone: the gravel in the former soil property can produce certain influence to the growth of sacsaoul root system and saline cistanche, fine earth also may cause hardening of soil, therefore, the present invention passes through artificial screening, soil layer has been divided into gravel, sandy soil and fine earth three classes, reconstruct the novel soil moisture conservation alley of the suitable length and the degree of depth then, on novel alley, plant economic crops again as the saline cistanche of sacsaoul and its root parasitism, build up the soil property that to improve the Hami Prefecture and the novel soil moisture conservation alley of sacsaoul and saline cistanche growing environment, not only alleviated the relatively water resources shortage that causes of reason such as difficulty of owing to precipitation rare and groundwater use, it is stronger to solve the regional wind-force in Gobi desert, desert, plant growing is problem such as difficulty relatively.
Be specifically described again below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
The present invention has been divided into gravel, sandy soil and fine earth three classes by artificial screening with soil layer, reconfigures then to form a kind of novel soil moisture conservation alley, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, this alley integral body is strip, has the ridge back of the body 1 and the lower ridge face 2 increased, and face 2 bottoms in ridge are ridge base 3.Alley has suitable length L, as 10～50 meters long, its objective is in order to help flood discharge and to collect sleet water.When flood occurring, the strip alley can be drained flood smoothly, but length had better not surpass 50 meters, to avoid because of longly producing the flood discharge obstruction, causing damage; Suitable length also helps effectively collecting sleet, and water resource is fully used.
The ridge back of the body 1 is to be built by ruckle to form, be triangular pyramidal, be positioned at the relative side that alley be the wind comes from according to wind direction, this example is located at the alley southern side, carry on the back on the ridge that piles 1 meter high with gravel, the long limit of triangle forms gentle slope 12 and the direction of the wind comes from dorsad, and the triangle minor face forms upright slope 11, and upright sloping 11 bottoms are by the ground ridge face 2 of ining succession; It is to reduce wind-force that the ridge carries on the back 1 one, reduces the injury that strong wind causes plant, the 2nd, can when precipitation, more effectively take in sleet in the alley, the 3rd, can keep the sun off, can reduce evaporation capacity of moisture content in the alley, can slow down the thawing of snow again, more help the growth of saline cistanche and sacsaoul.
Ridge face 2 is lower than ground, and it is the ridge base 3 of part for deep-cutting vertically downward, distribute from bottom to top in the ridge base 3 fine earth layer 31 and sandy soil layer 32, wherein:
Fine earth layer 31: the fine earth layer is the bottom of alley, and thickness is 0.3 meter, can produce behind the chance water and harden, and can effectively prevent the seepage of moisture, plays the effect of water conservation.
Sandy soil layer 32: the sandy soil layer is on the fine earth layer, thick is 1.5 meters, the top of sandy soil layer 32 is ridge face 2, saline cistanche promptly directly is planted in this sandy soil layer 32, and long-term irrigation can not hardened, and good air permeability, help the growth of sacsaoul, also can not cause obstruction, can also provide superior growing environment, be convenient to the carrying out of saline cistanche grafting and collecting work to saline cistanche to the growth of its root system.
Under the situation about needing, can also in sandy soil layer 32, add nutritional agents that is used to improve the soil and the water-loss reducer (functional high molecule material that water absorbing capacity is strong especially) sold on the market, this water-loss reducer can not pollute plant, soil and underground water, can release water, suction repeatedly, effectively suppress water evaporates, prevent erosion, can the suck-back plant moisture when arid yet, can play the effect of good soil moisture conservation water-saving.
Ridge face 2: be lower than 0.2 meter on the face of land, promptly sandy soil layer 32 upper surface form groove to leaving 0.2 meter space between the face of land, are used for anti-water and soil loss and accumulate sleet.When raining, rainwater flows into and can play the effect of collecting rainwater here, when snowing, snow can here accumulate to get off, and slowly thawing is penetrated in the sandy soil, plays the effect of soil moisture conservation, thereby improved the utilization rate of surface water, in addition, can also prevent the loss of sandy soil.
More than several parts formed the novel soil moisture conservation alley of basic comprising of the present invention.Following process is adopted in construction:
1) selection area digs out a long ditch in desert, and long 10～50 meters, wide 0.5～1.0 meter, dark 2 meters;
2) original soil that digs out is sieved, 5000 orders are following be fine earth, and more than 8 orders is gravel, intermediate sizes be sandy soil;
3) fine earth is inserted bottom of trench, thickness is about 0.3 meter, inserts sandy soil again after smooth, and sandy soil are inserted thickness and are about 1.5 meters, finishes the construction of ridge base after smooth;
4),, build the taper ridge back of the body with ruckle along the side directions of ditch in a ridge face side in the south.
Formed the novel soil moisture conservation alley of basic comprising of the present invention thus.On the face of alley ridge, can plant required industrial crops.
