CN101880843B - Aluminum alloy piston spray quenching heat treatment process and device thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy piston spray quenching heat treatment process and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101880843B CN101880843B CN2010102237121A CN201010223712A CN101880843B CN 101880843 B CN101880843 B CN 101880843B CN 2010102237121 A CN2010102237121 A CN 2010102237121A CN 201010223712 A CN201010223712 A CN 201010223712A CN 101880843 B CN101880843 B CN 101880843B
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- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010129 solution processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an aluminum alloy piston fog quenching heat treatment process and a device thereof. The process comprises the following steps: the smelted liquid aluminum alloy and a metal mould are used for casting; the obtained piston blank is taken out of the piston mould and placed on a quenching platform, the mist composed of water and gas is sprayed by a spraying device to perform quenching heat treatment to the piston blank with the temperature of 420-545 DEG C; when the piston chamber is kept bright and clean, spray cooling is performed to the head or skirt part of the piston; when the outside of the piston skirt is kept bright and clean, spray cooling is performed to the piston chamber; after the temperature of the piston blank reaches room temperature after spray cooling, artificial aging heat treatment is performed; and finally the piston is naturally cooled in the air to room temperature, and natural aging heat treatment is performed for 24 hours. By using the process of the invention, the mechanical property of the piston can be increased and the part meeting the technical requirements with a bright surface can be obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Heat treatment for aluminium alloy piston technology, particularly aluminium-alloy piston is carried out fog quenching and handle, to improve the heat treating method and the device thereof of piston machine performance.
Background technology
The processing of aluminum alloy materials piston super saturated solid solution is that the quench cooled of aluminium-alloy piston is a bigger link of technical difficulty; Super saturated solid solution is handled---quench direct relation aluminum alloy materials final properties.The super saturated solid solution treatment effect is good during quenching, and super saturated solid solution degree higher position can guarantee fully that piston reaches high performance, and the maximum of performance piston is active.According to aluminum current alloy material piston thermal treatment situation, the quenching super saturated solid solution is handled the requirement of selecting for use of heat-eliminating medium: guarantee to obtain high super saturated solid solution degree after the aluminum alloy materials piston quench cooled, guarantee can obtain uniform surface hardness and satisfactory performance after the timeliness; The piston quench cooled quenching crack and serious deformation can not occur, and piston mass is brought up to higher performance class.
Aluminium-alloy piston thermal treatment present situation
Heat treatment for aluminium alloy piston (super saturated solid solution the processing)+artificial aging of normally quenching is handled.The method of quenching reheats quenching after having afterheat in casting quenching and casting to finish.The quench treatment type of cooling generally has following several mode: naturally cooling in whole immersion cooling, local immersion cooling, the cooling of fan high wind, the air.
Aluminium alloy quenching solution treatment makes water be controlled at 60 ℃～100 ℃ scopes as quenching medium requirement water temperature.The temperature that the super saturated solid solution of aluminum alloy materials product is handled is then 540 ℃ of following temperature, and carrying out quench treatment below the temperature at this is the fastest stage of water cooling.When adopting hot water to carry out Cooling Quenching, though speed of cooling is slowed down, the fluctuation that water temperature is little will change the speed of cooling of water.Water temperature is high more, and speed of cooling is slow more.Adopt water as heat-eliminating medium then be distributed in the fastest stage of speed of cooling the quench cooled of aluminum alloy materials is handled unfavorable.Water carries out quench treatment stain seal with residuary water on piston, guarantee that any surface finish of piston must be carried out surperficial cleaning.
Adopt machine oil as the aluminum alloy materials quenching medium, then the fastest speed of cooling is very favourable to the Aluminium Alloy Solution Treatment quenching at hot stage, reduces the distortion that helps reducing the aluminum alloy materials product in low thermophase speed of cooling.Oil temperature variation simultaneously is minimum to the speed of cooling influence, has improved the refrigerative homogeneity like this, and corresponding raising aluminum alloy materials quench cooled homogeneity reduces the distortion of part.But be to use the production cost of oil, cause the pollution of environment simultaneously as heat-eliminating medium increase piston.
The cooling of employing high wind, speed of cooling is slower, can not guarantee to satisfy the super saturated solid solution processing of aluminum alloy part, and especially the high wind cooling guarantees that the situation of degree of supersaturation is poorer when the part net thickness is big.
