CN101939582B - 用于加热加压液化气存储器的*** - Google Patents
用于加热加压液化气存储器的*** Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于存储并以大于或等于1kg/h的流量分配高纯度加压液化气的设备(1),所述设备具有:容器(2),在该容器的下部(3)内容纳有所述气体的液化相(GL),在该容器的上部(4)内容纳有所述气体的气相(Gg);用于抽取所述气体的气相(Gg)的***(5);以及用于在使用时保持恒定气体压力的加热***(6)。本发明的特征在于,所述加热***(6)由在结合于容器(2)的表面(S)上的回路内的热流体的循环构成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于储存加压液化气、特别是氨气或氯气,并用于以高纯度气体的形式在高流量下分配所述气体的设备。高流量应理解为大于或等于1kg/h,优选大于10kg/h的流量。
背景技术
某些行业,例如那些生产半导体、太阳能电池或者光学纤维的行业,目前面临着在不同的生产阶段对高纯度气体的需求日益增长的问题。诸如HCl,Cl2,HBr,N2O,NH3,WF6,BCl3和3MS之类的——仅提到其中的一小部分——这些气体中的某些气体在环境温度下被液化,并因此产生目前的分配困难。这些困难与上述气体的压力和/或它们的使用流量直接相关。
液化气由彼此平衡的气液两相组成。这种平衡意味着在给定温度下液化气具有明确限定的压力,并且此压力根据每种气体所特有的关系随温度变化。实际上,压力随着温度的增加而增大,随着温度的降低而减小。
当从液化气容器中抽取气相时,部分液体应转化为气体从而再生出为了保持平衡所使用的气体。则液体利用可获得的能量(通常为来自容器周围的外部环境的能量)开始沸腾。抽取流量越大,所需能量越多,液体沸腾越剧烈,由此产生在气相中夹带含杂质的液滴的高风险。这些液滴不仅污染气体,而且加速腐蚀现象并导致流量调节和压力测量的不稳定。如果可获得的能量不足以使液体转变为气体并由此产生蒸气相(phasevapeur),则温度(并且因此压力)下降,原因在于必须保持平衡。
对于加压液化氨(对于其它气体推理相同),蒸气压力为8.7bar的液相氨在20℃的温度下气化/蒸发将伴随有每千克氨大约250kcal的热量()提取。因此,氨以100kg/h的流量气化对应于25000kcal/h的热量提取。
在容纳有20000kg氨的ISO容器内,这种热量提取具有使氨的温度(T)降低的结果,为ISO容器内的氨的总质量,为氨在其蒸气压力下的比热:在8.7bar下, 并且,以100kg/h的流量气化的氨,其温度将每小时降低大约1.1℃(ΔT=25000/20000×1.1)。
因此可以达到极低的温度。工业上倾向于需要更高的气体流量和更大的容器,这增加了冷却问题。通过使用最大的加压液化气容器,消除了许多小容器的支持和维护并节省了空间。此外,还降低了更换容器的频率,由此降低了在连接和断开容器的步骤期间气体更频繁泄漏的风险。
这种冷却导致气体蒸气压力的降低。例如,对于氨,其蒸气压力在15℃时不超过6.3bar,在0℃时不超过4.3bar,在-20℃时不超过2bar。
因此,为了使气体压力在使用时保持恒定,必须保持其温度恒定。为此,必须提供至少与冷却产生的热量数量上相等的热量(Qvapgaz)。
通过加热从外部供给能量使得可以限制所观测到的冷却和压力降。因此可以设想多种方案。
目前使用的第一方案包括在气体容器的整个高度上加热该容器并保持一恒定的高于环境温度的加热温度。由于气体以高于环境温度的温度离开容器,因此,此方案需要完全地跟踪容器下游的设施。实际上,通过实施这种方案,用于在环境温度下传输气体的管线会产生冷凝,并因此导致在管路内出现液体,这是不可接受的,因为这样会明显地导致产品流量的不均匀性。
专利申请EP1538390描述了一种用于容纳有液化气的瓶子的感应加热***。专利申请EP1298381描述了一种用于加热加压液化气的设备,其中,该加热设备与所述容器永久接触并由电加热装置构成。专利申请US2002/0124575描述了一种控制容纳在存储设备内的加压液化气的温度的方法,该存储设备由所述存储设备外部的热源加热。
但是,这种设备仍不能令人满意。实际上,上述应用中所使用的气体具有腐蚀性且易燃,而使用电加热***,不能够排除与这些气体的泄漏有关的***的风险。而且,由于这些电气***,在必要时不可以例如使用喷洒器冷却***。也非常可能发生存储容器的燃烧和腐蚀的危险以及触电的危险。另外,器械的清洁、维护以及发生故障时的更换均复杂、危险且昂贵。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述现有技术的全部或部分缺点。
为此,本发明的主题为一种用于存储和以大于或等于1kg/h的流量分配高纯度加压液化气的设备,该设备包括:
-容器,该容器在其下部内容纳有所述气体的液化相GL,在其上部内容纳有所述气体的气相Gg,
-用于抽取所述气体的气相Gg的***,