Further, the present invention can increase the drip irrigation facility, to adapt to the needs that plant economic crops on the face of alley ridge on the basis that above-mentioned basic soil moisture conservation alley constitutes.Carry on the back between 1 north side and the alley ridge face 2 on the ridge and to be provided with drip irrigation district 4, wherein bury the drip irrigation facility that is communicated with external water source underground, the drip irrigation facility can be irrigated with the water of storing when arid at any time, and in area, Gobi desert, desert, drip irrigation is economized on water more with respect to other irrigation methods such as sprinkling irrigation, canal irrigations.
More than introduced the formation of a soil moisture conservation alley.In fact, the present invention can be arranged in parallel many above-mentioned soil moisture conservation alleys and obtain the sheet soil moisture conservation alley in bigger zone, and distance between the ridges W can be made as 4～12 meters.
Further, the present invention can also increase wild flower grass planting district 5 on the basis that above-mentioned basic soil moisture conservation alley constitutes.This wild flower grass planting district 5 is located at the alley north side, is intended to simulate natural ecological environment, creates the artificial climate district.The width in wild flower grass planting district 5 can be adjusted according to distance between the ridges, and growing area is that the gradient of V font can be adjusted into 5 °～15 °.This regional soil layer also needs screening again and distributes, bottom is a fine earth, is the composite soil of sandy soil and fine earth it on, has both solved the problem that hardens of fine earth, has improved the situation that sandy soil are difficult to water conservation again, is gravel on the composite soil, can prevent native loss; The seed that broadcasts sowing some wild flower grass in the zone is by its self-sow, after a period of time, can create a kind of ecologic niche with the sacsaoul woods planted in the alley is common, forms unique microclimate, the effect that can play the afforestation desert Gobi desert of a specified duration.Wild flower grass planting district 5 can be provided with between many soil moisture conservation alleys.
The present invention illustrates desert soil moisture conservation The Application of Technology effect of the present invention with the virtual condition Hami Prefecture's plantation sacsaoul and saline cistanche.
Soil moisture conservation alley: long 30 meters of ridge; The ridge is carried on the back high 0.4～1.0 meter, and is wide 1.0～2.5 meters; Dark 2 meters of ridge base, wherein the fine earth layer is 0.3 meter, 1.5 meters on sandy soil layer; 0.5～1.0 meter of ridge face width is lower than 0.2 meter on the face of land; Be provided with the drip irrigation facility, a weeper is established for 0.3 meter in long every interval along the ridge; 5 °～15 ° variations, width is 4～10 meters variations according to the physical relief gradient in wild flower grass planting district; Establishing 120 soil moisture conservation alleys altogether is the Experimental Area.
Plantation: at first the sacsaoul of robust growth is transplanted in the sandy soil layer in alley, in sacsaoul root growth the most vigorous April and September, use the seed test paper method, the seed of saline cistanche is inoculated in sacsaoul root in the sandy soil layer, during precipitation, moisture slowly infiltrates in the sandy soil, stored by the water-loss reducer in the sand, cistanche deserticola seed is sprouted after touching moisture, and is parasitic to the root of sacsaoul, provide moisture by water-loss reducer in the growth, can be replenished by the drip irrigation facility during water deficient, saline cistanche grows in the sandy soil of good air permeability always, just grows ground when blooming, collecting work generally carries out before the florescence, will keep the base portion of saline cistanche during collection.
Soil moisture conservation effect data: respectively at 1,4, July, measure in the alley and the soil outside the trial zone, respectively choose the water content that 10 observation points are measured 1.5 meters dark soil, its water content has very big difference, water content outside the trial zone only is 1%～8%, and alley Nei Keda 10%～19%.
The plant growing data: plant experimentally 500 mu, saline cistanche reaches more than 80% in sacsaoul root inoculation survival rate, and next year per mu yield saline cistanche reaches more than 100 kilograms, just every mu of over thousands of approximately unit of saline cistanche income.500 mu of pilot region Nei Suosuolin riotous growth, the wild flower grass is dense summer between the sacsaoul woods, and ecological environment is good, and the temperature in the summer growing area is than extraneous average falling about 4 ℃, and humidity can improve 0.5%～4%.
Summary: the water resource utilized of Hami Prefecture is very deficient, and by above data as can be seen, soil moisture conservation effect of the present invention is fine, can effectively alleviate the Hami Prefecture, the rare and groundwater use water resources problems that causes of reason such as difficulty relatively owing to precipitation; In addition, the upgrowth situation of sacsaoul under natural environment is not good, the parasitic rate of saline cistanche is very low, therefore, saline cistanche rate of vaccination under field conditions (factors) is very low, uses the present invention and can improve the growing environment of sacsaoul and saline cistanche, makes inoculation survival rate can reach more than 80%, can obtain the income of highly significant, and the present invention can also obtain good ecological benefits by plantation sacsaoul, saline cistanche and wild flower grass.