Naturally cooling in air then can not guarantee the degree of supersaturation of aluminium-alloy piston quench treatment can not guarantee that the performance of piston reaches requirement.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of aluminium-alloy piston fog quenching thermal treatment process at the weak point that has the aluminum alloy heat treatment process now, to improve the mechanical property of piston, simultaneously, obtains customer requirements or the desired surface-brightening part of technology.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this: a kind of aluminium-alloy piston fog quenching heat-treatment technology method, carry out according to the following steps:
A), adopt metal die to pour into a mould the alloy aluminum liquid after the melting;
B), take off piston blank spare from Piston mould, piston blank spare is placed on the Cooling Quenching platform, the vaporific gas that spraying plant produced is formed by water, gas by being positioned at Cooling Quenching platform below carries out quench cooled thermal treatment with the piston blank spare of 420 ℃～545 ℃ of temperature: by adjusting compressed-air actuated pressure and flow, perhaps adjust intake pressure and flooding quantity, thereby satisfy the speed of cooling of spray cooling; Require under the bright and clean situation at piston cavity, piston crown or skirt section are carried out spray cooling; Require under the bright and clean situation piston cavity to be carried out spray cooling in the skirt of piston appearance;
The spraying plant structure is: pressurized air air inlet valve is screwed in the threeway afterbody, with nozzle on same axis; Water inlet tap is screwed in the threeway side, at an angle, is connected with valve; The negative pressure that pressurized air air inlet valve, threeway, nozzle form certain interval each other forms the district; Water inlet tap has the flooding quantity of adjusting aperture by the threeway direction;
C), after the temperature of the piston blank spare of b step spray cooling reaches room temperature, carry out artificial aging thermal treatment again: piston blank spare is heated to 170 ℃ ± 5 ℃, and constant temperature 3 hours is heated to 250 ℃ ± 5 ℃ constant temperature 2 hours again;
D), c step piston blank spare after artificial aging thermal treatment, naturally cooling was reduced to room temperature in air, finished natural aging thermal treatment again through 24 hours.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of thermal treatment unit that adopts above-mentioned processing method, so that carry out quench cooled thermal treatment by the vaporific gas that is formed by water, gas.
Another object of the present invention is achieved in that the spraying plant that a kind of aluminium-alloy piston fog quenching heat-treatment technology method adopts, its structure is: Cooling Quenching platform below is provided with spraying plant, its structure is: pressurized air air inlet valve is screwed in the threeway afterbody, with shower nozzle on same axis; Water inlet tap is screwed in the threeway side, at an angle, is connected with valve; Valve, threeway, nozzle constitute the negative pressure with certain interval each other and form the district.
Above-mentioned water inlet tap has the flooding quantity of adjusting aperture near the threeway direction.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the piston machine performance is improved
I〉aluminium-alloy piston art work sheet performance requriements: hardness: HB100～130, same piston difference of hardness is not more than 10 HBS, and same stove piston difference of hardness is not more than 30 HBS; Tensile strength: σ
b〉=196MPa, σ
300 ℃〉=69MPa; Volume stability: δ≤0.03%D.
Ii〉fog quenching+artificial aging piston performance index are as follows: hardness: HB104～113; Tensile strength: σ
b=241.30MPa, σ
300 ℃=110.31MPa; Linear expansivity: α
Room temperature-200=19.89 * 10
-6/ ℃, α
Room temperature-300=21.48 * 10
-6/ ℃; Volume stability: δ≤0.011%D.Improve and guarantee that some performance of piston adopts the way Danone of adjusting the piston artificial aging time enough to satisfy the requirement of piston property.
2, fog quenching is convenient to adjust speed of cooling, can adjust compressed-air actuated pressure and/or flow easily, perhaps, adjusts water surface pressure and/or flow, thereby adjusts speed of cooling easily, and thermal treatment can be carried out according to predetermined cooling curve easily.
3, aluminium-alloy piston any surface finish, no spot
Can obtain according to customer requirements or according to the surface-brightening part of processing requirement.