-加热***,该加热***设计成在使用时保持恒定的气体压力,
所述设备的特征在于,所述加热***由回路内的热流体F的循环构成,所述回路结合在容器表面S上。
另外,本发明的实施例可包括下述一个或多个特征:
上面限定的设备的特征在于,所述回路具有位于所述容器的外表面S上的管路。优选地所述管路焊接到所述容器的外表面上。
上面限定的设备的特征在于,所述管路和所述容器由不锈钢制成。
上面限定的设备的特征在于,所述加热***分布在容器外表面的下部四分之一上。
上面限定的设备的特征在于,被抽取的气体的流量介于1kg/h和100kg/h之间,优选介于10kg/h和50kg/h之间。
上面限定的设备的特征在于,所述容器的容量介于1公吨和100公吨之间,优选介于10公吨和40公吨之间。
上面限定的设备的特征在于,所述容器内设置有液位计。
上面限定的设备的特征在于,该设备包括用于根据气体的压力调节在加热***内循环的热流体F的流量的装置。
上面限定的设备的特征在于,所述热流体F的温度低于或等于50℃。
用于分配热液体的设备需要加热***,该加热***设计成加热容纳所述液体的容器的全部表面。与加压液化气的情况不同,所述液体不具有很高的蒸气压力,因此可以在高于50℃的温度下加热该液体。因而,所述两种设备的应用截然不同并且技术领域相差甚远,以至于不能对各种类型的设备及其部件进行对比。
上面限定的设备的特征在于,该设备具有隔热***,该隔热***至少覆盖容器外表面S的其上结合有加热***的一部分。
上面限定的设备的特征在于,所述高纯度加压液化气为氨气。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例,加热回路的管路以及上面限定的设备的容器由相同的材料制成。所述材料可以是铜,优选所述材料为不锈钢。
在上面限定的加热***中循环的热流体F选自水、油或者其它载热液体。所述流体优选为水。
根据本发明的一个具体的实施例,上面限定的设备的容器是安装在半拖挂车底盘上的容器。优选所述容器为iso容器。
高纯度气体应理解为纯度高于或等于99.99%,优选高于或等于99.999%,甚至更优选高于或等于99.9999%的气体。
根据作为本发明主题的设备的一个实施例,用于回收热流体的装置位于所述加热***的出口。
附图说明
通过阅读参照附图的以下描述,本发明的其它特别特征和优点将显而易见,其中:
-图1示出了根据本发明的设备的纵向示意性截面图;
-图2示出了沿图1所示的设备的细部的线A的横截面的透视图;
-图3示出了根据本发明的设备的另一个示例性实施例的示意性横截面图;以及
-图4示出了图1至图3中所示的设备的详细的示意图,该图图示了加热***的管路,所述管路结合在根据本发明的设备的容器中。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于存储和分配加压液化气的设备1,该设备包括容器2。容器2的下部3填充有所储存的气体的液化相GL,而其上部4填充有所储存的气体的气相Gg。在容器2的上部上还设置有抽取***5。此抽取***5设计成抽取在与本发明的设备相关的应用中所使用的加压的、腐蚀性的液化气的气相Gg。抽取***5由例如位于容器2的上部4中的管路构成。因此,凭借这种抽取***5,溶解于液相内的杂质不会被夹带。
由于容器2可容纳腐蚀性气体,例如氨气,因此,容器2应由与所述气体相容且不会被该气体腐蚀的材料构成。因此,容器2例如由不锈钢制成,不锈钢304尤其适合。容器2具有大容量并例如由能容纳10公吨到50公吨的加压液化腐蚀性气体的ISO容器构成,从而该容器每个月仅须被填充或更换一次或两次,以便从安全性的角度限制该精细操作的频率。
设备1包括结合在容器2中的加热***6。该加热***6具有补偿由于气化导致的液体GL冷却的功能,从而防止气相Gg的压力降低。在一个优选的方式中,加热***6位于容器2的外表面的下部,如图1所示。则这种结构的目的是仅加热液相GL,从而通过使未被加热的气相Gg部分地再冷凝而再次将任何经过的杂质夹带至液相GL,从而限制了溶解在液相GL中的杂质传递到气相Gg。
设备1设置有阀13和阀14,所述阀用于控制通过管道12进入的液化气GL以及通过管道5离开的气体。
图1所示的设备还包括包含在容器2内的液位计/液位指示器8。该液位计8具有告知使用者保留在容器2的下部3内的液体液位的功能。由此,所述使用者可采取行动从而留下剩余液体(例如10%),以便防止如果液体完全气化,则溶解在液相内的杂质被夹带到气相中。作为变型,设备1可包括用于对容器2进行称重的***以代替液位计8。
作为变型,安装隔热***10以便覆盖结合在容器2内的加热***6。应用于容器2的第一隔热技术包括以下步骤:
步骤a):于容器2的外部在介于50mm和200mm之间的距离上安装由例如铝或者PVC制成的刚性的、***漏的包套;
步骤b):向在步骤a)中形成的套层内注入聚氨酯。
应用于容器2的另一种隔热技术包括以下步骤:
步骤a):将厚度介于50mm到200mm之间的诸如固体聚氨酯的隔热材料制的板粘附至容器2的外部;
步骤b):在所述板上安装由例如铝或PVC制成的封套。