Claims (10)
1. a desert method for preserving soil moisture is characterized in that, utilizes original resource to carry out the desert transformation, soil layer is reconfigured build the soil moisture conservation alley, with fine earth in the soil layer and sandy soil backfill from bottom to top, and ruckle is built in the alley side of keeping out the wind.
2. according to the described desert method for preserving soil moisture of claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise that following work progress builds the soil moisture conservation alley:
1) selection area digs out a long ditch that suitable length, width and the degree of depth are arranged in desert;
2) original soil that digs out is sieved, by granularity by little to being divided into fine earth, sandy soil and gravel greatly;
3) fine earth is inserted bottom of trench, insert sandy soil again, and the identity distance face of land, ridge that the sandy soil surface layer forms there is a distance;
4), build the taper ridge back of the body with ruckle on a side face of land of ditch.
3. according to the described desert method for preserving soil moisture of claim 2, it is characterized in that many alley broad ways that preserve soil moisture are linked in sequence to be formed large stretch of soil moisture conservation alley and realize the desert soil moisture conservation.
4. the application of the arbitrary described desert method for preserving soil moisture of claim 1 to 3 is characterized in that, plants plant on the ridge face of soil moisture conservation alley.
5. according to the described application of claim 4, it is characterized in that, also in the sandy soil layer, add water-loss reducer and nutritional agents.
6. according to claim 4 or 5 described application, it is characterized in that the drip irrigation facility is set up on the face of land between the ridge back of the body and ridge face.
7. according to the arbitrary described application of claim 4 to 6, be the Desert Oasis method, it is characterized in that, at soil moisture conservation alley opposite side, set up large stretch of wild flower grass planting district, this zone is the V font, bottom is a fine earth, being the composite soil of sandy soil and fine earth on it, is little gravel on the composite soil, plantation wild flower grass in the zone.
8. desert soil moisture conservation alley obtains or embodies in the arbitrary described application of claim 4 to 7 with the arbitrary described method of claim 1 to 3, and this soil moisture conservation alley integral body is strip, has the ridge of increasing and carries on the back and lower ridge face, and the ridge basifacial is the ridge base; Fine earth layer and sandy soil layer from bottom to top distribute in the base of ridge.
9. desert according to claim 8 soil moisture conservation alley is characterized in that, the ridge back of the body is to be built by ruckle to form, and is triangular pyramidal, is positioned at the alley opposite side of the wind comes from according to wind direction, the gentle slope direction of the wind comes from dorsad, and upright slope is against the ridge face.
10. according to Claim 8 or 9 described desertes soil moisture conservation alleys, it is characterized in that alley length is 10～50 meters, ridge face width degree is 0.5～1.0 meter, is lower than 0.2 meter on the face of land; Ridge back of the body height is 0.4～1.0 meter, and is wide 1.0～2.5 meters; The fine earth layer thickness is 0.3 meter in the base of ridge, and the sandy soil bed thickness is 1.5 meters.
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102499003A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2012-06-20 | 北京师范大学 | Method for restoring vegetation on barren mountains and sloping fields in arid and semi-arid regions |
| CN102630395A (en) * | 2011-02-15 | 2012-08-15 | 乌鲁木齐爱思特专利转让服务有限责任公司 | Point-to-point land improving and water saving planting method |
| CN104429802A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Unirrigated vegetation planting method by Haloxylonammodendron for heavy clay lands of arid area |
| CN104642058A (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2015-05-27 | 新疆农业大学 | Structure capable of improving snowmelt infiltration rate of irrigation-free haloxylon ammodendron planting region and use method thereof |
| CN105133565A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-12-09 | 赵国平 | Composite desertification control method for high-altitude gobi wind-blown sand region |
| CN105297699A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-02-03 | 曹宁峰 | Four suggestions for radical treatment of desert |
| CN105815066A (en) * | 2016-03-13 | 2016-08-03 | 孙明文 | Plant planting soil moisture preservation water-saving fast growing method |
| CN108142027A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-06-12 | 西北师范大学 | A kind of soil erosion prevention and control life assemblage system and its construction method |
| CN109566282A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-04-05 | 刘文文 | A kind of cultivating and growing method of Radix Notoginseng |
| CN111328661A (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-06-26 | 西北农林科技大学 | Device and method for planting shrubs in refuse dump of mining area |
| CN111903271A (en) * | 2019-05-09 | 2020-11-10 | 盛宝富 | Method for systematically protecting and utilizing hill resources |
| CN113179866A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-07-30 | 青海大学 | Grassland desertification control method based on interface |
| CN114793728A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-07-29 | 中国林业科学研究院 | Method for inoculating cistanche deserticola in gobi haloxylon forestation |
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