Characteristics of the present invention are further to set forth in conjunction with embodiment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention's (quench cooled) structure drawing of device of spraying;
Fig. 2 is piston fog quenching artificial aging heat treatment cycle curve figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 2 illustrates, and a kind of aluminium-alloy piston fog quenching heat-treatment technology method carries out according to the following steps:
A), adopt metal die to pour into a mould the alloy aluminum liquid after the melting;
B), take off piston blank spare from Piston mould, piston blank spare is placed on the Cooling Quenching platform, the vaporific gas that spraying plant produced is formed by water, gas by being positioned at Cooling Quenching platform below carries out quench cooled thermal treatment with the piston blank spare under 420 ℃～545 ℃ of the temperature: by adjusting compressed-air actuated pressure and flow, perhaps adjust intake pressure and flooding quantity, thereby satisfy the speed of cooling of spray cooling; Require under the bright and clean situation at piston cavity, piston crown or skirt section are carried out spray cooling; Require under the bright and clean situation piston cavity to be carried out spray cooling in the skirt of piston appearance;
C), after the temperature of the piston blank spare of b step spray cooling reaches room temperature, carry out artificial aging thermal treatment again: piston blank spare is heated to 170 ℃ ± 5 ℃, and constant temperature 3 hours is heated to 250 ℃ ± 5 ℃ constant temperature 2 hours again;
D), c step piston blank spare after artificial aging thermal treatment, naturally cooling was reduced to room temperature in air, finished natural aging thermal treatment again through 24 hours.(referring to Fig. 2).
Aluminium alloy is in the heat-treatment quenching process of cooling, because aluminium alloy self, have following characteristics in the thermal treatment process of cooling: 1) the aluminium-alloy piston solid solution temperature is low, and quenching temperature is generally 420～545 ℃ of temperature ranges; Burn-off phenomenon appears in temperature too high (especially cast aluminium alloy) easily, and temperature is crossed low-alloy aluminium alloy solute element and separated out and can not guarantee degree of supersaturation; 2) aluminium-alloy piston process of cooling heat transfer rate is fast, the high 0.53 * 418.68/W. of the thermal conductivity of aluminium (m.K)
-1, heat transfer rate is fast, and quench cooled process heart portion heat can transmit out soon; Aluminum alloy materials thermal conduction is fast, so cooling rate could guarantee the solid solution strengthening effect of material, the over-all properties of aluminium alloy after the assurance timeliness soon during aluminum alloy materials product quench cooled.3) aluminium-alloy piston structural shape complexity, each position wall thickness difference is bigger, adopts each position temperature head of afterheat in casting quenching piston bigger; 4) the aluminium alloy thermal capacitance is big by 0.215 * 4.1868 * 10
3/ J. (kg.K)
-1, density is hanged down 2.6984/g.cm
3, the heat-eliminating medium amount that compares the aluminium alloy needs of equivalent weight with iron alloy increases; 5) the quench cooled process transport velocity of carrying out after the aluminium alloy heating subsequently wants fast, avoids supersaturated solid solution to decompose in early days, influences strengthening effect and alloy property; 6) the aluminum alloy materials heat treatment process does not have the transformation of tissue, and therefore the cooling in the solution treatment process just must guarantee that aluminum alloy materials reaches the super saturated solid solution degree of trying one's best big, just can guarantee the final performance of aluminum alloy materials; 7) for the higher aluminum alloy part of some surface requirements, can not there be any spot in the thermal treatment rear surface.
It is a kind of new quench cooled mode that aluminium alloy spray cooling super saturated solid solution is handled.The fog quenching cooling is to adopt water, gas to form the heat-eliminating medium of vaporific gas as solution treatment, the quenching that can be good at solving aluminum alloy part.The fog quenching cooling can both well solve the speed of cooling of spraying by adjusting the compressed-air actuated amount of spraying or adjusting the amount that forms spray water xi.Increasing compressed-air actuated gas flow and pressure can increase the speed of cooling of spray cooling, and the flow that increases spray cooling water also will increase the speed of cooling of spray cooling.Spray cooling can carry out spray cooling at certain part simultaneously, can guarantee to require the light part not contaminated, thereby obtains the surface-brightening part of requirement.For example: piston requires inner chamber bright and clean, then can carry out spray cooling to head or skirt section; Require the skirt section appearance bright and clean, then can spray cold inner chamber; So both guaranteed the surface that the clean part of part requirement light can obtain to require, and guaranteed that part obtained the over-all properties that requires.
Referring to Fig. 1, the spraying plant that a kind of aluminium-alloy piston fog quenching heat-treatment technology method adopts, its structure is: Cooling Quenching platform 5 belows are provided with spraying plant, and its structure is: pressurized air air inlet valve 2 is screwed in threeway 3 afterbodys, with shower nozzle 1 on same axis; Water inlet tap 4 is screwed in threeway 3 sides, at an angle, is connected with valve; Valve 2, threeway 3, nozzle 1 constitute the negative pressure with certain interval each other and form the district.Water inlet tap 4 has the flooding quantity of adjusting aperture near the threeway direction.