还可设置压力传感器11。该传感器11通过连接装置9连接至加热***6,如图2所示。
图2所示的设备1包括容器2,该容器具有表面S,在该表面上焊接有回路6,该回路由管路7构成,热流体F在所述管路内循环。
图4示出了管路7,被加热的流体F如图3的箭头所示进入所述管路。通过调节阀15根据与温度相关的气体压力来调节被加热的流体F的流量。气体压力选择为使得容器2下游的管道***内不发生冷凝。该压力通过压力传感器11测得。
当液化腐蚀性气体的蒸气压力对应于50℃的液相温度时和/或一旦剩余液体的液位显示剩余液体的体积不大于初始体积的10%时,停止流体F的循环。
加热***6可以覆盖容器2的表面的5%到90%,优选覆盖外表面的10%到50%。在一个特别优选的方式中,加热***覆盖容器2的外表面S下部四分之一,如图3所示。在此实施例的示例中,热流体F的循环发生在管路7内,所述管路焊接在容器2的外表面S的下部四分之一上,从而仅加热液相的体积V,直到该体积的90%被使用。通过重力和对流,底部较热的液体上升。根据本发明的一个具体的实施例,管路7由不锈钢制成并被焊接在容器2的外表面S上,该容器同样由不锈钢制成。
在所述流体F为水的情况下,通过之前被加热的最高温度为50℃(Ti)的水在焊接到容器2的表面S上的管路7内的循环来输入热量。被加热的流体F的温度被限制至50℃,以在当容器被填满时不会产生危险的气体压力。
这种设备使得可以保证离开容器的腐蚀性气体的高纯度以及气体高分配流量。
对于气体分配设备,所提供的气体的纯度是一关键因素。实际上,杂质可能来自初始原材料,其在发生泄漏的情况下被空气污染,或者被来自容器制造的油脂或油污染。因此,应当预先清洗所述气体分配设备,使该设备与其容纳的气体相容,并且周期性地通过容器所容纳的腐蚀性气体从容器内清除腐蚀。由液相产生的腐蚀比由气相产生的腐蚀更快。使用图3示意性地示出的加热***6,10%的液体被加热,因而存在温度梯度。实际上,温度从容器的下部向上部增加。目前,温度越高,腐蚀越强,因此,气相内的腐蚀杂质比液相内的腐蚀杂质少(几个数量级)。因此,根据本发明的加热***使得可以使由金属杂质导致的污染最小化,并由此提供适于电子或光电行业的高纯度气体,例如纯度为99.9999%。
根据本发明的一个具体实施例,加热***6诸如通过焊接或粘合与容器2的外表面S永久接触。
在容器更换的过程中,通过在结合在容器2的外表面S上的管路7内循环热流体来加热的***限制了将该加热***固定至与热流体进口管和流体出口管连接的连接件的操作。
50℃的流体温度不会引起燃烧或触电的危险。
与电加热情况不同,所述加热***不存在与易燃气体(例如氨气)的泄漏有关的***的风险。
在必要的情况下,可对容器2使用自动喷洒器***以使其冷却,这对于电加热较为困难。
根据本发明的设备不仅适用于氨的存储和分配,而且适用于所有涉及采用特殊气体的应用,特别是涉及电子器件的应用。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于储存高纯度加压液化气并以大于或等于1kg/h的流量分配该高纯度加压液化气的设备(1),包括:
-容器(2),在所述容器的下部(3)内容纳有所述高纯度加压液化气的液化相(GL),在所述容器的上部(4)内容纳有所述高纯度加压液化气的气相(Gg),
-用于抽取所述高纯度加压液化气的气相(Gg)的***(5),
-加热***(6),所述加热***设计成在使用时保持恒定的气体压力,
其特征在于,所述加热***(6)由回路内的热流体(F)的循环构成,所述回路结合在所述容器(2)的外表面(S)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述回路具有在所述容器(2)的外表面(S)上的管路(7)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其特征在于,所述管路(7)和所述容器(2)由不锈钢制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述加热***(6)分布在所述容器(2)的外表面(S)的下部四分之一上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,被抽取的高纯度加压液化气的流量介于1kg/h和100kg/h之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述容器(2)的容量介于1公吨和100公吨之间。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述容器(2)内设置有液位计(8)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,该设备包括用于根据所述高纯度加压液化气的压力调节在所述加热***(6)内循环的热流体(F)的流量的装置(9)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,所述热流体(F)的温度低于或等于50℃。