Cooling Quenching platform 5 belows are provided with tank 6, and tank 6 bottoms are stretched in water inlet pipe (being installed into water nozzle on it) lower end.
Claims (2)
1. aluminium-alloy piston fog quenching heat-treatment technology method is characterized in that: carry out according to the following steps:
A), adopt metal die to pour into a mould the alloy aluminum liquid after the melting;
B), take off piston blank spare from Piston mould, piston blank spare is placed on the Cooling Quenching platform, the vaporific gas that spraying plant produced is formed by water, gas by being positioned at Cooling Quenching platform below carries out quench cooled thermal treatment with the piston blank spare of 420 ℃～545 ℃ of temperature: by adjusting compressed-air actuated pressure and flow, perhaps adjust intake pressure and flooding quantity, thereby satisfy the speed of cooling of spray cooling; Require under the bright and clean situation at piston cavity, piston crown or skirt section are carried out spray cooling; Require under the bright and clean situation piston cavity to be carried out spray cooling in the skirt of piston appearance;
Above-mentioned spraying plant structure is: pressurized air air inlet valve (2) is screwed in threeway (3) afterbody, with nozzle (1) on same axis; Water inlet tap (4) is screwed in threeway (3) side, at an angle, is connected with pressurized air air inlet valve; The negative pressure that pressurized air air inlet valve (2), threeway (3), nozzle (1) form certain interval each other forms the district; Water inlet tap (4) has the flooding quantity of adjusting water hole by the threeway direction;
C), after the temperature of the piston blank spare of b step spray cooling reaches room temperature, carry out artificial aging thermal treatment again: piston blank spare is heated to 170 ℃ ± 5 ℃, and constant temperature 3 hours is heated to 250 ℃ ± 5 ℃ constant temperature 2 hours again;
D), c step piston blank spare after artificial aging thermal treatment, naturally cooling was reduced to room temperature in air, finished natural aging thermal treatment again through 24 hours.
2. spraying plant that aluminium-alloy piston fog quenching heat-treatment technology method as claimed in claim 1 adopts, it is characterized in that: described Cooling Quenching platform (5) below is provided with spraying plant, its structure is: pressurized air air inlet valve (2) is screwed in threeway (3) afterbody, with shower nozzle (1) on same axis; Water inlet tap (4) is screwed in threeway (3) side, at an angle, is connected with pressurized air air inlet valve; Pressurized air air inlet valve (2), threeway (3), nozzle (1) constitute the negative pressure with certain interval each other and form the district.
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| CN2010102237121A CN101880843B (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2010-07-12 | Aluminum alloy piston spray quenching heat treatment process and device thereof |
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| CN2010102237121A CN101880843B (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2010-07-12 | Aluminum alloy piston spray quenching heat treatment process and device thereof |
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| CN101880843B true CN101880843B (en) | 2011-11-16 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102634745A (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2012-08-15 | 烟台路通精密铝业有限公司 | Heat processing technology of aluminum alloy castings |
| CN103290181B (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2015-04-22 | 天津市天瑞硬化工程有限公司 | Supersonic gas (fog) scanning quenching nozzle |
| CN103468893B (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2018-08-07 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Quenching unit and its application method for Complex Aluminum Alloy Casting with Thin Wall Thickness |
| CN103602793A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-02-26 | 曲阜金皇活塞股份有限公司 | Heat treatment method and device for aluminum alloy ring-mounted piston |
| CN104673980B (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2017-09-26 | 苏州明志科技有限公司 | A kind of quenching unit of aluminum alloy heat processing |
| CN105044151B (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2017-06-16 | 中南大学 | A kind of method for measuring aluminium alloy continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curve |
| CN107586928B (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-10-02 | 东莞市赫泽电子科技有限公司 | A kind of quenching unit of aluminum alloy heat processing |
| CN111487129A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-08-04 | 江苏豪然喷射成形合金有限公司 | Method for testing room-temperature tensile mechanical properties of 7055 ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy extruded material formed by spraying |
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| US6669792B2 (en) * | 1998-09-08 | 2003-12-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Process for producing a cast article from a hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy |
| JP2004091818A (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2004-03-25 | Denso Corp | High-strength aluminum alloy casting and its manufacturing method |
| JP2005200702A (en) * | 2004-01-15 | 2005-07-28 | Ryobi Ltd | Method of heat treating aluminum die-cast product |
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