10.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其特征在于,该设备具有隔热***(10),该隔热***至少覆盖所述容器(2)的外表面(S)的其上结合有所述加热***(6)的一部分。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的设备,其特征在于,所述高纯度加压液化气为氨气。
12.根据权利要求5所述的设备,其特征在于,被抽取的高纯度加压液化气的流量介于10kg/h和50kg/h之间。
13.根据权利要求6所述的设备,其特征在于,所述容器(2)的容量介于10公吨和40公吨之间。
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JP6013540B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-24 | 2016-10-25 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | ガス供給方法およびガス供給装置 |
EP3121505B1 (de) * | 2015-07-24 | 2018-03-14 | Salzburger Aluminium Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zur aufnahme eines kryofluids |
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2009
- 2009-01-28 KR KR1020107017426A patent/KR20100126289A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-01-28 CN CN2009801044216A patent/CN101939582B/zh active Active
- 2009-01-28 WO PCT/FR2009/050125 patent/WO2009098425A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2009-01-28 JP JP2010545530A patent/JP5547092B2/ja active Active
- 2009-01-28 EP EP09708834.8A patent/EP2250425B1/fr active Active
- 2009-01-28 US US12/866,372 patent/US8244116B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN2656785Y (zh) * | 2003-09-17 | 2004-11-17 | 叶金 | 一种干式液化气钢瓶安全蒸发装置 |
CN2901004Y (zh) * | 2004-12-10 | 2007-05-16 | 汤玉梅 | 双控式液化气钢瓶安全汽化器 |
FR2893116A1 (fr) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-05-11 | Air Liquide | Procede de production d'un reservoir et reservoir obtenu selon le procede |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2011511234A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
CN101939582A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
KR20100126289A (ko) | 2010-12-01 |
FR2927146B1 (fr) | 2010-03-26 |
JP5547092B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
WO2009098425A3 (fr) | 2009-10-01 |
US20110114667A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
FR2927146A1 (fr) | 2009-08-07 |
EP2250425A2 (fr) | 2010-11-17 |
US8244116B2 (en) | 2012-08-14 |
EP2250425B1 (fr) | 2013-06-19 |
WO2009098425A2 (fr) | 2009-08-13 |
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